MANCHESTER 


A  BRIEF  RECORD  OF  ITS  PAST 


A  PICTURE  OF  ITS  PRESENT, 


INCLUDING 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  ITS 
SETTLEMENT  AND  OF  ITS 
GROWTH  AS  TOWN  AND  CITY;  A 
HISTORY  OF  ITS  SCHOOLS,  CHURCHES, 
SOCIETIES,  BANKS,  POST-OFFICES,  NEWSPA 
PERS  AND  MANUFACTURES;    A  DESCRIPTION  OF 
ITS    GOVERNMENT,    POLICE  AND    FIRE    DEPARTMENT, 
PUBLIC   BUILDINGS,   LIBRARY,    WATER-WORKS,    CEMETERIES, 
STREETS,  STREAMS,  RAILWA  YS  AND  BRIDGES;  A  COMPLETE  LIST  OF 
THE  SELECTMEN,  MODERATORS  AND  CLERKS  OF  THE   TOWN 
AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  COUNCILS,  MARSHALS  AND  ENGIN 
EERS  OF  THE  CITY,  WITH  THE  STATE  OF  THE  VOTE 
FOR  MAYOR  AT  EACH  ELECTION ;  THE  STORY 
OF  ITS  PART  IN  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBEL 
LION  WITH  A  COMPLETE  LIST  OF  ALL 
ITS  SOLDIERS    WHO  WENT  TO 

THE  WAR;  AND  SKETCHES 
OF  ITS  REPRESENTATIVE  CITIZENS. 


THIRTY- EIGHT  STEEL  AND  EIGHTEEN  WOOD  ENGRAVINGS  OF  ITS 
PROMINENT  MEN  AND  BUILDINGS. 


MANCHESTER,    N.   H.  : 

JOHN   B.   CLARKE* 

1875. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1875,  by 

JOHN  B.  CLARKE, 
in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  "Washington,  D.  C. 


,Mirror  Office:  JOHN   B.  CLARKE, 

MANCHESTER,  N.  H. 


F44- 


PREFACE. 


Tins  book  is  designed  to  answer  the  question,  a  What  has  Man 
chester  been  and  what  is  it  to-day  V"  It  aims  to  record  briefly 
the  circumstances  of  its  origin  and  growth  as  the  background  to  a 
picture  of  its  present  life. 

The  credit  of  collecting  and  writing  its  contents,  under  my  su 
pervision,  belongs  to  my  nephew,  Maurice  D.  Clarke.  The  sour 
ces  have  been  many  from  which  information  has  been  obtained 
and  the  chance  for  inaccuracy  has  been  therefore  great.  Rec 
ords  have  been  found  to  err,  personal  recollections  have  conflict 
ed,  but  comparison  of  different  authorities  has  been  made  when 
possible  and  accuracy  has  been  sought  if  not  reached. 

The  first  twenty-four  pages  were  condensed  from  Judge  Potter's 
"  History  of  Manchester  "  and  the  list  of  town  and  city  officers  had 
been  prepared  by  Judge  Isaac  W.  Smith  when  he  revised  the  city 
ordinances.  The  writer  acknowledges  indebtedness,  also,  to  the 
officers  of  the  corporations,  banks,  churches  and  societies  ;  to  Ex- 
Gov.  E.  A.  Straw,  Ex-Gov.  Frederick  Smyth,  Col.  Phinehas 
Adams  and  the  city  clerk,  Joseph  E.  Bennett,  for  valuable  infor 
mation;  to  Charles  H.  Marshall,  librarian  of  the  public  library, 
for  unusual  privileges  ;  to  the  Hon.  Joseph  W.  Fellows,  an 
acknowledged  authority  upon  Freemasonry;  to  Sylvester  C.  Gould, 
whose  large  collection  of  documents  bearing  upon  the  city's  early 
years  has  been  the  source  from  which  much  has  been  drawn  ;  and, 
in  general,  to  the  Hon.  Jacob  F.  James,  Joseph  G.  Edgerly, 
Joseph  L.  Stevens,  D.  K.  Mack,  11.  II.  Hassam  and  jvery  many 
others  whom  there  is  no  space  to  enumerate. 


June,  1875. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Portrait  of  Col.  Phinehas  Adams  to  face  page   10 

William  Amory 16 

Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company's  Mills — View  from  the 

West  side  of  the  River   24 

Portrait  of  Charles  E.  Balch 32 

the  Hon.  Charles  H.  Bartlett 40 

Joseph  E.  Bennett 48 

Aretas  Blood 56 

Dr.  W.  W.  Brown 64 

the  Hon.  David  A.  Buntoti 72 

Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  — Dam  and  Gate-House. .     78 

Court-House 82 

Public  Library 88 

Manchester  Water-Works — Pumping  Station 94 

Location  of  the  Dam,  Races,  etc..  104 

Details  of  Penstock 112 

Details  of  Dam 120 

Section  of  Purnping-Station  and 

Pumps 128 

Plan     of    Pumping -Station    and 

Pumps 136 

Details  of  Reservoir 144 

Portrait  of  the  Hon.  G-.  Byron  Chandler 152 

the  Hon.  P.  C.  Cheney 160 

the  Hon.  Joseph  B.  Clark 168 

the  Hon.  L.  W.  Clark 176 

John  B.  Clarke 184 

the  Hon.  William  C.  Clarke 192 

Dr.  Josiah  Crosby   200 

the  Hon.  Moody  Currier 208 

Col.  M.  V.  B.  Edgerly 216 


Portrait  of  the  Hon.  Moses  Fellows 224 

the  Hon .  Herman  Foster 232 

the  Hon.  E.  W.  Harrington 240 

Gen.  Natt  Head 248 

the  Hon .  John  Hosley 256 

the  Hon.  Jacob  F.  James 264 

Amoskeag   Manufacturing    Company  —  Counting-House   and 

Buildings  on  Upper  Canal 272 

Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company's  Mills — Lower  Yard. . . .  280 

Stark  Mills   "    *    288 

Portrait  of  the  Hon.  Warren  L.  Lane 296 

Amoskeag    Manufacturing     Company  —  Machine-Shops    and 

Lower  Mill-Yard 304 

Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company — Lumber- Yard,  Mechan 
ics'  Row,  Gate-House  and  Dam 312 

Portrait  of  Col.  B.  F.  Martin 320 

the  Hon.  John  P.  Newell 328 

A.  P.  Olzendam 336 

the  Hon.  Nathan  Parker 344 

the  Hon.  C.  E.  Potter 352 

Gen.  William  P.  Riddle 360 

Residence  of  Ex-Gov.  Frederick  Smyth 370 

Portrait  of  Col.  Waterman  Smith 376 

the  Hon .  Frederick  Smyth 384 

the  Hon.  C.  W.  Stanley 392 

the  Hon.  E.  A.  Straw 400 

D.  B.  Varney 408 

Residence  of  Col.  B.  F.  Martin 416 

Portrait  of  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Wallace 424 

Residence  of  Col.  Waterman  Smith 430 

Portrait  of  the  Hon.  James  A.  Weston 440 


THE  EARLY  HISTORY. 


l622  - 


RECORD  of  the  City  of  Manchester  may  be  written 
n  one  sentence,  of  which  a  history  is  the  expan 
sion.  After  an  embryonic  life  of  years  it  was  born 
in  1751,  attained  its  majority  in  1846,  and  is  in  the  prime 
of  manhood  to-day.  The  land  on  which  it  stands  was 
shared  with  several  towns  till  'the  beginning  of  its  individ 
ual  life,  and  the  history  of  this  territory  is  for  some  dis 
tance  identical  with  that  of  the  state  of  which  it  forms  a 
part. 

Among  the  speculators  whom  the  discovery  of  a  western 
continent  produced  in  the  old  world  were  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  and  Capt.  John  Mason,  who  obtained  from  the 
English  government  in  1622  a  grant  of  land  which  in 
cluded  the  greater  part  of  New  Hampshire.  They  subse 
quently  dissolved  partnership  and  Mason  became  the  sole 
proprietor  of  the  land  west  of  the  Piscataqua  river,  deriv 
ing  his  title  from  the  king  of  England,  who  professed  to  be 
the  owner.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Rev.  John  Wheel 
wright  of  Braintree,  Mass.,  obtained,  May  17,  1629,  from 
Passaconnaway,  the  head  of  the  Pennacook  Indians,  and 
three  other  chiefs,  whom  he  deemed  the  proprietors  by 
right,  a  deed  of  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  which  en 
closed  a  large  piece  of  Mason's  grant,  and,  banished  by  the 
Puritans  from  Massachusetts  on  account  of  his  religion, 


10  MANCHESTER. 

settled  in  Exeter.  The  dispute  between  these  claimants 
descended  to  their  heirs  and  was  the  seed  of  much  strife. 

The  first  settlement  of  Londonderry  was  made  in  1719 
by  Scotch  Irish  people,  who  obtained  from  John,  the  grand 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Wheelwright,  a  deed  dated  October 
20,  1719,  which  conveyed  to  them  a  tract  of  land  ten  miles 
square,  in  what  was  known  as  the  "chestnut  country"  from 
the  abundance  of  its  chestnut  trees,  which  also  gave  the 
name  of  "Nutfield"  to  Londonderry.  To  them  in  1722  the 
governor  of  the  province  made  a  grant  which  was  the  third 
within  the  present  limits  of  Manchester.  The  first  was  a 
gift  in  1663  to  the  Indian  chief,  Passaconnaway,  who  had 
been  reduced  to  poverty,  and  the  second,  which  included 
nearly  half  of  Manchester  and  was  the  ancient  Chester, 
was  made  by  the  governor  in  1720  to  a  number  of  men 
who,  wrongly  supposing  the  settlers  of  Londonderry  to  be 
Irishmen  and  Roman  Catholics,  were  anxious  to  obtain 
beforehand  the  territory  on  which  the  latter  had  settled. 
Their  plan  was  thwarted  by  their  ignorance  of  civil  engin 
eering  and  their  consequent  inability  to  fit  their  deed  to  the 
land  in  question. 

The  Presbyterian  settlers  of  Londonderry  had  played 
much  the  same  part  in  Scotland  as  the  Puritans  in  England. 
Persecuted  by  Episcopalians  and  Roman  Catholics,  they 
sought  a  refuge  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and,  after  fighting 
for  their  religious  rights  and  enduring  the  memorable  siege 
of  Londonderry,  followed  the  Puritans  to  the  new  world, 
coming  to  Boston  in  1718  and  to  Londonderry  the  next 
year,  introducing  in  this  country  the  cultivation  of  the  po 
tato  and  the  spinning  of  flax.  They  were  eminently  men 
of  energy,  independence  and  a  bluff  honesty,  and  of  them 
were  the  first  settlers  of  Manchester  in  1722. 

Till  then  the  territory  of  the  latter  town  had  been  occu 
pied  by  Indian  tribes,  of  whom  the  Namaoskeags,  who  were 
subject  to  the  Pennacooks,  dwelt  around  Amoskeag  Falls. 


EARLY  HISTORY:  1622-1751.  11 

Namaoskeag  —  the  place  of  much  fish  —  originally  meant 
the  series  of  falls  and  rapids  from  Concord  to  Nashua,  in 
all  of  which  fish  had  abounded,  but  the  latter  at  length 
were  found  in  plenty  only  at  Amoskeag  and  the  name  was 
therefore  restricted  to  that  place.  Here  the  Rev.  John 
Eliot,  the  "Apostle  to  the  Indians,"  preached  about  1651 ; 
here,  later,  Simon  Betogkom,  a  Christian  Indian,  exhorted 
his  fellows  ;  and  here  were  supported  by  the  converted  sav 
ages  the  first  preaching  and  school  in  the  state  north  of 
Exeter.  The  river  at  this  point  overflowed,  in  the  season, 
with  salmon,  shad,  alewives  and  lamprey-eels  going  up  the 
river  to  spawn ;  the  alewives  vanishing  in  the  small  rivu 
lets  above  the  Falls,  the  eels  seeking  the  pebbly  bottoms, 
the  salmon  and  shad  separating  at  the  forks  at  Franklin 
to  ascend,  the  one  the  Pemigewasset  and  the  other  the 
Winnipisseogee. 

These  fisheries  the  proprietors  of  Londonderry  had 
meant  to  secure  in  their  grant,  but  their  ignorance  of  the 
country  made  their  surveys  faulty,  and  a  strip  of  land  be 
tween  the  then  line  of  Chester  and  the  Merrimack,  a  little 
over  a  mile  wide  and  eight  miles  in  length,  extending  from 
what  is  now  Hooksett  to  Fjitchfield,  was  left  outside  of  any 
provincial  grant.  This  piece  of  land,  on  which  the  mills 
and  stores  of  Manchester  stand  to-day,  was  called  Harry- 
town. 

In  1722,  John  Goffe,  jr.,  and  his  brothers-in-law,  Edward 
Lingfield  and  Benjamin  Kidder,  men  from  Massachusetts 
who  were  related  to  the  Londonderry  settlers,  built  for 
themselves  houses  on  Cohas  brook,  being  the  first  known 
inhabitants  within  the  present  city.  Goffe  lived  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  brook  nearly  opposite  the  falls  to  which 
he  has  left  his  name.  As  early  as  1729  people  from  Mas 
sachusetts  had  made  settlements  upon  the  ungranted  land 
near  Amoskeag  Falls  and,  to  establish  the  right  of  London 
derry  to  the  place,  in  1733  Archibald  Stark  (the  father  of 


12  MANCHESTER. 

the  Revolutionary  hero),  John  McNeil  and  John  Riddell 
(as  the  name  was  then  spelt)  went  from  that  town  to  oc 
cupy  lands  near  the  Falls,  Stark  settling  upon  the  "Stark 
place,"  McNeil  upon  the  "Kidder  farm,"  and  Riddell  upon 
the  "Ray  farm."  These  were  the  first  known  white  settlers 
near  Amoskeag  Falls. 

All  the  New  Hampshire  settlements  had  been  usurped  in 
1658  by  Massachusetts,  but  in  1679  New  Hampshire  was 
made  a  royal  province.  In  1686,  however,  it  was  united 
with  the  rest  of  the  colonies  into  New  England  and  made 
a  province  subordinate  to  Massachusetts  authority.  In 
1733  seven  tracts  of  land  in  New  Hampshire  were  granted 
to  soldiers  in  the  Narragansett  War  of  1675  under  the 
name  of  "Narragansett  townships."  The  southeastern  part 
of  Narragansett  No.  IY  included  the  village  of  Amoskeag 
and  was  the  fourth  grant  of  land  within  the  limits  of  Man 
chester.  Narragansett  No.  V  included  what  is  now  Piscata- 
quog  village  and  was  the  fifth  grant.  In  1735  Massachu 
setts  granted  also  a  tract  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Merrimack,  three  miles  wide  and  extending  from  Suncook 
to  Litchfield,  to  Major  Ephraim  Hildreth,  John  Shepley  and 
other  soldiers  who  had  fought  the  Indians  in  1703  under 
Captain  William  Tyng,  in  whose  honor  the  place  was 
named  Tyngstown.  It  included  the  old  Harrytown  and 
was  the  sixth  grant  within  Manchester's  limits.  Major 
Hildreth,  in  1735  or  1736,  built  upon  the  Cohas,  a  little 
east  of  Harvey's  mills,  a  saw-mill,  the  first  mill  of  any 
kind  in  Manchester.  A  settlement  grew  up  there,  and  a 
meeting-house  was  built  in  the  vicinity  which  was  after 
wards  destroyed  by  sparks  from  burning  wToods.  But  the 
feuds  between  the  New  England  Puritans  and  the  Scotch 
Presbyterians  prevented  the  permanent  establishment  of 
church  or  school. 

During  all  this  time  there  had  been  continual  contro 
versy  as  to  the  boundary  line  between  New  Hampshire  and 


EARLY  HISTORY:  1622-1751.  13 

Massachusetts,  which  was  settled  in  1740  by  cutting  off 
from  Massachusetts  twenty-six  townships  which  she  had 
claimed  as  hers,  among  which  was  Tyngstown.  The  next 
year  New  Hampshire  was  made  a  separate  province  and 
Benning  Wentworth  governor. 

In  the  French  and  Indian  War,  which  began  in  1746 
and  was  concluded  by  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  in 
1748,  the  settlers  took  a  worthy  part,  building  a  fort  at  the 
outlet  of  what  is  now  Nutt's  pond,  a  place  central  to  the 
three  settlements  at  Amoskeag,  Goffe's  Falls  and  what  are 
now  Webster's  mills.  At  the  latter  place  John  McMurphy 
and  his  son  Alexander  had  built  in  1742  a  saw-mill,  with 
some  idea  that  iron  ore  might  be  mined  in  that  vicinity. 

In  1746  Captain  Mason  sold  his  claim  to  a  number  of 
men,  who  gave  up  the  title  to  their  lands  in  incorporated 
towns,  but  the  people  of  Harrytown  and  the  Narragansett 
townships  were  obliged  to  pay  them  a  small  sum.  About 
this  time  the  settlers  on  this  ungranted  tract  became  desir 
ous  of  living  in  a  town  of  their  own,  and,  as  it  was  too 
small  to  make  a  township  without  additions,  the  latter  were 
obtained  by  subtraction  from  others  adjacent.  So,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  governor  and  council,  September  3,  1751,  a 
charter  was  granted,  under  the  name  of  Derryfield,  to  a  ter 
ritory  which  enclosed  eighteen  square  miles  of  the  south 
west  part  of  Chester,  nine  square  miles  of  the  northwest 
part  of  Londonderry,  and  eight  square  miles  of  Harry- 
town,  thirty-five  miles  in  all,  making  a  township  of  irregu 
lar  shape  and  various  soils.  The  north  part  of  Harrytown, 
called  Henrysburg  or  Henrysborough,  was  left  ungranted 
but  was  annexed  in  1792.  The  charter  was  written  in  the 
name  of  the  king  of  England,  George  II,  and  signed  by 
the  governor,  Benning  Wentworth.  The  name  of  Derry 
field  is  said  to  have  been  given  to  the  new  township  be 
cause  the  people  of  Derry  had  been  used  to  pasture  their 
cows  within  it. 


DERRYFIELD, 

1751 — 1810. 


HE  first  meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  new-born 
town  was  held  September  9,  1751,  at  the  house  of 
John  Hall,  a  tavern-keeper  living  at  what  is  now 
known  as  "Manchester  Centre,"  and  in  that  vicinity  they 
continued  to  assemble  till  1840.  At  that  meeting  were 
chosen  five  selectmen,  a  town-clerk,  two  auditors,  a  con 
stable,  two  tithing-men,  two  surveyors  of  highways,  two 
invoice  men,  two  haywards,  two  doorkeepers,  a  culler  of 
staves  and  a  surveyor  of  lumber.  Between  the  third  day 
of  March  and  the  twenty-second  of  the  next  February 
eleven  roads  were  laid  out,  of  which  eight  were  wholly  or 
in  part  new. 

The  Seven  Years'  War,  between  the  British  and  French, 
began  in  1754  and  lasted  till  1761,  and  in  it  the  men  of 
Derryfield  bore  a  prominent  part,  the  "Rangers,"  under 
command  of  Col.  John  Goffe,  Capt.  Robert  Rogers  and 
Capt.  John  Stark,  being  especially  noted.  It  is  a  curious 
fact  that  Col.  Goffe's  men,  dressed  in  odd  clothes,  wearing 
their  hair  long  or  tied  in  queues,  their  heads  protected  by 
woolen  nightcaps,  suggested  to  Dr.  Shackburg,  a  surgeon 
in  the  British  regular  army,  the  idea  of  writing  to  a  tune 
called  "  Nankey  Doodle,"  which  had  come  down  from 
Cromwell's  time,  a  song  in  derision  of  these  nondescripts, 
changing  "Nankey"  to  "Yankey"  and  thus  originating  the 
title  of  the  popular  air  of  to-day. 


16  MANCHESTER. 

At  the  close  of  this  war  a  day  of  rest  and  prosperity, 
dawned  upon  the  New  England  colonies,  though  its  light 
was  faint  in  Derryfield.  Its  settlers  were  enticed  from 
their  farms  by  the  fisheries,  the  thrift  which  belongs  to 
agriculture  was  wanting,  and  the  Scotch  Presbyterians  and 
English  Puritans,  whose  union  the  war  had  cemented, 
broke  apart  and  quarreled.  At  the  town-meeting  in  1751 
money  had  been  appropriated  to  pay  for  preaching,  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  a  preacher  was  hired.  At  a  meeting 
in  1753  certain  barns  were  designated  as  places  of  worship 
and  a  call  was  extended  to  Alexander  McDowell,  but  he 
seems  to  have  made  no  reply.  In  1754  the  town  voted  to 
build  a  meeting-house  at  the  Centre.  The  frame  was  put 
up  in  1758  and  from  that  time  till  1766  there  was  a  con 
tinual  quarrel  about  the  support  of  preaching  and  the  loca 
tion  of  the  house.  The  popular  feeling  was  deeply  stirred 
and  the  resolves  of  one  meeting  were  vetoed  at  the  next. 
This  condition  of  affairs  bore  its  natural  fruit  in  a  depopu 
lation  of  the  town,  there  having  been  a  decrease  of  one-fifth 
of  the  polls  in  the  year  which  ended  with  March,  1766. 

At  the  town-meeting  which  was  held  on  the  third  day  of 
that  month  the  party  which  favored  the  existing  location 
of  the  meeting-house  gathered  in  force  with  extreme  punc 
tuality  and  "went  through  the  motions"  in  great  haste, 
electing  their  own  officers  and  then  adjourning.  When 
the  other  faction  came  upon  the  scene  and  learned  what 
had  happened,  they  also  elected  a  full  set  of  officers,  claim 
ing  the  previous  proceedings  illegal.  This  of  necessity 
caused  confusion,  and  the  state  legislature  of  that  year, 
upon  petition  of  a  number  of  the  citizens  of  Derryfield, 
passed  a  bill  vacating  the  town-meetings  of  that  year  and 
ordering  a  special  meeting  on  the  thirteenth  of  August. 
At  that  time  the  party  before  victorious  again  triumphed, 
but,  at  a  special  meeting  held  December  22,  their  opponents 
carried  the  day  and  refused  to  vote  money  for  preaching  or 
for  anything  else. 


DERRYFIELD:   1751-1810.  17 

This  added  to  the  trouble,  bat  at  the  town-meeting  held 
March  2,  1767,  a  compromise  was  probably  made  and  a 
reconciliation  effected  between  the  two  factions.  Even 
during  this  sorry  quarrel  preaching  had  been  maintained  a 
part  of  each  year,  and  in  1773  it  was  voted  to  hire  the  Rev. 
George  Gilmore,  but  he  neglected  to  reply  to  the  invita 
tion.  The  meeting-house,  which  by  this  time  had  been 
partially  finished,  was  repaired  in  1790  and  the  pews  were 
sold.  In  1792  the  space  in  the  gallery  was  sold  but  pews 
were  never  built  in  it  and  the  building  was  never  finished 
for  a  meeting-house.  When  the  village  on  the  river,  which 
the  Amoskeag  Company  started,  grew  up,  it  was  voted  to 
hold  the  town-meetings  there,  and  the  old  house,  in  which 
the  town  had  so  long  held  its  religious  and  secular  meet 
ings,  was  sold  and  converted  into  a  dwelling-house.  It  is 
still  standing  next  to  the  burying-ground  on  the  road 
through  the  Centre. 

In  1771  New  Hampshire  was  divided  into  five  counties, 
and  Derryfield  was  attached  to  one  of  them  called  Hills- 
borough  in  honor  of  Willis  Hills,  Earl  of  Hillsborough  and 
a  member  of  the  privy  council  of  George  III.  All  the 
courts  had  hitherto  been  held  at  Portsmouth,  but  now  Am- 
herst  was  made  a  shire  town,  and  courts  of  general  ses 
sions,  common  pleas  and  probate  established.  The  Hon. 
Samuel  Blodget  of  Derryfield,  to  be  widely  known  after 
wards  as  the  projector  and  builder  of  the  Blodget  canal, 
was  made  a  "justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the 
peace  for  Hillsborough  county." 

Derryfield  shared  with  the  rest  of  the  country  the  inspi 
rations  of  tyranny  and  insult  which  aroused  the  colonists 
to  the  Revolutionary  War  in  1775,  and  endured,  besides, 
provocations  peculiar  to  itself  and  its  vicinity.  When  the 
lands  of  New  Hampshire  were  first  granted,  all  the  white 
pine  trees,  from  fifteen  to  thirty-six  inches  in  diameter, 
were  reserved  by  the  king  to  make  masts  for  the  royal 


18  MANCHESTER. 

navy.  The  trees  which  then  grew  in  the  valley  of  the 
Piscataquog  river  were  well  adapted  for  this  purpose,  one 
having  gained  in  tradition  the  fame  of  such  a  size  as  to  al 
low  a  yoke  of  oxen  to  be  driven  on  its  stump.  The  busi 
ness  of  cutting  and  hauling  them  became  so  extensive  that 
the  "Mast  road"  was  built  up  -the  Piscataquog,  through 
Goffstown  and  Weare,  branching  into  New  Boston.  The 
laws  of  the  province  compelled  all  land-owners,  before 
they  cut  their  timber,  to  have  marked  by  the  appointed 
officer  the  trees  which  belonged  to  the  king.  If  this  were 
neglected,  all  the  timber  they  cut  that  year  was  forfeited, 
and  thus  men  who  were  unable  to  pay  the  surveyor  were 
deprived  in  a  moment  of  the  results  of  a  winter's  work. 

When  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  in  1775 
reached  Derryfield,  such  was  the  state  of  popular  feeling 
that  the  selectmen  and  thirty-four  out  of  thirty-six  men 
who  were  able  to  bear  arms  went  at  once  to  the  war,  leav 
ing  but  two  at  home  with  the  old  and  infirm.  The  records 
of  the  Revolutionary  War  relate  the  deeds  of  the  men  of 
Derryfield  at  Bunker  Hill,  Trenton,  Princeton,  Bennington, 
Saratoga,  West  Point  and  in  various  expeditions  till  the 
siege  of  Yorktown.  Captain  John  Stark  and  his  men  were 
immortalized  by  their  victory  at  Bennington,  for  which  the 
former  was  made  a  brigadier-general  by  the  Continental 
Congress.  The  signing  of  the  articles  of  peace  in  1783 
was  celebrated  on  the  tenth  of  July  by  a  general  merry 
making  at  Amoskeag  Falls. 

At  the  beginning  of  trouble  in  1775  Gov.  Wentworth, 
departing  the  province,  left  the  people  to  govern  them 
selves  ;  and  the  inhabitants  of  Hillsborough  county,  meet 
ing  by  delegates  at  Amherst,  formed  a  system  of  govern 
ment  for  the  county,  appointing  men  to  act  as  justices  of 
the  peace  and  establishing  a  court  of  justice  to  be  held  at 
Amherst.  Derryfield  was  governed  under  this  system  till 
the  formation  of  the  state  government  by  a  convention  of 


DERRYFIELD:  1751-1810.  19 

delegates  at  Exeter  in  1776.  The  latter  was  amended  in 
different  ways  till  the  establishment  of  a  permanent  sys 
tem  in  1793.  By  this  last  Derryfield  was  classed  with 
Litchfield  for  the  choice  of  a  representative  to  the  legisla 
ture  and  at  a  joint  meeting  held  March  25,  1793,  Major 
John  Webster  of  Derryfield  was  chosen  the  first  represen 
tative  and  it  was  voted  to  hold  the  annual  meetings  in  each 
town  alternately,  and  in  Derryfield  at  the  present  residence 
of  John  P.  Moore. 

The  taxes  which  the  war  had  imposed  had  been  too  bur 
densome  to  allow  a  large  expenditure  for  preaching,  but  at 
its  close  returning  thrift  and  regard  for  education  and  mo 
rality  were  marked  at  the  March  meeting  in  1784  by  a  lib 
eral  appropriation  for  preaching  and  schooling,  and  it  was 
voted  to  divide  the  town  into  four  school  districts.  From 
that  time  till  the  mills  were  built  on  the  Merrimack  the 
town  made  a  continual  advance.  The  state  assessed  in 
1791  a  tax  upon  the  towns  for  educational  purposes,  but 
not  until  1795  was  there  a  school-house  in  Derryfield,  when 
one  was  built  by  private  subscription  on  what  was  then  the 
Falls  road  just  in  the  rear  of  the  present  residence  of  the 
Hon.  David  Cross.  In  1798  the  town  voted  to  buy  that 
house  and  build  two  more,  and  in  1809  the  districts  were 
re-made  and  a  house  built  at  the  Centre. 

In  1788  Derryfield  cast  her  vote,  in  common  with  the 
whole  country,  for  George  Washington  for  President  of 
the  United  States.  In  1792  a  number  of  men  formed  a 
corporation  as  the  proprietors  of  the  Amoskeag  bridge,  and 
the  bridge  was  completed  in  September  of  that  year.  It 
crossed  the  Merrimack  at  the  foot  of  Bridge  street  and  was 
known  as  u  McGregor's  bridge,"  from  Robert  McGregor 
who  lived  just  across  the  river  in  Goffstown.  The  same 
year  Henrysburg  was  annexed  and  the  town  was  visited  by 
the  small-pox. 

In  1793   the   Hon.   Samuel    Blodget,  who  was  born  at 


20  MANCHESTER. 

Woburn,  Mass.,  April  1,  172  i,  who  had  been  a  sutler  in 
the  colonial  wars  and  the  Revolution,  a  judge  of  the  court 
of  Common  pleas  and  a  merchant  with  extensive  business 
connections,  took  up  his  residence  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Merrimack  near  Amoskeag  Falls.  He  had  conceived  the 
idea  of  building  around  the  latter  a  canal  through  which 
might  be  carried  to  market  vast  quantities  of  lumber  from 
the  forests  which  grew  on  the  banks  of  the  river.  He  be 
gan  work  upon  it  May  2,  1794,  building  a  basin  from  a 
point  above  the  Falls  to  another  nearly  opposite  the  resi 
dence  of  Samuel  B.  Kidder,  and  extending  the  canal  thence 
to  a  point  near  the  upper  end  of  the  Amoskeag  Company's 
machine-shop.  He  lost  time  and  money  in  a  vain  attempt 
to  make  practicable  a  lock  of  his  own  invention,  and  it  was 
not  until  May  1,  1807,  having  spent  all  his  own  fortune 
and  what  money  he  could  raise  by  lotteries,  that  he  saw 
his  work  done.  He  died  on  the  first  day  of  September  of 
the  same  year,  and  his  canal,  passing  into  the  hands  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Middlesex  canal,  was  of  great  benefit  till 
the  railroad  destroyed  its  usefulness  and  it  went  to  decay. 

Judge  Blodget  was  a  far-sighted  man.  He  invited  Bos 
ton  capitalists  to  build  in  Derryfield  the  mills  which  others 
erected  thirty  years  after,  and,  in  anticipation  of  their  con 
struction,  he  bought  the  clay  lands  where  the  well  known 
Hooksett  brick  are  made  to-day.  It  is  well  written  on  his 
monument  in  the  Valley  Cemetery  that  he  was  "the  pioneer 
of  internal  improvements  in  New  Hampshire." 

In  1795  a  number  of  citizens  associated  themselves  to 
form  a  social  library  and  in  1799  they  were  incorporated 
as  "The  Proprietors  of  the  Social  Library  in  Derryfield," 
when  they  had  seventy-eight  books,  but  the  organization 
was  subsequently  dissolved. 

The  town  voted  in  1800  to  build  a  pound  at  the  south 
end  of  the  meeting-house  lot  at  the  Centre,  which  was  used 
till  1880.  In  1804  town-meeting  day  was  changed  from 


DERRYFIELD:  1751-1810.  21 

the  first  Monday  in  March  to  the  second  Tuesday.  In  1806 
the  town  was  divided  into  highway  districts  which  remained 
the  same  till  the  adoption  of  the  city  charter  in  1846. 

It  had  been  proposed  to  build  locks  on  Cohas  brook  to 
make  it  possible  to  float  through  it,  to  the  Merrimack,  the 
lumber  which  grew  around  Massabesic  pond,  and  in  1803 
the  town  voted  to  petition  the  legislature  for  an  act  of  in 
corporation  to  allow  it  to  carry  out  the  plan.  The  act  was 
obtained,  but  in  1806  the  town  voted  to  leave  the  enter 
prise  to  private  individuals,  and  the  next  year  took  five 
shares  of  stock  in  the  enterprise,  after  which  there  is  no 
record  of  it. 

March  13,  1810,  when  the  population  of  the  town  was 
six  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  the  first  mill  had  just  been 
built  upon  the  river  at  Amoskeag,  the  town  chose  Thomas 
Stickney,  John  G.  Moor  and  Amos  Weston  a  committee  to 
petition  the  legislature  to  change  the  name  of  Derryfield  to 
Manchester,  and  the  request  was  complied  with  at  the  June 
session  of  that  year.  The  new  name  was  chosen  in  compli 
ment  to  Judge  Blodget,  who  had  said  the  town  would  be 
come  "the  Manchester  of  America."  Mr.  Weston  was  the 
father  of  the  presant  governor  of  the  state  and  mayor  of 
the  city  —  the  Hon.  James  A.  Weston. 


MANCHESTER— A  TOWN. 


1810 — 1846. 


record  has  thus  far  been  of  the  natural  growth 
of  a  town  from  causes  which  it  possessed  in  com 
mon  with  others,  but  is  henceforth  of  such  growth 
stimulated  by  foreign  enterprise.  In  the  early  part  of  1809 
Benjamin  Prichard,  with  Ephraim,  David  and  Robert  Ste 
vens,  built  on  the  west  side  of  Amoskeag  Falls,  in  what 
was  then  Goffstown,  a  small  mill,  and,  finding  the  burden 
too  heavy  for  individual  enterprise,  formed  the  next  year  a 
joint  stock  company.  This  held  its  first  meeting  January 
31,  1810,  as  "The  Proprietors  of  the  Amoskeag  Cotton  & 
Wool  Factory,"  and  was  incorporated  in  June  of  that  year 
as  the  "Amoskeag  Cotton  and  Woolen  Manufacturing  Com 
pany."  Its  mill  was  forty  feet  square  and  two  stories  high. 
There  was  then  no  picker  and  the  cotton  was  ginned  in  the 
neighborhood  at  four  cents  a  pound.  The  machinery  con 
sisted  only  of  spindles,  and  the  yarns,  at  once  the  com 
pany's  dividends,  the  officers'  salaries  and  the  operatives' 
wages,  were  either  sold  as  they  were  spun  or  woven  for  the 
company  by  the  housewives  of  the  town. 

The  machinery  ran  till  1816  and  then  stood  still  till 
1822,  when  Olney  Robinson  of  Rhode  Island  bought  the 
property  and  resumed  business,  being  soon  succeeded  by 
Larned  Pitcher  and  Samuel  Slater  of  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  In 
1825  they  sold  three-fifths  to  Willard  Sayles  and  Lyman 
Tiffany,  of  the  firm  of  Sayles,  Tiffany  &  Hkchcock, — now 


24  MANCHESTER. 

Gardner  Brewer  &  Co., —  Dr.  Oliver  Dean  and  Ira  Gay. 
Dr.  Dean  became  the  agent  of  the  company,  coming  to 
Amoskeag  in  1826,  when  a  new  mill,  called  the  "bell  mill," 
and  another  on  an  adjacent  island,  were  built.  Thus  be 
gan  an  enterprise  which  assumed  definite  shape  in  1831  by 
the  incorporation  of  the  "  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Com 
pany."  It  bought  the  land  for  some  distance  on  both  sides 
of  the  river  and  subsequently  gave  it  away  or  sold  it  to 
actual  settlers,  thus  building  a  village.  Controlling  the 
water-power,  it  leased  mill-sites  to  new  corporations  and 
thus  added  fresh  stimulus  to  the  growth  already  begun. 

Manchester  furnished  its  quota  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
in  1815,  after  having  made  one  vain  request  in  1811,  was 
allowed  by  the  legislature  to  be  represented  in  that  body 
by  itself,  instead  of  being  classed  with  other  towns,  and 
March  12,  1816,  Isaac  Huse  was  chosen  as  the  first  repre 
sentative  under  the  new  allotment. 

The  year  1821  is  remarkable  for  the  first  known  murder 
committed  by  a  citizen  of  Manchester  and  recognized  by 
the  judicial  authorities.  On  the  fourth  day  of  October  of 
that  year  Daniel  D.  Farmer  of  Manchester  murdered  a 
worthless  woman  of  Goffstown  named  Anna  Ayer,  by 
striking  her  on  the  head  in  a  sudden  fit  of  anger.  He 
was  arrested  and  committed  to  jail,  and,  by  the  court  at 
Amherst  in  October,  was  found  guilty  and  sentenced  to  be 
hung.  The  sentence  was  executed  January  23,  1822. 

Major  General  John  Stark,  the  hero  of  the  Revolution, 
died  May  8,  1822,  aged  nearly  ninety-four  years.  He  was 
buried  in  the  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  people,  with 
military  honors,  in  a  private  cemetery  on  the  "Stark  place," 
and  the  family  erected  over  his  remains  a  plain  granite 
shaft.  Thither  the  survivors  of  the  late  War  of  the  Re 
bellion  make  annual  pilgrimage  when  they  decorate  the 
graves  of  their  departed  companions  in  arms. 

About  this  time  the  project  of  building  the  Mammoth 


o 

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THE  TOWN:  1810-1846.  25 

road  sprang  into  existence,  and  with  it  a  controversy  which 
delayed  its  completion  almost  till  it  was  made  of  little  com 
parative  value  by  the  construction  of  the  Concord  railway. 
It  was  intended  for  a  more  direct  route  from  Concord  to 
Lowell,  was  wanted  by  those  towns,  by  several  others  and 
by  the  stage  proprietors,  but  was  opposed  by  Manchester 
and  Londonderry  because  it  would  subject  them  to  ex 
pense  and  would  be  of  no  benefit  to  them.  The  road  was 
first  suggested  in  town-meeting  in  1823,  when  an  article 
authorizing  its  construction  was  voted  down.  It  was  ad 
vocated  again  and  again  and  was  as  often  successfully  op 
posed  till  1830,  when  the  court  ordered  the  town  to  build  it. 
It  was  not,  however,  till  1834,  after  the  court  had  threat 
ened  summary  measures,  that  the  town  complied. 

In  1829  the  town  voted  to  divide  the  literary  fund  among 
the  school  districts  and  let  each  choose  its  own  prudential 
committee.  In  1834  the  small-pox  made  some  stir,  and  in 
1836  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  convert  the  old 
meeting-house  into  a  town-house. 

On  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  October,  1838,  occurred  the 
first  of  four  public  sales  of  land  by  which  the  Amoskeag 
Company  disposed  of  its  possessions  to  men  who  were  the 
builders  of  the  coming  city.  Some  streets  had  been  laid 
out  already  in  this  vicinity,  but  there  were  graded  only 
Elm  street  from  Central  to  Lowell,  and  Chestnut  and  Pine 
from  Manchester  to  Lowell.  The  land  which  now  is  en 
closed  in  Merrimack  and  Concord  squares  was  reserved, 
and  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  lots  were  sold  between 
Elm,  Lowell,  Union  and  Hanover  streets.  The  sound  of 
hammer  and  saw  was  at  once  heard,  and  in  January,  1839, 
Mrs.  Anna  Heyes  of  Londonderry  built  the  first  private 
house  on  the  Company's  land  in  the  city  proper,  standing 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  Concord  and  Chestnut  streets. 
In  this  year  and  the  next  were  built  several  of  the  blocks 
on  Elm  street,  the  Manchester  House,  the  "  Governor  Bell 


26  MANCHESTER. 

house,"  the  one  which  was  once  owned  by  the  Stark  Mills 
and  occupied  by  its  agent  and  now  used  as  the  Roman 
Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  the  First  Congregational  church 
and  several  other  buildings  on  Hanover  street. 

At  the  annual  "Goffstown  muster,"  September  24,  1839, 
Jeremiah  Johnson,  a  member  of  the  Manchester  Rifle  Com 
pany,  was  killed  in  a  general  quarrel  by  Elbridge  Ford. 
The  latter  was  tried  the  next  year,  found  guilty  of  man 
slaughter  and  sentenced  to  the  state  prison  for  five  years, 
but  was  pardoned  at  the  end  of  three. 

During  the  summer  of  1839  the  number  of  people  and 
houses  had  largely  increased  on  account  of  the  Amoskeag 
Company's  first  sale,  and  prices  at  the  second,  which  oc 
curred  October  8,  1839,  were  much  higher.  The  land  sold 
was  included  between  Elm,  Hanover,  Union  and  Merri- 
mack  streets. 

After  this  second  sale  the  village  assumed  such  propor 
tions  that  it  soon  became  patent  that  the  old  regulations 
were  ill  adapted  to  existing  needs,  and  at  a  special  meet 
ing,  October  26,  1839,  it  was  voted  to  establish  a  system 
of  police  and  a  board  of  health,  and  to  take  measures  for 
protection  against  fire.  The  "new  village,"  as  the  settle 
ment  upon  the  Company's  land  was  now  called,  was  allowed 
to  nominate  the  fire-wards.  The  latter  organized  and 
bought  a  fire-engine  called  "Merrimack  No.  1,"  and  the 
first  engine-house  was  built  on  Vine  street.  There  was 
already  in  town  an  engine  which  was  owned  by  the  Stark 
Mills,  and,  as  early  as  1818,  one  had  been  bought  by  Piscat- 
aquog  village,  then  a  part  of  Bedford. 

In  1839  was  established  by  John  Caldwell  "The  Repre 
sentative,"  the  first  newspaper  published  in  Manchester. 
It  was  a  Democratic  paper  and  its  first  number  was  issued 
October  18,  and  it  appeared  on  subsequent  Fridays  till 
1842  when  it  was  sold  and  merged  with  "The  Manchester 
Democrat."  In  this  year  the  first  police  officers  were  ap 
pointed,  four  in  number. 


THE  TOWN:  1810-1846.  27 

The  ill  feeling  between  the  dwellers  in  the  old  town  and 
those  in  the  new  reached  its  height  at  the  March  meeting 
of  1840,  when  thirty  constables  had  to  be  chosen  to  keep 
order  before  the  other  town  officers  could  be  elected. 
There  were  two  sets  of  candidates,  representing  thus  the 
old  town  and  the  new.  The  latter  carried  the  day,  and 
thereafter  held  the  reins  of  government. 

In  1840,  the  Lowell-street  Universalist  church,  the  First 
Baptist  church  (which  stood  on  the  corner  of  Manchester 
and  Chestnut  streets  till  swept  off  by  the  fire  of  1870),  a 
wooden  chapel  on  Hanover  street  for  the  Second  Methodist 
Episcopal  society,  and  Granite  bridge,  were  built ;  the  Am- 
oskeag  Insurance  Company  was  started ;  "The  Memorial" 
newspaper,  and  the  "Manchester  Workman,"  a  campaign 
paper,  were  established  by  J.  C.  Emerson;  the  town  was  di 
vided  by  the  selectmen  into  nine  school  districts ;  another 
small-pox  excitement  produced  a  general  vaccination  ;  and 
Elm,  Bridge,  Lowell,  Concord,  Amherst,  Hanover,  Man 
chester,  Pine  and  Chestnut  streets  were  laid  out  as  far  as 
they  extended  upon  the  Company's  land.  The  population 
then  was  three  thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty-five. 

In  1841  the  first  town-meeting  was  held  in  the  new  vil 
lage  in  a  hall  on  Amherst  street.  During  this  year  the 
town  voted  to  accept  a  deed  of  the  Valley  cemetery  from 
the  Amoskeag  Company  and  bought  of  the  latter  for  twen 
ty-four  hundred  dollars  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and 
Market  streets  where  the  city  hall  now  stands.  The  same 
year  a  town-house  was  built  upon  it  at  a  cost  of  seventeen 
thousand  dollars.  There  were  erected  this  year  a  large 
number  of  buildings,  including  school-houses  in  districts 
number  three  and  four  and  what  is  now  the  old  high-school 
house  on  Lowell  street,  the  Freewill  Baptist  church  on  the 
corner  of  Merrimack  and  Chestnut  streets,  and  Union 
building  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Market  streets,  which 
was  the  first  one  built  by  private  individuals  on  the  Com- 


28  MANCHESTER. 

pany's  land  west  of  Elm  street.  There  was  bought  this 
year  for  a  town  farm  the  land  of  Moses  Davis,  which  forms 
a  part  of  the  present  farm,  and  there  were  laid  out  Vine 
street,  parts  of  Merrimack,  Union  and  Orange  streets,  and 
several  back  streets. 

In  1842  the  first  town-meeting  was  held  in  the  new  town- 
house,  when  it  was  voted  to  build  reservoirs  for  fire  pur 
poses  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Hanover  streets  and  on 
Lowell  street  in  front  of  Isaac  Riddle's  house.  At  this 
time  the  custom  of  printing  the  annual  town  reports  was 
begun.  In  this  year  were  built  school-houses  in  districts 
number  six  and  nine,  a  hook-and-ladder  house  where  the 
Franklin  street  church  now  stands,  and  the  Amoskeag 
Falls  bridge ;  and  the  Second  Methodist  Episcopal  society, 
which  had  sold  to  the  Unitarian  society  its  wooden  chapel 
on  Hanover  street,  built  a  brick  church  on  Elm  street. 
This  year  was  marked  also  by  an  especially  liberal  appro 
priation  for  schools,  by  the  organization  of  the  Manchester 
Lyceum  to  provide  annual  lecture-courses,  and  by  the  trial- 
trip  of  the  Concord  railway,  which  occurred  June  28,  the 
road  being  opened  to  the  public  on  the  fourth  of  the  next 
month.  In  this  year  was  established  by  W.  H.  Kimball  and 
Joseph  Kidder  "The  Manchester  Democrat,"  and  several 
other  newspapers  were  started  this  year  and  the  next 
whose  lease  of  life  was  shorter. 

In  1843  there  was  a  temperance  agitation  and  the  town 
appointed  a  liquor-agent  and  instructed  the  selectmen  to 
prosecute  all  violators  of  the  license  law,  but  the  interest 
in  the  matter  was  temporary  and  the  prosecutions  were 
few.  This  year  the  town  voted  to  fit  up  a  house  on  the 
town  farm  as  a  house  of  correction  and  decided  to  build  the 
"  Hooksett  road."  The  Episcopal  society  built  a  wooden 
church,  then  known  as  St.  Michael's,  on  the  corner  of  Low 
ell  and  Pine  streets,  which  has  since  given  place  to  one  of 
stone  called  Grace  church. 


THE  TOWN:   1810-1846.  29 

The  year  1844  was  an  important  one  in  the  town's  life. 
The  Manchester  Atheneum  —  the  nucleus  of  the  public 
library  —  was  organized  ;  the  legislature  passed  a  bill  to  al 
low  the  October  term,  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  to  be 
held  in  the  town  ;  the  custom  of  ringing  the  bell  on  the 
town-house  as  a  summons  to  school  was  established  ;  the 
Unitarian  society,  which  had  bought  of  the  Methodists 
their  chapel  on  Hanover  street,  moved  it  to  the  corner  of 
Pine  and  Merrimack  streets  and  there  established  worship ; 
and  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  September  the  third  land  sale 
of  the  Amoskeag  Company  took  place,  when  the  tract 
bounded  by  Elm,  Merrimack,  Union  and  Park  streets  was 
sold  at  prices  in  advance  of  those  of  the  previous  sales. 
On  the  twelfth  of  August  the  town-house  was  burned,  and 
in  less  than  three  weeks  the  town  voted  to  build  another  on 
the  same  spot.  Carelessness  kindled  the  lire,  and,  taught 
wisdom  by  its  loss,  the  town  voted  to  buy  two  new  fire- 
engines,  built  new  reservoirs  and  enlarged  the  old  ones, 
fitted  the  ponds  on  Merrimack  and  Hanover  squares  for  use 
in  case  of  fire,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  consider  the 
sources  of  water  supply.  This  committee  reported,  thirty 
years  before  the  completion  of  the  present  water-works, 
that  there  was  no  water  available  for  fire  purposes  nearer 
than  Massabesic  pond.  The  water  of  the  latter,  however, 
could  not  be  brought  to  the  town  without  subjecting  it  to 
an  expense  at  that  time  beyond  its  means. 

In  the  year  1845  the  town  took  extraordinary  strides  in 
growth,  and  public  improvement  kept  pace.  It  gradually 
assumed  greater  dignity  and  was  fast  ripening  into  a  city. 
The  present  city  hall  was  built  in  October  at  a  cost  of 
thirty-five  thousand  dollars,  after  plans  by  Edward  Shaw  of 
Boston.  In  this  year  a  committee  was  chosen  at  the  town 
meeting  to  count  the  cost  of  a  common  sewer  in  Elm 
street,  a  board  of  engineers  was  established,  the  court  of 
common  pleas  was  held  in  the  town  for  the  first  time,  the 


30  MANCHESTER. 

Hon.  Ira  A.  Eastman  presiding,  and  the  first  town-meeting 
was  held  in  the  present  city  hall.  On  the  thirtieth  of  Sep 
tember  occurred  the  fourth  and  last  extensive  land  sale  of 
the  Amoskeag  Company,  when  the  land  between  Elm,  Low 
ell,  Union  and  Orange  streets  was  put  into  the  market  and 
still  higher  prices  were  obtained.  In  this  year  were  started 
"The  Independent  Democrat,"  which  was  moved  to  Con 
cord  subsequently,  and  the  "Saturday  Messenger,"  which 
was  united  with  "The  American." 

But  the  event  of  all  others  in  this  year  was  known  far 
and  wide  as  the  "Parker  murder."  Jonas  L.  Parker,  who 
had  been  collector  of  taxes  in  1844,  was  enticed  from  his 
house  on  Manchester  street  late  in  the  evening  of  the  twen 
ty-sixth  of  October,  1845,  by  a  man  unknown  to  any  one 
but  Parker,  on  a  plea  that  a  lady  wanted  to  see  him  in 
Janesville  on  urgent  business.  Between  this  village  and 
the  more  thickly  settled  part  of  the  town  was  a  piece  of 
woods,  and  in  them,  near  what  is  now  the  corner  of  Man 
chester  and  Beech  streets,  Parker's  body  was  found  the 
next  morning  with  the  throat  cut  and  other  evidences  of  a 
murder.  Most  of  the  money  he  had  with  him  was  taken. 
The  coroner,  Joseph  M.  Rowell,  summoned  a  jury,  consist 
ing  of  Daniel  Clark,  Dr.  Charles  Wells  and  Dr.  D.  J.  Hoyt, 
who  made  a  careful  examination  of  great  length.  In  1848 
Asa  and  Henry  T.  Wentworth,  brothers,  who  had  been  con 
nected  with  a  Janesville  tavern,  were  arrested  in  Saco, 
Maine,  upon  a  suspicion  of  being  the  murderers,  but  they 
were  discharged  after  an  examination.  In  1850,  however, 
they  were  re-arrested,  brought  to  Manchester  and  arraigned 
together  with  Horace  Wentworth  of  Lowell  and  one  Wil 
liam  C.  Clark.  The  two  latter  were  discharged  after  a 
long  hearing  and  the  others  were  held  to  answer  farther. 
At  the  October  term  of  court,  however,  the  grand  jury 
failed  to  find  a  bill  against  them  and  they  were  discharged, 
and  the  murderer  is  to  this  day  unknown. 


THE  TOWN  :  1810-1846.  31 

In  1846  a  sewor  was  built  through  Elm  street  from 
Bridge  to  Granite,  and  several  more  roads  were  laid  out 
in  the  compact  part  of  the  town.  So  large  an  increase  had 
there  been  in  the  number  of  people  that  the  town  was  able 
to  send  eight  representatives  to  the  general  court.  At  the 
town-meeting  held  on  the  tenth  of  March  a  committee  was 
chosen,  consisting  of  David  Gillis,  Samuel  D.  Bell,  Isaac 
Riddle,  William  C.  Clarke,  John  A.  Burnham,  Luther  Far 
ley  and  Walter  French,  to  petition  the  legislature  for  a  city 
charter  when  they  deemed  it  wise.  They  saw  no  cause  for 
delay,  and  on  the  first  of  June,  in  accordance  with  their 
petition,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  to  incorporate  the 
City  of  Manchester,  which  was  accepted  by  the  town  on 
the  first  of  August  by  a  vote  of  four  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  yeas  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  nays. 

The  first  election  occurred  August  19,  when  there  were 
four  candidates  for  mayor  :  —  Hiram  Brown,  a  Whig  ;  Wil 
liam  C.  Clarke,  a  Democrat ;  Thomas  Brown,  who  was  the 
Abolition  candidate  ;  and  William  Shepherd.  There  were 
cast  eleven  hundred  and  seventy  votes,  and  Hiram  Brown, 
who  received  five  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  lacked  seventeen 
of  the  required  majority.  At  this  meeting,  however,  there 
were  chosen  aldermen,  members  of  the  common  council, 
school  committee,  overseers  of  the  poor  and  assessors.  On 
the  first  day  of  September  a  second  election  for  mayor  took 
place,  when  there  were  four  candidates: — Hiram  Brown, 
a  Whig  ;  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  a  Democrat ;  Thomas  Brown, 
an  Abolitionist ;  and  John  S.  Wiggin.  There  were  cast 
eleven  hundred  and  fifty-four  votes,  and  Hiram  Brown, 
who  received  six  hundred  and  two,  was  chosen  by  twenty- 
four  majority.  The  city  government  was  organized  in  the 
town-house,  September  8,  1846,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  fore 
noon,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  citizens.  Moses 
Fellows,  chairman  of  the  retiring  board  of  selectmen,  pre 
sided,  and  prayer  was  offered  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Wallace, 


32  MANCHESTER. 

the  senior  clergyman  of  the  city,  after  which  the  oath  of 
office  was  administered  by  the  Hon.  Daniel  Clark  to  the 
mayor,  and  he  in  turn  qualified  the  remaining  members  of 
the  city  government.  After  the  delivery  of  an  address  by 
the  mayor,  the  various  boards  met  and  organized  by  them 
selves.  The  Hon.  Samuel  D.  Bell  was  appointed  by  the 
governor  and  council  justice  of  the  police  court,  and  Isaac 
Riddle  and  Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  special  justices,  and  George 
T.  Clark  was  appointed  city  marshal  by  the  mayor  and 
aldermen.  At  that  time  the  valuation  of  the  town  was 
13,187,726;  the  tax-list  for  1846  was  $22,005.95;  the 
number  of  polls,  2056  ;  the  number  of  inhabitants,  10,125. 


THE  TOWN:  1810-1846. 


38 


OFFICERS 


TOWN  OF  MANCHESTER; 


SELECTMEN. 


1751. 

John  Goffe, 
"William  Perham, 
Nathaniel  Boyd, 
Daniel  McNiel, 
Eleazer  Wells. 

1752. 

John  Goflfe, 
Archibald  Stark, 
Alexander  MeMurphy. 

1753. 

William  Perham, 
Alexander  McMurphy, 
John  Kiddell. 

1754. 

William  McClintock, 
Alexander  McMurphy, 
John  Hall. 

1755. 

Daniel  McNiel, 
Robert  Anderson, 
John  Harvey. 

1756. 

Daniel  McNiel, 
Eobert  Anderson, 
John  Harvey. 


1757. 

Eleazer  Bobbins, 
Kobert  Anderson, 
Daniel  McNiel. 

1758. 

William  Perham, 
William  McClintock, 
Abraham  MerriU. 

1759. 

William  Perham, 
William  McClintock, 
Abraham  Merrill. 

1760. 

William  McClintock, 
Hugh  Sterling, 
Abraham  Merrill. 

1761. 

William  Perham, 
John  Hall, 
Thomas  Russ. 

1762. 

William  Perham, 
John  Stark, 
John  Moors. 

1763. 

John  Stark, 
William  McClintock, 
John  Moors. 


Changed  from  Derryfleld  in  1810. 


34 


MANCHESTER. 


1764. 

William  McClintock, 
John  Stark, 
John  Moors. 

1765. 

William  Perham, 
William  McClintock, 
Abraham  Merrill. 

1766. 
*  Alexander  McMurphy, 

Ebenezer  Stevens, 

John  Hall, 
fDavid  McKnight. 

1767. 

Eleazer  Bobbins, 
Alexander  McClintock, 
Nathaniel  Boyd. 

1768. 
John  Hall, 
John  Goffe, 
John.  Harvey. 

1769. 

William  McClintock, 
Alexander  McMurphy, 
John  Moor. 

1770. 

William  McClintock. 
Alexander  McMurphy, 
John  Moor. 

1771. 

William  McClintock, 
Alexander  McMurphy 
John  Moor. 

1772. 

Alexander  McMurphy, 
John  Moor, 
William  McClintock. 

1773. 

John  Stark, 
Samuel  Boyd, 
James  McCalley. 

*Until  Aug.  13. 
fFrora  Ang.  13. 


1774. 

James  McCalley, 
Samuel  Boyd, 
John  Perham. 

1775. 

John  Stark, 
John  Moor, 
Joseph  George. 

1776. 

David  Starrett, 
Ezekiel  Stevens, 
John  Perham. 

1777. 

John  Goffe, 
Ebenezer  Stevens, 
Benjamin  Crombie. 

1778. 
John  Hall, 
Benjamin  Baker, 
Samuel  Boyd. 

1779. 
*David  Starrett, 

John  Perham, 

Samuel  Moor, 
f  Jonathan  Euss. 

1780. 

Jonathan  Buss, 
John  Shelden, 
Samuel  Moor. 

1781. 
John  Hall, 
Samuel  Moor, 
Jonathan  Buss. 

1782. 

Samuel  Moor, 
Jonathan  Buss, 
Joseph  Sanders. 

1783. 

Samuel  Moor, 
Joseph  Sanders, 
Jonathan  Buss. 

*To  July  16,  1779. 
tFroin  July  16. 


THE  TOWN:  1810-1846. 


35 


1784. 

Joseph  Sanders, 
John  Goffe, 
John  Hall. 

1T85. 

John  Goffe,  jr., 
William  Perham, 
Samuel  Stark. 

1786. 

Joseph  Perm  or, 
John  Goffe,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse. 

1787. 

James  Thompson, 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Greene. 

1788. 
John  Hall, 
John  Wehster, 
John  Perham. 

1789. 

James  Thompson, 
John  Green, 
John  Ray. 

1790. 

Isaac  Huse, 
Samuel  Moor, 
John  Stark,  jr. 

1791. 

Isaac  Huse, 
Samuel  Moor, 
John  Stark,  jr. 

1792. 

Daniel  Davis, 
Samuel  Moor, 
John  Stark,  jr. 

1793. 

John  Goffe, 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Webster. 

1794. 

John  Stark,  jr. 
Daniel  Davis, 
Samuel  Moor,  jr. 


1795. 

Daniel  Davis, 
John  Stark,  jr., 
Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
John  Bay, 
John  Perham. 

1796. 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Tufts, 
John  Stark,  jr. 

1797. 

John  Goffe, 
Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Samuel  Blodget. 

1798. 
John  Goffe, 
Daniel  Davis, 
John  Stark. 

1799. 
John  Ray, 
Joseph  Moore, 
Daniel  Davis. 

1800. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
John  Ray, 

Israel  Webster. 

1801. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
John  Ray, 
Israel  Webster. 

1802. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Israel  Webster, 
John  Ray. 

1803. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Israel  Webster, 
John  Stark,  3d. 

1804. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Stark,  3d. 

1805. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Edward  Ray, 
Archibald  Gamble. 


36 


MANCHESTER. 


1806. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Edward  Kay, 
Amos  Weston. 

1807. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Amos  Weston, 
Ed  ward  Kay. 

1808. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Amos  Weston, 
Samuel  Hall. 

1809. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Stark. 

1810. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
Thomas  Stickney, 
Isaac  Huse. 

1811. 

John  Stark,  jr., 
Amos  Weston, 
Israel  Webster. 

1812. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr., 
John  Stark,  jr., 
John  Dickey. 

1813. 

Samuel  Moor, 
Job  Kowell, 
John  Dickey. 

1814. 

Isaac  Huse, 
Israel  Webster, 
John  G.  Moor. 

1815. 

Isaac  Huse, 
Israel  Webster, 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 

1816. 

Isaac  Huse, 
John  Frye, 
John  Stark,  4th. 


1817. 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Stark,  4th, 
John  Dickey. 

1818. 
Isaac  Huse, 
John  Dickey, 
Nathaniel  Moor. 

1819. 

Samuel  Moor, 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr., 
John  Stark,  4th. 

1820. 

Joseph  Moor, 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr., 
Amos  Weston,  jr. 

1821. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr., 
John  Proctor. 

1822. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
John  Proctor, 
Nathaniel  Moor. 

1823. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Nathaniel  Moor, 
John  Proctor. 

1824. ' 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Nathaniel  Moore, 
Isaac  Huse. 

1825. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse, 
Nathaniel  Moore. 

1826. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
Israel  Merrill, 
James  McQueston. 

1827. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Franklin  Moor. 


THE  TOWN  :  1810-1846. 


37 


1828. 

John  Gamble, 
John  Bay, 
Nathaniel  Moore. 

1829. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
Archibald  Stark, 
James  McQueston. 

1830. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
John  Proctor, 
Nathaniel  Conant. 

1831. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
John  Proctor, 
George  Clark. 

1832. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Frederick  G.  Stark, 
George  Clark. 

1833. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
John  Proctor, 
James  McQueston. 

1834. 

James  McQueston, 
Gilbert  Greeley, 
Frederick  G.  Stark. 

1835. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse. 

1836. 

Frederick  G.  Stark, 
Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Gilbert  Greeley. 


1837. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Gilbert  Greeley, 
Joseph  M.  Bo  well. 

1838. 

Joseph  M.  Bowell, 
Archibald  Gamble,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse. 

1839. 

Joseph  M.  Bowell, 
Archibald  Gamble,  jr., 
Isaac  Huse. 

1840. 

Amos  Weston,  jr. 
J.  T.  P.  Hunt, 
Hiram  Brown. 

1841. 

Amos  Weston,  jr., 
Isaac  C.  Flanders, 
Isaac  Huse. 

1842. 

Moses  Fellows, 
Andrew  Bunton,  jr., 
Abram  Brigham. 

1843. 

Moses  Fellows, 
Andrew  Bunton,  jr., 
David  Child. 

1844. 

Nathan  Parker, 
Warren  L.  Lane, 
George  Clark. 

1845. 

Nathan  Parker, 
George  Clark, 
Charles  Chase. 


1846. 

Moses  Fellows, 
Andrew  Bunton,  jr., 
Edward  McQueston. 


38 


MANCHESTER. 


MODERATORS. 


1751.  John  Goffe.  1799. 

1752-4.  William  Perham.  1800. 

1755-6.  John  Goffe.  1801. 

1757.  Archibald  Stark.  1802. 

1758-60.  William  McClintock.      1803. 

1761.  William  Perham.  1804. 

1762-3.  John  Goffe.  1805. 

1764.  John  Stark.  1806. 

1765.  Alexander  McMtirphy.  1807-8. 

1766.  John  Hall.  1809-11. 

1767.  David  Starrett.  1812. 

1768.  Thomas  Buss.  1813. 

1769.  William  McClintock.      1814. 
1770-3.  John  Stark.  1815-16. 

1774.  John  Goffe.  1817-18. 

1775.  John  Stark.  1819. 
1776-7.  John  Goffe.  1820. 

1778.  John  Hall.  1821. 

1779.  John  Goffe.       .  1822. 

1780.  John  Harvey.  1823-5. 

1781.  John  Hall.  1826. 

1782.  John  Little.  1827. 

1783.  John  Stark.  1828. 

1784.  John  Hall.  1829. 

1785.  John  Stark.  1830-2. 

1786.  John  Hall.  1833. 

1787.  John  Little.  1834. 

1788.  James  Gorman.  1835. 

1789.  John  Stark.  1836. 

1790.  Samuel  Moor.  1837. 
1791-2.  John  Stark.  1838. 

1793.  John  Webster,  1839-40. 

1794.  John  Stark.  1841. 
1795-6.  Daniel  Davis.  1842-3. 

1797.  John  Goffe.  1844. 

1798.  Samuel  Blod^et.  1845-6. 


Daniel  Davis. 
Samuel  P.  Kidder. 
John  Stark. 
Joseph  Moor. 
John  Stark. 
Joseph  Moor. 
Samuel  P.  Kidder. 
John  Stark. 
David  Flint. 
John  G.  Moor. 
David  Flint. 
William  Hall. 
John  G.  Moor. 
John  Dwinnells. 
John  Stark. 
Samuel  Moor. 
Nathaniel  Moor. 
John  G.  Moor. 
John  Stark. 
Nathaniel  Moor. 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 
John  Stark,  3d. 
Nathaniel  Moor. 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 
Frederick  G.  Stark. 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 
Gilbert  Greeley. 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 
Gilbert  Greeley. 
Frederick  G.  Stark. 
Ephraim  Stevens,  jr. 
Charles  gjtark. 
James  McK.  Wilkins. 
Joseph  Cochran,  jr. 
George  W.  Morrison. 
Herman  Foster. 


THE  TOWN:  1810-1846. 
TOWN  CLERKS. 


39 


1751-3. 

John  Hall. 

1799-1810. 

1754. 

Alexander  McMurphy 

.1811. 

1755-6. 

John  Goffe. 

1812-13. 

1757-66. 

John  Hall. 

1814. 

1767-74. 

David  Starrett. 

1815-18. 

1775. 

John  Hall. 

1819-23. 

1776-9. 

*David  Starrett. 

1824-5. 

1779-86. 

fAsael  Smith. 

1826-8. 

1787. 

John  Russ. 

1829-30. 

1788. 

John  Hall. 

1831-3. 

1789-93. 

John  Goffe. 

1834-7. 

1794. 

John  Stark,  jr. 

1838-40. 

1795. 

Isaac  Huse. 

1841. 

1796. 

Samuel  P.  Kidder. 

1842-46. 

1797-8. 

John  Tufts. 

*To  July  16,  1779. 

tFrom  July  16. 

Samuel  Moor,  jr. 
John  Stark,  jr. 
Isaac  Huse. 
Samuel  Moor, 
John  G.  Moor. 
Frederick  G.  Stark. 
Amos  Weston,  jr. 
Franklin  Moor. 
Samuel  Jackson. 
Amos  Weston,  jr. 
John  R.  Hall. 
Samuel  Jackson. 
Walter  French. 
John  M.  Noyes. 


^/-   '/e?  woe. 


MANCHESTER— A   CITY. 


1846  -  1875. 


ROM  that  day  to  this  the  city's  history  is  one  of  grad 
ual  but  real  progress.  Its  foundations  had  been 
well  laid  and  it  only  remained  for  the  walls  to 
rise.  The  amendments  to  its  charter  by  the  legislature, 
which  have  been  so  many  as  to  make  the  original  nearly 
unrecognizable,  are  indices  in  part  of  the  changes  in  the 
city.  The  surrender  of  the  charter  itself  was  proposed  in 
1848,  after  the  legislature  of  that  year  had  passed  an  act  by 
which  the  representatives  to  the  general  court  were  made 
eligible  from  each  ward  of  the  city  voting  as  a  town,  in 
stead  of  being  chosen  by  the  city  at  large,  as  before.  Upon 
the  request  of  one  hundred  legal  voters,  a  call  was  issued 
by  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  in  accordance  with  a  provision 
of  the  charter,  for  a  citizens'  meeting.  This  was  held  in 
the  city  hall  on  the  nineteenth  of  August,  1848.  A  mod 
erator  was  chosen,  and,  after  several  motions  made  to  de 
lay  business  had  been  disposed  of,  the  meeting  voted  by 
ballot,  three  hundred  and  ninety-five  yeas  and  twenty-two 
nays,  to  surrender  the  city  charter  and  adopt  a  town  or 
ganization.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  what 
steps  were  necessary  to  accomplish  such  result,  and,  at  an 
adjourned  meeting  on  the  second  of  September,  made  a 
long  report  recommending  the  surrender  of  the  city  char 
ter  and  giving  the  opinion  of  the  late  chief  justice,  Samuel 
3 


42  MANCHESTER. 

D.  Bell,  that  a  town  organization  might  legally  be  adopted. 
The  opinion  of  Joel  Parker,  then  chief  justice  of  Massa 
chusetts,  which  had  been  obtained,  was  also  read,  declar 
ing  the  act  of  the  legislature  unconstitutional.  The  meet 
ing  was  then  adjourned  to  the  sixteenth  of  October,  at 
which  time  the  records  of  the  last  meeting  were  read  and 
an  adjournment  sine  die  was  effected  and  that  was  the  last 
of  it. 

The  city  was  originally  divided  into  seven  wards  but  the 
act  of  1848  reduced  these  to  six,  made  one  special  justice  of 
the  police  court  instead  of  two,  and  caused  several  minor 
changes.  By  the  original  charter  a  majority  of  the  votes 
cast  was  required  for  the  election  of  a  mayor,  and  this 
made  necessary  two  elections  in  1846,  four  in  1847  and 
three  in  1848,  and  in  1849  it  was  not  till  the  fifth  trial, 
held  in  October,  six  months  after  the  regular  time,  that  a 
choice  was  made.  This  trouble  was  remedied  in  1849  by 
an  act  of  the  legislature  which  made  a  plurality  of  votes 
suffice  for  an  election.  In  1851  the  justice  of  the  police 
court  was  made  its  clerk,  itself  becoming  thus  a  court  of 
record  with  power  to  naturalize  foreigners  and  issue  cer 
tificates.  Jurisdiction  in  naturalization  matters  was  re 
pealed  in  1855,  restored  in  1862,  again  repealed  in  1868 
and  again  restored  in  1874,  when  a  separate  clerk  was  ap 
pointed.  The  justice  was  given  in  1851  a  salary  of  three 
hundred  dollars  together  with-  the  fees.  In  1855  the  sal 
ary  was  established  at  five  hundred  dollars  and  all  fines 
and  fees  were  required  to  be  paid  to  the  city  marshal  and 
by  him  to  the  city  treasurer.  In  1867  the  salary  was  raised 
to  one  thousand  dollars  and  in  1874  to  fifteen  hundred. 
The  city  marshal  was  at  first  the  tax-collector,  but  the  offi 
ces  were  separated  by  the  legislature  in  1851  and  the  act 
was  approved  by  the  city  councils  in  1852. 

The  villages    of  Piscataquog   and    Amoskeag,  parts    of 
Bedford  and  GofFstown  respectively,  were,  to  all  practical 


THE  CITY:    1846-1875.  43 

intent,  parts  of  Manchester,  and  were  made  so  in  deed  by 
act  of  the  legislature  in  1853,  accepted  by  the  city  councils 
the  same  year.  The  act  was  not  passed  without  strenu 
ous  opposition  fyom  the  towns  of  Goffstown  and  Bedford, 
though  the  villages  themselves  were  anxious  to  enjoy  the 
convenience  of  being  a  part  of  the  city  to  which  they  were 
annexed.  They  became  wards  seven  and  eight  and  in  1855 
the  part  of  ward  eight  which  lay  south  of  the  Piscataquog 
river  was  annexed  to  ward  seven. 

In  1855  the  boards  of  mayor  and  aldermen  and  school 
committee  were  required  to  appoint  a  superintendent  of 
public  instruction.  By  the  act  of  1856,  accepted  by  the 
voters  of  the  city  in  that  year,  the  annual  meeting  for  the 
choice  of  city  and  ward  officers,  which  had  been  held  on 
the  second  Tuesday  of  March,  the  old  town-meeting  day, 
was  appointed  for  the  second  Tuesday  of  December,  and 
the  municipal  year  was  made  to  begin  upon  the  first  Tues 
day  of  January  instead  of  the  third  Tuesday  of  March. 
By  the  act  of  1874  the  old  order  of  things  was  restored 
and  the  outgoing  city  councils  were  required  to  make  the 
appropriation  for  the  year  ensuing.  A  plurality  was  made 
sufficient  for  the  election  of  other  city  and  ward  officers,  as 
well  as  mayors,  by  the  act  of  1856. 

In  1858  the  boundaries  of  several  wards  were  changed 
by  legislative  enactment  and  of  others  in  1869  by  the  city 
councils.  The  wards  were  made  anew  and  the  number  re 
duced  to  seven  in  1874.  In  1854  the  city  councils  were  au 
thorized  to  establish  a  public  library  ;  in  1867  the  regula 
tion  of  the  ward  check-lists  was  transferred  from  the  select 
men  to  the  assessors  and  in  1874  returned  to  the  select 
men  ;  in  1868  the  school  districts  were  consolidated  into 
one;  and  in  1871  the  legislature  authorized  the  construc 
tion  of  water-works  at  a  cost  of  not  over  six  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars. 


44  MANCHESTER. 

Noticeable  in  the  city's  history  were  the  establishment 
of  a  high  school  by  district  number  two  in  1846  ;  the  ac 
ceptance  by  the  city  from  the  Amoskeag  Company  in  1848 
of  Concord,  Merrimack  and  Tremont  squares,  upon  condi 
tion  of  proper  usage  ;  the  attention  paid  to  sewerage,  set 
ting  of  shade-trees,  and  building  of  sidewalks ;  the  care  of 
the  Valley  cemetery  and  the  purchase  of  a  new  one  in 
1855 ;  the  paving  of  Elm  street  and  the  erection  of  drink 
ing  fountains  on  the  main  thoroughfare  ;  the  construction 
of  reservoirs  for  fire  purposes ;  the  appointment  in  1854  of 
a  superintendent  of  schools ;  the  purchase  of  a  steam  fire 
engine  in  1859 ;  the  consolidation  of  the  school  districts  in 
1868 ;  the  establishment  of  a  free  library  in  1854  and  the 
erection  of  a  building  for  its  use  in  1871 ;  the  building  of 
a  court-house  in  1868  ;  and  the  completion  of  the  water 
works  in  1874.  The  streets  were  first  lighted  by  the  city 
on  condition  that  abuttors  on  street  corners  would  put  up 
a  post  and  lamp.  The  fire  cisterns,  in  the  absence  of  any 
water-works,  were  supplied  with  water  from  the  squares  on 
the  ponds. 

The  city  celebrated  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  its  in 
corporation  as  a  town  by  a  meeting  at  the  city  hall  in  the 
afternoon  and  evening  of  October  22,  1851,  when  an  ad 
dress  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Cyrus  W.  Wallace,  the 
senior  clergyman  of  the  city,  a  poem  by  William  Stark 
was  read  by  its  author,  and  short  speeches  were  made  by 
the  Hon.  Richard  H.  Ayer,  the  Hon.  Chandler  E.  Potter, 
Dr.  William  M.  Parker,  John  B.  Clarke,  the  Rev.  Cyrus 
W.  Wallace,  the  Rev.  B.  M.  Tillotson,  Charles  A.  Luce, 
John  L.  Kelly,  Joseph  C.  Abbott,  Albert  Jackson  and 
Joseph  Kidder.  An  account  of  these  proceedings,  together 
with  a  history  of  Manchester,  was  published  in  1856,  by  its 
author,  the  Hon.  Chandler  E.  Potter. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875.  45 

OFFICERS   OF  THE   CITY  OF  MANCHESTER, 

FROM  1846  TO  1875. 


MEMBERS  OF  CITY  COUNCILS. 
1846-7.  1847-8. 


MAYOR. 

HIRAM  BROWN. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Andrew  Bunton,  jr. 

2.  George  Porter. 

3.  William  G.  Means. 

4.  David  Gillis. 

5.  True  worthy  Blaisdell. 

6.  Edward  McQueston. 

7.  Moses  Fellows. 

CITY   CLERK. 

John  S.  T.  Cashing. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  John  S.  Kidder, 
George  W.  Eaton, 
William  Boyd. 

2.  Hervey  Tufts, 
Daniel  J.  Hoyt. 
James  M.  Morrill. 

3.  Israel  Endicott, 
Joel  Russell, 
George  P.  Folsom. 

4.  David  Cross, 
Abrara  Brigham, 
William  M.  Parker,  Preset. 

5.  Ebenezer  Clark, 
Asa  O.  Colby, 
Nathaniel  Herriek. 

6.  William  Potter, 
Jacob  G.  Cilley, 
Frederick  A.  Hussey. 

7.  Sewell  Leavitt, 
William  W.  Baker, 
Rodnia  Nutt. 


MAYOR. 

JACOB  F.  JAMES.* 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  George  F.  Judkins. 

2.  Caleb  Johnson. 

3.  James  Wallace. 

4.  David  A.  Bunton. 

5.  Ebenezer  Clark. 

6.  Edward  McQueston. 

7.  Frederick  Wallace. 

CITY    CLERK. 

John  S.T.  Gushing. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Wm.  Boyd, 

John  S.  Kidder, 
James  McK.  Wilkins. 

2.  Hervey  Tufts, 
James  M.  Morrill, 
Wilber  Gay. 

3.  Seth  P.  Ford, 
John  H.  Newman, 
Jacob  Sawyer. 

4.  William  M.  Parker,  Preset, 
Charles  Wells, 

Charles  F.  Warren. 

5.  David  Brigham, 
Nathaniel  Herrick, 
Jesse  Anderson. 

6.  James  O.  Adams, 
William  Potter, 
Moulton  Knowles. 

7.  Sewell  Leavitt, 
William  W.  Baker, 
Ebenezer  Ross. 


David  Hill,  Clerk.  David  Hill,  Clerk. 

*  Elected  Mj,y  22,  1847;  sworn  in  May  25,  1847. 


46 


MANCHESTER. 


1848-9. 


1849-50. 


MAYOR. 

JACOB  F.  JAMES. 


MAYOR. 

WARRED  L.  LANE.* 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  George  F.  Judkins. 

2.  Charles  Wells. 

3.  Jacob  Sawyer. 

4.  Eben  C.  Foster. 

5.  Ebenezer  Knowlton. 

6.  William  P.  Newell. 

7.  John  Calef. 

CITY   CLERK. 

John  S.  T.  Gushing. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Warren  L.  Lane, 
Josiah  M.  Barries, 
George  Aldrich. 

2.  William  Hartshorn, 
Frederick  Smyth, 
Nathaniel  Marshall. 

3.  John  H.  Newman, 
Warren  Page, 
George  T.  Mixer. 

4.  Charles  F.  Warren, 
John  G.  Simpson, 
Joseph  W.  Saunders. 

5.  David  Brigham, 
Retyre  Mitchell, 
Asa  O.  Colby. 

6.  James  O.  Adams,  President, 
Charles  A.  Luce, 
Zebedee  C.  Gilbert. 

7.  William  W.  Baker, 
Ebenezer  Ross, 
Isaac  Huse. 


David  Hill,  Clerk. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Henry  T.  Mowatt 

2.  Daniel  Balch. 

3.  Benjamin  Kinsley. 

4.  Alonzo  Smith. 

5.  Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

6.  Sewell  Leavitt. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Frederick  Smyth. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Nathaniel  Marshall,  Preset, 
Theodore  L.  Hastings, 
Holbrook  Chandler. 

2.  David  C.  Batchelder, 
Charles  Currier, 
Joseph  Sawyer. 

3.  George  W.  Gilman, 
George  W.  Eaton, 
Joel  Taylor  ,f 

4.  Thomas  P.  Pierce, 
Reuben  D.  Mooers, 
John  H.  Goodale.t 

5.  Ililas  Dickey, 
Harry  Leeds, 
Joseph  D.  Emerson. 

6.  Isaac  Huse, 
James  M.  Webster, 
Jacob  Woods. 

Benjamin  F.  Ayer,  Clerk. 


*  Elected  Oct.  3,  1849;  sworn  in  Oct.  6,  1849. 
t  In  place  of  Frederick  Smyth,  resigned. 
J.  In  place  of  Hibbard  Stevens,  resigned. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 
1850-1.  1851-2. 


47 


MAYOR. 

MOSES  FELLOWS. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Amasa  Waterman. 

2.  Daniel  Balch. 

3.  John  L.  Bradford. 

4.  Isaac  C.  Flanders. 

5.  Samuel  Dame. 

6.  William  W.  Baker. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Frederick  Smyth. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Holbrook  Chandler, 
Theodore  L.  Hastings, 
Theodore  T.  Abbot. 

2.  David  C.  Batchelder, 
Charles  Currier, 
William  Reynolds. 

3.  Edward  Hall, 
Lorenzo  Dow, 
Joseph  Wilson. 

4.  John  II.  Goodale, 

John  L.  Fitch,  President, 
Reuben  D.  Mooers. 

5.  Harry  Leeds, 
Hilas  Dickey, 
Joseph  D.  Emerson. 

6.  Isaac  Marshall, 
Lewis  Bartlett, 
Charles  G.  Morse. 


MAYOR. 

MOSES  FELLOWS. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Amasa  Waterman. 

2.  David  Brigham. 

3.  George  Clark. 

4.  George  T.  Mixer. 

5.  Joseph  W.  Saunders. 

6.  Peter  Mitchell. 

CITY  CLERK. 

Frederick  Smyth. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Samuel  Fish, 
Asa  S.  Trask, 
Erastus  Danielson. 

2.  George  M.  Stevens, 
Nathaniel  Smith, 
Daniel  C.  Bent. 

3.  Daniel  W.  Fling, 

Isaac  W.  Smith,  President, 
James  Mitchell,  jr. 

4.  Francis  Reed, 
Daniel  Haynes, 
Henry  Clough. 

5.  James  McColley, 
Benjamin  Currier, 
Cyrus  Sanborn. 

6.  John  L.  Kelly, 
Daniel  C.  Gould, 
Israel  Webster. 


Benjamin  F.  Ayer,  Clerk. 


George  A.  French,  Clerk. 


48 


MANCHESTER. 


1852-3. 


1853-4. 


MAYOR. 

FREDERICK  SMYTH. 


MAYOR. 

FREDERICK  SMYTH. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Amasa  Waterman. 

2.  David  Brigham. 

3.  Nahum  Baldwin. 

4.  Robert  Moore. 

5.  Isaac  Tompkins. 

6.  Ira  W.  Moore. 


ALDERMEN. 

Amasa  Waterman. 
Stephen  Palmer. 
Daniel  W.  Fling. 
.Robert  Moore. 
Samuel  Dame. 
Ira  W.  Moore. 


CITY   CLERK. 

George  A.  French. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Samuel  Fish, 
Asa  S.  Trask, 
Erastus  Danielson. 

2.  George  M.  Stevens, 
John  M.  Harvey, 
Daniel  C.  Bent. 

3.  Isaac  W.  Smith,  President, 
Daniel  W.  Fling, 

James  Mitchell,  jr. 

4.  Francis  Reed, 
Henry  Clough, 
John  B.  Goodwin. 

5.  James  McColley, 
Benjamin  Currier, 
Alpheus  D.  Burgess. 

6.  John  L.  Kelly, 
Stephen  M.  Baker, 
John  P.  Moore. 

Enoch  N".  Abbott,  Clerk. 


CITY   CLERK. 

George  A.  French. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Sampson  Clatur, 
Francis  W.  Holbrook, 
Davis  Baker. 

2.  John  M.  Harvey,  President, 
John  C.  Lyford, 

Orin  B.  Robinson. 

3.  Horace  Johnson. 
George  Q.  Johnson, 
Ephraim  Stevens. 

4.  John  B.  Goodwin, 
David  J.  Clark, 
William  Patten. 

5.  Amherst  Kim  ball, 
George  W.  Merriam, 
Ninian  Cochran. 

6.  Thomas  Emerson, 
John  P.  Moore, 
Robert  Baker. 

Enoch  N".  Abbott,  Clerk* 
Isaac  W.  Smith,  Clerk. 


Resigned  Oct.  11,  1853;  Isaac  W.  Smith  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875.  49 

1854-5.  1855-6. 


MAYOR. 

FREDERICK  SMYTH. 


MAYOR. 

THEODORE  T.  ABBOT. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Aniasa  Waterman. 

2.  John  M.  Harvey. 

3.  Daniel  W.  Fling. 

4.  George  A.  Barnes. 

5.  Isaac  Tompkins. 

6.  Samuel  B.  Paige. 

7.  James  Walker. 

8.  Charles  F.  Davis. 


CITY   CLERK. 

George  A.  French. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 


1.  Jesse  F.  Angell,* 
Francis  W.  Holbrook, 
Samuel  J.  Tilton. 

2.  John  C.  Lyford, 
Orin  B.  Robinson, 
Samuel  Gould. 

3.  George  Q.  Johnson, 
Jacob  Peavy, 
Hiram  II.  Kimball. 

4.  David  J.  Clark,  President, 
Gilman  II .  Kimball, 
Benjamin  F.  Locke. 

5.  William  E.  Eastman, 
Jewett  B.  Eastman, 
Horace  Pettee. 

6 .  Nathaniel  Baker,  2d, 
Thomas  Emerson, 
Benjamin  F.  Mitchell. 

7.  Joseph  B.  Gage, 
William  B.  Patten, 
Philip  Stark. 

8.  Enoch  N.  Ela, 
Thomas  S.  Montgomery, 
DeLafayette  Robinson. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Joseph  Knowlton. 

2.  John  M.  Harvey. 

3.  John  S.  Yeaton. 

4.  Daniel  C.  Bent. 

5.  Nathaniel  Herrick. 

6.  Justin  Spear. 

7.  John  Moulton. 

8.  Henry  H.  Fuller. 

CITY   CLERK. 

George  A.  French. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Samuel  J.  Tilton, 
Jesse  F.  Angell, 
Ira  Stone. 

2.  Samuel  Gould,  President, 
.lames  M.  Howe, 
Barnabas  Hinds. 

3.  John  R.  Chandler, 
John  T.  Spofford, 
Frederick  A.  Morse. 

4.  John  Prince, 
John  S.  Folsom, 
Andrew  J.  Butterfield. 

5.  Walter  Neal, 
Moses  O.  Pearson, 
William  Stearns. 

6.  William  B.  Bullard, 
Ephraim  S.  Harvey, 
Oliver  Gould. 

7.  John  B.  Watson, 
David  Spofford, 
William  J.  Fisher. 

8.  James  K.  Stevens, 
Daniel  A .  Durgin, 
William  Todd. 

Samuel  D.  Lord,  Clerk. 


Isaac  W.  Smith,f  Clerk. 
Samuel  D.  Lord,  Clerk. 

*  Jesse  F.  Angell  was  ele;ted  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of 
Sampson  Clatur. 

t  Resigned.    Samuel  D.  Lord  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 


50 


MANCHESTER. 


1856-7. 


1857, 


MAYOR. 

THEODORE  T.  ABBOT. 


MAYOR. 

JACOB  F.  JAMES. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Joseph  Knowlton. 

2.  William  Reynolds. 

3.  John  S.  Yeaton. 

4.  James  Wallace. 

5.  John  M.  Hill. 

6.  Justin  Spear. 

7.  John  Moulton. 

8.  Samuel  H.  Edgerly. 

CITY   CLERK. 

f  Joel  Taylor. 
Frank  H.  Lyford. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Jabez  Besse, 
John  Hosley, 
Ansel  Buckminster. 

2.  William  T.  Evans, 
Henry  B.  Moulton, 
Abiel  C.  Flanders. 

3.  Frederick  A.  Morse, 
John  T.  Spofford, 
John  R.  Chandler. 

4.  John  Prince, 

John  S.  Folsom,  President, 
Andrew  J.  Butterfield. 

5.  Amos  W.  Sargent, 
Elbridge  G.  Haynes, 
Leonard  Sanborn. 

6.  William  B.  Bullard, 
Samuel  D.  Farrar, 
Ephraim  S.  Harvey. 

7.  Charles  K.  Walker, 
Chauncy  C.  Favor, 
Thomas  F.  Moulton. 

8.  John  Shaw, 
Levi  D.  Heath, 
James  K.  Stevens. 

Elijah  M.  Topliff,  Clerk. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Jonathan  Morse. 

2.  William  Reynolds.* 

3.  Moody  Currier. 

4.  David  At  wood. 

5.  Bradbury  P.  Cilley. 

6.  Justin  Spear. 

7.  Andrew  C.  Wallace. 

8.  Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Frank  H.  Lyford. 


COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  John  Hosley, 
Jeremiah  O.  Pulsifer, 
Benjamin  Kinsley. 

2.  Daniel  K.  White, 
Jonathan  Horn, 
William  T.  Evans. 

3.  Timothy  Wiggin  Little, 
Frank  A.  Brown, 
Benjamin  F.  Martin. 

4.  William  S.  Berry, 

Elijah  M.  Topliff,  President, 
Joseph  B.  Sawyer. 

5.  Amos  W.  Sargent, 
Elbridge  G.  Haynes, 
Ruel  Walker. 

6.  Samuel  D.  Farrar, 
Alden  W.  Sanborn, 
Xathan  Johnson. 

7.  Chauncy  C.  Favor, 
Charles  K.  Walker, 
Edward  C.  Bryant. 

8.  John  E.  Stearns, 
William  H.  B.  Newhall, 
John  T.  Nelson. 

Amos  B.  Shattuck,  Clerk. 


*  William  Reynolds  resigned  February  17,  1857.  James  White  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy,  and  resigned  June  4,  1857,  and  James  II.  Peabody  was  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

t  Resigned  April  15,  1856;  Frank  H.  Lyford  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 
1858.  1859. 


MAYOR. 

ALONZO   SMITH. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Jonathan  Morse. 

2.  Thomas  S.  Sargent. 

3.  William  C.  Clarke. 

4.  Samuel  W.  Parsons. 

5.  William  E.  Eastman. 

6.  Daniel  C.  Gould. 

7.  Andrew  C.  Wallace. 

8.  Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Benjamin  Kinsley, 
Moses  O.  Pearson, 
Charles  Can  field. 

2.  Otis  P.  Warner, 
Alfred  B.  Soule, 
David  M'Colley. 

3.  Benjamin  F.  Martin, 
William  Richardson, 
Stephen  D.  Green. 

4.  Ebenezer  H.  Davis, 
Moultou  Knowles, 

Elijah  M.  Topliff,  President. 

5.  James  A.  Brigham, 
Ruel  Walker, 
George  W.  Merriam. 

6.  Nathan  Johnson, 
John  B.  Fish, 
Samuel  A.  Hackett. 

7.  Benjamin  F.  Wallace, 
Leonard  Moore, 
Joseph  N.  Prescott. 

8.  George  S.  Chandler, 
William  H.  B.  Newhall, 
Damon  Y.  Stearns. 


MAYOR. 

E.  W.  HARRINGTON. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Reuben  Dodge. 

2.  Thomas  S.  Sargent. 

3.  Frank  A.  Brown. 

4.  George  A.  Barnes 

5.  George  H.  Hubbard. 

6.  Samuel  D.  Farrar. 

7.  Ira  Barr. 

8.  Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Moses  O.  Pearson, 
Charles  Canfield, 
George  W.  Thayer. 

2.  Daniel  K.  White, 
George  S.  Neal, 
Josiah  A.  Chamberlin. 

3.  William  Richardson, 
Stephen  D.  Green, 
John  B.  Chase. 

4.  Moulton  Knowles, 
James  A.  Brigham, 
John  II.  Maynard. 

5.  Thomas  Baxter, 
Elijah  Perry, 
Horace  Bonney. 

6.  John  B.  Fish, 

Horace  Pettee,  President, 
Levi  H.  Sleeper. 

7.  Leonard  Moore, 
Joseph  N.  Prescott, 
John  Bartlett. 

8.  George  S.  Chandler, 
William  G.  Haynes, 
Nathaniel  H.  Martin. 


Amos  B.  Shattuck,  Clerk. 


Simeon  D.  Farns worth,  Clerk. 


52 


MANCHESTER. 


1860. 


1861, 


MAYOR. 

E.  W.  HAKEIXGTON. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Keuben  Dodge. 

2.  James  A.  Tebbetts. 

3.  Benjamin  F.  Martin. 

4.  George  A.  Barnes. 

5.  George  II.  Hubbard. 

6.  Samuel  D.  Farrar. 

7.  John  Moulton. 

8.  Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 


1.  George  W.  Thayer, 
George  C.  Gilmore, 
Henry  A.  ( Campbell. 

2.  Josiah  A.  Chamberlin, 
George  S.  Neal, 
George  T.  Cram. 

3.  John  B.  Chase, 
Albert  II .  Daniels, 
Albion  Barker. 

4.  John  H.  Maynard, 
Seth  Milliken, 
Eben  French. 

5.  Thomas  Baxter, 
Elijah  Perry, 
Horace  Bonney. 

6.  Horace  Pettee,  President,         6. 
Levi  H.  Sleeper, 

Charles  W.  Adams. 

7.  John  Bartlclt,  7. 
Willard  P.  Stratton, 

Daniel  Mack. 

8.  Georg;e  8.  Chandler,  8. 
Dennis  Cassidy, 

Damon  Y.  Stearns. 


MAYOR. 

DAYID  A.  BUOTOK. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  George  C.  Gilmore. 

2.  James  A.  Tebbetts. 

3.  Henry  C.  Merrill. 

4.  James  M.  Bean.* 

5.  John  Coughlin. 

6.  Elbridge  G.  Haynes. 

7.  John  C.  Smith. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 


CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Henry  A.  Campbell, 
Elbridge  G  .Woodman,  Pres'trf 
Jeremiah  O.  Pulsifer. 

2.  George  T.  Cram, 
Josiah  Hackett, 
Charles  W.  Clement, 

3.  John  II .  Goodale,  President, 
Albion  Barker, 
Ephraim  S.  Peabody. 

4.  Seth  Milliken, 
Eben  French, 
William  S.  Palmer. 
Hugh  Burns, 
Daniel  Connor, 
John  Gillis. 

Ezra  Kimball, 
Benjamin  C.  Kendall, 
Charles  W.  Adams. 
Daniel  Mack, 
John  II .  Eand, 
Elbridge  Hartshorn. 
Dennis  Cassidy, 
Edwin  R.  Warren, 
William  Todd. 


5. 


Simeon  D.  Farnsworth,  Clerk.      Simeon  D.  Farnsworth,  Clerk. 


*  John  H   Maynard  elected  in  March  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  Bean. 
t  Elected  President  in  October,  1861,  vice  John  H.  Goodale. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 


53 


18(52. 


1863. 


MAYOR. 

DAVID  A.  BUTTON. 


MAYOR. 

THEODORE  T.  ABBOT. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  George  C.  Gilmore. 

2.  Henry  B.  Moulton. 

3.  Henry  C.  Merrill. 

4.  John  H.  iVlaynard. 

5.  John  Cough  lin. 

6.  Elbridge  G.  Haynes. 

7.  John  C.  Smith. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 


COMMON   COUNCIL. 


1.  Jeremiah  O.  Pulsifer, 
Elbridge  G.  Woodman,  Pi 
Stephen  P.  Duntley. 

2.  Josiah  Hackett, 
Charles  W.  Clement, 
Samuel  Clark. 

3.  Ephraim  S.  Peabody, 
Henry  P.  Wilson, 
Thomas  E.  Hubbard. 

4.  William  S.  Palmer, 
Robert  F.  Moore, 
Nathaniel  W.  Cumner. 

5.  James  Madden, 
William  Little, 
Thomas  Stack. 

6.  Benjamin  C.  Kendall, 
Ezra  Kimball, 
Jeremiah  L.  Fogg. 

7.  John  O.  Parker, 
James  W.  Preston, 
Ebenezer  Hartshorn. 

8.  Edwin  R.  Warren, 
John  E.  Stearns, 
Warren  Stearns. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  John  Hosley. 

2.  Henry  B.  Moulton. 

3.  Joseph  H.  Haynes. 

4.  George  Holbrook. 

5.  Thomas  Howe. 

6.  Ira  W.  Moore. 

7.  James  W.  Preston. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Francis  P.  Sargent, 
es't,      Henry  C.  Til  ton, 

Andrew  J.  Dickey. 

2.  Samuel  Clark, 
Isaac  II .  Russell, 
John  T.  Robinson. 

3.  Thomas  II.  Hubbard, 
George  W.  Quinby, 
William  C.  Hazelton. 

4.  Robert  F.  Moore, 

Nath1!  W.  Cuniner,  President, 
George  W.  Gardner. 

5.  William  Little, 
Thomas  Stack, 
Michael  Gillis. 

6.  Jeremiah  L.  Fogg, 
Jonathan  Y.  McQueston, 
Ebenezer  G.  Knight. 

7.  John  O.  Parker, 
John  C.  Head, 
David  K.  Boutelle. 

8.  John  E.  Stearns, 
Warren  Stearns, 
Harmon  S.  Burns. 


Orren  C.  Moore,  Clerk. 


Orren  C.  Moore,  Clerk. 


54 


MANCHESTER. 


1864. 


1865. 


MAYOR. 

FREDERICK  SMYTH. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  John  Hosley. 

2.  Samuel  Clark. 

3.  Joseph  H.  Haynes. 

4.  George  Holbrook. 

5.  John^Rourke. 

6.  Ira  W.  Moore. 

7.  Allen  N.  Clapp. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Andrew  J.  Dickey, 
Amos  Sargent, 

2.  John  Gillis. 

Isaac  H.  Russell,  President, 
John  T.  Robinson, 
Jeremiah  Fisk. 

3.  George  W.  Quinby, 
William  C.  Hazelton, 
Thomas  R.  Hubbard. 

4.  Otis  Barton, 
Hamilton  M.  Bailey, 
Hiram  Hill. 

5.  Asa  Place, 
Michael  Gillis, 
Timothy  D.  O'Connor, 

6.  Jonathan  Y.  McQuesto.n,, 
Ebenezer  G.  Knight, 
George  N.  Andrews. 

7.  David  K.  Boutelle, 
John  Patterson, 
Joseph  N   Prescott. 

8.  Harmon  S.  Burns, 
Richard  W.  Lang, 
William  G.  Everett 


Horace  M.  Gillis, 


*  Died  August  15. 
t  Died  May  31. 


MAYOR. 

DARWIN  J.  DANIELS  * 
JOHN  HOSLEY.t 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  John  Gillis. 

2.  Samuel  Clark. 

3.  Thomas  R.  Hubbard. 

4.  David  A.  Bunton. 

5.  John  Rourke. 

6.  Ebenezer  G.  Knight. 

7.  Allen  N.  Clapp. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  Knowlton,t 
Joseph  E.  Bennett. § 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Amos  Sargent, 
Harvey  Huse, 
Daniel  H.  Maxfield. 

2.  Isaac  H.  Russell,  President* 
William  W.  Wade, 
Christopher  C.  Colby. 

3.  Hirani  Forsaith, 
Elbridge  G.  Fisk, 
Cyrus  Dunn. 

4.  Otis  Barton, 
Hamilton  M.  Bailey, 
Hiram  Hill. 

5.  Timothy  D.  O'Connor, 
Asa  Place, 

John  Ryan. 

6.  Amos  J.  Wilson, 
James  P.  Eaton, 
Enos  C.  Howlett. 

7.  Joseph  N.  Prescott, 
John  Patterson, 
Robert  M.  Shirley. 

$.  William  G.  Everett, 
Richard  W.  Lang, 
Dennis  Cassidy. 

Horace  M.  Gillis,  Clerk.. 

t  Elected  to  fill  vacancy. 
§  Elected  to  till  vacancy. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 

1866.  1867. 


55 


MAYOR. 

JOHN  HOSLEY. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  John  Gillis. 

2.  Isaac  H.  Kussell. 

3.  Samuel  Hall. 

4.  John  C.  Young. 

5.  Daniel  Connor. 

6.  Isaac  Whittemore. 

7.  John  Patterson. 

8.  Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Daniel  H.  Maxfield, 
Harvey  Huse, 
Henry  A.  Campbell. 

2.  Christopher  C.  Colby, 
William  W.  Wade, 
Joseph  W.  Bean. 

3.  Hiram  Forsaith,  President, 
Cyrus  Dunn, 

William  P.  Newell. 

4.  Charles  E.  Balch, 
George  S.  Holmes, 
Arthur  L.  Walker. 

5.  George  W.  Hunkins, 
John  Ryan, 

John  White. 

6.  Enos  C.  Hewlett, 
Joseph  Rowley, 
Thomas  Emerson. 

7.  Robert  M.  Shirley, 
Chauncy  C.  Favor, 
Charles  S.  Fisher. 

8.  James  K.  Stevens, 
John  Field, 
Alonzo  L.  Day. 


MAYOR. 

JOSEPH  B.  CLARK. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  William  G.  Perry. 

2.  Ezra  Huntington. 

3.  Samuel  Hall. 

4.  John  C.  Young. 

5.  Daniel  Connor. 

6.  Isaac  Whittemore. 

7.  John  Patterson. 

8.  Daniel  K.  White. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  Henry  A.  Campbell, 
Henry  C.  Sanderson, 
John  Plumer. 

2.  Joseph  W.  Bean, 
Granville  P.  Mason, 
John  Pattee. 

3.  William  P.  Newell, 
Seth  J.  Sanborn, 
John  Brug^er. 

4.  Charles  E.  Balch, 
George  S.  Holmes, 
Arthur  L.  Walker. 

5.  George  W.  Hunkins, 
George  Fox, 
Andrew  Farrell. 

6.  Joseph  Rowley, 
Alexander  M.  Corning, 
William  F.  Sleeper. 

7.  Charles  S.  Fisher, 
Isaac  Lewis, 
Joseph  H.  Brooks. 

8.  -John  Field, 
George  H.  Gerry, 
David  A.  Messer. 


Horace  M.  Gillis,  Clerk, 


Horace  M.  Gillis,  Clerk. 


56 


MANCHESTER. 


1868. 


1869. 


MAYOR. 

JAMES  A.  WESTON. 


MAYOR. 

ISAAC  W.  SMITH. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  William  G.  Perry. 

2.  Ezra  Huntington. 

3.  William  P.  Newell. 

4.  Horace  B.  Putnam. 

5.  Daniel  Connor. 

6.  Joseph  Rowley. 

7.  Chauncy  C.  Favor. 

8.  George  H.  Gerry. 

CITY    CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 


COMMON   COUNCIL. 


1.  Henry  C.  Sanderson,  Preset, 
John  Plumer, 

William  Bursiel. 

2.  John  Pattee, 
Henry  A.  Farrington, 
Henry  Lewis. 

3.  Seth  J.  Sanborn, 
Peter  K.  Chandler, 
Keed  P.  Silver. 

4.  Arthur  M.  Eastman, 
Benjamin  W.  Robinson, 
Jonathan  B    Moore. 

5.  George  Fox, 
Andrew  Farrell, 
Michael  Kelley. 

6.  William  F.  Sleeper, 
Alexander  M.  Corning. 
George  H.  Hubbard. 

7.  Joseph  H.  Brooks, 
Isaac  Lewis, 
Samuel  Brooks. 

8.  David  A.  Messer, 
Albert  A.  Partridge, 
Hiram  Stearns. 

Horace  M.  Gillis,  Clerk. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Daniel  H.  Max  field. 

2.  Henry  A.  Farrington. 

3.  William  P.  Newell. 

4.  Horace  B.  Putnam. 

5.  Daniel  Connor. 

6.  George  H.  Hubbard. 

7.  Chauncy  C.  Favor. 

8.  George  H.  Gerry. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON   COUNCIL. 

1.  William  Bursiel, 
William  H.  Maxwell, 
John  P.  Currier. 

2.  Henry  Lewis, 
Thomas  R.  North rup, 
William  B.  Underbill. 

3.  Peter  K.  Chandler,  President, 
Reed  P.  Silver, 

Simon  F.  Stanton. 

4.  Arthur  M.  Eastman, 
Benjamin  W.  Robinson, 
Jonathan  B.  Moore. 

5.  Cornelius  Healey, 
Patrick  Devine,* 
John  McKeon. 

6.  Dustin  L.  Jenkins, 
John  W.  Johnson, 
George  E.  Glines. 

7.  Samuel  Brooks. 
David  O.  Webster, 
John  K.  -McQueston. 

8.  Albert  A.  Partridge, 
Hiram  Stearns, 
William  G.  Everett. 

Horace  M.  Gillis,t  Clerk. 


*  Resigned;  John  L.  Kennedy  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 

t  Died  July  7,  1869;  Elbridge  D.  Hartley  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 
1870.  1871. 


57 


MAYOR. 

JAMES  A.  WESTON. 


MAYOR. 

JAMES  A.  WESTOIST. 


ALDERMEN". 

Daniel  II.  Maxfield. 
Henry  A.  Farrington. 

Peter  K,  Chandler. 
Horace  P.  Watts. 
Cornelius  Healey. 
George  H.  Hubbard. 
Samuel  Brooks. 
William  G.  Everett. 

TITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

William  Bursiel, 
Wil;iam  II.  Maxwell, 
John  P.  Currier,  President. 
Thomas  R.  Northrup, 
William  B.  Uuderhill, 
Henry  W.  Powell. 
Simon  F.  Stan  ton, 
JS^ehemiah  S.  Bean, 
George  R.  Simmons. 
William  R.  Patten, 
Jacob  B.  Hart  well, 
Joseph  B.  Sawyer. 
John  L.  Kennedy, 
Lawrence  Foley, 
Thomas  Willis. 
Dustin  L.  Jenkins, 
John  W.  Johnson, 
George  E.  Glines. 
David  O.  Webster, 
John  K.  McQueston, 
William  M.  Shepard. 
Henry  II.  Fuller, 
Harris  J.  Poor, 
Albert  A.  Woodward. 

Elbridge  D.  Hadley,  Clerk. 


ALDERMEN. 

1.  Geor-je  W.  Thayer. 

2.  Henry  Lewis. 

3.  William  Flanders,* 
Peter  K.  Chandler.f 

4.  James  S.  Cheney. 

5.  Daniel  Connor. 

6.  John  Hosley. 

7.  William  N".  Chamberlin. 

8.  William  G.  Everett. 


CITY  CLERK. 

Joseph  E,  Bennett. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Israel  W.  Dickey, 
Oscar  M.  Titus, 
Sylvanus  B.  Putnam. 

2.  Henry  W.  Powell, 
Dana  D.  Towne, 
John  C.  Smith. 

3.  Nehemiah  S   Bean, 
George  R.  Simmons, 
Henry  C.  Reynolds. 

4.  William  R.  Patten,  President, 
Jacob  B.  Hartwell, 

Joseph  B.  Sawyer. 

5.  Lawrence  Foley, 
John  L.  Kennedy, 
Austin  O'Malley. 

6.  Jacob  J.  Abbott, 
Edwin  Kennedy, 
Jeremiah  Hodsje. 

7.  William  M.  Shepard, 
James  C.  Russell, 
Benjamin  K.  Parker. 

8.  Harris  J.  Poor, 
Albert  A.  Woodward, 
Silas  A.  Felton. 

Elbridge  D.  Hadley,  Clerk.  J 


Died  February  7,  187 1.  t  Elected  March  14,  1871 . 

Resigned  December,  1871;  Thomas  W.  Lane  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 


MANCHESTER. 


1872. 


1873. 


MAYOR. 

PERSON  C.  CHENEY. 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  George  W.  Thayer. 

2.  Henry  Lewis. 

3.  Nehemiah  S.  Bean. 

4.  Horace  Pettee. 

5.  Lawrence  Foley. 

6.  Ephraim  S.  Harvey. 

7.  William  N.  Chamberlin. 

8.  Albert  A.  Woodward. 

CITY  CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Israel  W.  Dickey, 
Oscar  M.  Titus, 
Levi  L.  Aldrich. 

2.  Dana  D.  Towne, 
John  C.  Smith, 
Leonard  Shelters. 

3.  Henry  C.  Reynolds, 
Charles  A.  Smith, 
John  L.  Kelly. 

4.  Charles  R.  Colley, 
Jason  Weston, 
Joseph  L.  Smith. 

5.  John  L.  Kennedy, 
Austin  O'Malley, 
Patrick  Harrington. 

6.  Jacob  J.  Abbott, 

Edwin  Kennedy,  President, 
Jeremiah  Hodge. 

7.  James  C.  Russell, 
Benjamin  K.  Parker, 
Augustus  G.  Stevens. 

8.  Silas  A.  Felton, 
John  Field, 
Frank  D.  Hanscom. 


Thomas  W.  Lane, 


MAYOR. 

CHARLES  II.  BARTLETT,* 
JOHN  P.  NEWELL.t 

ALDERMEN. 

1.  Israel  W.  Dickey. 

2.  Jonathan  B.  Moore. 

3.  Nehemiah  S.  Bean. 

4.  Horace  Pettee. 

0.  John  Sweeney. 

6.  Ephraim  S.  Harvey. 

7.  Luther  E.  Wallace. 

8.  Albert  A.  Woodward. 

CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

1.  Levi  L.  Aldrich, 
Sam  C.  Lowell, 
James  L.  Sweet. 

2.  Leonard  Shelters, 
John  W.  Dickey, 
Frank  S.  Pushee. 

3.  Charles  A.  Smith,  President, 
Rufus  H.  Pike, 

Robert  G.  Annan.  , 

4.  Charles  R.  Colley, 
Joseph  L.  Smith, 
Jason  Weston. 

5.  John  L.  Kennedy, 
Patrick  Cullity, 
John  F.  Cah ill. 

6.  Henry  B.  Fairbanks, 
Amory  Cobb. 
Charles  K.  Tucker. 

7.  William  G.  Dunham, 
Isaac  W.  Darrah, 
Isaac  R.  Dewey. 

8.  Silas  A.  Felton, 
Frank  D.  Hanscom, 
John  Field. 

Sylvanus  B.  Putnam,  Clerk. 


t  Resigned  May,  1872;  Sylvanus  B.  Putnam  elected  to  till  vacancy. 
*  Resigned  February  18th,  1873.  t  Elected  to  fill  vacancy. 


CITY  OFFICERS:  1846-1875. 
1874-5. 


MAYOR. 

JAMES  A.  WESTOX. 


ALDERMEN. 


1.  Israel  \V.  Dickey. 

2.  Jonathan  13.  Moore. 

3.  George  11.  Simmons. 

4.  Martin  V.  J3   Edgerly. 


5.  John  L.  Kennedy. 

6.  John  M.  Hayes. 

7.  James  P.  Walker. 

8.  Silas  A.  Felton. 


CITY   CLERK. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett. 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 


Sam  C.  Lowell, 
James  L.  Sweet, 
James  Patten. 
John  W.  Dickey, 
Frank  S.  Pushee, 
Jonathan  Dodge. 
Rut  us  H.  Pike,  President, 
Robert  G.  Annan, 
Thomas  W.  Lane. 
Samuel  F.  Murry, 
Augustus  F.  Hall, 
John  K.  Piper. 

Sylvanus  B. 


5.  Patrick  Cullity, 
Patrick  Riordan, 
Patrick  J.  O'Neil. 

6.  Isaac  Huse, 
Jeremiah  Abbott, 
David  M.  Goodwin. 

7.  William  G.  Dunham, 
Isaac  W.  Darrah, 
Isaac  R.  Dewey. 

8.  Madison  Gerry, 
Warren  K.  Richardson, 
Lorenzo  D.  Colby. 

Putnam,  Clerk. 


CITY   TREASURERS. 

1846.         Thomas  Hoyt.  1849-50.  James  M.  Berry. 

1847-8.     Jacob  G.  Cilley.  1851-75.  Henry  R.  Chamberlin, 


CITY   SOLICITORS. 

1846-8.     Daniel  Clark.  1860. 

1849-50.  William  C.  Clarke.  1861-4. 

1851.         Daniel  Clark.  1865-6. 

1852-3.     David  Cross.  1867. 

1854-5.     Isaac  W.  Smith.*  1868-9. 

1855-6.     Samuel  D.  Lord.f  1870-2. 

1857.         Herman  Foster.  1873. 

1858-9.     Joseph  B.  Clark.  1874. 

*  Resigned  in  July,  1855. 


William  W.  Morris. 
Charles  W.  Johnson. 
Edward  S.  Cutter. 
Charles  II.  Bartlett. 
Cyrus  A.  Sulloway. 
Nathan  P.  Hunt. 
John  H.  Andrews. 
James  F.  Briggs. 


t  Elected  in  July,  1855. 


60  MANCHESTER. 

STATE  OF  THE  VOTE  FOK  MAYOR  AT  EACH  ELECTION, 


April  30. 
Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 


472 


George  W.  Morrison  (clem.),  316 
5bJ  Thomas  Brown  (temp.),          145 
Scattering,  103 


442 

106 
42 


No  choice. 


May  22. 


George  W.  Morrison 
Thomas  Brown  (temp.), 
Scattering, 
°u^      Jacob  F.  James  elected. 


51 


797 

689 

155 

20 


553 

479 

256 

53 


1848. 

March  14. 

Jacob  F.  -James  (whig), 
Moody  Currier  (dem.), 
Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (aboli 
tion), 

Thomas  Brown  (temp.), 
Scattering, 
No  choice. 


644 


Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 

ison  (dem.),  247 


Till  1850  a  majority  of  all  the  voles  cast  was  necessary 
for  an  election  ;  after  that  a  plurality.  The  second  Tues 
day  of  March  was  first  appointed  for  the  city  election,  but 
the  day  was  changed  in  1856  to  the  second  Tuesday  of  De 
cember.  In  1874  the  original  time  was  again  appointed  by 
the  legislature. 

1846. 
August  19. 

Hiram  Brown  (whig), 

William  0.  Clarke  (demo 
crat), 

Thomas  Brown  (temper 
ance), 

Scattering, 
No  choice. 

September  1. 

Hiram  Brown  (whig), 
Isaac  C.  Flanders  (dem.), 
Thomas  Brown  (temp.), 
Scattering, 

Hiram  Brown  elected. 

1847. 

March  9. 

Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Richard  H.  Ayer  (dem.), 
Thomas  Brown  (temp.), 
Scattering, 
No  choice. 

March  30. 

Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Richard  H.  Ayer  (dem.), 
Thomas  Brown  (temp.), 
Scattering, 
No  choice. 


78 
64 


886 
603 

266 
74 
14 


April  7. 

Jacob  F.  James  (whig),  618 

Mood}r  Currier  (dem.),  498 

Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.),  144 

Scattering,  82 
No  choice. 


VOTES  FOII  MAYOR:  1846-1875. 


61 


April  29. 

Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Moody  Currier  (dem.), 
Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.), 
Scattering, 
Jacob  F.  James  elected. 

1849. 
March  13. 

Mace  Moulton  (dem.), 
Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.), 
Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Scattering, 
No  choice. 

April  U'  1853. 

Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.),  367 

Jacob  F.  James  (whig),  344  Frederick  Smyth  (whig), 
Mace  Moulton  (dem.),  79  Stevens  James  (dem.), 

Scattering,  62  Scattering, 

No  choice.  Frederick  Smyth  elected. 


May  5. 

Joseph  Cochran, jr.,  (abo.), 
Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Walter  French  (dem.), 
Scattering, 
No  choice. 

June  2. 

Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.), 
Jacob  F.  James  (whig), 
Walter  French  (dem.), 
Scattering, 

.No  choice. 

October  6. 

Warren  L.  Lane  (dem.), 
Thomas  R.  Crosby  (whig), 
Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  (abo.), 
Scattering, 

Warren  L.  Lane  elected. 

1850. 

Moses  Fellows  (whig), 
Warren  L.  Lane  (dem.), 
Scattering, 
Moses  Fellows  elected. 


1851. 

644  Moses  Fellows  (whig),  893 

2K>  Walter  French  (dem.),  610 

64  Alonzo  Smith  (abo.),  257 

1^0  Scattering,  15 
Moses  Fellows  elected. 


1852. 

676  Frederick  Smyth  (whig).  934 

661  Walter  French  (dem.)',  727 

g(jy  Alonzo  Smith  (abo.),  87 

2i  Scattering,  87 
Frederick  Smyth  elected. 


1026 

604 

9 


255  Frederick  Smyth  (whig),      1344 
161  William  C.  Clarke  (dem.),     787 
17  Scattering,  10 

Frederick  Smyth  elected. 


338 


1855. 


185  Theodore  T.  Abbot  (know- 
152      nothing),  1995 

54  Frederick  G.  Stark  (dem.),     668 
Scattering,  7 

Theodore  T.  Abbot  elected. 


422 

268 

17 

9 


936 

8U3 

6 


1856. 
March  11. 

Theodore  T.  Abbot  (repub 
lican),  1104 
George  W.  Morrison  (dem.),  1041 

Scattering,  7 

Theodore  T.  Abbot  elected. 


62  MANCHESTER. 

1856.  1863. 

December  9.  Frederick  Smyth  (rep.),         968 

.).    ™  S^=«  ^  elected. 
Scattering,  17 

Jacob  F.  James  elected.  loo-i. 


1857. 


Darwin  J.  Daniels  (rep.),       966 
Joseph  Kiclder  (dem.),  403 


Alonzo  Smith  (rep.),  809      *  Darwin  J.  Daniels  elected. 
Edward  W.  Harrington 

(dem.),  754                          1865. 

Jacob  F.  James  (rep.),  368 

Scattering,  5  John  Hoslej  (md.),                 10o5 

Alonzo  Smith  elected.  Joseph  B.  Clark  (rep.),            968 

John  Hosley  elected. 
1858. 

Edward  W.  Harrington  1866< 

(dem.),  1100  Joseph  B.  Clark  (rep.),          1320 

Alonzo  Smith  (rep.),  1085  Edward  W.  Harrington 

Scattering,  4       (democrat),                            786 

Edward  W.  Harrington  elected.     Joseph  B.  Clark  elected. 

1859. 


Edward  W.  Harrington 

/(|em  )  -j^3,~  James  A.  Weston  (dem.),    1637 

Bradbury  P.  Cilley  (rep.),    1303  Joseph  B.  Clark  (rep.),        1355 
Scattering  1  Scattering,  4 

Edward  W.  Harrington  elected.     James  A-  Weston  elected. 

I860.  1868. 

David  A.  Bunton  (rep.),       1288  Isaac  W.  Smith  (rep.),          1490 
Bradbury  P.  Cilley  (hide-  James  A.  Weston  (dem.),     1467 

pendent),  842      Isaac  W.  Smith  elected. 

Scattering,  26 

David  A.  Bunton  elected.  1869. 

James  A.  Weston  (dem.), 
Isaac  W.  Smith  (rep.), 

David  A.  Bunton  (rep.),       1052      James  A.  Weston  elected. 

James  A.  Weston  (dem.),      800 

Scattering,  3  1870. 

David  A.  Bunton  elected. 

James  A.  Weston  (dem.),    1153 

1QP9  Andrew  C.  Wallace  (rep.),     957 

Peter  K.  Chandler  (temp.),    162 

Theodore  T.  Abbot  (rep.),     910  Scattering,  3 

James  A.  Weston  (dem.),      892       James  A.  Weston  elected. 
Theodore  T.  Abbot  elected. 

*Died  August  15,  1865.    John  Hosley  (republican)  elected  by  the  City  Councils. 


VOTES  FOR  MAYOR:  1846-1875.  63 

1871.  1873. 

Person  C.  Cheney  (rep.),      1676  James  A.  Weston  (dem.),    1580 

John  Hosley  (dem.),  1027  John  P.  Newell  (rep.),          1067 

Person  0.  Cheney  elected.         Charles  C.  Keniston  (temp.),  173 

James  A.  Weston  elected. 

1872. 

Charles  H.  Bartlett  (rep.),  1316 

Joseph  Kidder  (hid.),  935 

f  Charles  II.  Bartlett  elected. 

t  Resigned  February  18,  1872.    John  P.  Newell  (republican)  elected  by  the  City 
Councils. 


THE  CITY  OF   TO-DAY. 


1% 

*)  fell3  HE  Manchester  of  to-day  is  the  wonderful  outgrowtli 
of  a  town  which  once  had  the  name  of  being  the 
poorest  in  the  state.  It  is  situated  in  latitude  forty- 
two  degrees  fifty-three  minutes  north,  in  longitude  seven 
ty-one  degrees  thirty-one  minutes  nine  seconds  west,  its 
meridian  time  being  one  minute  and  thirty-one  seconds 
slower  than  that  of  Boston.  It  extends  up  and  down  both 
sides  of  the  Merrimack  river,  is  sixteen  miles  south  from 
Concord,  seventeen  north  from  Nashua,  forty-one  west  from 
Portsmouth,  twenty-six  northwest  from  Lawrence,  fifty-two 
north-northwest  from  Boston.  It  contains  twenty-one  thou 
sand  seven  hundred  acres,  about  one  quarter  of  which  is 
improved  land.  On  the  east  is  Massabesic  lake,  the  larg 
est  sheet  of  still  water  in  the  state  south  of  Concord, 
through  which  passes  the  line  between  Manchester  and  Au 
burn.  On  the  south  are  Litchfield  and  Londonderry,  on 
the  west  Bedford  and  Goffstown,  on  the  north  Goffstown 
and  Hooksett. 

It  was  the  first  city  incorporated  in  New  Hampshire,  is 
the  largest  and  wealthiest,  possesses  one-tenth  of  the 
state's  wealth  and  population,  produces  one-eighth  of  its 
manufactured  goods,  and  is  the  fourth  city  in  the  United 
States  in  the  value  of  its  cotton  and  woolen  manufactures. 
Thirty-five  years  ago  it  was  tenanted  by  less  than  a  thou 
sand  people,  while  to-day  it  counts  thirty  thousand  inhab- 


66  MANCHESTER. 

itants  and  has  over  six  thousand  two  hundred  ratable  polls. 
The  tax-list  of  1874  was  $312,835.95,  of  which  the  state 
tax  was  $36,428  ;  the  county  tax,  120,637.18  ;  and  the  mu 
nicipal  tax,  $255,770.77.  The  resident  tax  was  $311,717.- 
24 ;  the  non-resident  tax,  $1,008.71 ;  the  dog  tax,  $757. 
The  rate  of  taxation  was  twenty-four  dollars  and  sixty 
cents  on  a  thousand  dollars.  There  were  fourteen  hun 
dred  and  three  horses,  valued  at  $111,854 ;  five  hundred 
and  ninety-seven  cows  and  oxen,  valued  at  $17,342  ;  forty- 
one  sheep,  valued  at  $116  ;  carriages  valued  at  $37,126  ; 
six  hundred  and  twenty-five  male  and  sixty-six  female 
dogs.  The  money  in  the  city  at  interest  which  was  taxed 
was  $33,660  ;  the  value  of  the  stock  in  trade,  $1,174,290  ; 
of  stocks  in  banks,  $301,540  ;  of  factories  and  machinery, 
$2,930,900  ;  of  real  estate,  $7,488,224  ;  of  the  polls,  $621,- 
000.  The  total  assessed  valuation  was  $12,716,892,  which 
is  about  two-thirds  of  the  actual  value.  The  value  of  the 
city  property,  including  the  school  property,  is  about  $1,- 
350,000.  The  city  has  $50,000  invested  in  the  Suncook 
Valley  railway.  Its  debt  is  about  nine  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  dollars,  two-thirds  of  which  is  in  bonds  issued  to 
meet  the  expense  of  its  water- works,  while  the  rest  is  in 
city  bonds  and  individual  notes. 

Manchester  is  in  congressional  district  number  two,  in 
councilor  district  number  three,  and  is  the  whole  of  sena 
torial  district  number  three,  having,  of  course,  within  its 
limits,  the  state  senator,  the  Hon.  George  B.  Chandler.  It 
is  divided  into  seven  wards,  is  entitled  to  about  twenty-five 
state  representatives,  and  had  in  March,  1874,  nearly  forty- 
two  hundred  legal  voters.  It  is  the  residence  of  two  ex- 
governors — the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth  and  the  Hon.  Eze- 
kiel  A.  Straw  ;  of  the  present  governor  —  the  Hon.  James 
A.  Weston,  who  is  also  mayor  of  the  city  ;  of  the  county 
treasurer  —  Daniel  W.  Lane.  It  is  the  home  of  the  attor 
ney  general —  the  Hon.  Lewis  W.  Clark;  of  an  associate 


STREETS.  67 

justice  of  the  superior  court  of  judicature  —  the  Hon.  Isaac 
W.  Smith  ;  of  an  associate  justice  of  the  circuit  court  — 
the  Hou.  Clinton  W.  Stanley  ;  of  an  ex-judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  —  the  Hon.  Charles  R.  Morrison;  of  the 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  in  New  Hamp 
shire —  the  Hon.  Daniel  Clark  ;  of  two  United  States  com 
missioners —  the  Ho;i.  Charles  H.  Barfclett  and  the  Hon. 
Clinton  W.  Stanley ;  of  the  clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire 
district  court  —  the  Hon.  Charles  H.  Bartlett ;  of  two  ex- 
members  of  the  United  States  Senate  —  the  Hon.  Daniel 
Clark  and  the  Hon.  Samuel  N.  Bell  ;  of  an  ex-member  of 
the  United  States  House  of  Representatives  —  the  Hon. 
George  W.  Morrison  ;  of  the  collector  of  internal  revenue 
for  the  second  collection  district  —  Elijah  M.  Topliff;  of 
the  deputy  collector  —  Cyrus  A.  Sulloway ;  of  the  judge 
of  probate  for  Hillsborough  county  —  the  Hon.  Lucien  B. 
Clougli ;  of  the  late  judge  of  probate  —  the  Hon.  David 
Cross;  of  one  of  the  county  commissioners — Col.  George 
W.  Riddle. 

STREETS. 

Manchester's  centre  of  population  and  business  is  nearly 
half  way  from  its  northern  and  southern  limits  and  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Merrimack.  Along  the  latter's  east  bank 
are  stretched  its  manufactories,  their  canals  running  par 
allel  with  the  river  and  bordered  by  the  track  of  the  Con 
cord  railway  and  a  street  of  sixty  feet  in  width  which  be 
longs  to  the  corporations.  Forty  or  fifty  rods  to  the  east  of 
this  and  parallel  with  it,  at  an  elevation  of  ninety  feet  from 
the  surface  of  the  river,  extends  the  city's  main  thorough 
fare,  called  Elm  street,  two  miles  and  a  half  long,  paved  in 
part  with  granite  blocks,  bordered  with  brick  or  concrete 
sidewalks  and  shaded  with  trees.  It  was  laid  out  as  a  pub 
lic  highway  by  the  selectmen  of  the  town  on  the  fifth  of 


68  MANCHESTER. 

May,  1840,  one  hundred  feet  wide,  twelve  feet  on  each  side 
for  sidewalks  and  ten  feet  in  the  centre  for  ornamental 
trees.  Some  of  the  elms  which  gave  it  its  name  were  left 
standing  in  the  middle  of  the  street  till  the  gas  from  leaky 
pipes  destroyed  the  last,  in  front  of  Smyth's  block,  in  1855. 

Manchester  is  divided  into  thirteen  highway  districts, 
each  under  the  charge  of  a  superintendent  annually  elected 
by  the  city  councils,  of  which  district  number  two  includes 
the  city  proper  and  contains  six  miles  of  sewers.  In  the 
space  given  on  Western's  map,  which  includes  somewhat 
more  than  the  compact  part  of  the  city,  there  are  fifty- 
seven  miles  of  streets.  Outside  of  that  there  are  sixty 
more,  making  a  total  of  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles  of  streets  already  built  and  many  more  are  projected 
and  will  be  laid  out  before  long.  There  was  appropriated 
by  the  city  in  1874  for  repairs  of  highways  $18,500  ;  for 
paving  and  macadamizing  $10,000;  for  new  streets  $7,000. 
Including  paving  and  macadamizing,  this  would  give  $240 
as  the  sum  per  mile  expended  on  streets  already  built;  ex 
clusive  of  them,  $155. 

Within  the  compact  part  of  the  city  the  streets  run  nearly 
north  and  south,  east  and  west,  and  are  from  fifty  to  sixty 
feet  wide.  On  the  west  side  of  the  river  and  in  the  suburbs 
of  the  city  the  highways  conform  to  the  old  lines  of  travel. 
The  soil  is  generally  light  and  sandy,  some  portions,  how 
ever,  being  productive  and  easy  of  cultivation.  Granite 
ledges  are  found  in  the  northern  and  eastern  sections.  Its 
surface  is  generally  level,  but  there  are  several  hills  in  a 
group  in  the  northeast  part,  one  of  which,  just  to  the  east 
and  making  a  division  between  the  slopes  to  the  river  and 
the  lake,  -overlooks  the  whole  city  and  commands  an  exten 
sive  view  of  the  surrounding  country.  There  is  a  high 
bluff  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  to  which  the  name  of 
Rock  Rimmon  was  long  since  given  and  which  time  has 
corrupted  into  Rock  Raymond. 


STREAMS  AND  PONDS.  69 

STREAMS  AND  PONDS. 

Manchester's  largest  stream,  the  Merrimack  and  Piscata- 
quog  rivers  excepted,  is  Cohas  brook,  through  which  the 
waters  of  Massabesic  lake  run  four  miles,  falling  one  hun 
dred  and  twenty-five  feet  in  that  distance,  and  empty  into 
the  Merrimack  river.  The  lake  itself  is  about  four  miles 
from  the  city  proper,  contains  twenty-three  hundred  and 
fifty  acres  and  has  a  circumference  of  twenty-five  miles. 
It  is  divided  into  two  parts  each  about  one  mile  wide  and 
three  miles  long,  connected  by  a  narrow  stream  at  what  is 
called  "  Deer  Neck,"  to  one  of  wrhich  the  frequency  of  small 
islands  has  given  the  name  of  Island  pond. 

There  are  several  other  ponds  whose  outlets,  flowing 
across  it  from  east  to  west,  diversify  the  surface  of  the 
city.  Stevens  pond  lies  at  the  base  of  a  hill  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  city,  contains  twelve  acres  and  empties  into  the 
Merrimack  through  Cemetery  brook.  Long  pond  lies  south 
of  Massabesic,  and  its  outlet  is  the  Little  Cohas  brook.  It 
contains  thirty  acres.  Mosquito  pond  contains  eight  or  ten 
acres,  is  situated  near  the  school-house  in  district  number 
nine,  and  its  waters  flow  into  the  Great  Cohas.  Nutt's 
pond,  once  called  Fort  pond  because  a  fort  was  built  near 
its  western  shore  during  the  Indian  wars,  is  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  city.  It  contains  about  fifteen  acres  and  its 
waters  mingle  at  length  with  those  of  the  Merrimack. 
There  are  a  dozen  brooks  of  greater  or  less  size,  of  which 
the  most  important  are  Great  and  Little  Cohas  brooks, 
which  flow  respectively  from  Massabesic  lake  and  Long- 
pond  into  the  Merrimack  ;  Cemetery  brook,  once  known  as 
Amoskeag  brook,  which  empties  into  the  same  river  the 
waters  of  Stevens  pond  ;  Ray  brook,  which  rises  in  Hook- 
sett  and  flows  into  the  Merrimack  near  Amoskeag  Falls; 
Black  and  Millstone  brooks,  which  are  tributaries  of  the 
Merrimack  on  its  western  side  in  Amoskeag ;  and  Mile 


70  MANCHESTER. 

brook,  which  flows,  chiefly  in  culverts,  through  the  most 
densely  settled  parts  of  the  city,  carrying  the  waters  of  the 
ponds  on  Hanover  and  Merrimack  squares  into  the  Ceme 
tery  brook. 

VILLAGES. 

The  city  has  several  villages  which  arose  from  geograph 
ical  circumstance,  viz. :  Piscataquog,  Amoskeag,  Manches 
ter  Centre,  Goffe's  Falls,  Bakersville,  Hallsville,  Janes 
ville,  Youngsville  and  Towlesville.  Amoskeag  was  named 
from  the  falls  — "  the  place  of  much  fish;"  Piscataquog 
from  the  river  — u  the  place  of  much  deer;"  the  Centre 
because  it  was  the  original  town.  Goffe's  Falls  obtained 
its  designation  from  Col.  John  Goffe,  who  settled  there  in 
1734,  but  took  the  name  of  Moore's  village  after  the  Goffe 
farm  and  mills  passed  into  the  hands  of  Capt.  Samuel 
Moore  who  married  a  daughter  of  Col.  Goffe.  The  place 
is  now  known,  however,  as  Goffe's  Falls.  That  name  was 
originally  given  to  the  falls  in  Cohas  brook,  but  is  now 
applied  to  the  rapids  in  the  Merrimack  just  above  the 
brook's  mouth.  Bakersville  was  so  called  from  being  built 
upon  the  farm  of  the  late  Joseph  Baker.  Hallsville  was 
named  for  Joseph  B.  Hall,  once  a  large  real  estate  owner 
in  that  vicinity ;  Janesville  for  Mrs.  Jane  Southwark,  wife 
of  Taylor  M.  Southwark,  whose  maiden  name  was  Jane 
Young  and  who  inherited  the  land  there  ;  Towlesville  for 
Hiram  Towle  who  owned  the  territory  on  which  the  settle 
ment  stands  ;  Youngsville  for  the  Youngs  who  dwelt  there. 
The  last  five  were  built  on  land  beyond  that  which  was  in 
cluded  in  the  Amoskeag  Company's  purchases,  and  not 
many  years  ago  were  separated  from  the  compact  part  of 
the  city  by  woods.  Hallsville  and  Janesville  once  had  their 
tavern  and  stores,  but  they  are  all  now  only  localities,  their 
identity  being  slowly  lost  in  the  city's  expansion.  Man- 


SEWERS.  71 

Chester  Centre,  Amoskeag  and  Piscataquog  have  been  each 
the  centre  of  business  and  enterprise.  Of  these  the  Cen 
tre  was  entirely  bereft  by  the  railway,  but  Piscataquog, 
though  no  longer  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  river,  is 
a  thriving  village,  while  Amoskeag  has  been  till  recently 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes.  Goffe's  Falls,  as 
well  as  the  two  latter  places,  supports  stores  of  its  own, 
and  the  Cohas  brook  supplies  water  power  for  hosiery, 
crash  and  cassimere  mills.  The  trains  on  the  Portsmouth 
railway  stop  at  Hallsville  and  Massabesic  pond  ;  those  of 
the  North  Weare  at  Piscataquog ;  while  Manchester  itself, 
Amoskeag  and  Goffe's  Falls  are  stations  on  the  Concord 
railway. 

SEWERS. 

The  system  of  sewerage  in  the  compact  part  of  the  city 
is  based  upon  a  survey  and  report  made  in  1856  by  James 
Slade,  a  civil  engineer  in  the  employ  of  the  city  of  Boston, 
in  accordance  with  a  vote  of  the  city  councils.  By  this 
system  the  city  is  divided,  for  purposes  of  drainage,  into 
four  sections,  and  large  sewers  were  projected  in  Elm  and 
Union  streets  and  two  others  to  the  east,  running  north 
and  south  and  connecting  with  the  main  sewer  on  Cedar 
street,  running  east  and  west,  which  was  to  empty  into  the 
Merrimack  river  below  the  lowest  mill.  From  the  large 
sewers  branches  of  smaller  size  were  to  be  built  in  the 
streets  running  east  and  west,  and  from  these  again  other 
sewers  still  smaller  to  branch  into  the  streets  lying  north 
and  south  of  the  latter.  The  general  idea  of  this  plan  was 
adopted  by  the  city  and  new  sewers  are  built  and  old  ones 
repaired  in  accordance  with  it.  The  original  sewer  still 
remains  in  Elm  street  and  a  new  one,  egg-shaped,  of  six 
times  its  capacity,  has  been  built.  The  sewers  in  Union 
and  Cedar  streets  have  been  partially  built  and  the  other 


72  MANCHESTER. 

large  ones  are  not  yet  needed.  They  are  at  present  dis 
charged  into  Cemetery  brook  and  thence  into  the  lower  ca 
nal.  The  smaller  sewers  are  continually  being  replaced 
by  new  ones.  Piscataquog  village  is  drained  by  sewers 
in  Main  street,  emptying  into  Piscataquog  river,  and  in 
Granite  street,  emptying  into  the  Merrimack.  The  larg 
est  sewers  are  generally  of  brick,  though  partially  of  brick 
and  cement. 

SQUARES. 

To  the  Amoskeag  Company  Manchester  is  indebted  for 
five  public  commons  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  in  addition  to 
the  private  squares  which  surround  its  own  blocks  and 
those  of  other  corporations  and  the  lot  in  the  northeast 
part  of  the  city  which  encloses  its  reservoir.  These  com 
mons  are  known  as  Merrimack,  Concord,  Tremont,  Han 
over  and  Park  squares,  and  were  given  by  the  Company  on 
condition  that  the  city  should  never  build  upon  them  or  al 
low  roads  through  them,  should  keep  them  neat,  plant  trees 
and  lay  out  walks  within  them. 

Concord  square  was  the  first  in  the  city,  being  laid  out  in 
1839,  before  the  Company's  first  land  sale.  It  is  bounded 
by  Vine,  Concord,  Pine  and  Amherst  streets,  contains  four 
and  five-eighths  acres,  and  was  deeded  to  the  city  in  1848. 
It  was  stipulated  in  the  deed  that  an  iron  fence  should  be 
built  around  it  within  three  years,  but  this  has  not  yet 
been  done,  though  a  stone  edging  will  surround  it  in  an 
other  year.  Near  its  centre  is  a  small  pond  supplied  with 
water  from  the  pond  on  Hanover  square.  Many  of  the  old 
trees  remain  upon  it  and  new  ones  have  been  planted. 

Merrimack  square  is  the  largest  of  all,  containing  five 
and  seven-eighths  acres,  and  is  situated  between  Elm,  Mer 
rimack,  Chestnut  and  Central  streets.  It  was  given  to  the 
city  in  1848  on  condition  of  the  construction  of  an  iron 


% 


CEMETERIES.  73 

fence  about  it  within  five  years,  and  this  condition  has  been 
complied  with,  though  not  within  the  time.  There  is  a 
large  pond  on  its  northern  side,  supplied  by  a  culvert  which 
runs  into  it  from  Hanover  square. 

Tremont  square  is  the  smallest  in  the  city,  containing  but 
two  acres  and  a  half,  and  is  situated  between  Pine,  Bridge, 
Union  and  High  streets.  This  was  made  over  to  the  city 
in  1848  and  its  old  fence  was  replaced  by  one  of  wood.  It 
is  in  a  pleasant  part  of  the  city,  though  without  water  of 
any  kind,  and  part  of  the  original  forest  shades  it. 

Hanover  square,  the  gift  of  the  Company  in  1852,  is 
bounded  by  Union,  Amherst,  Beech  and  Hanover  streets, 
and  contains  four  acres.  The  Mile  brook  ran  through  it  and 
was  dammed  up  on  Union  street  to  make  a  pond.  This 
supplies  a  number  of  Reservoirs  with  water  for  fire  purposes, 
besides  feeding  the  ponds  on  Concord  and  Merrimack 
squares,  and  water  from  an  excellent  spring  on  its  south 
bank  is  carried  an  eighth  of  a  mile  in  pipes  to  rise  in  drink- 
ing-fountains  on  Elm  street. 

Park  square,  situated  between  Chestnut,  Park,  Pine  and 
Cedar  streets,  contains  three  acres  and  a  half,  is  very  level, 
without  water,  and  partially  shaded. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  city  owns  two  large  cemeteries,  beautiful  now  and 
growing  in  beauty  with  age.  The  older  of  the  two,  known 
as  the  "  Valley  Cemetery,"  is  situated  on  the  southern 
verge  of  the  compact  part  of  the  city,  and  the  industry  of 
business  is  encircling  it  .with  manufactories,  though  in  1840, 
when  the  Amoskeag  Company  gave  it  to  the  city,  it  was  con 
sidered  far  out  of  town.  It  contains  nineteen  and  seven- 
tenths  acres,  and  is  bounded  by  Auburn,  Pine,  Valley  and 
Willow  streets.  The  conditions  of  the  deed  are  such  that 
the  land  can  be  used  for  no  other  purpose  than  for  a  bury- 

5 


74  MANCHESTER. 

ing-ground  and  the  Company  reserved  the  right  to  flow  the 
valley  in  it  through  which  the  Cemetery  brook  passes.  The 
lots  are  now  all  taken  up,  and  as  early  as  1855  the  need  of 
another  resting-place  for  the  dead  became  so  apparent  as 
to  cause  the  purchase  by  the  city  in  that  year,  from  John  S. 
Kidder  and  George  M.  Flanders,  of  two  adjacent  tracts  of 
land  about  two  miles  and  a  half  south  of  the  city  hall,  be 
tween  the  Calef  road  and  the  River  road.  These  con 
tained  about  forty  acres  and  were  called  the  "  Pine  Grove 
Cemetery."  The  lack  of  natural  irrigation  has  been  here 
supplied  by  artificial  water-works,  and  art  has  added  to 
both  burial-grounds  what  nature  refused  to  supply. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  deed  of  the 
Valley  a  committee  was  appointed  in  1841  to  assume  its 
charge  and  has  been  annually  appointed  since,  the  Pine 
Grove  being  also  placed  under  its  care.  The  committee 
first  elected  went  to  work  with  a  will,  and,  having  obtained 
from  the  citizens  a  subscription  of  two  hundred  and  thirty- 
four  dollars,  spent  it  in  building  a  fence,  trimming  the  trees 
and  laying  out  walks.  The  formal  dedication  occurred  on 
the  fifth  of  July,  1841,  when  the  Sunday  schools  of  the  city, 
accompanied  by  many  citizens  and  escorted  by  the  Stark 
Guards,  marched  in  procession  to  the  spot.  An  address 
was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  George  W.  Gage  and  the  four  thou 
sand  people  present  joined  in  religious  services.  Thereafter 
the  town  appropriated  money  to  be  used  in  its  adornment, 
and  in  1846  a  thorn  hedge  was  planted  on  two  sides  and 
twenty-five  hundred  plants  set  out.  The  Pine  Grove  was  let 
for  pasturage  and  remained  unimproved  till  1858.  Each 
cemetery  is  in  care  of  a  superintendent.  In  1853  the  city 
bought  of  the  Hon.  David  A.  Bunton  a  lot  of  land  upon  the 
Calef  road  for  a  cemetery,  but  it  was  found  unsuitable  and 
the  Pine  Grove  was  bought.  This  lot  was  sold  in  1860  to 
James  Barrett,  who  mortgaged  it  to  the  city.  The  mort 
gage  was  foreclosed  in  1866  and  the  land  sold  to  William 
M.  Rolfc. 


RAILWAYS.  75 

There  are  also  the  old  bury  ing-ground  at  the  Centre, 
which  was  extensively  used  till  1840  ;  one  at  Goffe's  Falls  ; 
one  in  Arnoskeag;  one  in  Piscataquog;  one  just  upon  the 
western  limit  of  the  city  on  the  road  to  Araherst,  occupied 
by  the  Roman  Catholics  ;  one  near  the  school-house  at  Har 
vey's  mills,  known  as  the  "Merrill  cemetery;"  one  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  city,  formerly  known  as  the  "  Huse 
yard,"  and  now  as  "  Stowell's  ground  ;"  the  "  Ray  ceme 
tery"  on  the  River  road  near  Amoskeag  Falls;  "the  Forest 
cemetery "  on  the  old  Weston  farm  in  the  south-eastern 
part  of  the  city ;  and  a  small  yard  in  the  north  part  of  the 
city.  All  of  these  but  the  Catholic  burial-place  are  little 
used,  and  some  are  private  and  others  are  under  the  control 
of  the  city. 

RAILWAYS. 

The  Concord  railway  was  opened  to  the  public  from 
Nashua  to  Manchester  on  the  fourth  of  July,  1842,  and 
from  Manchester  to  Concord  on  the  first  of  the  following 
September.  An  additional  track,  to  accommodate  its  in 
creasing  business,  was  built  in  1846,  1847  and  1848.  The 
Manchester  &  Lawrence  railway  was  opened  to  Manches 
ter  November  13,  1849.  In  1850  a  railway  was  built  from 
Portsmouth  to  Candia,  Suncook  and  Concord,  called  the 
Portsmouth  &  Concord  railway.  It  did  not  pay  expenses 
and  in  1861  its  name  was  changed  to  the  Concord  &  Ports 
mouth,  the  track  between  Candia  and  Suncook  was  discon 
tinued,  a  new  track  built  from  Candia  to  Manchester,  and 
the  Concord  and  Lawrence  railways  built  jointly  the  piece 
from  Hooksett  to  Suncook.  The  New  Hampshire  Central 
railway,  now  known  as  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare  rail 
way,  was  built  in  1849  and  1850  from  Manchester  to  Hen- 
niker,  but  the  piece  between  North  Weare  and  Hennikcr 
was  torn  up  and  never  re-laid.  The  tearing-up,  which 


76  MANCHESTER. 

made  a  great  excitement  at  the  time,  was  done  on  Sunday, 
October  31,  1858,  by  a  gang  of  men  who  came  from  Con 
cord  with  four  locomotives,  and  the  reason  for  it  was  that 
it  suited  the  interests  of  the  owners  of  the  railway.  The 
Suncook  Valley  railway  was  built  from  Hooksett  to  Pitts- 
field  in  1869.  In  1865,  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  of 
the  city  councils,  a  survey  of  a  proposed  route  for  the  Man 
chester  &  Keene  railway  was  made  by  the  Hon.  James  A. 
Weston,  but  no  farther  steps  have  been  taken  by  Manches 
ter  towards  building  it.  The  building  now  used  as  a  car- 
house  by  the  Concord  railway  was  its  first  passenger  sta 
tion.  It  then  fronted  on  Canal  street  and  had  a  portico 
and  pillars  upon  that  side.  The  railway  ran  between  that 
and  the  freight  station  which  then  occupied  the  spot  where 
the  present  passenger  station  stands.  The  business  of  the 
corporation  had  increased  so  fast  by  1853  that  it  outgrew 
its  facilities,  and  its  cars  used  to  obstruct  public  travel  by 
remaining  on  the  track  at  the  crossing  of  Granite  street. 
The  city  brought  a  number  of  suits  against  it  and  meet 
ings  of  the  citizens  of  Manchester  and  Bedford  were  held 
to  endorse  the  action.  The  corporation  finally  agreed  to 
build  the  present  station,  which  was  completed  in  1855, 
and  the  suits  were  withdrawn.  A  new  freight  station 
was  erected  south  of  Granite  street.  Charters  have  been 
granted,  also,  for  railways  from  this  city  to  Claremont  and 
to  Ashburnham,  Mass.,  and  a  horse  railway  has  been  in 
corporated,  but  no  attempts  have  been  made  to  construct 
any  of  them. 

The  Concord  railway  runs  through  the  western  part  of 
the  city  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Merrimack  from  north  to 
south.  The  North  Weare,  the  Lawrence,  Portsmouth  and 
substantially  the  Suncook  Valley  railways  start  from  it. 
It  is  on  a  direct  route  to  the  White  Mountain  region, 
northern  Vermont,  New  York,  Montreal,  Ogdensburg  and 
the  great  lakes.  Stages  leave  daily  for  Candia  and  Deer- 


BRIDGES.  77 

field,  by  connecting  with  the  Portsmouth  train  at  Candia 
station,  and  for  Amherst,  Milford  and  New  Ipswich  on 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays.  The  agent  of  the 
Concord  railway  at  its  station  in  Manchester  is  Major  Jo- 
siah  Stevens,  who  had  been  master  of  transportation  at 
Concord  but  was  appointed  in  1869  to  succeed  W.  Henry 
Hurlbut  who  was  killed  by  an  accident  on  the  North  Weare 
railway.  The  present  ticket-seller,  Lon  Elliott,  was  ap 
pointed  the  same  year.  The  station-agent  at  Goffe's  Falls 
is  L.  P.  Moore  and  at  Amoskeag  is  Thomas  L.  Quimby. 
There  are  in  the  season  of  travel  seven  trains  north  daily  ; 
seven  south ;  two  to  North  Weare  and  return  ;  two  to 
Portsmouth  and  return  ;  three  to  Lawrence  and  return  ; 
two  to  Pittsfield  and  return.  It  is  estimated  that  two  hun 
dred  thousand  people  annually  buy  tickets  at  this  station. 
Allowing  fifty  to  a  car,  they  would  require  four  thousand 
cars,  and  these,  at  sixty  feet  to  a  car,  would  make  a  line 
over  forty-five  miles  long,  or  would  cover  the  track  from 
here  to  Portsmouth. 

BRIDGES. 

The  first  bridge  of  any  importance  within  the  limits  of 
Manchester  was  built  across  the  Cohas  brook  on  the  road 
leading  from  the  Centre  to  Londonderry  in  1738  at  private 
expense.  The  first  bridge  over  the  Merrimack  was  built 
iii  1792  at  the  foot  of  Bridge  street  by  a  corporation  and 
was  known  as  McGregor's  bridge.  This  went  to  ruin  about 
1815  and  was  replaced  in  1825  by  another.  Twelve  years 
later  it  was  bought  by  the  Amoskeag  Company  and  the  toll 
on  foot-passengers  abolished.  A  freshet  carried  off  two 
piers  in  1848,  but  these  were  replaced  and  the  bridge  re 
mained  till  1851,  when  it  was  entirely  swept  away  and  has 
not  been  re-built.  Granite  bridge  was  built  by  a  company 
at  what  was  known  as  "Merrill's  Ealls"  on  the  Merrimack 


78  MANCHESTER. 

in  1840.  Granite  street  was  built  at  the  same  time.  In 
1848  the  toll  was  abolished  and  the  bridge  became  the 
property  of  Manchester  and  Bedford.  The  ice-freshet  of 
1851  carried  it  off,  and  the  present  one  was  built  by  the 
two  towns  that  year.  When  Piscataquog  village  was  an 
nexed,  the  bridge  came  entirely  into  the  hands  of  Man 
chester.  A  bridge  was  built  in  1842  over  the  Merrimack 
at  Amoskeag  Falls  by  a  corporation.  It  was  made  a  free 
bridge  in  1852  and  carried  away  by  a  freshet  in  March  of 
the  next  year.  The  city  of  Manchester  re-built  it  in  1854. 
Several  bridges  over  the  Piscataquog  river  were  built  in 
early  days  by  the  town  of  Bedford,  the  last  one  previous  to 
the  annexation  of  part  of  it  to  Manchester  being  a  wooden 
one  which  was  put  up  in  1843.  This  was  burned  in  1862 
and  an  iron  one  immediately  replaced  it.  This  fell  in  Feb 
ruary,  1878,  under  a  loaded  team,  and  the  present  wooden 
one  was  built  to  take  its  place.  When  the  Concord  rail 
way  was  built  in  1842  a  single-track  bridge  was  carried 
over  the  Merrimack  at  Goffe's  Falls.  This  gave  way  in 
1869  to  a  double-track  bridge,  which  was  built  without  the 
detention  of  a  train.  The  bridge  over  the  Merrimack  on 
the  Manchester  and  North  Weare  railway,  originally  built 
in  1850,  was  burned  in  1871  and  a  new  one  was  construct 
ed  that  year.  Meanwhile  the  trains  ran  as  far  as  Piscata 
quog  village,  and  the  passengers  were  brought  over  to  the 
city  proper  in  carriages.  Ferries  which  had  long  existed 
at  different  points  upon  the  river  were  made  useless  by  the 
building  of  the  highway  bridges  and  were  discontinued. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The  Amoskeag  Falls  have  a  fall  of  fifty-four  feet  and  ten 
inches  ;  those  at  Lowell  have  one  of  thirty  feet  and  those 
at  Lawrence  of  twenty-eight.  The  dam,  by  which  the 
water  is  turned  into  the  canals,  cost  sixty  thousand  dol- 


INCIDENTALS.  79 

lars.  The  upper  canal  is  two  hundred  feet  more  than  a 
mile  long,  and  the  lower  is  a  mile  and  sixteen  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  in  length.  At  the  northern  end  of  the  canals 
are  situated  some  of  the  smaller  manufactories  of  the  city 
to  which  the  establishment  of  the  large  corporations  gave 
life,  and  the  place  is  called  Mechanics'  Row.  Its  business 
is  gradually  forsaking  it,  drifting  to  the  southern  portion 
of  the  town  in  the  vicinity  of  the  railways  and  using  steam 
power.  From  the  Row  the  large  mills  extend,  with  slight 
intervals,  to  the  lower  end  of  the  canals.  These  mills 
make  one  hundred  and  forty-three  miles  of  cloth  a  day,  set 
in  motion  nearly  three  hundred  thousand  spindles  and  sev 
enty-six  hundred  looms,  and  have  an  aggregate  monthly 
pay-roll  of  two  hundred  and  thirty  thousand  dollars.  By 
the  census  of  1870  the  capital  invested  in  the  city  in  man-: 
ufactures  of  all  kinds  was  nearly  ten  million  dollars  ;  the 
number  of  men,  women  and  children  employed  in  them, 
nine  thousand  ;  the  total  yearly  pay-roll,  three  million,  six 
hundred  and  seventy-four  thousand  dollars  ;  the  value  of 
the  manufactures,  eighteen  million  dollars.  The  city  makes 
now  five  million  dollars'  worth  more  goods  and  employs  a 
thousand  more  operatives. 

INCIDENTALS. 

There  is  one  through  express  in  Manchester,  north  and 
south,  started  when  the  Concord  railway  was  built  in  1842, 
the  late  Col.  James  S.  Cheney  being  its  first  messenger  and 
the  first  railway  expressman  in  Manchester.  There  is,  be 
sides,  one  south  to  Boston,  one  to  New  Boston  and  Frances- 
town,  one  to  North  Weare  and  Henniker  and  one  to  Can- 
dia  and  Deerfield.  There  are  two  telegraph  offices,  —  the 
Franklin  and  Western  Union.  There  are  eight  hotels, — 
the  Amoskeag  Hotel  in  Amoskeag  village,  the  Merrimack 
House  in  Piscataquog  village,  the  Massabesic  House  at 


80  MANCHESTER. 

Massabesie  lake,  the  Island  Pond  House  at  Island  pond, 
the  Manchester  House,  City  Hotel,  Haseltine  House  and 
National  Hotel,  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Manchester  has 
about  forty  lawyers,  thirty  doctors  and  twenty  clergymen. 
It  supports  two  daily  newspapers— the  ."  Mirror  and  Amer 
ican"  and  the  "  Manchester  Daily  Union  "  ;  three  weeklies 
— the  "  Mirror  and  Farmer,"  the  "  Union  Democrat "  and 
the  "  Saturday  Night  Dispatch  "  ;  one  monthly — the  "  New 
Hampshire  Journal  of  Music."  A  recent  estimate  made 
thirty-two  secret  organizations  in  the  city  and  allowed  them 
seven-eighths  of  the  citizens.  The  New  Hampshire  Agri 
cultural  Society  and  the  New  Hampshire  Poultry  Society 
have  their  headquarters  in  this  city,  where  the  treasurer  of 
both,  who  is  also  treasurer  of  the  New  England  Agricul 
tural  Society,  resides. 

THE  REFORM  SCHOOL. 

In  1855  the  state  legislature  passed  an  act  which  author 
ized  the  governor  and  council  to  appoint  a  board  of  three 
commissioners,  empowered  to  buy  a  tract  of  land  and  erect 
buildings  thereon,  to  provide  a  u  house  of  reformation  for 
juvenile  and  female  offenders  against  the  laws."  The  com 
missioners, — the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth  of  Manchester,  the 
Hon.  Matthew  Harvey  of  Concord  and  Hosea  Eaton  of  New 
Ipswich — were  appointed  that  year  and  selected  as  the  site 
for  the  house  proposed  the  farm  which  was  once  the  home 
of  Gen.  John  Stark,  two  miles  north  of  the  city  hall,  on 
the  Merrimack  river,  Concord  railway  and  River  road,  con 
taining  about  one  hundred  acres.  The  price  paid  was  ten 
thousand  dollars,  and  another  piece  of  ten  acres  was  bought 
soon  after  for  a  thousand  dollars  more.  The  building  was 
commenced  in  the  spring  of  1856,  finished  in  the  autumn 
of  1857  and  furnished  in  the  spring  of  1858.  Its  cost  was 
thirty-four  thousand  dollars  ;  the  total  cost,  therefore,  of 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS.  81 

building  and  land,  was  forty-five  thousand  dollars.  The 
house  was  dedicated  on  the  twelfth  of  May,  1858,  and  oc 
cupied  at  that  time,  when  the  first  superintendent,  Brooks 
Shattuck,  was  appointed.  He  was  succeeded  on  the  twen 
tieth  of  April,  1866, by  Isaac  H.  Jones.  Upon  his  departure 
Edward  Ingham  was  elected,  the  seventeenth  of  May,  1870. 
The  present  superintendent,  John  C.  Ray,  was  appointed  on 
the  second  of  July,  1874.  The  institution  is  now  known 
as  the  state  reform  school  and  is  under  the  management  of 
a  board  of  nine  trustees,  by  whom  ihe  superintendent  is 
chosen,  and  who  are  appointed  by  the  governor  and  council. 
The  farm  where  the  school  is  located  is  fertile  and  its  cul 
ture  affords  employment  to  the  inmates.  Upon  it  are  two 
unfailing  springs  of  pure  water.  The  number  of  inmates 
is  about  one  hundred,  all  but  a  few  of  whom  are  bojs.  Be 
sides  the  superintendent,  matron,  assistants  and  men  in 
charge  of  the  farm,  there  are  teachers  employed  who  give 
daily  instruction  to  the  inmates.  A  fire  on  the  twentieth 
of  December,  1865,  nearly  destroyed  the  building  arid  the 
children  were  temporarily  kept  in  the  buildings  known  as 
the  "  Stark  house  "  and  "  Gamble  house,"  which  had  stood 
near  by  since  the  early  settlement  of  the  town.  During 
their  residence  in  it  the  Stark  house  was  set  on  fire  and 
consumed.  As  soon  as  possible  after  the  fire,  the  old 
school  building  was  repaired  and  the  inmates  returned  to 
it.  The  institution  is  in  annual  receipt  of  interest  from  the 
legacies  of  James  McKeen  Wilkins  of  Manchester  and 
Moody  Kent  of  Pembroke,  which  amount  to  six  thousand 
and  three  thousand  dollars,  respectively. 

PUBLIC    BUILDINGS. 

The  county  jail  had  been  located  in  Amherst  since  the 
establishment  of  the  courts,  but  the  railways  made  Man 
chester  much  more  accessible  and  it  was  decided  that  its 


82  MANCHESTER. 

place  should  be  changed.  The  new  one  was  built  by  the  city 
of  Manchester  in  1863,  just  south  of  the  Valley  cemetery, 
on  a  lot  bought  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  and  containing 
one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  thousand  square  feet.  It  is 
a  brick  building  and  has  accommodations  for  seventy  in 
mates.  Gilbert  Hills  had  been  its  jailer  in  Amherst  and 
continued  in  office  till  1865,  when  Alfred  G.  Fairbanks  was 
appointed,  who  was  succeeded  in  1874  by  Nathan  H.  Pierce. 
The  latter,  Daniel  L.  Stevens,  John  L.  Kennedy,  Daniel  F. 
Healefy  and  Anson  Merrill  are  the  deputy  sheriffs  resident 
in  the  city. 

The  county  court-house  was  built  by  the  city  in  1868,  at 
a  cost  of  forty  thousand  dollars,  and  is  a  two-story  brick 
structure  situated  upon  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Frank 
lin  streets.  The  lot  where  it  stands  contains  nineteen 
thousand  square  feet,  and  was  bought  of  the  Amoskeag 
Company  in  1847  upon  condition  that  no  other  building 
than  one  to  be  used  for  city  or  county  purposes  should  be 
placed  there.  Two  terms  of  the  circuit  court  are  held 
yearly  in  Manchester. 

The  city  hall  stands  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Market 
streets  and  was  built  in  1845  at  a  cost  of  thirty-five  thou 
sand  dollars.  It  was  then  thought  to  be  the  finest  building 
in  the  state,  but  is  now  regarded  contemptuously  and  will 
give  place  to  another  before  many  years. 

The  old  town  farm  was  bought  in  1841  of  Moses  Davis 
for  four  thousand  dollars.  It  contained  one  hundred  acres 
and  was  situated  upon  Bridge  street  near  the  Mammoth 
road.  In  1846  there  was  added  to  this  a  farm  of  about  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  acres,  situated  upon  the  Mammoth 
road  and  adjacent  to  the  old  farm.  It  was  formerly  the 
property  of  Capt.  Ephraim  Stevens,  jr.,  and  passed  from 
him  into  the  hands  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  G.  Stark,  who 
sold  it  to  the  city  for  six  thousand  dollars.  The  widow 
of  Capt.  Stevens  was  also  paid  a  thousand  dollars  to  relin- 


GOVERNMENT.  83 

quish  her  right  of  dower.  Some  of  the  land  has  been  sold 
and  there  now  remains  of  both  farms  about  two  hundred 
and  twelve  acres.  The  poor,  who  had  been  kept  on  the 
Davis  farm,  were  moved  in  1846  to  the  building  which  is 
now  used  as  a  poor-house  and  house  of  correction  and 
which  was  a  large  tavern  when  the  stage-coaches  ran  daily 
over  the  Mammoth  road.  On  the  old  farm  is  an  unused 
pest-house  and  a  pound.  A  new  pest-house  was  built  of 
brick  in  1874  upon  the  old  farm  near  the  Mammoth  road. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  government  of  the  city  is  vested  in  a  mayor,  seven 
aldermen,  one  from  each  ward,  and  twenty-one  members  of 
the  common  council,  three  from  each  ward,  all  elected  an 
nually  by  the  people.  The  mayor  is  chairman  of  the  board 
of  mayor  and  aldermen  and  the  city  clerk  is  the  clerk  of 
the  board.  The  common  council  chooses  a  presiding  officer 
from  its  members  and  appoints  a  clerk.  The  salary  of  the 
mayor  is  one  thousand  dollars,  and  the  city  clerk,  whose 
duties  are  those  of  the  clerk  of  any  corporation  with  indef 
inite  and  numberless  additions,  receives  the  same  wages 
with  the  fees  added.  The  salary  of  the  clerk  of  the  com 
mon  council  is  one  hundred  dollars.  The  aldermen  and 
councilmen  give  their  services  to  the  city  without  pecuniary 
return.  Seven  assessors,  one  from  each  ward,  elected  annu 
ally  by  the  people,  are  paid  three  dollars  a  day  while  at 
work  upon  the  tax-list.  One  moderator,  one  ward-clerk  and 
three  selectmen  are  elected  annually  from  each  ward.  The 
moderator  is  paid  three  dollars  a  year  and  the  clerk  and 
selectmen  five  dollars  eacl*  One  overseer  of  the  poor,with 
a  salary  of  twenty-five  dollars,  is  elected  annually  by  the 
people  of  each  ward.  The  city  councils  in  convention  elect 
the  city  clerk  and  the  city  treasurer,  each  with  a  salary  of 
a  thousand  dollars  ;  the  city  solicitor  who  receives  one  hun- 


84  MANCHESTER. 

dred  dollars;  the  city  physician  whose  salary  is  fifty  dollars; 
the  city  messenger  who  is  paid  six  hundred  dollars  ;  the 
superintendent  of  the  poor-farm  and  keeper  ol  the  house 
of  correction,  whose  wages  are  five  hundred  dollars  ;  the 
superintendents  of  highways,  of  whom  the  superintendent 
in  district  number  two  receives  three  dollars,  and  the  rest 
two  dollars,  per  day  of  actual  service  ;  and  several  minor 
officers.  The  board  of  mayor  and  aldermen  appoints  annu 
ally  a  collector  of  taxes  with  a  salary  of  one  thousand 
dollars,  and  a  city  liquor  agent  with  a  salary  of  one  hundred 
dollars.  The  mayor  annually  appoints  three  health  officers 
who  receive  twenty-five  dollars  each. 

POLICE. 

The  police  court  was  established  with  the  city  and  its 
first  justice  was  the  Hon.  Samuel  D.  Bell,  who  assumed  the 
office  in  October,  1846.  Upon  his  appointment  as  justice 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  he  was  succeeded  in  June, 
1848,  by  the  Hon.  Chandler  E.  Potter,  who  served  till  July, 
1855,  when  the  Hon.  Isaac  W.  Smith  was  appointed.  Upon 
his  retirement  in  February,  1857,  the  Hon.  Samuel  Upton 
succeeded  to  the  office  and  continued  in  it  till  July,  1874, 
when  the  present  justice,  the  Hon.  Joseph  W.  Fellows,  was 
appointed.  The  special  justices  during  this  time,  of  whom 
there  were  two  in  office  at  once  till  the  amendment  of  the 
city  charter  in  June,  1848,  reduced  the  number  by  one, 
were  Isaac  Riddle,  Joseph  Cochran,  jr.,  Warren  L.  Lane, 
George  Bell,  Amos  B.  Shattuck,  Elijah  M.  Topliff,  Henry 
E.  Burnham  and  Newton  H.  Wilson.  Judge  Potter  and 
Judge  Smith,  in  whose  time  there  was  little  room  in  the 
city  hall  to  spare,  held  court  in  the  rooms  in  the  rear  of 
the  second  floor  of  Riddle's  building  on  the  corner  of  Elm 
and  Hanover  streets.  In  1857,  during  Judge  Upton's  ad 
ministration,  the  hall  of  the  city  building,  which  had  occu- 


FIRE  DEPARTMENT.  85 

pied  the  whole  space  from  the  second  floor  to  the  roof,  was 
divided  horizontally  by  a  third  floor,  and  in  the  space  thus 
gained  rooms  were  built  to  one  of  which  the  court  was 
removed. 

The  officers  of  the  court  at  present  consist  of  a  justice, 
a  special  justice  to  officiate  in  the  former's  absence,  and  a 
clerk.  The  justice  is  the  Hon.  Joseph  W.  Fellows  and  his 
salary  is  fifteen  hundred  dollars.  The  special  justice  is 
Newton  H.  Wilson,  who  receives  two  dollars  for  each  day 
of  actual  service.  The  clerk  is  Roland  C.  Rowell  and  his 
salary  is  three  hundred  dollars.  The  criminal  docket  is 
called  daily  and  the  civil  docket  on  the  first  Wednesday  of 
each  month.  The  court  was  made  in  1874  a  court  of  rec 
ord  and  naturalization.  The  criminal  cases  of  1873  were 
nearly  fifteen  hundred  and  the  amount  of  fines  and  costs 
nearly  ten  thousand  dollars,  which  is  one  source  of  income 
to  the  city. 

The  police  force  consists  of  a  city  marshal,  with  a  salary 
of  nine  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  ;  an  assistant  marshal 
with  a  salary  of  seven  hundred  and  seventy-five  dollars ;  a 
captain  of  the  night  watch,  who  receives  two  dollars  and  a 
half  a  day  ;  two  day  policemen  and  twelve  night  watchmen 
who  receive  two  dollars  and  twenty-five  cents  a  day  ;  six 
constables  of  whom  the  marshal  and  assistant  marshal  are 
two  ;  besides  a  large  number  of  special  police  officers. 
These  are  all  appointed  annually  by  the  board  of  mayor 
and  aldermen.  The  cost  of  the  department  to  the  city  in 
1873  was  about  nineteen  thousand  dollars. 

FIRE    DEPARTMENT. 

The  fire  department  consists  of  a  chief  engineer  and  four 
assistant  engineers,  four  engine  companies,  to  consist  of 
not  over  fourteen  members,  one  hose  company  and  one 
hook  and  ladder  company,  to  consist  of  not  over  thirty 


86  MANCHESTER. 

members  each.  The  engineers  are  annually  elected  by  the 
city  councils.  The  salary  of  the  chief  is  one  hundred  dol 
lars,  and  of  the  assistants  fifty  dollars.  The  members  of 
the  department  receive  a  salary  of  fifty  dollars  each,  with 
higher  wages  for  certain  officers.  The  list  of  the  compa 
nies  is  as  follows  :  Amoskeag  Steamer  Company  Number 
One,  fourteen  men,  George  R.  Simmons  foreman  ;  Fire 
King  Steamer  Company  Number  Two,  fourteen  men,  James 
F.  Pherson  foreman  ;  E.  W.  Harrington  Steamer  Company 
Number  Three,  twelve  men,  John  Patterson  foreman  ;  N. 
S.  Bean  Steamer  Company  Number  Four,  fourteen  men,  W. 
H.  Vickery  foreman ;  Pennacook  Hose  Company  Number 
One,  twenty  men,  Thomas  W.  Lane  foreman  ;  Excelsior 
Hook  and  Ladder  Company  Number  One,  thirty  men,  John 
N.  Chase  foreman.  Pennacook  is  the  name  of  the  In 
dians  who  dwelt  around  the  falls  and  Amoskeag  the  name 
the  falls  were  given  by  them.  Such  titles  as  Fire  King  and 
Excelsior  need  no  explanation  and  the  other  steamer  com 
panies  were  named  in  honor  of  former  engineers. 

This  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  vote  of  the  town  in  1839  to 
buy  a  fire  engine  and  necessary  apparatus.  Others  were 
bought  as  required  and  those  which  were  owned  by  the 
manufacturing  corporations  were  added  to  them,  so  that 
there  were  some  eight  or  ten  engine  and  hose  companies 
under  the  city's  control  when  the  first  steam  fire  engine, 
the  first  the  Amoskeag  Company  ever  made,  was  bought  in 
1859.  From  that  time  on,  as  more  steamers  were  bought 
and  the  old  hand  engines  discarded,  a  gradual  reduction  of 
the  members  of  the  fire  department  brought  it  to  its  pres 
ent  proportions. 

The  four  steamers  are  all  of  the  Amoskeag  Company's 
make,  two  first-class  and  two  second-class,  three  of  which, 
with  a  hose  carriage  and  hook-and-ladder  wagon,  are  lo 
cated  in  the  brick  engine-house  on  Vine  street,  while  the 
other  is  situated  in  Piscataquog  village.  A  hose  carriage, 


FIRE  DEPARTMENT.  87 

from  the  Company's  shop,  has  recently  been  added,  and 
the  one  which  was  used  by  the  Pennacooks  will  be  put  in 
charge  of  a  new  company  not  yet  formed.  There  is,  be 
sides,  a  hose  carriage  at  Goffe's  Falls  and  one  at  Amoskeag. 
There  are  scattered  all  over  the  thickly  settled  part  of  the 
city  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  hydrants  supplied  from 
the  water-works  and  thirty-;- even  reservoirs  and  cisterns 
supplied  from  brooks  and  ponds.  The  department  uses  ten 
thousand  feet  of  hose  ;  the  total  value  of  its  engines,  car 
riages,  hose,  etc.,  is  not  far  from  thirty-two  thousand 
dollars  ;  and  its  cost  in  1873  was  nearly  fourteen  thousand 
dollars. 

A  fire  alarm  telegraph  was  constructed  in  1872  at  a  cost 
of  sixteen  thousand  dollars.  It  is  a  network  of  seventeen 
miles  of  wire,  traversing  the  compact  part  of  the  city  and 
reaching  to  Amoskeag  and  Piscataquog  villages,  Hallsville 
and  Bakersville.  There  are  thirty-three  alarm  boxes, whose 
keys  are  kept  at  houses  or  stores  in  their  immediate  vicin 
ity,  and  five  strikers,  situated  on  the  city  hall,  the  Lincoln- 
street  and  Ash-street  school-houses,  the  engine-house  in 
Piscataquog  village  and  a  tower  at  the  north  end  of  the  city. 
There  are  three  large  gongs,  one  at  the  Amoskeag  machine 
shop  and  two  at  the  engine-house,  and  eight  small  gongs 
upon  the  houses  of  the  engineers  arid  others. 

Connected  with  the  department  is  a  firemen's  relief  as 
sociation,  a  tax  upon  whose  members  is  levied  for  the  as 
sistance  of  any  one  of  them  who  is  hurt  at  a  fire.  It  was 
organized  on  the  fourteenth  of  February,  1873,  and  has 
about  one  hundred  members.  Its  president  is  B.  C.  Ken 
dall  ;  its  vice-president,  Joel  Daniels ;  its  secretary,  J.  E. 
Merrill ;  its  treasurer,  Horatio  Fradd. 


MANCHESTER. 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Iii  1795  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  Derryfield  and  its 
vicinity  established  themselves  as  u  The  Proprietors  of  the 
Social  Library  in  Derryfield."  The  association  was  con 
tinued  till  1833  when  it  was  dissolved  and  the  books  di 
vided  among  the  members.  The  "  Manchester  Athene- 
urn "  was  established  on  the  nineteenth  of  February,  1844. 
Its  members  formed  a  library,  museum  and  reading-room. 
In  1846  it  received  from  the  Amoskeag  Company  a  gift  of 
one  thousand  dollars,  and  of  five  hundred  from  the  Stark 
Mills,  and  the  next  year  the  Manchester  Print-Works  made 
a  donation  of  five  hundred  dollars.  In  1854  the  library 
contained  nearly  three  thousand  volumes  and  in  that  year, 
after  an  act  to  authorize  the  transaction  had  been  passed 
by  the  legislature,  the  property  of  the  Atheneum  was 
transferred  to  the  city  and  the  library  was  made  free.  By 
the  conditions  of  the  deed  the  city  must  make  an  annual 
appropriation  of  a  thousand  dollars  for  the  purchase  of 
books  and  provide  for  meeting  the  running  expenses.  The 
entire  management  of  the  library  was  to  be  vested  in  a 
board  of  nine  trustees,  of  whom  the  mayor  and  president 
of  the  common  council  for  the  time  being  are  ex-offido 
members,  and  the  rest  are  chosen  by  the  trustees  and  al 
dermen  in  convention.  When  first  chosen  they  were  to 
hold  their  office  severally  for  one,  two,  three,  four,  five, 
six  and  seven  years,  and  as  one  retired,  his  place  was  filled 
by  another  who  was  elected  for  seven  years.  The  library 
prospered  finely  till  1856,  when  the  fire  of  the  fifth  of  Feb 
ruary  in  Patten's  block,  where  it  was  situated,  nearly  an 
nihilated  it.  Its  remains  were  taken  to  Smyth's  block  and 
thence  to  rooms  in  Merchants'  Exchange,  but,  after  the  re 
building  of  Patten's  block,  were  removed  to  it  in  1857.  In 
July,  1871,  it  was  located  in  a  brick  building  erected  for  its 
use  at  a  cost  of  thirty  thousand  dollars  upon  a  lot  on  Frank 
lin  street  which  was  given  by  the  Amoskeag  Company. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY.  89 

The  first  board  of  trustees  elected  consisted  of  Samuel 
D.  Bell,  Daniel  Clark,  David  Gillis,  William  P.  Newell, 
Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  William  C.  Clarke,  Samuel  N.  Bell.  In 
1862  David  Gillis  was  succeeded  by  Samuel  Webber,  and 
he  in  1865  gave  place  to  Phinehas  Adams.  Upon  the 
death  of  Samuel  D.  Bell  in  July,  1868,  Waterman  Smith 
was  appointed  and  lie  in  1873  was  succeeded  by  Nathan  P. 
Hunt.  Upon  the  death  of  William  C.  Clarke  in  April, 
1872,  Isaac  W.  Smith  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy.  The 
remaining  trustees  have  been  re-elected  as  often  as  their 
terms  expired.  Samuel  N.  Bell  has  been  the  treasurer  of 
the  board  from  its  formation.  William  C.  Clarke  was  its 
clerk  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  the  vacancy  being  filled 
by  the  election  of  Isaac  W.  Smith.  Francis  B.  Eaton  was 
the  librarian  from  1854  till  October,  1863,  when  he  re 
signed  and  Marshall  P.  Hall  was  appointed.  He  served 
till  June,  1865,  and  was  then  succeeded  by  Ben:  F.  Stan- 
ton.  The  latter  in  April,  1866,  gave  place  to  Charles  H. 
Marshall,  the  present  incumbent. 

There  are  now  in  the  library  about  seventeen  thousand 
seven  hundred  volumes,  in  which  are  reckoned  about  nine 
hundred  pamphlets  and  eighteen  maps.  With  it  is  con 
nected  a  reading-room,  supplied  with  sixty  periodicals,  and 
both  are  open  eight  hours,  day  and  evening,  six  days  in  the 
week,  throughout  all  but  six  weeks  of  the  year.  The  late 
Dr.  Oliver  Dean,  who  was  so  prominent  in  connection  with 
the  early  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city,  left  the  li 
brary  five  thousand  dollars,  whose  income  must  be  devoted 
to  the  purchase  of  books.  In  1872  it  was  given  by  the  late 
Hon.  Gardner  Brewer  of  Boston  a  collection  of  six  hun 
dred  and  eighty-three  volumes,  many  of  them  valuable 
works,  and  which  is  known  as  the  "  Brewer  Donation." 
The  salary  of  the  librarian  is  eight  hundred  dollars,  and 
the  annual  cost  of  the  library,  outside  of  the  necessary 
appropriation  of  a  thousand  dollars,  is  not  far  from  two 

6 


90  MANCHESTER. 

thousand  dollars.  During  the  two  hundred  and  forty  days 
in  which  the  library  was  open  in  1873  for 'the  delivery  of 
books  the  number  drawn  was  thirty-five  thousand  one  hun 
dred  and  eighty,  a  daily  average  of  one  hundred  and  forty- 
six,  and  of  these  only  four  were  missing  at  the  end  of  the 
year. 

WATER-WORKS. 

It  has  been  mentioned  that,  startled  by  the  burning  of 
the  town-house  in  1844,  the  town  chose  a  committee,  one 
of  whose  members,  the  Hon.  E.  A.  Straw,  is  the  president 
of  the  present  board  of  water  commissioners,  to  examine 
the  sources  of  water  supply  for  the  town.  It  had  been  sup 
posed  that  the  brooks  which  crossed  it  would  furnish  all 
the  water  that  was  needed  at  a  moderate  cost,  but  the  com 
mittee,  after  making  the  necessary  surveys,  reported  that 
Massabesic  pond  was  the  only  sufficient  source.  The  cost 
of  bringing  it  thence  was  an  insurmountable  obstacle,  and 
the  citizens  contented  themselves  with  small  reservoirs. 
But  the  matter  was  continually  coming  up  in  one  way  and 
another.  Private  enterprise  attempted  what  the  town 
shrank  from  doing.  In  1845  the  Manchester  Aqueduct 
Company  was  chartered  by  the  legislature  ;  in  1852  the 
Manchester  Aqueduct  obtained  a  charter,  as  did  a  company 
of  the  same  name  in  1857  ;  the  last  organization  of  the 
kind  was  in  1865  when  the  City  Aqueduct  was  incorpo 
rated.  The  city  was  asked  to  take  stock  in  the  latter  but 
refused.  All  three  organizations  failed  of  their  mission, 
being  generally  unwilling  to  undertake  a  work  of  so  much 
magnitude  and  whose  results  were  doubtful.  In  1860  the 
Hon.  James  A.  Weston,  the  Hon.  Jacob  F.  James  and  the 
Rev.  William  Richardson  made  a  large  number  of  sur 
veys  and  reported  upon  them.  Another  report  was  made 
by  J.  B.  Sawyer  in  1869.  In  1871  the  city  councils  ap 
pointed  a  committee  to  conduct  an  examination  of  the 


WATER- WORKS.  91 

sources  of  water  supply  to  be  made  by  a  competent  engin 
eer.  The  committee  selected  William  J.  McAlpine  of  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.,  for  that  purpose,  and  he,  after  a  personal  ex 
amination  of  the  neighborhood,  delivered  a  public  lecture 
upon  the  subject  and  made  a  report  which  was  published 
at  the  time,  recommending  Massabesic  pond  as  the  most 
available  source  of  supply. 

It  had  at  length  been  discovered  that  the  construction 
and  control  of  water-works  would  be  better  conducted  by 
the  city  than  by  private  enterprise,  and  in  1871  the  city 
councils  requested  of  the  state  legislature  authority  for  the 
undertaking.  That  authority  was  granted  by  the  act  of  the 
thirtieth  of  June.  1871,  and  on  the  first  day  of  August  an 
ordinance,  in  accordance  with  the  act,  was  passed  by  the 
city  councils.  The  city  was  empowered  by  the  legislature 
to  construct  water-works  at  a  cost  of  not  over  six  hundred 
thousand  dollars  to  be  raised  by  loan  or  taxation,  and  to 
appoint  a  board  of  seven  commissioners  to  have  them  in 
charge,  of  which  the  mayor  is  an  ex-officio  member.  There 
were  elected  by  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  in  whom  the 
choice  was  vested,  the  Hon.  E.  A.  Straw,  the  Hon.  E.  W. 
Harrington,  the  Hon.  William  P.  Newell,  Aretas  Blood, 
Alpheus  Gay,  A.  0.  Wallace.  The  Hon.  S.  N.  Bell  was 
chosen  their  clerk  by  the  board.  By  the  terms  of  the  act 
these  were  to  hold  office  one,  two,  three,  four,  five  and  six 
years  respectively,  the  length  of  each  commissioner's  term 
of  office  to  be  determined  by  lot,  and  thereafter  upon  the 
retirement  of  each  member  one  was  to  be  chosen  for  the 
term  of  six  years.  The  retiring  members  have  thus  far 
been  re-elected. 

The  commissioners  were  directed  by  the  city  councils  to 
examine  carefully  different  systems  of  water-works,  especi 
ally  the  direct-pressure  system,  so  called,  and  they  visited 
for  this  purpose  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  Montreal,  P.  Q.,  Nor 
wich,  Conn.,  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  other  places  where 


92  MANCHESTER. 

water-works  were  in  operation.  They  employed  Col.  J.  T. 
Fanning,  who  had  superintended  the  construction  of  water 
works  at  Norwich,  to  make  surveys  of  water-sheds  in  the 
vicinity,  and  his  report  favored  the  adoption  of  Massabesic 
lake  as  a  source  of  supply.  Among  the  different  sources 
which  had  been  considered  were  Merrimack  and  Piscata- 
quog  rivers,  Dorr,  Chase,  Burnham,  and  Stevens  ponds, 
Maple  Falls  brook  and  Sawyer  pond  combined,  and  Massa 
besic  lake.  In  April,  1872,  a  public  hearing  was  given  by 
the  commissioners  to  all  persons  interested  and  then  a  vote 
was  taken  to  determine  what  source  should  be  used.  The 
result  of  the  ballot  was,  five  in  favor  of  Massabesic  lake, 
one  in  favor  of  Burnham's  pond  and  one  in  favor  of  the 
latter  as  a  present  source  of  supply.  After  the  choice  had 
thus  been  made,  it  was  decided  to  adopt  hydraulic  power 
as  a  means  for  pumping  the  water,  and  to  locate  the  pump 
ing  station  near  the  old  Haseltine  mill-site,  the  dam  across 
Cohas* brook  near  the  Clough  &  Foster  saw-mill  and  the 
distributing  reservoir  upon  the  summit  of  the  hill  at  Man 
chester  Centre  near  the  "  old  parsonage."  After  these  pre 
liminaries  had  been  settled  and  Col.  Fanning  had  been  ap 
pointed  chief  engineer  of  the  water-works,  the  necessary 
plans  were  drawn  and  contracts  made  ior  the  supply  and 
laying  of  the  pipes,  the  necessary  machinery,  etc.  Land 
which  might  be  flowed  by  the  dam  at  the  lake  was  acquired 
from  the  owners.  The  work  was  begun  in  July,  1872, 
and  finished,  substantially,  in  the  fall  of  1874,  occupying 
over  two  years  in  all,  and  costing  about  the  amount  al 
lowed  by  the  legislative  act,  —  six  hundred  thousand  dol 
lars.  In  Judge  Potter's  history  of  Manchester,  published 
in  1856,  the  hope  is  expressed  that  the  water  of  Massabesic 
lake  may  be  brought  into  the  city  at  no  distant  day.  u  It 
is  estimated,"  says  he,  "that  by  a  dam  at  these  falls  (the 
present  location  of  the  water-works  dam)  the  water  of  the 
Massabesic  can  be  brought  into  the  city  for  eighty  thousand 


WATER-WORKS.  93 

dollars."     Water  was  pumped  from  the  lake  into  the  city 
on  the  fourth  of  July,  1874. 

Massabesic  lake,  which  has  thus  been  irrevocably  fixed 
as  the  source  of  supply  for  some  time  to  come,  lies  easterly 
of  the  city,  has  an  area  of  twenty-four  hundred  acres,  a 
water-shed  of  forty-five  square  miles  and  a  circumference 
of  twenty  miles  on  the  shore  line.     Dr.  S.  Dana  Hayes, 
state  assayer  of  Massachusetts,  has  made  an  analysis  of 
its  water  and  declares  it  "  remarkably  pure,  being  prefer 
able  to  that  now  supplied  to  any  of  the  large  cities  in  the 
United  States."     The  amount  of  its  flow  is  estimated  to 
be  not  less  than  forty  million  gallons  a  day.     At  its  outlet 
by  Cohas  brook  a  dam  has  been  built  of  granite  masonry 
and  hard  earth  embankments  to  a  height  of  twenty-four 
feet  from  the  lake's  level.     The  water  flows  through  gate 
ways  from  the  pent-up  brook  into  a  canal  of  fourteen  hun 
dred  feet  in  length  and  through  a  wooden  cylinder  called  a 
"  penstock,"  six  hundred  feet  long,  to  the  wheels  which  it 
drives  and  the  pumps  which  it  feeds.     Thence  it  is  driven 
through  the  force-main,  seven  thousand  feet  long  and  twenty 
inches  in  diameter,  to  the  reservoir  at  Manchester  Centre, 
whence  it  issues  to  radiate  through  twenty  miles  of  pipe  in 
the  city  proper,  reaching  Elm  street  in  a  distance  of  thir 
teen  thousand   five  hundred  feet  through  twenty-inch  pipe 
laid  in  the  highway  through  Massabesic  and  Park  streets. 
The  Amoskeag  Company's  reservoir  was  used  by  the  water 
works  after  their  distribution  pipe  had  been  laid,  and  alter 
the  pumping  machinery  had  been  set  the  lake's  water  was 
pumped  into  it  till  the  completion  of  the   reservoir  at  the 
Centre.    That  has  a  capacity  of  sixteen  million  gallons.    It 
is  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  feet  above  Elm  street  at  the 
city  hall,  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  feet  above  the  level 
of  Canal  street  at  the  Concord  railway  passenger  station, 
and  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  in  vertical  height  from 
the  pumps  which  supply  it. 


94  MANCHESTER. 

The  house  which  contains  the  pumping  machinery  and  a 
tenement  for  the  use  of  the  man  in  charge  of  it  is  located 
a  short  distance  from  the  lake.  It  is  seventy  feet  long 
and  forty-five  feet  wide  and  is  built  of  brick  with  granite 
trimmings.  A  broad  avenue  extends  from  the  reservoir  to 
the  pumping  station,  ending  in  a  driveway  along  the  pen 
stock  and  canal  and  over  the  dam.  The  pumps  and  wheels 
are  worked  under  a  fall  of  forty-five  feet,  equal  to  five  hun 
dred  horse-powers,  having  the  capacity  to  pump  and  fur 
nish  water  for  a  city  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thou 
sand  inhabitants.  There  are  two  turbine  wheels  of  three 
feet  diameter  each,  and  two  pairs  of  upright  pumps  of  the 
class  known  as  "  bucket  and  plunger."  They  are  double- 
acting,  forcing  the  water  toward  the  reservoir  with  both  up 
and  down  strokes.  The  shafts  and  gearing  are  so  ar 
ranged  that  either  turbine  can  be  made  to  drive  either  pair 
of  pumps  at  full  speed,  or  either  turbine  may  be  made  to 
drive  both  pairs  of  pumps  at  a  slower  speed.  The  four 
pump  cylinders  have  a  diameter  of  sixteen  inches  and  the 
stroke  of  the  pumps  is  forty  inches. 

The  pumps  can  be  run  at  a  maximum  speed  of  thirty 
strokes  a  minute,  and  at  this  speed  each  pair  will  deliver 
one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighty  gallons  of  water  a 
minute,  or  two  million  eight,  hundred  and  fifty-one  thou 
sand  two  hundred  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours.  This 
would  be  equal  to  supplying  sixty  gallons  a  day  to  each  of 
forty-seven  thousand  five  hundred  persons.  Both  pairs  of 
pumps  will  together  deliver  five  million  seven  hundred  and 
two  thousand  four  hundred  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours,  or 
a  supply  of  sixty  gallons  a  day  for  upwards  of  ninety  thou 
sand  persons.  The  distribution  pipes  are  made  of  wrought 
iron,  cement-lined.  The  force-main  and  supply-main  are 
each  twenty  inches  in  diameter,  while  the  other  pipes  are, 
respectively,  fourteen,  twelve,  ten,  eight,  six  and  four  inches. 
The  pipes  and  machinery  were  made  and  set  by  contract ; 


FIRES.  95 

the  reservoir  was  built  directly  by  the  commissioners.  The 
annual  income  from  the  works,  arising  from  the  fees  of 
consumers  and  the  rates  paid  by  the  city  for  hydrants,  was 
in  1873  about  eighteen  thousand  dollars  or  about  three  per 
cent,  of  the  cost  of  the  works,  and  at  the  close  of  1874  had 
reached  a  rate  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  annually. 

FIRES. 

Manchester  has  had  its  share  of  fires,  though  it  has 
never  been  the  victim  of  one  of  those  conflagrations,  so 
common  of  late  years,  which  consume  a  city  in  a  night. 
The  earliest  fire  of  much  consequence  was  that  which, 
May  14,  1840,  destroyed  the  Amoskeag  Company's  mill 
upon  an  island  in  the  river  at  Amoskeag  Falls,  which  was 
built  for  a  machine-shop,  and  used  subsequently  for  the 
manufacture  of  tickings  and  was  known  as  the  "  Island 
mill. " 

In  1844,  on  the  twelfth  of  August,  occurred  the  fire 
which  consumed  the  town  house,  to  which  reference  has 
already  been  made.  The  attic  was  then  occupied  as  an 
armory  by  the  "Stark  Guards"  and  the  "Granite  Fusil- 
eers."  There  the  fire  was  started  by  a  lighted  paper  care 
lessly  thrown  upon  the  floor,  and  there  it  burned  unnoticed 
till  it  gathered  such  headway  as  to  be  beyond  control.  The 
post-office  was  then  kept  in  the  building,  and  its  contents, 
together  with  those  of  the  stores  which  occupied  the  lower 
story,  were  saved.  J.  C.  Emerson,  who  had  been  the  pub 
lisher  of  several  newspapers,  had  a  printing-office  in  the 
third  story,  and  that,  with  the  effects  of  the  military  com 
panies,  was  destroyed.  The  loss  to  the  town  and  individ 
uals  was  about  thirty  thousand  dollars. 

There  were  still  left  at  Amoskeag  Falls  in  what  was  then 
Goffstown  two  wooden  mills  built  by  the  Amoskeag  Com 
pany  or  its  predecessors  in  the  early  days,  which  occupied 


96  MANCHESTER. 

the  spot  where  the  paper-mill  of  P.  C.  Cheney  &  Co.  now 
stands  and  which  were  known  as  the  "  old  mill "  and  the 
"  bell  mill."  They  were  heated  by  twenty-eight  old-fash 
ioned  box-stoves  for  burning  wood,  and  one  man  built  the 
fires  in  each  of  them  every  day.  Early  in  the  morning  of 
March  28,  1848,  sparks  flew  from  a  fire  already  kindled, 
while  the  man  was  starting  others,  and  set  fire  to  the  wood 
work.  The  mills  were  but  fourteen  feet  apart,  saturated 
with  oil,  and  were  consumed  at  once.  The  loss  was  esti 
mated  at  seventy  thousand  dollars.  Till  then  the  famous 
"A.  C.  A."  tickings  had  been  made  there. 

March  16,  1850,  a  fire  broke  out  in  the  north  end  of 
what  was  then  called  number  two  mill,  belonging  to  the 
Stark  corporation,  and  burned  the  roof  and  upper  story, 
causing  a  loss  of  thirty  thousand  dollars.  Wooden  pulleys 
were  then  used  for  the  belting  to  run  over,  as  it  went  up 
through  the  floors,  and  the  heat  generated  by  the  friction 
was  intense.  As  long  as  the  machinery  was  in  motion,  the 
current  of  air  it  excited  kept  the  lint  from  contact  with  the 
hot  wheels,  but  when  that  ceased  and  the  pulleys  happened 
to  be  over-heated,  the  blaze  was  quickly  spread.  At  that 
time  the  operatives  came  into  the  mill  at  five  o'clock  and 
worked  two  hours  before  going  out  to  breakfast  They  left 
at  once  when  the  machinery  stopped  and  were  out  of  the 
building  when  the  fire  was  discovered,. 

July  5,  1852,  Baldwin  &  Co.'s  steam-mill  on  Manchester 
street,  which  stood  where  D.  B.  Varney's  brass-foundry 
now  is,  was  burned,  together  with  several  buildings  adja 
cent  and  across  the  street.  It  was  feared  at  one  time  that 
the  fire  would  reach  to  Hanover  street.  The  wind  was 
high  and  shingles  heated  to  live  coals  were  blown  as  far  as 
the  old  high-school  house  on  Lowell  street.  The  house  on 
the  "Harris  estate,"  on  the  corner  of  Hanover  and  Pine 
streets,  occupied  by  Col.  Phinehas  Adams,  the  agent  of  the 
Stark  Mills,  was  set  on  fire  by  sparks. 


FIRES.  97 

About  five  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  September  22, 1853, 
a  fire  broke  out  in  the  drying-room  of  the  printing  depart 
ment  of  the  Manchester  Print- Works,  where  then  the  cloths 
were  hung  in  great  quantities  on  frames  to  dry.  The  facil 
ities  for  putting  out  fires  were  then  of  small  account  and 
the  main  building  of  the  printery  was  consumed,  other 
buildings  being  saved  only  by  the  greatest  exertions.  The 
loss  was  about  two  hundred  and  sixty-five  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  night  of  the  fifteenth  of  July,  1855,  occurred  the 
fire  which  destroyed  the  south  half  of  number  one  mill 
owned  by  the  Manchester  Print- Works.  The  lamp  in  a 
watchman's  lantern  fell,  as  he  was  passing  through  the 
carding-room  in  the  lower  story,  into  a  pile  of  yarn.  The 
first  application  of  water  checked  the  flames,  and,  the  fire 
being  considered  extinguished,  the  people  who  had  gath 
ered  set  out  to  return  home,  when  the  breaking  out  of  the 
fire  anew  called  them  back.  The  blaze  mounted  directly 
to  the  attic  and  it  was  impossible  to  quench  it.  The  mill, 
up  to  the  brick  wall  which  divided  it  midway,  was  de 
stroyed,  causing  a  loss  of  about  two  hundred  and  seventy 
thousand  dollars.  One  unfortunate  circumstance  helped 
the  flames.  The  water  from  the  Amoskeag  Company's 
reservoir  on  Harrison  street,  especially  provided  for  use  in 
case  of  fire,  strangely  failed  in  a  little  while  and  the  cause 
was  not  discovered  till  some  time  after  the  fire.  The  water 
was  brought  through  the  mill-yards  by  a  pipe  of  eight 
inches  in  diameter  which  was  laid  just  in  front  of  the 
buildings.  Eleven  years  before  a  gate  had  been  put  in  the 
pipe,  where  it  ran  through  the  yard  of  the  Stark  Mills,  to 
stop  the  water  temporarily.  The  rod  which  moved  it  up 
and  down  was  fastened  to  it  by  a  nut  and  screw.  When 
the  need  for  stopping  the  water  had  ceased,  the  gate  was 
lifted  up,  fastened  and  left.  In  process  of  time  the  iron 
rusted,  the  nut  came  off  and  the  gate  fell,  with  no  one's 
knowledge,  shutting  off  all  the  water  but  a  little  which 

I 


98  MANCHESTER. 

flowed  underneath  the  gate  where  a  chance  stick  kept  it 
from  entirely  closing.  The  pipe,  of  course,  was  full  all  the 
way,  and,  when  this  fire  broke  out,  there  was  an  apparent 
plenty  of  water,  but  the  supply  was  soon  exhausted  and 
the  mill  was  burned.  There  is  now  a  pipe  of  fourteen 
inches  in  diameter  which  was  laid  beneath  the  track  of  the 
Concord  railway  and  has  no  gate  in  it  but  at  the  reservoir. 

While  this  was  still  raging,  an  alarm  was  sounded  from 
the  main  street,  a  fire  having  broken  out  between  Manches 
ter  and  Hanover  streets,  just' back  of  Elm,  which  threat 
ened  to  sweep  the  whole  square.  After  this  had  been 
burning  an  hour,  the  Hon.  T.  T.  Abbot,  then  mayor  of 
the  city,  came  to  the  mills  to  implore  help,  fearing  that  the 
fire  would  cross  Hanover  street  and  go  northward.  At 
that  time  there  were  seven  hand-engines  in  the  city,  of 
which  the  city  owned  four  and  the  corporations  the  rest. 
The  latter,  however,  were  at  the  city's  service  except  when 
needed  at  the  mills.  Waterman  Smith  was  then  agent  of 
the  Manchester  Mills,  Charles  H.  Dalton  of  the  Print- 
Works,  David  Gillis  of  the  Amoskeag  New  Mills  and  Phin- 
ehas  Adams  of  the  Stark  Mills.  The  first  three  remained 
to  look  after  the  fire  in  the  mill,  while  Mr.  Adams  took  one 
engine  to  help  the  city.  He  ransacked  the  Stark  Mills  for 
hose  and  stretched  a  line  of  it  from  a  hydrant  in  the  mill- 
yard  up  to  Hanover  street,  where  it  did  good  service.  This 
later  fire  was  started  in  a  paint-shop  on  the  back  street  be- 
twee'i  Manchester  and  Hanover  streets  and  a  little  east  of 
Elm  street.  It  consumed  a  good  deal  of  property  in  the 
heart  of  the  square,  burned  all  the  wooden  buildings  on 
Elm  street  which  then  occupied  the  spot  where  Merchants' 
Exchange  now  stands,  but  did  not  cross  Hanover,  Man 
chester  or  Chestnut  streets,  though  the  First  Congrega 
tional  church  and  other  buildings  on  the  north  side  of 
Hanover  street  were  scorched. 

About  five  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  February  5,  1856, 


FIRES.  99 

fire  was  discovered  in  the  building  known  as  "  Patten's 
block,"  which  stood  on  Elm  street,  just  north  of  the  city 
hall,  taking  up  the  rest  of  that  square.  It  was  occupied  in 
part  by  stores,  in  part  by  the  public  library  and  lawyers' 
offices,  and  in  part  by  the  three  establishments  of  the 
"  Daily  Mirror,"  "  Daily  American  "  and  "Weekly  Union." 
Nothing  could  check  the  flames  and  the  building  was  con 
sumed,  nearly  all  the  volumes  in  the  library  being  burned. 
The  loss  was  estimated  at  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  afternoon  of  September  3,  1856,  a  fire  broke  out 
near  Elm  street  between  Concord  and  Lowell  streets.  It 
burned  a  house  belonging  to  William  Patten  (the  owner  of 
Patten's  block),  stores  and  stables,  and  injured  a  house 
owned  by  E.  P.  Offutt  where  the  flames  were  stayed.  A 
line  of  hose  was  stretched  from  the  yard  of  the  Stark  Mills 
up  Spring  street  to  the  fire,  and  this  was  kept  in  use  all 
night  long,  a  channel  being  dug  to  lay  it  in  beneath  the 
railway  track,  so  that  the  cars  would  not  cut  it.  The  loss 
at  this  fire  was  about  ten  thousand  dollars. 

A  fire  at  Janesville,  June  3,  1857,  which  destroyed  Bald 
win  &  Co.'s  steam-mill,  there  being  no  water  to  extinguish 
it,  was  remarkable  for  the  death  of  Charles  Horr,  who  was 
killed  by  the  falling  of  a  brick  wall  expanded  by  the  heat, 
upon  the  building  he  was  in,  crushing  it  to  the  ground  and 
burying  him  beneath  it. 

May  19,  1862,  a  fire  broke  out  on  Manchester  street, 
about  halfway  between  Chestnut  and  Elm,  which  burned 
across  to  Hanover  street,  destroying  a  number  of  tenement- 
houses,  causing  a  loss  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars. 

On  the  fifth  of  the  next  June  a  fire  burned  the  brewery 
and  steam-mill  belonging  to  Joseph  A.  Haines  and  A.  C. 
Wallace,  situated  in  Piscataquog  village  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  Piscataquog  river.  The  sparks  set  fire  to  the  wood 
en  bridge  which  crossed  the  river  there,  and  it  was  con 
sumed.  The  loss  was  about  twelve  thousand  dollars. 


100  MANCHESTER. 

December  20,  1865,  a  fire  broke  out  in  the  state  reform 
school  on  the  river  road  about  two  miles  from  the  city  hall. 
One  steam  fire  engine  reached  there  after  some  delay  and, 
when  it  was  found  that  another  was  needed,  the  one  in 
Piscataquog  village  was  sent  for,  it  not  being  thought  ad 
visable  to  take  from  the  city  proper  the  two  engines  which 
were  there.  The  greater  part  of  the  building  was  burned 
to  the  ground. 

On  the  first  of  March,  1867,  at  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  fire  destroyed  an  old  frame  building  at  Amoskeag 
village,  belonging  to  the  Amoskeag  Company  and  occupied 
by  D.  K.  White  for  a  grocery  store  and  by  Grain,  Leland  & 
Moody  for  the  manufacture  of  shoes.  A  building  which 
stood  near  by  was  partly  burned.  The  loss  amounted  to 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  much  stock  and  machinery 
being  ruined. 

August  29, 1869,  a  fire,  which  started  in  the  carding-room 
of  the  stocking-mill  occupied  by  John  Brugger  in  Mechan 
ics'  Row,  burned  fifteen  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  stock 
and  machinery. 

A  little  before  three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  July  8, 
1870,  broke  out  the  largest  fire  which  ever  occurred  in  the 
city  outside  of  the  mills.  It  is  supposed  to  have  caught 
from  a  steam-boiler  in  premises  occupied  by  S.  C.  Merrill 
on  Manchester  street  near  Elm.  Thence  it  spread  with 
great  rapidity  and  could  not  be  checked  till  it  had  burned 
over  nearly  the  whole  territory  bounded  by  Hanover  and 
Chestnut  streets,  Manchester  south  back  street  and  Elm 
east  back  street.  The  water  which  came  from  Hanover 
square  pond  failed  at  a  critical  moment,  and  it  was  feared  at 
times  that  the  Manchester  House  would  be  burned  and  that 
the  flames  would  go  east  of  Chestnut  and  north  of  Hanover 
streets.  The  First  Congregational  church  again  suffered, 
its  surface  being  scorched  and  the  old  trees  which  stood  in 
front  of  it  being  ruined.  There  was  then  no  fire  alarm  tel- 


FIRES.  101 

egraph,  and  it  was  a  long  time  before  the  engine  in  Piscata- 
quog  village  could  be  obtained  ;  there  were  no  water-works 
and  the  supply  of  water  was  wholly  inadequate.  The  en 
gines  of  the  Manchester  Print-Works  and  the  Amoskeag 
Company  rendered  valuable  aid  in  subduing  the  flames. 
Among  the  buildings  burned  were  the  First  Baptist  church 
on  the  corner  of  Manchester  and  Chestnut  streets,  the  Ma 
sonic  Temple,  a  hotel,  printing-offices,  stores,  shops  and 
tenement-houses.  The  loss  was  set  at  two  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars.  The  wind  blew  a  gale  that  night,  and  large 
sparks  flew  as  far  as  Col.  Franklin  Tenney's  residence  at 
the  corner  of  Elm  and  Myrtle  streets.  The  fire  at  one 
time  threatened  to  burn  the  whole  city  and  there  was  talk 
of  blowing  up  buildings  to  arrest  its  progress. 

In  the  afternoon  of  June  6,  1871,  the  bridge  over  the 
Merrimack  river  belonging  to  the  Manchester  &  North 
Weare  railway  was  destroyed  by  a  fire  which  is  supposed 
to  have  caught  from  sparks  from  a  locomotive  engine.  It 
burned  very  quickly  and  in  a  few  minutes  fell  into  the  river. 


102  MANCHESTER. 

MARSHALS  AND  ASSISTANT  MARSHALS, 

FROM  1846  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 


1846. 
Marshal—  George  T.  Clark. 

Assistant  Marshals 


1847. 

Marshal  —  Daniel  L.  Stevens. 
Assistant  Marshal—  Joseph  M.  Kowell. 

1848. 

Marshal  —  Robert  Means. 

Assistant  Marshal  —  Henry  G-.  Lowell. 

1849. 

Marshal  —  Kobert  Means. 

Assistant  Marshal  —  Henry  G.  Lowell. 

1850. 

Marshal  —  Joseph  M.  Eowell. 

Assistant  Marshal  —  George  P.  Prescott. 

1851. 

Marshal—  Daniel  L.  Stevens. 
Assistant  Marshal  —  Henry  G.  Lowell. 

1852. 

Marshal—  Daniel  L.  Stevens. 
Assistant  Marshal  —  William  H.  Hill. 

1853. 

Marshal—  William  H.  Hill. 
Assistant  Marshal  —  Isaac  Tompkins. 

1854. 

Marshal—  William  H.  Hill. 
Assistant  Marshal  —  Henry  Clough. 


MARSHALS.  103 


1855. 

Marshal — Samuel  Hall. 

Assistant  Marshal — Albert  P.  Colby. 

1856. 

Marshal — Henry  G.  Lowell. 
Assistant  Marshal — Isaac  W.  Farmer. 

1857. 

Marshal — Henry  G.  Lowell. 
Assistant  Marshal — I.  W.  Farmer. 

1858. 

Marshal — Henry  G.  Lowell. 

Assistant  Marshal — William  B.  Patten. 

1859. 

Marshal — I.  W.  Farmer. 

Assistant  Marshal — William  B.  Patten. 

1860. 

Marshal — John  L.  Kelly. 
Assistant  Marshal — Justin  Spear. 

1861. 

Marshal— AVilliam  B.  Patten. 

Assistant  Marshal — Benjamin  C.  Haynes. 

1862. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 

Assistant  Marshal — Benjamin  C.  Haynes. 

1863. 

Marshal — John  S.  Yea  ton. 

Assistant  Marshal — Daniel  K.  Prescott. 

1864. 

Marshal— John  S.  Yeaton.     Died  April  27, 1864. 

Henry  Clough,  vice  Yeaton. 
Assistant  Marshal— Daniel  R.  Prescott,  continued  in 

office  from  1863. 
Daniel  W.  Fling,  elected  April  27,  1864. 


104  MANCHESTER. 


1865. 

Marshal — Benjamin  C.  Haynes. 
Assistant  Marshal — Daniel  R.  Prescott. 

1866. 

Marshal — Henry  Clough. 

Assistant  Marshal — Daniel  K.  Prescott. 

1867. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal — Eben  Carr. 

1868. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal — Eben  Carr. 

1869. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal — Eben  Carr. 

18TO. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal — Eben  Carr. 

1871. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal — John  D.  Howard. 

1872. 

Marshal— William  B.  Patten. 
Assistant  Marshal— John  D.  Howard. 

1873. 

Marshal — Oilman  H.  Kimball. 
Assistant  Marshal— Daniel  R.  Prescott. 

1874. 

Marshal — Darwin  A.  Simons. 
Assistant  Marshal— Daniel  E.  Prescott. 

1875. 

Marshal— Darwin  A.  Simons. 
Assistant  Marshal— Daniel  11.  Prescott. 


ENGINEERS.  105 

ENGINEERS  OF  THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT, 

FROM    1846    TO    THE    PRESENT   TIME. 


1846. 

-  Chief  Engineer— William  C.  Clarke. 

Assistant  Engineers— William  Shepherd,  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt, 
Walter  French,  Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  John  P.  Adriance,  Henry  G. 
Lowell. 

1847. 

Chief  Engineer— William  C.  Clarke. 

Assistant  Engineers — Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  Henry  G.  Lowell,  Jon 
athan  T.  P.  Hunt,  John  P.  Adriance,  Joseph  Mitchell,  William  P. 
Newell. 

1848. 

Chief  Engineer — William  C.  Clarke. 

Assistant  Engineers — John  P.  Adriance,  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt, 
Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  Frederick  A.  Hussey,  Caleb  Duxbury,  George 
W.  Tilden. 

1849. 

Chief  Engineer — Isaac  C.  Flanders. 

Assistant  Engineers — Cyrus  Baldwin,  Frederick  Smyth,  Samuel 
W.  Parsons.  John  Twombly,  Charles  A.  Luce,  Samuel  P.  Greeley. 

1850. 

Chief  Engineer — Warren  L.  Lane. 

Assistant  Engineers — Jacob  F.  James,  Samuel  W.  Parsons, 
Frederick  Smyth,  Charles  A.  Luce,  Daniel  L.  Stevens,  Cyrus 
Baldwin. 

1851. 

Chief  Engineer — Jacob  F.  James,*  Daniel  Clark. f 
Assistant  Engineers — Samuel    W.  Parsons,*   Charles  A.  Luce, 
Harry  Leeds,  James  A.  Stearns,  Frederick  Smyth,   Cyrus   Bald 
win,*  Ezekiel  A.  Straw,f  Samuel  H.  Ayer,f  David  Gillis,f  Alonzo 
Smith. f 

1852. 

Chief  Engineer— Daniel  Clark. 

Assistant  Engineers — Tames  A.  Stearns,  Alonzo  Smith,  Harry 
Leeds,  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt,  John  H.  Maynard,  Phinehas  Adams, 
Caleb  Duxbury. 

*  Resigned  February  4, 1852.  t  Appointed  February  4,  1852. 

7 


106  MANCHESTER. 

1853. 

Chief  Engineer — John  H.  Maynard. 

Assistant  Engineers — Charles  II.  Brown,  John  B.  Clarke,  James 
A.  Stearns,  Caleb  Duxbury,  Harry  Leeds,  William  B.  Webster, 
John  Q.  A.  Sargent,  Reuben  D.  Mooers,  John  L.  Kelly. 

1854. 

Chief  Engineer — John  FI.  Mayuard. 

Assistant  Engineers — Caleb  Duxbury,  William  B.  Webster, 
John  Q.  A.  Sargent,  Charles  H.  Brown,  John  L.  Kelly,  John  B. 
Clarke,  Reuben  D.  Mooers,  Flarry  Leeds,  Andrew  C.  Wallace. 

1855. 

Chief  Engineer — Jacob  F.  James. 

Assistant  Engineers — Alden  W.  Sanborn,  Charles  H.  Brown, 
Francis  H.  Lyford,  Peter  S.  Brown,  Nathaniel  Baker,  2d,  Charles 
Bunton,  George  W.  Riddle,  Ephraim  T.  Corey,  Henry  T.  Mowatt, 
Alpheus  Gay.  jr. 

1856. 

Chief  Engineer — John  H.  Maynard. 

Assistant  Engineers — Charles  H.  Brown,  John  L.  Kelly,  John 
Q.  A.  Sargent,  Harry  Leeds,  Reuben  D.  Mooers,  Caleb  Duxbury, 
Orison  Hardy,  Edward  W.  Harrington,  Phinehas  Adams. 

1857. 

Chief  Engineer — Peter  S.  Brown. 

Assistant  Engineers — Phinehas  Adams.  Charles  H.  Brown,  John 
L.  Kelly,  Israel  Dow,  Orison  Hardy.  Eben  French,  Samuel  W. 
Parsons,  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt,  Alfred  G.  Fairbanks,  Alpheus 
Gay,  jr. 

1858. 

Chief  Engineer — Peter  S.  Brown. 

Assistant  Engineers — John  L.  Kelly,  Charles  H.  Brown,  Al 
pheus  Gay,  jr.,  Edward  W.  Harrington,  Phinehas  Adams  Sidney 
Smith,  Samuel  G.  Langley,  Eben  French. 

1859. 

Chief  Engineer — Jonathan  T.  P.  Flunt. 

Assistant  Engineers — Phinehas  Adams,  John  Moulton,  Samuel 
W.  Parsons,  John  L.  Kelly,  Benjamin  F.  Martin,  Samuel  G.  Lang- 
ley,  Eben  French,  William  T.  Evans,  Albe  C.  Heath,  Daniel  W. 
Fling. 

1860. 

Chief  Engineer — Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt. 

Assistant  Engineers — Daniel  W.  Fling,  Alpheus  Branch,  Israel 
Dow,  John  C.  Young,  Charles  II.  G.  Foss,  Albe  C.  Heath,  Brown 
S.  Flanders. 


ENGINEERS,  107 

1861. 

Chief  Engineer— Albe  C.  Heath. 

Assistant  Engineers — Daniel  W.  Fling,  Israel  Dow,  Charles  H. 
G.  Foss,  Brown  S.  Flanders,  Andrew  J.  Butterfield,  John  C. 
Young. 

1862. 

Chief  Engineer — Daniel  W.  Fling. 

Assistant  Engineers — Charles  H.  G.  Foss,  Israel  Dow,  Edward 
W.  Harrington,  Nehemiah  S.  Bean. 

1863. 

Chief  Engineer — Daniel  W.  Fling. 

Assistant'Engineers — Charles  H.  G.  Foss,  Israel  Dow,  Albe  C. 
Heath,  Xehemiah  S.  Bean. 

1864. 

Chief  Engineer— Albe  C.  Heath. 

Assistant  Engineers — Ezra  Huntington,  Israel  Dow,  Moses  O. 
Pearson,  Daniel  W.  Fling,  Xehemiah  S.  Bean,  Freeman  Higgins. 

1865. 

Chief  Engineer — Nehemiah  S.  Bean. 

Assistant  Engineers — Daniel  W.  Fling,  Israel  Dow,  Charles  H.  G. 
Foss,  Freeman  Higgins,  Benjamin  C.  Kendall,  Ezra  Huntington. 

1866. 

Chief  Engineer — Nehemiah  S.  Bean. 

Assistant  Engineers — Daniel  W.  Fling,  Israel  Dow,  Freeman 
Higgins,  Ezra  Huntiugton,  Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 

1867. 

Chief  Engineer — Israel  Dow. 

Assistant  Engineers — Edwin  P.  Richardson,  Elijah  Chandler, 
Benjamin  C.  Kendall,  Gilman  H.  Kimbail. 

1868. 

Chief  Engineer — Israel  Dow. 

Assistant  Engineers — Benjamin  C.  Kendall,  Edwin  P.  Richard 
son,  Elijah  Chandler,  Wilberforce  Ireland. 

1869. 

Chief  Engineer — Edwin  P.  Richardson. 

Assistant  Engineers — Benjamin  C.  Kendall,  Wilberforce  Ire 
land,  Andrew  C.  Wallace,  Elijah  Chandler,  George  Holbrook. 


108  MANCHESTER. 

18TO. 

Chief  Engineer — Edwin  P.  Richardson. 

Assistant  Engineers — Benjamin   C.   Kendall,  Wilberforce   Ire 
land,  Andrew  C.  Wallace,  Elijah  Chandler. 

1871. 

Chief  Engineer — Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 

Assistant  Engineers — Wilberforce  Ireland,  Andrew  C.  Wallace, 
Elijah  Chandler,  William  T.  Evans. 

1872. 

Chief  Engineer — Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 

Assistant  Engineers — Wilberforce  Ireland,  Andrew  C.  Wallace, 
Albion  H.  Lowell,  William  T.  Evans. 

1873. 

Chief  Engineer — Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 

Assistant  Engineers — Wilberforce  Ireland,  Andrew  C.  Wallace, 
Albion  H.  Lowell,  Freeman  Higgins. 

1874. 

Chief  Engineer — Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 

Assistant  Engineers— Wilberforce  Ireland,  Andrew  C.  Wallace, 
Albion  H.  Lowell,  Ereeman  Higgins. 

1875. 

Chief  Engineer — Albion  H.  Lowell. 

Assistant  Engineers— Ereeman  Higgins,  Wilberforce   Ireland, 
Andrew  C.  Wallace,  Benjamin  C.  Kendall. 


SCHOOLS. 


'OPULAR  education  met  with  little  favor  in  Derry- 
field's  early  days.  Though  voluntary  subscriptions 
for  school  purposes  had  kept  its  children  from  grow 
ing  up  in  total  ignorance,  it  was  not  till  1781,  when  the 
town  voted  to  hire  a  school-master  for  nine  months  of  the 
next  year,  that  a  successful  attempt  was  made  to  furnish 
the  town  with  a  public  school.  There  were  at  that  time  no 
school-houses  and  the  selectmen  designated  private  dwell 
ings  in  different  parts  of  the  town  where  school  should  be 
kept.  In  1783  the  selectmen,  by  making  four  divisions  of 
tbe  town  for  school  purposes,  originated  the  school-dis 
trict  system  which  continued  eighty-five  years.  Subsequent 
changes  made  the  number  of  districts  three  in  1798;  five 
in  1808;  seven  in  1818;  and  later  eight.  But  in  1840  the 
town  was  divided  anew  into  nine,  increased  to  eleven  by 
the  annexation  of  parts  of  Bedford  and  Goffstown  in  1853, 
which  remained  very  much  the  same  till  their  abolishment 
in  1868,  when  the  city  assumed  control  of  the  schools  as  a 
whole.  The  first  teacher  whose  name  has  been  preserved 
was  Jonathan  Rand. 

All  but  five  of  the  present  school  buildings  were  built 
under  the  district  system.  District  number  two  included 
the  compact  part  of  the  city  and  the  rest  are  indifferently 
designated  now  by  their  old  numbers  or  by  some  circum 
stance  of  situation.  In  the  suburban  districts  the  houses 
have  been  built  since  1840,  and  many  of  them  have  since 
been  exchanged  for  less  antique  structures.  In  the  com- 


110  MANCHESTER. 

pact  part  of  the  city  the  earliest  houses  were  small,  wooden, 
one-story  structures,  built  thus  in  accordance  with  the  ad 
vice  of  the  late  Chief-Justice  Bell,  that,  as  the  city  grew, 
permanent  structures  should  take  their  place  at  the  centres 
of  population  and  they  be  removed  to  less  thickly  settled 
localities  to  await  another  change. 

The  dates  of  erection  and  the  estimated  value  of  the 
school-houses  now  standing,  follow  :  The  old  high-school 
house,  on  the  corner  of  Lowell  and  Chestnut  streets,  was 
built  in  1841  and  is  valued  at  $6,500  :  the  unused  wooden 
house  on  the  corner  of  Bridge  and  Union  streets,  in  1847, 
and  is  worth  $500  ;  the  house  on  Park  street  near  Elm,  in 
1847,  and  is  worth  $8,000  ;  the  wooden  house  at  Webster's 
Mills,  not  far  from  that  time,  and  is  valued  at  $600  ;  the 
house  on  Spring  street  near  Elm,  in  1848,  and  is  worth 
$14,000 ;  the  house  on  the  corner  of  Manchester  and 
Chestnut  streets,  in  1853,  and  is  worth  $8,000  ;  the  Wil 
son-hill  house  was  built  of  wood  in  1855,  valued' at  $3,300; 
in  1856  were  built  the  house  on  the  corner  of  Merrimack 
and  Union  streets,  valued  at  Si  5, 000,  the  house  on  Centre 
street  in  Piscataquog  and  the  south  house  in  the  same  vil 
lage,  both  of  wood,  valued  at  $5,000  and  $2,800  respect 
ively  ;  the  house  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Pleasant 
streets  in  1857,  worth  $18,000  ;  the  house  on  Blodget 
street  in  1859,  valued  at  $3,000  ;  in  1860,  or  about  that 
time,  were  built  the  wooden  house  near  Massabesic  pond, 
worth  $1,400,  the  wooden  house  near  Mosquito  pond,  worth 
$1,000,  and  the  house  at  Amoskeag  village,  worth  $3,700  ; 
the  wooden  house  at  Bakersville,  in  1863,  worth  $3,500  ; 
the  house  near  Harvey's  mills,  in  1865,  worth  $2,500  ;  the 
wooden  house  at  Hallsville,  in  1866,  worth  $3,500  ;  the 
present  high-school  house,  on  the  corner  of  Lowell  and 
Beech  streets,  in  1867,  valued  at  $45,000  ;  in  1870  were 
built  the  house  on  Main  street  in  Piscataquog  village, 
worth  $12,000,  and  the  house  at  Goffe's  Falls,  worth  $3,- 


SCHOOLS.  Ill 

600 ;  in  1871  were  built  the  house  in  the  Stark  district, 
worth  13,000,  and  the  house  on  the  corner  of  Lincoln  and 
Merrimack  streets,  valued  at  $50,000  ;  the  last  house  built 
was  in  1874,  on  the  corner  of  Ash  and  Bridge  streets,  and 
is  valued  at  860,000.  The  last  two  are  called  as  fine 
buildings  as  any  in  the  state.  Where  no  material  has  been 
specified,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  brick  was  used.  The 
total  value  of  school  property  is  8279,675. 

The  "  old  Falls  school-house,"  which  once  stood  on  the 
"  old  Falls  road "  near  the  residence  of  the  Hon.  David 
Cross,  was  set  on  fire  in  August,  1859,  and  the  Blodget- 
street  house  was  at  once  built.  When  Amoskeag  village 
was  made  a  part  of  Manchester  in  1853,  the  old  wooden 
school-house,  which  now  stands  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river  on  the  road  to  Piscataquog,  was  annexed  with  it  and 
was  used  for  school  purposes  till  1860.  when  the  brick  house 
was  built  farther  north.  It  then  went  into  the  hands  of  the 
Amoskeag  Company,  having  since  been  used  as  a  school- 
house,  with  their  permission,  from  1868  till  1873.  When 
Piscataquog  village  was  annexed,  Bedford  bequeathed  with 
it  to  Manchester  several  old  buildings  which  have  given 
place  to  the  present  ones.  A  wooden  school-house  was 
built  in  1842  on  Amherst  street  near  Janesville  and  moved 
in  1850  to  the  corner  of  Lowell  and  Jane  streets.  In  1871 
it  was  taken  to  Spruce  street  to  be  used  as  a  ward-room  in 
ward  six,  and  school  has  since  been  kept  in  it  at  times. 
Two  wooden  houses  were  built  on  Bridge  street,  a  little 
west  of  Elm,  in  1842  and  1843,  respectively,  and  moved  in 
1845  to  the  lot  on  Spring  street  where  a  grammar-school 
house  was  subsequently  built  In  a  year  they  were  taken 
to  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Franklin  streets 
where  the  court-house  now  stands,  and  moved  thence  in  1849 
to  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Concord  and  Beech  streets  upon 
which  the  Unitarian  church  has  since  been  built.  They 
were  subsequently  sold  to  be  made  into  dwellings,  and  were 


112  MANCHESTER. 

moved,  one  to  Maple  street  between  Concord  and  Lowell 
and  the  other  to  that  neighborhood.  A  lot  on  the  corner 
of  Union  and  Concord  streets,  where  the  residence  of  John 
B.  Varick  now  stands,  had  been  bought  on  which  to  build 
a  high-school  house,  but  the  dwellers  in  that  neighborhood 
were  opposed  to  it  and  the  lot  was  sold  four  years  after 
ward.  A  wooden  house  on  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and 
Union  streets  gave  way  to  a  new  building  in  1856,  being 
moved  to  Laurel  street  and  made  into  a  dwelling-house.  A 
wooden  house  was  built  on  the  corner  of  Manchester  and 
Chestnut  streets  in  1842,  which  gave  place  in  1853  to  the 
present  building  and  was  moved  to  the  lot  on  the  corner  of 
Pleasant  and  Franklin  streets  and  subsequently  disposed  of. 
The  Amoskeag  Company  has  either  given  or  sold  at  half- 
price  the  land  used  for  school  purposes  in  the  compact  part 
of  the  city. 

In  1853  an  act  was  passed  by  the  state  legislature  to  al 
low  the  city  to  consolidate  the  school-districts  into  one  and 
to  appoint  a  superintendent  of  schools,  but  other  measures 
were  incorporated  in  the  bill,  and  when  it  was  submitted  to 
the  people,  as  provided,  it  was  rejected  by  them.  Two 
years  later,  however,  the  boards  of  mayor  and  aldermen 
and  of  school  committee  were  required  by  legislative  enact 
ment  to  appoint  a  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  but 
it  was  not  till  1868  that  the  complete  control  of  the  schools 
was  vested  in  the  city  as  a  unit,  by  act  of  the  legislature, 
the  measure  not  being  submitted  to  the  people.  By  the  or 
iginal  charter  the  school  committee  were  to  be  elected  an 
nually,  one  from  each  ward,  but  by  the  act  of  1874  the 
school  board  is  constituted  of  two  from  each  ward  to  serve 
two  years  when  the  plan  has  been  started,  eight  of  whom 
shall  be  elected  annually.  By  the  act  of  1870  the  mayor 
of  the  city  and  the  president  of  the  common  council  were 
made  ex-officiis  members  of  the  board. 

The  old  high-school  building,  on  the  corner  of  Lowell 


SCHOOLS.  113 

and  Chestnut  streets,  was  erected  in  1841,  at  a  cost  of 
three  thousand  dollars,  for  a  district  school-house  by  dis 
trict  number  two.  The  first  master  of  the  school  was  Da 
vid  P.  Perkins,  who  was  given  a  salary  of  two  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  dollars.  Mr.  Perkins  was  succeeded  in  1843  by 
Joseph  H.  Wood,  and  he  in  1844  by  John  G.  Sherburne. 
The  next  year  John  W.  Ray  was  elected  master  at  a  salary 
of  five  hundred  dollars,  which  was  increased  by  three  hun 
dred  in  1848,  and  a  high  school  was  established.  In  1849 
Mr.  Ray  was  succeeded  by  Amos  Hadley,  whose  salary,  at 
first  six  hundred  dollars,  was  made  eight  hundred  in  1853. 
Two  years  later  John  P.  Newell  became  the  principal,  and 
he  was  followed  in  1853  by  Jonathan  Tenney,  who  was 
given  a  salary  of  a  thousand  dollars  the  next  year.  Upon 
Mr.  Tenney's  resignation  in  1854,  Samuel  Upton,  who  was 
then  an  assistant  teacher,  was  promoted  to  the  mastership, 
continuing  in  office  one  term.  He  was  unwilling  to  remain 
longer  in  that  position  and  Mr.  Newell  returned  in  1855  to 
receive  a  salary  of  eleven  hundred  dollars.  He  taught  till 
1862,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  W.  Colburn  at  a 
salary  of  nine  hundred  dollars  which  was  gradually  in 
creased  to  two  thousand.  He  resigned  in  1874  and  was 
succeeded  by  Albert  W.  Bacheler  at  a  salary  of  two  thou 
sand  dollars.  The  district  voted  in  1850  to  build  a  new 
high-school  house  at  a  cost  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  but 
subsequently  reconsidered  its  action,  and  it  was  not  till 
seventeen  years  later  that  the  plan  was  carried  out.  The 
school  has  grown  rapidly  within  a  few  years  and  numbers 
over  two  hundred  pupils.  In  its  classical  department  sev 
eral  boys  are  annually  prepared  for  admission  to  college. 

The  South  grammar  school  was  originally  kept  in  a  chapel 
on  Concord  street  which  had  been  used  by  the  Episcopal  so 
ciety,  from  which  it  was  moved  in  1847  to  the  brick  build 
ing  on  Park  street  which  had  been  built  for  its  use.  A.  M. 
Caverly  was  elected  its  principal  in  1845  and  taught  till 


114  MANCHESTER. 

the  spring  of  1853,  when  Joseph  E.  Bennett  was  placed  in 
temporary  charge,  being  succeeded  that  year  by  William 
A.  Webster  who  taught  till  the  spring  of  1861.  Mean 
while,  in  1857,  the  school  had  been  transferred  to  its  pres 
ent  location  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Pleasant  streets. 
Josiah  G.  Dearborn  became  its  master  in  1861  and  taught 
till  1866  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Isaac  L.  Heath.  Upon 
Mr.  Heath's  resignation  in  1872,  the  present  master,  Dan 
iel  A.  Clifford,  was  appointed. 

The  North  grammar  school  was  begun  in  1848  in  the 
brick  building  on  Spring  street,  its  first  master  being  Mo 
ses  T.  Brown  who  taught  till  1853,  when  Joseph  E.  Ben 
nett  had  charge  of  it  a  few  weeks  till  the  appointment  of 
William  H.  Ward.  The  latter  was  succeeded  in  1857  by 
Henry  C.  Bullard  who  taught  till  the  spring  of  1865,  when 
C.  M.  Barrows  took  charge.  He  resigned  in  December  of 
that  year  and  Francis  W.  Parker  was  appointed.  He 
taught  till  the  fall  of  1868,  being  then  succeeded  by  Jacob 
Eastman  who  taught  till  February,  1869.  The  term  was 
finished  by  Blbridge  D.  Hadley,  and  that  spring  John  S. 
Hayes  was  appointed,  who  taught  two  terms.  In  December, 
1861),  William  E.  Buck  was  elected  master,  who  remained 
in  charge  till  his  removal,  in  September.  1874,  together 
with  part  of  the  school,  to  the  one  in  the  northeast  part  of 
the  city,  known  as  the  Ash-street  grammar  school,  leaving 
the  North  grammar  without  a  male  teacher  and  with  but  a 
partial  grammar  grade. 

The  East  grammar  school  was  begun  in  1867  in  the  new 
high-school  house  with  two  divisions  gathered  from  the 
North  and  South  grammar  schools.  The  Wilson-hill 
school  was  then  composed  in  part  of  scholars  of  a  gram 
mar  grade.  In  the  fall  of  1868  another  division  was  added 
tu  the  East  grammar  and  in  the  spring  of  1869  it  was 
moved  to  the  old  high-school  building,  where  a  first  divis 
ion  was  added  and  its  first  master,  Lewis  H.  Dutton,  ap- 


SCHOOLS.  115 

pointed.  He  was  succeeded  in  1870  by  Benjamin  F.  Dame, 
who  was  transferred  with  it  to  its  present  location  on  the 
corner  of  Lincoln  and  Merrimack  streets.  He  resigned 
January  1,  1875,  and  was  succeeded  by  Sylvester  Brown. 

The  Park-street  grammar  school  was  organized  as  a  pub 
lic  school  in  the  spring  of  1863.  The  building  in  which  it 
was  kept  had  been  occupied  by  the  South  grammar  school 
till  1857.  From  that  time  till  1861  it  was  unused.  In  the 
latter  year  the  Roman  Catholics  obtained  its  use  from  dis 
trict  number  two,  and  established  in  it  a  grammar  school. 
Two  years  later  the  school  was  adopted  by  the  city,  with 
Thomas  Corcoran  as  its  master,  and  remained  a  public 
school  till  December,  1869,  when  it  was  discontinued.  The 
Catholics  still  have  the  use  of  the  building  rent  free. 

With  Piscataquog  village  in  1853  was  annexed  its  pres 
ent  grammar  school,  which  was  taught  by  men  in  winter 
and  women  in  summer  till  the  spring  of  1858,  when  James 
W.  Locke  became  its  master  and  continued  in  office  two 
terms.  He  was  followed  in  December  by  Joseph  E.  Ben 
nett  who  taught  one  term.  In  the  spring  of  1859  Francis 
W.  Parker  taught  one  term,  and  in  the  fall  Joseph  G.  Edg- 
erly  took  charge  of  the  school.  He  was  succeeded  in  the 
spring  of  1862  by  Miss  Marcia  V.  McQueston  who  taught 
one  year.  Her  place  was  supplied  by  Miss  Philinda  P. 
Parker  in  the  spring  of  1863,  who  taught  till  the  summer 
of  1867.  Charles  J.  Darrah  came  in  the  fall  and  taught 
two  terms,  being  succeeded  in  the  spring  of  1868  by  Miss 
Annette  McDoel,  who  taught  one  year.  Lorenzo  D.  Henry 
taught  from  the  spring  of  1869  till  the  fall  of  1870,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Harry  C.  Hadley  who  taught  one  year. 
In  the  fall  of  1871  Allen  E.  Bennett  became  the  master. 
He  continued  in  that  position  till  the  fall  of  1873,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Sylvester  Brown.  The  latter  was  trans 
ferred,  January  1,  1875,  to  the  Lincoln  street  school,  and 
A.'M.  Heath  took  his  place.  The  school  had  always  been 


116  MANCHESTER. 

kept  in  the  Centre  street  building  till  1874,  when  it  was 
moved  ^to  the  building  on  Main  street. 

Amoskeag  village  was  annexed  at  the  same  time  as 
Piscataquog,  and  its  grammar  school  was  kept  after  the 
same  fashion  till  December,  1865,  when  Henry  .M.  Putney 
became  its  teacher,  continuing  as  such  one  year.  Amos 
Wright  succeeded  him  in  December,  1866,  and  taught  till 
the  spring  of  1868,  when  Lewis  H.  Dutton  was  elected  and 
taught  two  terms.  Then  came  Daniel  A.  Clifford  in  the 
winter  of  1868  and  taught  one  year.  Alpha  Messer  taught 
from  December,  1869,  till  the  fall  of  1871,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Charles  F.  Morrill,  who  remained  till  the 
spring  of  1873.  He  was  followed  by  George  P.  Hadley,  2d, 
who  taught  one  term.  Miss  Sarah  B.  Hadley  taught  the 
school  from  the  fall  of  1873  till  January,  1874,  when  she 
was  succeeded  by  the  present  teacher,  Miss  Emma  A.  H. 
Brown. 

The  intermediate  school,  organized  as  an  ungraded 
school  to  afford  instruction  to  those  whom  necessity  or 
inclination  kept  from  regular  attendance  throughout  the 
school  year,  was  first  kept  in  the  Museum  building  and 
similar  places  till  January,  1854,  when  the  brick  house  on 
the  corner  of  Manchester  and  Chestnut  streets  was  built 
fur  its  use.  Charles  Aldrich,  its  first  master,  taught  till 
the  spring  of  1858.  The  school  was  then  closed  for  two 
terms,  but  re-opened  in  the  winter  of  1868,  when  Josiah 
G.  Dearborn  taught  one  term.  He  was  succeeded  in  the 
spring  of  1859  by  Martin  L.  Stevens,  who  taught  till  the 
fall  of  1861.  Then  William  Harvey  kept  it  two  terms,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1862  Joseph  G.  Edgerly  was  transferred 
to  it  from  the  Piscataquog  grammar  school.  He  taught  a 
few  weeks  and  was  then  given  leave  of  absence  to  enter 
the  postal  service  of  the  Union  army  at  Fortress  Monroe. 
During  his  absence  his  place  was  filled  by  Orren  C.  Moore. 
He  returned  in  the  fall  of  1862  and  taught  till  the  spring 


SCHOOLS.  117 

of  1864.  Then  Miss  Emeline  R.  Brooks  was  placed  in 
charge  for  two  terms,  Mr.  Edgerly  returning  in  the  winter 
of  1864  and  teaching  one  term.  Wendell  P.  Hood  followed 
him  in  the  spring  of  1865  and  taught  one  term.  Isaac  L. 
Heath  came  in  the  fall  of  that  year  and  taught  till  the 
spring  of  1866,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  South 
grammar.  Temporary  teachers  managed  the  school  till 
December,  1^66,  when  Mr.  Edgerly  again  took  it  for  one 
term,  being  succeeded  in  the  spring  by  Elbridge  D.  Had- 
ley  who  taught  one  term.  In  the  fall  of  1867  Samuel  W. 
Clark  took  it  and  remained  one  year.  The  school  was 
closed  during  the  fall  term  of  1868,  but  opened  in  the  win 
ter,  when  Lewis  H.  Dutton  taught  one  term,  till  his  re 
moval  to  the  East  grammar.  In  the  spring  of  1869  Wil 
liam  E.  Buck  succeeded  Mr.  Dutton  and  taught  two  terms, 
till  his  removal  to  the  North  grammar.  In  December, 
1869,  Daniel  A.  Clifford  took  charge  of  it  and  continued 
its  teacher  three  years,  when  he  was  appointed  master  of 
the  South  grammar.  His  place  was  taken  in  January, 
1873,  by  Alfred  S.  Hall,  who  taught  one  term.  The  next 
term  Sylvester  Brown  was  its  teacher,  Mr.  Hall  returning 
in  the  fall  of  1873  and  teaching  one  year.  The  school  was 
removed  in  the  fall  of  1874  to  the  old  high-school  building 
and  Herbert  W.  Lull  became  its  master. 

The  complete  control  of  the  schools  and  school-houses 
is  vested  in  the  school  board,  consisting  at  present  of  two 
members  from  each  ward,  half  elected  annually,  who  re 
ceive  an  annual  compensation  of  ten  dollars  apiece.  From 
the  incorporation, of  the  city  till  1875  only  one  member 
was  chosen  from  each  ward.  In  1871  the  mayor  and  the 
president  of  the  common  council  were  made  members  ex 
officiis.  The  personal  supervision  and  immediate  govern 
ment  of  the  schools  belong,  under  their  direction,  to  the 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  who  is  chosen  once  in 
two  years  by  the  mayor  and  aldermen  and  school  commit- 


118  MANCHESTER. 

tee  in  convention,  and  whose  salary  is  eighteen  hundred  dol 
lars.  The  salary  of  the  master  of  the  high  school  is  two 
thousand  dollars;  of  his  first  assistant  eight  hundred  dol 
lars;  and  of  the  others,  five  hundred.  The  masters  of  the 
grammar  schools  are  paid  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  while 
their  assistants  and  the  teachers  of  the  middle  and  primary 
schools  receive  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  the  first 
year,  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  the  second,  four  hun 
dred  the  third  and  four  hundred  and  fifty  the  fourth.  The 
principal  of  the  higher  department  of  the  school  for  in 
struction  in  the  science  of  teaching  receives  six  hundred 
dollars,  and  the  principal  of  the  lower  department  five  hun 
dred  dollars.  The  music-master  is  paid  fifteen  hundred 
dollars,  and  an  officer,  with  a  salary  of  six  hundred  dollars, 
is  annually  appointed,  whose  sole  business  is  to  compel  the 
attendance  of  truants. 

There  are  in  the  city  forty-four  public  schools,  all  but 
eight  of  which,  located  in  the  suburban  districts,  are 
graded.  They  are  attended  by  over  twenty-five  hundred 
scholars,  are  kept  in  twenty-two  different  school-buildings 
and  seventy-five  school-rooms,  and  give  employment  to 
sixty-nine  regular  teachers  and  a  permanent  music-teacher, 
besides  occasional  writing  and  drawing-masters.  Their 
cost  in  1873,  exclusive  of  construction  and  repairs,  was 
about  fifty  thousand  dollars,  against  three  thousand  one 
hundred  dollars  in  1844.  The  length  of  the  school  year 
is  forty  weeks,  divided  into  one  term  of  sixteen  weeks  and 
two  terms  of  twelve  weeks  each.  The  school  week  is  five 
days  and  the  school  day  is  six  hours,  in  two  sessions  of 
three  hours  each,  except  in  the  primary  schools  whose  af 
ternoon  session  is  but  two  hours  long. 

Among  the  schools  is  one  which  is  used  at  once  for  the 
instruction  of  middle  and  primary  scholars  and  the  prep 
aration  of  teachers.  Young  ladies  who  graduate  from  the 
high  school  may  enter  this  as  assistants  and  teach  under 


SCHOOLS.  119 

the  direction  of  the  regular  teachers,  themselves  becoming 
pupils  in  the  science  of  instruction.  Quite  a  number  an 
nually  avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity  and  thus  there 
is  formed  a  permanent  source  of  supply  for  educated  teach 
ers.  There  are  naturally  in  Manchester  many  who  are 
unable  to  attend  day-schools  and  some  of  whom  are  thus 
forbidden  an  education  they  are  eager  to  acquire.  This 
matter  provoked  interest  as  early  as  1854,  when  district 
number  two  established  in  Patten's  block  a  free  evening- 
school  to  educate  in  the  common  branches  those  who  could 
not  make  use  of  the  opportunities  already  theirs.  This  ac 
tion  seems  to  have  had  but  a  spasmodic  force,  as  it  was  not 
till  fourteen  years  afterward  that  another  evening-school 
was  begun.  In  the  winter  of  1868  the  plan  was  resumed 
and  has  been  continued  yearly  since,  schools  having  been 
kept  in  the  intermediate  building,  in  the  wooden  houses 
on  the  corner  of  Bridge  and  Union  streets  and  of  Concord 
and  Beech  streets,  in  the  police-court  room  and  in  the  old 
high-school  building.  In  1873,  besides  the  one  which  was 
kept  in  the  latter  house,  another  was  organized  in  Piscata- 
quog  village.  Each  employs  a  principal  and  several  assis 
tants.  They  are  begun  in  the  fall,  are  kept  four  or  five 
months  and  are  attended  with  very  gratifying  results.  The 
aggregate  attendance  in  the  two  schools  in  1873  was  three 
hundred  of  both  sexes  and  all  ages  above  fifteen,  and  the 
number  increases  annually. 

Several  glee  clubs  in  the  schools  are  the  natural  out 
growth  of  the  attention  which  is  given  to  music.  An  al 
umni  association  connected  with  the  high  school  has  had 
an  existence  at  intervals  and  was  re-organized  in  January, 
1^73.  There  is  an  association  of  the  teachers  of  all  the 
schools  which  was  begun  in  1859  and  has  been  kept  up  in 
termittently  since.  The  last  organization  was  formed  in 
187*2.  It  meets  fortnightly  to  discuss  educational  matters 
and  is  valued  as  a  means  of  information  and  inspiration. 


120  MANCHESTER. 

The  association  of  the  teachers  of  the  state,  in  whose  an 
nual  exercises  the  Manchester  teachers  bear  a  prominent 
part,  was  begun  in  the  city  hall  in  May,  1854. 

The  Roman  Catholic  population  had  supported  some  pri 
vate  schools  in  district  number  two  previous  to  1861,  but 
in  that  year  the  district  voted  to  give  them  the  use  of  the 
Park-street  building,  and  schools  were  kept  there  at  the 
expense  of  the  Catholics  and  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Rev.  William  MacDonald,  pastor  of  St.  Ann's  (Ro 
man  Catholic)  church  till  1863.  In  March  of  that  year 
the  school  board  voted  to  take  charge  of  them  and  from 
time  to  time  established  others,  so  that  in  1868  there  were 
some  half  a  dozen  Roman  Catholic  schools,  whose  teachers 
were  elected  upon  nomination  by  Mr.  MacDonald  and  who 
wore  in  school  the  dress  peculiar  to  nuns  of  Roman  Cath 
olic  convents.  These,  besides  the  grammar  school  in  the 
Park-street  building,  taught  by  Thomas  Corcoran,  a  man 
of  the  same  religious  faith,  were  all  supported  at  the  city's 
expense.  It  became  at  last  so  patent  that  these  schools 
were  in  fact  controlled  by  one  religious  denomination,  act 
ing  through  the  proper  authorities,  and  that  sectarianism 
was  becoming  an  element  in  the  public  education,  that  at 
the  election  of  teachers  in  1868  by  the  school  board  those 
who  wore  the  nun's  dress  were  dropped  from  the  list  and 
their  schools  were  discontinued.  This  action  provoked 
a  bitter  controversy  in  the  board  and  very  great  excite 
ment  in  the  city,  but  was  not  revoked.  Mr.  Corcoran  con 
tinued  in  the  pay  of  the  city  till  December,  1869,  when  his 
name  was  dropped  from  the  roll  and  his  school  was  discon 
tinued.  The  city  has  not,  however,  deprived  the  Roman 
Catholics  of  the  use  of  the  building  which  was  given  them 
in  1861  by  district  number  two,  and  Mr.  Corcoran  still 
teaches  there  under  their  auspices. 

The  Roman  Catholics  support  four  schools,  \vhich  are 
free  to  children  of  that  denomination,  the  members  of 


SCHOOLS.  121 

their  churches  being  taxed  to  support  them.  The  first  of 
them  was  started  fifteen  years  ago.  The  Rev.  William  Mac- 
Donald  is  their  superintendent.  The  principal  of  the 
grammar  school  receives  fourteen  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
The  rest  of  the  twenty  teachers  are  all  nuns,  wearing  the 
convent  dress,  and  are  paid  three  hundred  dollars  each. 
This  makes  an  annual  cost  of  seven  thousand  dollars  for 
salaries,  and  this,  together  with  the  money  needed  for  furni 
ture,  repairs  and  incidentals,  is  contributed  by  the  churches 
of  the  denomination  in  the  city. 

The  largest  of  their  schools  is  the  one  on  Park  street, 
whose  principal  is  Thomas  Corcoran,  assisted  by  several 
nuns,  which  contains  eight  rooms  and  has  one  hundred 
and  thirty  grammar  scholars,  one  hundred  and  twenty  mid 
dle  scholars  and  two  hundred  primary  scholars.  On  the 
corner  of  Lowell  and  Birch  streets  are  kept  four  schools, 
primary  and  middle,  employing  four  teachers  and  having 
two  hundred  and  fifty  scholars.  In  the  vestry  of  St.  Jo 
seph's  church  are  two  schools,  primary  and  middle,  em 
ploying  four  teachers  and  having  two  hundred  scholars. 
And  on  the  corner  of  Union  and  Laurel  streets  is  a  school 
of  the  same  size  as  the  one  on  Birch  street.  An  institu 
tion  which  teaches  the  higher  branches,  called  Mount  St. 
Mary's  Academy,  with  which  a  primary  department  is,  how 
ever,  connected,  is  also  supported  by  the  denomination,  but 
its  doors  are  open  to  any  one  who  will  pay  the  tuition  fees. 
The  teachers,  all  nuns,  are  eight  in  number  and  there  are 
on  an  average  one  hundred  pupils. 


122  MANCHESTER. 

SCHOOL  OFFICERS. 


SUPERINTENDENTS, 


FROM   THE   ESTABLISHMENT   OF  THE   OFFICE,  AUGUST,  1855,  TO 
THE    PRESENT   TIME. 


1855-59.  James  O.  Adams. 
1859-60.  John  W.  Kay. 


1860-67.  James  O.  Adams. 
1867-75.  Joseph  G.  Edgerly. 


SCHOOL  COMMITTEES, 

FROM    1846    TO    THE   PRESENT   TIME. 


1846. 

Archibald  Stark, 
Nathaniel  Wheat, 
Joseph  Knowlton, 
Moses  Hill, 
James  MeColley, 
W.  W.  Brown, 
C.  H.  Eastman. 

1847. 

Ephraim  Stevens,  jr., 
J.  G.  Sherburne, 
Thomas  Brown, 
Moses  Hill, 
John  S.  Elliott, 
W.  W.  Brown, 
C.  H.  Eastman. 

1848. 

Ephraim  Stevens,  jr., 
John  B.  Clarke, 
A.  M.  Chapin, 
Archelaus  Wilson, 
James  Hersey, 
W.  W.  Brown, 
William  Grey. 


1849. 

A.  M.  Chapin, 
Josiah  Crosby, 
Sylvanus  Bunton, 
David  P.  Perkins, 
John  S.  Elliott, 
J.  Y.  McQueston. 

1850. 

William  G.  Means, 
Josiah  Crosby, 
Chandler  E.  Potter, 
David  P.  Perkins, 
John  S.  Elliott, 
J.  Y.  McQueston. 


1851. 


A.  M.  Chapin, 
Josiah  Crosby, 
J.  C.  Tasker, 
F.  B.  Eaton, 
A.  B.  Fuller, 
Amos  Abbott. 


SCHOOL  OFFICERS. 


123 


1852. 

James  O.  Adams, 

D.  C.  Bent, 
J.  C.  Tasker, 
F.  B.  Eaton, 
J.  E.  Bennett, 
C.  H.  Eastman. 

1853. 

James  O.  Adams, 
William  Grey, 
Sylvanus  Bunton, 
Justin  Spaulding, 

A.  G.  Tucker, 

C.  H.  Eastman. 

1854. 

T.  T.  Abbot, 
William  Sage, 
J.  C.  Tasker, 
John  II .  Goodale, 

E.  A.  Jenks, 
T.  P.  Sawin, 

B.  F.  Wallace, 
J.  B.  Quimby. 

1855. 

Reuben  Dodge, 
H.  M.  Bacon, 
Jonathan  Tenney, 
E.  M.  Topliff, 
Benjamin  Currier, 
S.  D.  Lord, 
John  O.  Parker. 

185G. 

Reuben  Dodge, 

A.  r.  Heath, 
Jonathan  Tenney, 
J.  D.  Patterson, 
Benjamin  Currier, 
8. 1).  Lord, 

B.  F.  Wallace, 

D.  P.  Currier. 


1857. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 

Ephraim  Corey, 

William  L.  Gage, 

J.  E.  Bennett, 

J.  B.  Hoitt, 

J.  Y.  McQueston, 

B.  F.  Wallace, 

Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

1858. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 

E.  B.  Merrill, 

F.  B.  Eaton, 
Moses  T.  Brown, 
J.  B.  Hoitt, 

J.  Y.  McQueston, 
George  A.  Bowman, 
Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

1859. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 
E.  B.  Merrill, 
Justus  D.  Watson, 
Amos  W.  Sargent, 
George  H.  Hubbard, 
J.  Y.  McQueston, 
James  P.  Walker, 
Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

1860. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 

Waterman  Smith, 

Justus  D.  Watson, 

Amos  W.  Sargent, 

George  H.  Hubbard, 

James  O.  Adams, 
(  B.  F.  Wallace,  resigned, 
(  S.  Webber,  vice  Wallace, 

Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 


124 


MANCHESTER. 


1861. 

John  Hosley, 
Waterman  Smith, 
James  B.  Straw, 
Hiram  Hill, 
John  Coughlin, 
James  O.  Adams, 
Samuel  Webber, 
Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

1862. 

John  Hosley, 
Waterman  Smith, 
James  B.  Straw, 
Hiram  Hill, 
John  Coughlin, 
George  Pierce, 
Samuel  Webber, 
Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

1863. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 
Waterman  Smith, 
Benjamin  F.  Bowles, 
Holmes  It.  Pettee, 
William  Little, 
George  Pierce, 
Samuel  Webber, 
Daniel  Farmer,  jr. 

1864. 

Seth  T.  Hill, 

Waterman  Smith, 

Benjamin  F.  Bowles, 

Holmes  R.  Pettee, 

William  Little, 

George  Pierce, 
(  Samuel  Webber, resigned, 
I  J.  P.  Whittle,  vice  Webber, 

John  E.  Stearns. 

1865. 

William  G.  Perry, 
Waterman  Smith, 
Benjamin  F.  Bowles, 
Isaac  W.  Smith, 
William  Little, 
Ignatius  T.  Webster, 
John  M.  Ordway, 
John  E.  Stearns. 


1866. 

William  G.  Perry, 
Waterman  Smith, 
Benjamin  F.  Bowles, 
Isaac  W.  Smith, 
William  Little, 
Ignatius  T.  Webster, 
John  M.  Ordway, 
Thomas  L.  Thorpe. 

1867. 

Henry  T.  Mo  watt, 
Waterman  Smith, 
Moody  Currier, 
George  W.  Weeks, 
William  Little, 
J.  Y.  McQueston, 
James  P.  Walker, 
Thomas  L.  Thorpe. 

1868. 

Henry  T.  Mo  watt, 
Marshall  P.  Hall, 
Moody  Currier, 
George  W.  Weeks, 
William  Little, 
Daniel  C.  Gould,  jr., 
James  P.  Walker, 
Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

1869. 

Henry  T.  Mowatt, 
Marshall  P.  Hall, 
Daniel  Clark, 
Samuel  Upton, 
William  Little, 
Elbridge  D.  Hadley, 
James  Dean, 
Thomas  S.  Montgomery. 

1870. 

Henry  C.  Sanderson, 
Marshall  P.  Hall, 
Thomas  Borden, 
Samuel  Upton, 
Patrick  A.  Devine, 
Ephraim  S.  Peabody, 
James  Dean, 
DeLafayette  Robinson. 


SCHOOL  OFFICERS.  125 

1871.  1873. 

James  A.  Weston,   >  ~  ..      Charles  H.  Bartlett,  resigned,] 

William  R.  Patten,  f  e  "  John  P.  Newell,  wee  Bartlett,  j 

Henry  C.  Sanderson,  ex  officiis. 

Marshall  P.  Hall,  Charles  A.  Smith, 

Thomas  Borden,  Henry  E.  Burnham, 

Samuel  N.  Bell,  Marshall  P.  Hall, 

Patrick  A.  Devine,  Daniel  Clark, 

William  P.  Merrill,  Nathan  P.  Hunt, 

James  Dean,  Frank  J.  Murray, 

DeLafayette  Robinson.  (  Frank  G.  Clark,  resigned, 

(  Edwin  Kennedy,  vice  Clark, 
-,Q79  George  P.  Rockwell, 

George  H.  Colby. 
Person  C.  Cheney,  )  „  .. 

Edwin  Kennedy,    J  e  l*i4" 

Henry  C.  Sanderson,  James  A.  Weston,  >          „  .. 

Marshall  P.  Hall,  Rufus  H.  Pike,        f ex  Offlc 

Daniel  Clark,  Henry  E.  Burnham, 

Samuel  Upton,  Marshall  P.  Hall, 

Daniel  C.  Gould,  jr.,  John  G.  Lane, 

James  Dean,  Nathan  P.  Hunt, 

DeLafayette  Robinson.  Frank  J.  Murray, 

Edwin  Kennedy, 

5  George  P.  Rockwell,  resigned, 
(  John  K.  McQueston,  vice  Rock 
well, 

John  E.  Stearns. 


RELIGIOUS  AND    BENEVOLENT 
SOCIETIES. 


T  was  not  till  some  years  after  Derryfield  had  become 
^Manchester  that  there  was  aroused  among  its  citi 
zens  a  lasting  interest  in  religious  matters.  The 
settlers  of  New  England  could  never  forsake  entirely  the 
faith  which  had  provoked  them  to  cross  the  sea,  and  the 
men  who  were  Derryfield's  first  settlers  kept  up  religious 
services,  of  a  desultory  character  indeed,  in  spite  of  their 
quarrels.  Before  the  suggestion  of  Derryfield  had  been 
made,  the  savage  tribes  who  were  wont  to  flock  to  Amos- 
keag  Falls  in  the  fishing  season  received  from  the  Rev. 
John  Eliot,  the  well-known  translator  of  the  Bible  into  the 
aboriginal  tongue  of  New  England,  religious  instruction, 
and,  after  his  departure,  his  work  was  continued  by  Simon 
Betogkom.  a  convert  to  the  faith  which  Eliot  held.  Later, 
when  the  white  men  were  attracted  to  the  Falls  by  the 
abundance  of  the  fish,  religious  services  were  occasionally 
held  on  Sundays.  It  is  known  that  before  and  after  1743 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Seccomb  of  Kingston,  an  apostolic  fisherman, 
preached  on  Sundays  when  he  came  to  the  Falls  to  pursue 
his  favorite  pastime. 

There  is  no  record  of  other  preaching  till  after  the  in 
corporation  of  the  town.  In  1753  the  Rev.  Alexander  Mc 
Dowell  was  invited  by  the  town  to  preach,  but  there  is  no 
farther  record  of  the  matter.  Barns  had  been  the  churches 


128  MANCHESTER. 

hitherto,  but  in  1754  the  town  voted  to  build  a  meeting 
house  near  the  Centre.  Its  location  displeased  a  faction, 
and  the  next  year  thirty  citizens  petitioned  for  a  town- 
meeting,  to  which  the  law  entitled  them  and  which  the  se 
lectmen  refused  to  call.  The  petitioners,  however,  made 
request  to  Joseph  Blanchard  and  Matthew  Thornton,  jus 
tices  of  the  peace,  who  ordered  a  meeting,  at  which  the 
vote  to  build  the  meeting-house  was  reconsidered. 

In  1758,  however,  the  town  voted  to  build  a  house  and 
the  frame  was  put  up  in  that  year.  But  the  men  who  op 
posed  its  erection  would  not  pay  the  assessment  laid  upon 
them,  and  no  more  was  then  done.  But  in  succeeding 
years  doors  and  windows  were  put  in  and  the  house  came 
to  a  state  of  partial  completion,  in  which  it  continued  some 
time.  The  quarrel  which  its  location  provoked  continued 
all  the  while,  now  one  party  triumphant  and  now  the  other, 
and  at  length  the  original  cause  of  dispute  was  nearly  lost 
sight  of  in  personal  enmity.  In  1766  the  party  which  had 
located  the  house  at  first  assembled  in  town-meeting  and 
elected  their  candidates  for  town  officers  before  the  rest 
came.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  latter  they  organized  and 
chose  others.  Such  confusion  was  thus  produced  that  the 
legislature  of  that  year,  upon  petition  of  a  number  of  the 
inhabitants,  declared  the  town-meetings  void  and  ordered  a 
new  one,  when  the  same  party  was  victorious.  The  dis 
pute  was  finally  settled  by  a  compromise. 

Preaching  had  generally  been  kept  up  during  this  time, 
and  in  1773  the  Rev.  George  Gilmore,  who  had  occasion 
ally  been  hired  by  the  town,  was  invited  to  become  its 
permanent  preacher,  but  there  is  no  record  of  his  reply. 
The  Revolutionary  War  was  begun  two  years  later,  and 
while  that  lasted  there  was  little  preaching  or  care  for  any. 
The  house  went  to  decay  and  was  not  repaired  till  1788. 
In  1790  the  "  pew-ground  "  was  sold,  the  buyers  paying 
"  two-thirds  of  the  purchise  in  Glass,  Nailes,  or  marchant- 


I 


RELIGIOUS  AND  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES.  129 

able  Clabboards  or  Putty,"  and  the  rest  in  cash.  In  1792 
farther  repairs  were  made  and  the  pew-ground  in  the  gal 
leries  was  sold,  but  the  pews  were  never  built  and  the  house 
remained  incomplete,  never  being  finished  for  a  meeting 
house.  Part  of  the  inhabitants  found  more  convenient 
places  of  worship  in  Londonderry  and  Bedford,  and  the 
others  were  unable  to  have  stated  preaching  or  make  their 
house  suitable  for  worship.  It  was  kept  barely  fit  for  town- 
meetings,  the  rain  and  wind  finding  easy  access  and  swal 
lows  building  their  nests  within  it.  The  Rev.  William  Pick- 
els,  preaching  in  it  in  1803,  effected  some  improvement  by 
telling  his  hearers  the  devil  would  carry  them  off  through 
the  cracks  if  they  were  not  closed.  In  1840  it  was  for 
saken  entirely,  the  town  voting  to  hold  its  meetings  at  the 
newly  created  village  near  the  river.  Thirteen  years  later 
it  was  bought  by  H.  T.  Wilson  and  B.  H.  Cheney,  moved  a 
few  rods  and  converted  into  a  dwelling-house. 

After  the  departure  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pickels  in  1804 
David  Abbott,  who  had  come  into  the  town  the  previous 
year  and  was  of  the  Baptist  faith,  began  holding  meetings 
at  different  houses,  which  were  continued  till  1812,  when  a 
Baptist  church  was  organized  with  fourteen  members.  It 
flourished  under  Mr.  Abbott's  care  for  some  years  till  at 
length  some  unknown  cause  divided  it  and  its  life  departed. 
This  has  the  honor  of  being  the  first  church  organized  in 
the  town. 

The  first  meeting-house  in  the  town  was  built  about  1736 
near  the  burying-ground  on  the  old  Weston  farm  known  as 
the  "  Forest  cemetery,"  by  the  English  settlers  to  whom  the 
land  was  granted  on  condition  that  a  church  should  be 
built.  After  having  been  used  some  years  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire  from  burning  woods.  Of  the  meeting-houses  which 
have  come  down  to  us,  the  old  town-house,  still  standing 
at  the  Centre,  was  the  first  one  built ;  the  old  church  in 
Piscataquog  village  was  the  first  one  that  was  built  by  pri- 


130  MANCHESTER. 

vate  enterprise  within  the  present  limits  of  Manchester ; 
while  the  house  belonging  to  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
society  and  located  at  the  Centre  was  the  first  ever  built 
by  a  religious  society  within  the  original  town.  The  first 
permanent  church  building  in  the  compact  part  of  the  city 
was  erected  in  1839  by  the  First  Congregational  society. 
In  the  same  year  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society  built  a 
wooden  chapel  on  Concord  street,  which  was  used  succes 
sively  by  them,  by  the  Episcopalians  and  by  the  Second  Con 
gregational  society,  and  for  the  general  purposes  of  a  hall, 
and,  being  moved  to  Central  street,  was  occupied  by  the 
Wesleyan  Methodists  and  also  used  for  a  school-house.  It 
is  standing  on  that  street,  the  fifth  house  west  from  Chest 
nut,  number 'fifty-nine,  and  is  occupied  as  a  store. 

Though  the  germs  of  the  Universalist,  Congregational 
and  Calvinistic  Baptist  churches  were  planted  in  Amoskeag 
village,  there  never  was  any  meeting-house  there  and  ser 
vices  were  held  in  halls.  In  1839  they  all  forsook  Amos 
keag  and  began  worship  in  the  new  village  across  the  river, 
establishing  in  feebleness  the  institutions  of  religion  in  a 
city  which  now  maintains  fifteen  different  churches  and  in 
which  four  others  have  been  organized  and  disbanded. 
The  approximate  number  of  members  in  the  Protestant 
churches  is  two  thousand,  and  the  approximate  value  of 
Protestant  and  Roman  Catholic  church  property  half  a 
million  dollars. 

FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCH. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  May,  1828,  a  Presbyterian  church 
was  organized  at  Manchester  Centre  by  an  ecclesiastical 
council  and  Daniel  Watts  was  appointed  clerk.  It  never 
had  a  house  of  its  own  and  a  pastor  was  never  settled  over 
it.  For  a  few  months  after  its  formation  its  pulpit  was 
supplied  by  the  Rev.  William  K.  Talbot.  In  183o  Benja- 


FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH.  131 

min  F.  Foster  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  and  he  for 
some  time  furnished  occasional  preaching.  Those  of  its 
members  who  united  with  the  Amoskeag  church  to  form 
another  at  the  new  village  in  Manchester  were :  Moses 
Noyes,  Lucy  Noyes,  Robert  P.  Whittemore,  Hannah  Jane 
Whittemore,  Jennet  Dickey,  Elizabeth  Hall,  Sally  Whitte 
more,  Eliza  A.  Moor,  Jerusha  Griffin,  Maria  Noyes,  Eliza 
beth  Stark,  Abby  Stark,  Mrs.  F.  G.  Stark. 

At  Amoskeag  village  in  Goffstown,  across  the  river  and 
three  miles  from  the  Presbyterian  church,  a  Congregational 
church  was  organized,  December  2,  1828,  at  the  house  of 
Col.  Daniel  Farmer.  Like  the  Presbyterian  church  it  was 
without  a  house  or  a  pastor  of  its  own.  Among  those  who 
occupied  its  pulpit  were  the  Rev.  B.  F.  Foster,  who  divided 
his  time  between  this  church  and  the  one  at  the  Centre,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Noble,  the  Rev.  Mr.  French,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Stone, 
afterwards  a  missionary  in  Siam,  and  Cyrus  W.  Wallace, 
who  began  his  labors  with  it  on  the  last  Sunday  in  April, 
1839,  and  who  afterwards  became  its  pastor.  About  that 
time  the  church  began  to  hold  meetings  at  the  new  vil 
lage  in  Manchester  with  the  approval  of  the  church  at 
the  Centre,  sustaining  thus  the  first  regular  Sunday  ser 
vices  in  what  is  now  the  compact  part  of  the  city.  At  the 
time  when  it  ceased  to  exist  as  a  separate  church  its  mem 
bers  were  :  Daniel  Farmer,  George  Berry,  Samuel  Poor, 
Henry  Peacock,  Nahum  Baldwin,  Betsey  Farmer,  Mrs. 
Samuel  Poor,  Mrs.  Nahum  Baldwin,  Lettice  McQueston, 
Betsey  Flanders,  Mary  Rodgers,  Lydia  Drew,  Harriet 
Jones,  Mary  C.  Perry,  Catherine  French,  Mrs.  Pollard. 

It  had  become  by  this  time  patent  that  a  union  of  these 
two  churches  would  be  a  gain  to  each  and  that  the  place 
for  the  new  church  was  at  the  village  which  the  manufac 
turers  were  building  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Merrimack. 
The  union  was  effected  August  15, 1839,  by  a  council  which 
met  first  at  the  house  of  Phinehas  French  in  Amoskeag 


132  MANCHESTER. 

village  and  then  adjourned  to  Franklin  Hall,  and  the 
church  thus  formed  was  called  the  "  First  Congregational 
Church  in  Amoskeag,"  a  house  of  worship  being  built  for 
its  use  at  the  new  village  in  1839.  The  name  was  after 
wards  changed  to  that  of  the  First  Congregational  Church 
in  Manchester.  Cyrus  W.  Wallace,  then  a  licentiate  of  the 
Londonderry  Presbytery,  had  already,  as  has  been  said, 
commenced  his  labors  with  the  Amoskeag  church,  but  did 
not  preach  as  a  candidate  for  settlement.  He  supplied  the 
pulpit  till  November  of  that  year  and  then  received  a  call 
to  be  settled  as  the  pastor  of  the  church  and  society.  He 
accepted  the  invitation  and  was  ordained,  January  8, 1840, 
being  the  first  minister  ever  ordained  and  installed  in  the 
town. 

At  the  time  of  the  union  of  the  two  churches,  Moses 
Noyes  was  the  deacon  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  Dan 
iel  Farmer  of  the  Congregational  church,  and  by  mutual 
agreement  they  became  the  deacons  of  the  new  church, 
continuing  in  office  till  death  removed  them,  the  one  in 
October,  1860,  and  the  other,  October  30,  1865.  In  1850 
Nahum  Baldwin  and  Hiram  Brown  were  made  deacons. 
They  resigned  upon  their  departure  from  town,  the  one  in 
1871  and  the  other  in  1869.  In  1848  Henry  Lancaster 
and  Holbrook  Chandler  were  chosen  deacons.  The  former 
resigned  in  1858  and  was  then  succeeded  by  Ebenezer  C. 
Foster,  who  was  taken  away  by  death  February  18,  1865. 
Mr.  Chandler  resigned  in  1857  upon  his  removal  from 
town.  Daniel  C.  Gould  became  a  deacon  in  1858  and 
held  the  office  till  his  death,  November  3,  1872.  In  1862 
Theodore  T.  Abbot  was  elected  deacon,  but  resigned  in 
1874  when  he  removed  from  the  city.  In  1866  Henry 
Clough,  Peter  K.  Chandler  and  Leonard  French  were  add 
ed  to  the  list  of  deacons.  The  two  latter  continue  in  of 
fice  ;  the  former  fell  dead  on  the  evening  of  November 
17,  1872,  at  a  meeting  of  a  temperance  society  connected 


FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH.  133 

with  the  church.  December  10,  1872,  three  more  were 
chosen  deacons  —  John  P.  Newell,  Horace  Pettee,  S.  S. 
Marden.  June  19, 1874,  the  system  of  church  government 
was  re-organized.  By  request,  all  the  deacons  resigned 
and  were  at  once  re-elected,  to  serve  for  a  definite  term  in 
stead  of  for  life  as  before.  P.  K.  Chandler  was  chosen  for 
one  year  ;  Leonard  French,  two  years ;  John  P.  Newell, 
three  years  ;  Horace  Pettee,  four  years ;  S.  S.  Marden,  five 
years. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  church  after  its  foundation  in 
1839  George  Perry  was  chosen  its  clerk,  holding  the  office 
till  his  death  in  1841.  From  that  time  there  is  no  record 
of  the  election  of  a  clerk  and  the  records  were  in  the  main 
kept  by  the  pastor  till  June  23,  1854,  when  William  Harts 
horn  was  chosen  clerk.  He  was  succeeded,  May  5, 1860,  by 
George  W.  Pinkerton,  and  he,  January  4,  1863,  by  Charles 
A.  Daniels.  Thomas  B.  Brown  was  chosen  clerk  May  31, 
1864,  and  treasurer  in  1867.  He  was  succeeded,  June  19, 
1874,  by  John  D.  Patterson  as  clerk,  and  by  Jasper  P. 
George  as  treasurer. 

Dr.  Wallace,  who  had  been  the  pastor  of  the  church 
since  its  formation  and  whose  uninterrupted  service  with 
one  church  far  exceeded  in  length  that  of  any  other  cler 
gyman  ever  settled  in  Manchester,  sent  his  resignation  to 
the  church  January  11,  1873,  and  it  was  accepted  by  the 
latter  to  take  effect  the  last  of  August.  Edward  G.  Selden 
accepted  a  call  to  succeed  Dr.  Wallace  and  was  ordained, 
December  16,  1873.  By  a  vote  of  the  church,  "as  an  ex 
pression  of  their  affectionate  regard,"  Dr.  Wallace  was 
made  "pastor  emeritus"  of  the  church,  on  the  first  of  Jan 
uary,  1874.  The  church  has  a  membership  of  about  four 
hundred  and  seventy-five  and  the  Sunday-school  connected 
with  it  numbers  about  five  hundred.  Of  the  latter  Holmes 
R.  Pettee  is  superintendent,  and  Peter  K.  Chandler  assist 
ant  superintendent. 


134  MANCHESTER. 

A  meeting  of  persons  interested  in  forming  a  Congrega 
tional  society  was  held  at  Amoskeag,  April  4, 1838.  These 
were  organized  as  the  "  First  Congregational  Society  in 
Amoskeag  village,"  and  at  an  adjourned  meeting  on  the 
twenty-seventh  adopted  a  constitution  and  chose  Daniel 
Farmer,  president ;  George  W.  Kimball,  secretary  ;  Nahum 
Baldwin,  Samuel  Poor  and  George  Perry,  directors.  The 
next  year  Moses  C.  Greene  was  chosen  secretary  and  ap 
pointed  treasurer,  and  Joseph  Moody  and  David  A.  Bunton 
became  directors  in  place  of  Messrs.  Poor  and  Perry.  In 
1840  David  A.  Bunton  was  chosen  president,  and  J.  Apple- 
ton  Btirnham,  Daniel  Farmer  and  James  Wallace,  direct 
ors.  The  next  year  Paul  Cragin,  jr.,  succeeded  Mr.  Greene 
as  secretary  and  treasurer.  In  1842  William  G.  Means  was 
chosen  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Hiram  Brown  and  Fos 
ter  Towns  succeeded  Messrs.  Burnham  and  Farmer  as  di 
rectors.  Mr.  Towns  died  within  the  year  and  William 
Hartshorn  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  These  officers 
continued  through  the  next  year,  and  in  1844  Hiram  Brown 
was  made  president  and  his  place  in  the  board  of  directors 
was  filled  by  Abram  Brigham,  who  was  succeeded  in  1845 
by  David  Hill. 

The  society  failed  to  hold  the  annual  meeting  of  1846 
at  the  appointed  time,  and  a  special  meeting  was  called  by 
the  Hon.  Samuel  D.  Bell  as  justice  of  the  peace,  on  request 
of  Messrs.  Means,  Hartshorn  and  Bunton,  when  the  officers 
of  the  year  before  were  re-elected,  continuing  through  1847. 
In  1848  Frederick  Wallace  and  Francis  Reed  were  chosen 
to  succeed  David  Hill  and  James  Wallace  as  directors,  be 
ing  themselves  succeeded  the  next  year  by  David  A.  Bun- 
ton  and  Joshua  Deane.  In  1850  Samuel  Fish  succeeded 
Mr.  Deane  and  in  1851  Holbrook  Chandler  took  Mr.  Bun- 
ton's  place.  There  was  no  change  in  1852  and  but  one  in 
1853,  Jacob  G.  Cilley  being  elected  a  director  in  place  of 
Mr.  Fish.  The  next  year  Hiram  Brown,  who  had  been  pres- 


FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL  SOCIETY.  135 

ident  of  the  society  since  1844,  was  succeeded  by  Nahum 
Baldwin  ;  William  G.  Means,  who  had  been  secretary  and 
treasurer  since  1842,  gave  place  to  William  Hartshorn  ;  and 
Holbrook  Chandler,  Jacob  G.  Cilley  and  William  Patten 
were  elected  directors,  Mr.  Patten  being  succeeded  in  1855 
by  Ebenezer  C.  Foster.  There  was  no  change  in  1856,  and 
in  1857  William  Patten  was  re-elected  director  in  Mr.  Chan 
dler's  place,  being  himself  succeeded  the  next  year  by 
George  W.  Pinkertoii. 

The  officers  of  1858  were  re-elected  in  1859,  and  in  1860 
David  A.  Bimton  was  again  chosen  a  director,  in  place  of 
Mr.  Foster.  In  1861  Horace  Pettee  succeeded  Mr.  Pink- 
erton  as  a  director ;  in  1862  there  was  no  change ;  and  in 
1863  Moulton  Knowles  became  a  director  in  Mr.  Bunion's 
place.  The  next  year  Nahum  Baldwin,  president  of  the 
society  for  ten  years,  gave  place  to  Peter  K.  Chandler ; 
William  Hartshorn,  secretary  for  the  same  length  of  time, 
was  succeeded  by  John  P.  Newell,  upon  whose  resignation 
within  the  year  Jacob  G.  Cilley  was  elected,  and  Thomas 
B.  Brown  took  Mr.  Cilley's  place  on  the  board  of  directors. 
These  officers  continued  through  1865,  1866  and  1867.  In 
1868  John  P.  Newell  was  elected  president,  and  Joseph  B. 
Sawyer,  secretary  and  treasurer,  both  of  whom  have  served 
up  to  the  present  time  ;  and  Henry  Clough,  Horace  Gor 
don  and  Henry  C.  Reynolds  were  chosen  directors.  There 
was  no  change  in  1869  and  1870,  Daniel  Farmer  succeed 
ing  Mr.  Reynolds  in  1871.  The  directors  of  1872  were 
Daniel  Farmer,  George  P.  Rockwell  and  Stephen  P.  Chase; 
of  1873,  Peter  K.  Chandler,  Stephen  P.  Chase  and  Hor 
ace  P.  Watts  ;  of  1874,  Horace  P.  Watts,  Charles  R.  Mor 
rison  and  Thomas  S.  Sargent. 

Shortly  after  the  formation  of  the  society  a  vote  was 
passed  to  form  the  "Amoskeag  Joint  Stock  Company  "  for 
the  purpose  of  building  a  church  in  Amoskeag  village. 
This  vote  was  rescinded,  other  plans  and  places  were  dis- 


136  MANCHESTER. 

cussed  and  in  1839  it  was  decided  to  build  the  present 
house  of  worship  on  Hanover  street  near  Elm.  The  Am- 
oskeag  Company  gave  the  land  and  the  Stark  Mills  gave 
five  hundred  dollars  to  help  build  the  church.  Other  means 
were  obtained  by  making  shares  of  stock  which  were  soon 
taken  up.  The  house  was  begun  in  the  spring,  finished  in 
the  autumn  and  dedicated  in  November,  of  1839.  It  then 
contained  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  pews  and  would  ac 
commodate  six  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  During  the 
process  of  building,  the  society,  which  had  already  left 
Amoskeag,  worshiped  in  Franklin  hall  on  Amherst  street, 
nearly  in  the  rear  of  the  present  church.  In  1852  the  house 
was  enlarged,  the  congregation  worshiping  meanwhile  in 
the  city  hall.  About  1842  a  vestry  or  chapel  was  built  just 
back  of  the  church.  The  property  is  now  estimated  to  be 
worth  about  eighteen  thousand  dollars. 

About  1846  the  society  forsook  its  original  name  and 
took  that  of  the  First  Congregational  Society  in  Manches 
ter.  January  9, 1865,  it  having  been  twenty-five  years  since 
the  settlement  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wallace,  the  event  was  cel 
ebrated  by  the  society  and  other  friends  by  a  gathering  at 
Smyth's  hall,  Peter  K.  Chandler,  then  president  of  the  so 
ciety,  in  the  chair.  Dr.  Wallace  preached  a  commemora 
tive  sermon,  and  addresses  were  made  by  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Savage  of  Bedford,  a  member  of  the  council  convened  to 
settle  Mr.  Wallace,  the  Rev.  Henry  E.  Parker  of  Concord, 
the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Bouton,  D.  D.,  of  Concord,  the  Rev. 
Henry  M.  Dexter  of  Boston  and  the  Rev.  William  H.  Fenn 
of  Manchester,  former  pastors  of  the  Franklin-street  soci 
ety,  William  G.  Means  of  Andover,  Mass.,  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  First  society  from  1842  to  1854,  and  John 
B.  Clarke  of  Manchester.  Dr.  Wallace  was  made  the  recip 
ient  of  several  articles  in  testimony  of  the  regard  of  his 
people. 


FIRST  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.  137 

FIRST  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

Methodism  was  first  introduced  to  Manchester  about 
1827,  and  its  first  apostles  were  the  Rev.  Orlando  Hinds, 
the  Rev.  B.  Peaslee,  a  local  preacher  named  B.  Haskell, 
and  others.  In  1828  and  1829  the  Rev.  John  Broadhead 
was  made  preacher  in  charge,  assisted  by  the  Rev.  Caleb 
Lamb,  of  a  circuit  of  eight  or  ten  towns  among  which  Man 
chester  was  included.  A  church  was  organized  September 
27,  1829,  and  in  that  year  under  Mr.  Broadhead's  labors 
eighty  members  were  added  to  it.  Among  its  first  mem 
bers  were  Daniel  Webster,  John  G.  Webster,  Joseph  B. 
Hall  and  Isaac  Merrill.  At  that  time  the  Centre  was  the 
town,  there  being  but  three  or  four  dwelling-houses  where 
now  is  the  city  proper,  and  at  the  Centre  in  1829  was  be 
gun  by  this  church  the  erection  of  the  first  meeting-house 
ever  completed  in  the  original  town  and  the  first  begun  by 
a  society.  It  was  completed  the  next  year  at  a  cost  of  two 
thousand  dollars. 

The  first  pastor  of  the  church  was  the  Rev.  Matthew 
Newhall,  appointed  in  1829  and  re-appointed  in  1830.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Gridley  is  supposed  to  have  been  stationed  over 
it  the  next  two  years.  In  1833  the  preacher  in  charge  was 
the  Rev.  Silas  Greene  ;  in  1834,  the  Rev.  Caleb  Dustin  ; 
in  1835,  the  Rev.  William  S.  Lock;  in  1836  and  1837,  the 
Rev.  Converse  L.  McCurdy  ;  in  1838,  the  Rev.  William  J. 
Kidder.  In  1839  the  Rev.  Matthew  Newhall,  the  first  res 
ident  preacher,  was  returned  to  his  old  charge  and  con 
tinued  with  it  that  year  and  the  next,  being  succeeded  in 
1841  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hayes.  In  1842  the  Rev.  Elihu 
Scott  was  made  the  preacher  in  charge  of  this  church  and 
of  the  Second  Methodist  church  which  had  been  organized 
in  1839  at  the  new  village,  but  he  did  not  preach  at  the 
Centra.  The  Rev.  William  S.  Lock  supplied  the  pulpit 
and  continued  with  the  church  nearly  three  years,  being 
9 


138  MANCHESTER. 

succeeded  in  1845  by  the  Rev.  Charles  H.  Eastman,  who 
was  re-appointed  the  next  year,  but  whose  want  of  health 
compelled  him  to  retire  from  ministerial  work. 

In  1847  and  1848  the  Rev.  Horatio  W.  Taplin  was  the 
pastor  of  the  church,  being  succeeded  in  1849  by  the  Rev. 
Henry  Nutter,  who  remained  two  years.  In  1851  the  Rev. 
Isaac  W.  Huntley  was  appointed,  and  re-appointed  in  1852, 
but  died  before  the  close  of  the  year.  In  1853  the  pastor 
was  the  Rev.  Elijah  R.  Wilkins ;  in  1854,  the  Rev.  Robert 
S.  Stubbs :  and  in  1855  the  Rev.  H.  W.  Hart.  The  latter, 
for  want  of  health,  preached  but  little,  and  the  pulpit  was 
supplied  by  a  student  from  the  theological  school  at  Con 
cord.  In  1856  the  Rev.  Henry  Nutter  returned  to  the 
church  as  its  pastor  after  six  years'  absence,  being  suc 
ceeded  the  next  year  by  the  Rev.  L.  H.  Gordon.  In  1859 
and  1860  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Buzzell  was  the  pastor;  in  1861, 
the  Rev.  J.  P.  Stinchfield ;  in  1862,  the  Rev.  Elijah  R. 
Wilkins,  who  had  just  come  back  from  service  as  chaplain 
in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  In  1863  the  Rev.  William 
Hews  was  appointed  but  preached  only  a  few  times  and 
then  resigned  the  charge,  the  pulpit  being  supplied  the  rest 
of  the  year  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wilmot.  In  1864  and  1865 
the  pastor  was  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Mattison;  in  1866  and  1867, 
the  Rev.  W.  L.  Chase  ;  in  1868,  the  Rev.  James  Dean  ;  in 
1869,  1870  and  1871,  the  Rev.  J.  Movvry  Bean.  He  was 
succeeded  in  1872  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Tyrie,  who  left  be 
fore  the  end  of  the  year  to  join  the  Freewill  Baptist  church. 
The  present  pastor,  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Taylor,  was  appointed 
in  1873  and  re-appointed  in  1874.  The  church  has  seven 
ty-five  members  and  the  Sunday-school  connected  with  it 
has  one  hundred  and  ten.  The  superintendent  is  P.  W. 
Sanborn,  and  the  assistant  superintendent,  A.  S.  Lamb. 
The  first  parsonage  was  replaced  in  1870  by  a  new  one. 
The  value  of  the  church  property  is  estimated  to  be  six 
thousand  dollars. 


FIRST  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH.  139 

FIRST  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH. 

The  germ  of  what  is  now  the  First  Universalist  Society 
in  Manchester  was  started  in  1825  at  Amoskeag  village  by 
Dr.  Oliver  Dean,  then  the  agent  of  the  manufacturing  com 
pany  out  of  which  the  Amoskeag  Company  grew.  The 
first  pastor  was  the  Rev.  Frederic  A.  Hodsdon.  In  1839 
the  society  was  transferred  to  Manchester,  and  a  brick 
building  for  its  use — the  present  church — was  erected  in  the 
summer  and  fall  of  that  year  on  Lowell  street  near  Elm,  on 
land  given  by  the  Amoskeag  Company.  It  was  dedicated 
in  February,  1840.  and  the  Rev.  N.  Gunnison  was  settled 
in  May  and  resigned  in  October  of  that  year.  George  W. 
Gage  was  ordained  over  the  church  and  society  in  June, 
1841,  but  was  dismissed  in  April,  1844,  being  succeeded  at 
that  time  by  the  Rev.  B.  M.  Tillotson,  who  resigned  Octo 
ber  10,  1859.  The  Rev.  B.  F.  Bowles  became  the  pastor 
June  27, 1860,  and  was  dismissed  in  1866.  The  Rev.  S.  L. 
Roripaugh  was  installed  June  26,  1867,  and  resigned  Octo 
ber  3, 1868.  He  was  succeeded  on  the  first  day  of  the  new 
year  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Borden,  who  remained  till  De 
cember,  1871.  The  Rev.  G.  L.  Demarest  began  his  labors 
September  1,  1872,  and  continued  as  pastor  till  February 
1,  1875,  when  his  resignation  was  accepted.  Shortly  after 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Gage's  dismissal,  some  disaffection  arose  in 
the  First  church  and  some  of  its  members  organized  a 
"  Second  Universalist  Church  "  with  him  for  a  pastor, 
which  held  meetings  in  a  hall  in  Merrimack  block,  oppo 
site  the  Manchester  House,  but  whose  existence  was  brief. 

No  records  of  the  society  for  the  years  previous  to  1851 
have  come  down  to  these  times.  In  that  year  Samuel  W. 
Parsons  was  its  president ;  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  vice-presi 
dent  ;  Warren  L.  Lane,  secretary  ;  and  John  S.  Kidder, 
treasurer.  The  next  year  Mr.  Flanders  became  president 
and  his  vacant  place  was  filled  by  the  election  of  Alonzo 


140  MANCHESTER. 

Smith  as  vice-president.  With  these  exceptions  the  officers 
remained  the  same  till  1858  when  Alonzo  Smith  was  elected 
president;  John  H.  Maynard,  vice-president ;  Abel  M.  Ken- 
iston,  clerk;  and  Joseph  Kidder,  treasurer.  In  1859  Mr. 
Kidder  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  P.  Pierce,  and  in  1860 
Darwin  J.  Daniels  was  chosen  vice-president,  and  Daniel 
W.  Lane,  clerk.  The  next  year  Mr.  Daniels  became  pres 
ident;  George  C.  Gilmore,  vice-president ;  and  George  B. 
Chandler,  treasurer.  These  continued  in  office  during 
1862,  but  in  1863  William  H.  Elliott  was  chosen  president ; 
Thomas  B.  Eastman,  vice-president ;  Hirarn  Hill,  clerk ; 
Gilrnan  B.  Fogg,  treasurer.  The  president,  clerk  and 
treasurer  remained  in  office  five  years.  In  1865  Jeremiah 
Fisk  became  vice-president,  to  be  succeeded  the  next  year 
by  P.  B.  Putney,  who  gave  place  a  year  later  to  A.  J.  Lane. 

In  1868  N.  E.  Morrill  was  chosen  president ;  William  N. 
Chamberlin,  vice-president ;  J.  L.  Smith,  clerk ;  and  J.  F. 
Woodbury,  treasurer.  The  next  year  William  H.  Elliott 
again  became  president ;  S.  C.  Forsaith,  vice-president ; 
William  F.  Robie,  clerk ;  and  William  G.  Hoyt,  treasurer. 
In  1870  Mr.  Forsaith  was  elected  president ;  John  B.  Mc- 
Crillis,  vice-president ;  W.  S.  Hill,  clerk ;  and  N.  E.  Mor 
rill,  treasurer.  In  1871  J.  L.  Smith  again  became  clerk. 
The  next  year  Mr.  McCrillis  was  chosen  president ;  Wil 
liam  B.  Johnson,  vice-president ;  and  A.  H.  Weston,  treas 
urer.  In  1873  Joel  Daniels  succeeded  Mr,  Smith  as  clerk, 
and  Hiram  Hill  took  Mr.  Weston's  place  as  treasurer.  In 
1874  Samuel  W.  Parsons,  who  had  held  the  office  in  1851, 
was  chosen  president ;  George  C.  Gilmore,  vice-president ; 
and  A.  H.  Weston,  treasurer.  In  1875  Thomas  W.  Lane 
succeeded  Mr.  Parsons  as  president ;  John  B.  McCrillis  be 
came  vice-president ;  Alexander  H.  Downs,  clerk  ;  and  N. 
E.  Morrill,  treasurer. 

The  church  records  are  begun  as  follows :  "  On  the 
fourth  day  of  September,  1833,  the  following  persons  asso- 


FIRST  UNI  VERBALIST  CHURCH.  141 

elated  themselves  together  as  the 6  First  Universalist  Church 
of  Bedford  and  Goffstown,'  and  partook  of  the  sacrament 
of  the  Lord's  Supper : — Frederic  A.  Hodsdon,  John  Stark, 
3d,  George  Daniels,  Hiram  A.  Daniels,  John  Mullet,  Edwin 
Smith,  David  Fiske,  Nehemiah  Preston,  Mary  Parker,  Mrs. 
Pattee,  Moses  Gage,  John  Y.  Wilson  and  Caleb  Johnson." 

On  the  twentieth  of  November  the  church  met  at  the 
school-house  in  Amoskeag  village  and  chose  the  Rev.  Fred 
eric  A.  Hodsdon  moderator,  and  George  Daniels  clerk,  of 
the  meeting.  After  adopting  a  declaration  of  faith  and  a 
constitution,  the  church  chose  George  Daniels  its  clerk  and 
treasurer,  and  Wilbur  Gay  a  deacon.  The  meetings  there 
after  were  generally  held  at  Amoskeag  hall.  On  the  twen 
ty-second  of  December  of  the  same  year  John  McAllaster 
was  chosen  as  a  second  deacon.  In  1834  Hiram  A.  Dan 
iels  became  clerk,  and  Wilbur  Gay,  treasurer.  The  former, 
who  was  chosen  as  a  third  deacon  November  18,  1835,  con 
tinued  as  clerk  till  November  16,  1836,  when  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Darwin  J.  Daniels.  At  the  same  time  it  was 
voted  to  change  the  name  of  the  church  to  that  of  the 
"  First  Universalist  Church  of  Amoskeag."  The  last  rec 
ord  which  is  dated  at  Amoskeag  was  made  November  21, 
1838. 

The  next  year  the  society  was  removed  to  the  village  of 
Manchester  across  the  river,  but  it  was  not  till  three  years 
later  that  a  church  was  organized.  April  28,  1842,  seve 
ral  members  of  the  society,  according  to  notice  previously 
given,  met  at  the  residence  of  the  pastor,  the  Rev.  George 
W.  Gage,  "  for  the  purpose  of  consulting  on  the  subject  of 
church  organization."  A  committee  —  the  Rev.  George  W. 
Gage,  Deacon  Caleb  Johnson  and  Ira  Ballou  —  was  chosen 
to  report  a  resolution  to  express  the  sense  of  the  assembly. 
At  a  meeting  held  May  3,  the  resolution,  which  advocated 
the  immediate  formation  of  a  church,  was  adopted,  and  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Deacon  Wilbur  Gay,  Deacon  Caleb 


142  MANCHESTER. 

Johnson,  Hiram  A.  Daniels,  Dr.  Zaccheus  Colburn,  Ira 
Ballou,  Isaac  C.  Flanders  and  the  Eev.  George  W.  Gage, 
was  chosen  to  report  a  declaration  of  belief  and  a  form  of 
government,  which  were  adopted  on  the  tenth.  On  the 
fourteenth  of  the  following  September  J.  M.  Barnes  was 
elected  secretary,  and  Ira  Ballou,  treasurer;  and  in  Novem 
ber  Charles  Pierce  and  Hiram  A.  Daniels  were  made 
deacons. 

May  12,  1844,  another  deacon,  Leonard  Dakin,  2d,  was 
chosen.  In  1849  the  secretary,  J.  M.  Barnes,  was  made 
treasurer  also.  January  25,  1852,  Caleb  Johnson  was 
elected  deacon  ;  February  22,  1852,  Justus  Fisher  and  J. 
C.  Hill ;  July  5,  1854,  Archibald  Dow  ;  July  1,  1855,  Lu 
ther  Smith  and  Zebiua  Perry ;  November  1,  1857,  Henry 
J.  Dow  ;  May  4,  1862,  Alonzo  Smith.  Upon  the  latter's 
death,  Gilman  B.  Fogg  was  chosen,  May  7,  1865,  to  take 
his  place.  Mr.  Fogg  resigned  and  the  vacancy  was  filled 
by  the  election  of  Horace  Stearns,  May  2,  1869.  July  6, 
1856,  Luther  Smith  was  chosen  clerk  and  treasurer,  but 
the  record  was  mainly  kept  by  the  pastor,  Mr.  Tillotson, 
till  1858,  when  Luther  H.  French  was  elected.  John  B. 
McCrillis  succeeded  him  in  1862,  but  the  record  was  kept 
by  the  pastor,  Mr.  Bowles.  N.  Maria  Woods  was  elected 
clerk  in  1864,  and  Mrs.  Ella  A.  Elliott,  in  1866.  The  latter 
was  succeeded  the  next  year  by  Sylvanus  B.  Putnam,  the 
present  clerk  and  treasurer. 

The  church  building  was  enlarged  in  1850  and  has  since 
been  materially  altered.  The  property  is  estimated  to  be 
worth  eighteen  thousand  dollars.  The  church  has  a  mem 
bership  of  about  fifty,  and  the  Sunday-school,  which  is  un 
der  the  care  of  Sylvanus  B.  Putnam,  numbers  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five. 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  143 

FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

On  the  twenty-sixth  of  July,  1835,  the  Baptist  church  in 
Goffstown  voted  to  recognize  ten  persons,  viz.:  Elder  John 
Peacock,  Daniel  Gooden,  John  Stevens,  Mary  R.  Peacock, 
Stevens,  Hopy  Tewksbury,  Betsy  Tewksbury,  Eliza 
beth  Mclntire,  Zilpha  Gould  and  Abigail  Rider,  as  the 
"  Amoskeag  branch  of  the  Goffstown  church."  They  met 
for  the  first  time,  five  days  later,  at  the  house  of  Daniel 
Gooden  in  Amoskeag  village  and  chose  John  Peacock  pas 
tor  and  clerk  of  the  church.  They  first  held  public  wor 
ship  on  the  second  of  August  in  a  hall  and  thereafter  met 
at  Hull's  hall  and  at  the  houses  of  the  members.  January 
3,  1836,  Daniel  Gooden  was  chosen  deacon.  At  a  meeting 
held  at  the  house  of  Deacon  John  Plumer,  December  1, 
1836,  the  branch  resolved  to  ask  a  dismissal  from  the 
Goffstown  church  and  invited  a  council  to  assist  them  in 
becoming  a  distinct  organization.  The  council  met,  Janu 
ary  4,  1837,  at  Roger  Williams  hall,  and  recognized  the 
branch  as  an  independent  church,  the  late  Andrew  T.  Foss, 
well-known  as  one  of  the  anti-slavery  agitators,  preaching 
the  sermon  of  recognition.  The  church  held  its  first  meet 
ing  the  next  day  at  Daniel  Gooden's  house. 

This  church  was  affected,  like  the  rest  in  Amoskeag  vil 
lage,  by  the  natural  tendency  to  the  new  town  across  the 
river,  and  in  1840  a  brick  building  was  built  for  the  uses  of 
the  church  on  a  lot  of  land  given  by  the  Amoskeag  Com 
pany  and  situated  on  the  corner  of  Manchester  and  Chest 
nut  streets.  Thither  the  church  removed  in  that  year  and 
voted  to  be  known  as  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Manches 
ter  on  the  twenty-second  of  September.  Elder  Peacock, 
who  had  been  dismissed  from  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
and  left  town  in  1837,  returned  in  1842  and  began  preach 
ing  at  Amoskeag  village,  the  church  in  Manchester  passing 
a  vote  in  approval  "  of  efforts  of  brethren  at  Amoskeag  to 


144  MANCHESTER. 

sustain  preaching  there."  September  25, 1842,  about  twen 
ty  persons  were  recognized  at  their  request  as  the  "  Amos- 
keag  branch  of  the  Manchester  Baptist  church,"  and  sup 
ported  services  of  their  own  at  Amoskeag  village.  Edwin 
Baldwin  was  chosen  their  clerk,  treasurer  and  deacon. 
Their  pastor  was  Mr.  Peacock,  who  left  them  in  April, 
1842,  and  they  voted,  September  24,  1843,  "  to  close  up 
the  meetings  of  the  branch  and  unite  with  the  Manchester 
church  in  worshipping  the  Lord." 

In  1838,  the  year  after  the  first  pastor,  the  Eev.  John 
Peacock,  was  dismissed,  the  Rev.  E.  K.  Bailey  received  and 
accepted  a  call.  He  was  succeeded  in  1842  by  the  Eev. 
James  Upham,  who  was  followed  in  order  by  the  Rev,  Jo 
seph  Storer,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Brierly,  who  remained  till 
1847,  the  Rev.  Thomas  0.  Lincoln,  and  the  Rev.  Isaac  Saw 
yer,  whose  resignation  was  accepted  May  28,  1854.  The 
Rev.  Benjamin  F.  Hedden  began  his  labors  with  the  church 
October  8, 1854,  and  relinquished  them  in  November,  1856. 
The  Rev.  George  Pierce  became  pastor  April  5,  1857,  and 
remained  such  eight  years,  his  resignation  being  accepted 
October  1,  1865.  He  was  succeeded,  March  21,  1866,  by 
the  Rev.  N.  C.  Mallory,  who  remained  till  July  1,  1870. 
The  present  pastor,  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Graves,  was  installed 
February  7,  1871. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Peacock,  as  has  already  been  stated,  was 
chosen  the  first  clerk,  being  succeeded  in  1837  by  Andrew 
J.  George.  Two  years  later  Henry  Kimball  was  elected, 
and  in  1840  Charles  P.  Crockett  succeeded  him.  Upon 
the  latter's  dismissal,  June  9,  1842,  David  P.  Perkins  was 
chosen  clerk.  The  first  volume  of  the  records  of  the  church 
after  it  came  to  Manchester  is  lost  and  there  is  therefore  no 
indication  of  what  the  church  did  between  1842  and  1853. 
The  second  volume  begins  December  26,  1853,  with  a  rec 
ord  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  church,  at  which  Joseph 
E.  Bennett  was  chosen  clerk,  and  George  M.  Stevens  treas- 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  145 

urer.  In  1855  Benjamin  Currier  became  treasurer.  Al 
though  Mr.  Bennett  was  clerk,  George  Kimball  was  chosen 
clerk  pro  tempore  and  kept  the  records  from  May,  1857,  to 
January,  1859.  In  1860  Benjamin  Currier  was  chosen 
clerk,  and  John  Paige  treasurer.  In  1864  Mr.  Currier  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  clerk,  Henry  L.  Kimball,  the  son 
of  Henry  Kimball  who  was  clerk  of  the  church  in  1839 
while  it  was  still  ai  Amoskeag  village.  In  1866  Benjamin 
Currier  was  again  elected  treasurer  and  has  held  the  office 
ever  since. 

The  first  record  of  the  choice  of  a  deacon  is  found  under 
date  of  January  3,  1836,  when  Daniel  Gooden  was  elected. 
He  was  dismissed  in  1845  to  form  with  others  the  Second 
Baptist  church.  January  8, 1841,  John  Plumer  and  Charles 
P.  Crockett  were  chosen,  both  being  dismissed  the  next  year. 
It  would  appear  from  the  records  that  at  the  time  the  sec 
ond  volume  was  begun,  in  1853,  among  the  deacons  wrere 
George  M.  Stevens  and  0.  B.  Robinson,  who  were  dis 
missed  in  1854,  John  Paige,  who  was  dismissed  in  1867, 
Joseph  E.  Bennett,  who  resigned  in  1864,  Benjamin  Cur 
rier.  Ebenezer  Clark,  Daniel  Balch  and  Trueworthy  Blais- 
dell.  Deacon  Clark  was  dismissed  in  1848  to  join  the  Sec 
ond  church,  but  was  in  1850  again  received  into  the  First. 
George  Kimball  and  Seth  J.  Sanborn  were  added  to  the 
number  January  3,1858.  The  former  resigned  in  1866  and 
the  latter  was  removed  by  death  in  1872.  April  4,  1866, 
James  Baldwin  and  Orison  Hardy  were  elected  deacons. 
The  church  has  a  membership  of  three  hundred  and  twen 
ty-five,  of  whom  about  two  hundred  are  resident;  there  are 
three  hundred  and  seventy-five  in  the  Sunday  school,  which 
is  under  the  charge  of  Henry  H.  Huse,  the  superintendent, 
and  Francis  A.  Hawley,  assistant  superintendent. 

At  the  request  of  George  A.  Barnes  and  others  a  meet 
ing  was  called,  January  27,  1855,  at  Mr.  Barnes's  store, 
u  to  organize  a  society  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  the 


146  MANCHESTER. 

financial  interests  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Manches 
ter."  A  few  articles  of  agreement  were  signed  by  George 
A.  Barries,  Ebenezer  Clark,  E.  B.  Merrill  and  others.  Jo 
seph  B.  Clark  was  chosen  clerk,  and  the  society  was  organ 
ized  as  the  "  First  Baptist  Religious  Society  of  Manchester." 
At  a  meeting  held  February  19,  a  committee  was  chosen 
to  prepare  a  proper  constitution,  which  was  reported  and 
adopted  February  26,  when  the  following  officers  were 
chosen :  Otis  Barton,  president ;  Joseph  B.  Clark,  clerk  ; 
Ebenezer  Clark,  treasurer ;  Joseph  E.  Bennett,  Orison 
Hardy,  George  A.  Barnes,  A.  D.  Burgess,  Peter  S.  Brown, 
C.  W.  Baldwin,  Charles  Brown,  directors.  To  this  society 
the  church  voted,  March  15,  1855,  to  transfer  its  property. 
Joseph  E.  Bennett  was  elected  president  for  1856  and  Jo 
seph  H.  Peabody  was  elected  treasurer.  Mr.  Clark  contin 
ued  clerk  till  1862.  In  1857  Mr.  Bennett  was  succeeded 
as  president  by  Peter  S.  Brown,  and  he  by  Benjamin  Cur 
rier  in  1858,  when  Orison  Hardy  became  treasurer.  The 
latter  was  treasurer  also  in  1860,  Joseph  B.  Clark  holding 
the  office  in  1859  and  1861.  In  the  latter  year  Peter  S. 
Brown  was  elected  president,  being  re-elected  the  next 
year,  when  Daniel  R.  Prescott  was  chosen  clerk,  and  Hen 
ry  R.  Chamberlin  treasurer,  the  latter  holding  his  office 
till  1874. 

In  1863  Joseph  E.  Bennett  was  chosen  president;-  in 
1864,  Justin  Spear  ;  and  in  1865  there  was  no  change.  In 
1866  Orison  Hardy  was  chosen  president,  and  J.  B.  Pres 
cott  clerk.  In  1869  Otis  Barton  succeeded  Mr.  Hardy,  and 
in  1870  Frederick  C.  Dow  took  Mr.  Prescott's  place  as  clerk. 
There  was  no  change  till  1873,  when  Mr.  Hardy  again  be 
came  president.  The  next  year  Mr.  Dow  became  treasurer 
and  Uriah  A.  Carswell  was  chosen  clerk.  Edson  Hill  suc 
ceeded  Mr.  Hardy  as  president  in  1875.  The  following 
have  been  members  of  the  board  of  directors  without  be 
ing  elected  to  any  other  office,  and  so  not  mentioned  above: 


FIRST  FREEWILL  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  147 

E.  B.  Merrill,  Charles  Brown,  John  Paige,  Ephraim  S.  Pea- 
body,  Ruel  Walker,  S.  C.  Merrill.  George  Kimball,  J.  Si 
mons,  Seth  J.  Sanborn,  Isaac  Sanborn,  James  Baldwin,  Dp 

F.  Smith,  John  Hamilton,  Cyrus  Puffer,  Lewis  W.  Clark, 
S.  P.  Duntley,  Hiram   Simpson,  James  K.  Taylor,  Storer 
Nason,  James  A.  H.  Grout,  Jeremiah  L.  Fogg,  J.  Irving 
Whittemore,  William  H.  Wilson,  Francis  A.  Hawley,  Sam 
uel  Martin,  Henry  H.  Huse. 

July  5,  1870,  the  society  voted  to  repair  its  meeting 
house  at  an  expense  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  three 
days  later  it  was  burned,  being  consumed  by  the  great  fire 
of  Friday  morning,  July  8,  1870.  The  next  day  a  meeting 
was  held  in  the  common-council  room  in  the  city  hall  and 
a  committee  appointed  to  devise  plans  for  future  action. 
Services  were  first  held  in  Music  hall  (then  the  Elm-street 
Universalist  society's  meeting-house)  and  afterwards  in 
Smyth's  hall.  Meanwhile,  in  accordance  witli  a  plan  which 
had  been  proposed  and  adopted  by  the  society,  a  new 
church  was  being  built  on  the  corner  of  Union  and  Con 
cord  streets,  which  was  dedicated  April  30,  1873,  the  soci- 
iety  having  previously  held  services  in  the  vestry,  which 
was  first  completed.  The  value  of  the  church  and  land  is 
set  at  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 

FIRST    FREEWILL   BAPTIST    CHURCH. 

Members  of  the  Freewill  Baptist  denomination  began 
holding  meetings  in  Manchester  in  a  school-house  the  last 
of  the  year  1838.  Elder  Lemuel  Whiting  came  from  Low 
ell  once  a  fortnight  and  preached  for  several  months.  The 
Rev.  John  L.  Sinclair  came  to  this  city  in  September  of  the 
next  year  and  from  his  coming  dated  definite  action.  Tim 
othy  Foss,  Winthrop  James,  Nehemiah  Chase  and  others 
met  at  the  house  of  Winthrop  James,  September  9,  1839, 
to  consider  the  subject  of  forming  a  Freewill  Baptist- so- 


148  MANCHESTER. 

ciety  and  building  a  meeting-house.  Timothy  Foss  was 
chosen  moderator,  and  Smiley  Gordon  clerk.  A  commit 
tee  was  chosen  to  take  the  matter  into  consideration,  and, 
September  13,  a  constitution  was  adopted  and  the  society 
was  organized  as  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  Society  in  Man 
chester,  and  the  first  officers  were  chosen  October  7,  as 
follows  :  Timothy  Foss,  president ;  Nehemiah  Chase,  vice- 
president  ;  Smiley  Gordon,  clerk  and  treasurer ;  Ezra  T. 
Rumery,  David  Ricker,  Leonard  Jackson,  Henry  D.  Colby, 
Samuel  A.  Simpson,  Francis  H.  Watson,  Winthrop  James, 
directors.  Soon  afterwards  a  few  members  of  the  society 
built*  a  small  hall  on  Concord  street  to  rent  to  the  society 
for  a  house  of  worship,  and  the  latter  used  it  as  such  till 
increasing  numbers  and  strength  encouraged  them  to  build 
a  meeting-house  for  themselves.  In  January,  1842,  the 
Amoskeag  Company  gave  them  a  lot  of  land  on  the  north 
east  corner  of  Chestnut  and  Merrimack  streets,  and  in  the 
same  year  they  built  upon  it  the  church  which  now  stands 
there  and  forsook  their  first  meeting-place,  which  has  since 
been  occupied  by  various  societies,  and,  having  been  re 
moved  to  Central  street  is  now  used  for  a  store.  In  1840 
the  society  elected  the  following  officers :  president,  Leon 
ard  Jackson ;  vice-president,  Daniel  Haines ;  clerk  and  treas 
urer,  Smiley  Gordon;  directors,  Jerome  B.  Rumery,  David 
Ricker,  Jehoah  Tuttle,  Timothy  Foss,  Ezra  T.  Rumery, 
Samuel  A.  Simpson,  Nehemiah  Colby. 

January  11,  1841,  Smiley  Gordon  resigned  as  clerk  and 
treasurer  and  the  Rev.  John  L.  Sinclair,  the  pastor,  was 
chosen  to  fill  the  place.  March  31,  1841,  members  of  the 
society  met  and  formed  a  legally  incorporated  society  un 
der  the  same  name.  They  adopted  a  new  constitution  April 
19  and  chose,  as  president,  Leonard  Jackson  ;  vice  presi 
dent,  Albert  B.  Chamberlin  ;  secretary,  John  L.  Sinclair ; 
treasurer,  Jerome  B.  Rumery  ;  prudential  committee,  Dan 
iel  Haines,  David  Ricker,  Francis  H.  Watson.  The  first 


FIRST  FREEWILL  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  149 

annual  election  under  the  new  constitution  was  held  in  De 
cember  of  that  year,  when  Leonard  Jackson  was  re-elected 
president,  continuing  to  hold  that  office  till  1848  ;  ^ib- 
erty  Raymond  was  chosen  vice-president ;  A.  B.  Chamber- 
lin,  clerk  and  treasurer ;  Alpha  Currier,  Henry  D.  Colby, 
Ebenezer  P.  Sawin,  prudential  committee.  The  next  year 
Jerome  B.  Rumery  was  chosen  vice-president,  and  Daniel 
Haines,  Stevens  James  and  Timothy  Foss,  prudential  com 
mittee.  In  April,  1843,  Joseph  L.  Ames  was  chosen  clerk 
and  treasurer.  At  the  election  in  December,  1843,  Daniel 
Haines  was  chosen  vice-president ;  Henry  D.  Colby,  treas 
urer  ;  Edson  Hill,  Jeremiah  Wheeler  and  Daniel  Haines, 
prudential  committee.  In  1844  Joseph  Knowlton  was 
elected  treasurer,  and  Leonard  Jackson,  Stevens  James 
and  Liberty  Raymond,  prudential  committee.  In  1845 
Jeremiah  B.  Hoitt  was  elected  secretary;  John  S.  Folsom, 
treasurer  ;  John  S.  Folsom,  Joseph  D.  Emerson,  Andrew  J. 
Butterfield,  prudential  committee.  In  1846  Hiram  W.  Sa 
vory  succeeded  Mr.  Folsom  as  treasurer,  while  Andrew  J. 
Butterfield,  Samuel  Page  and  Joseph  Fogg  were  chosen 
prudential  committee.  In  1847  the  offices  of  secretary  and 
treasurer  were  combined  in  Jeremiah  B.  Hoitt,  and  the 
prudential  committee  consisted  of  Daniel  Haines,  Osgood 
Paige  and  Jonathan  Smith. 

In  1848  Samuel  Gould  became  president;  Hiram  W.  Sa 
vory,  vice-president;  J.  B.  Hoitt,  secretary ;  Daniel  Haines, 
treasurer ;  Liberty  Raymond,  H.  W.  Savory,  Osgood  Paige, 
prudential  committee.  In  1849  H.  W.  Savory  was  chosen 
president ;  L.  P.  Ware,  vice-president ;  J.  B.  Hoitt,  secre 
tary  and  treasurer ;  John  S.  Folsom,  David  Ricker  and  Ste 
vens  James,  prudential  committee.  In  1850  J.  S.  Harri- 
inan  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Hoitt  as  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  Daniel  Haines,  Liberty  Raymond  and  Ste 
vens  James  were  chosen  prudential  committee.  In  1851 
Samuel  Gould  was  elected  president ;  H.  W.  Savory,  vice- 


150  MANCHESTER. 

president;  J.  S,  Harriman,  secretary;  Liberty  Raymond, 
treasurer;  John  S.  Folsom,  Samuel  Gould,  James  M.  Berry, 
prudential  committee.  In  1852  these  were  re-elected,  and 
in  1853  Justin  Spear  succeeded  Mr.  Harriman  as  secretary, 
and  James  M.  Bean  was  chosen  to  take  Mr.  Raymond's 
office.  In  1854  John  W.  Severance  was  chosen  president  ; 
William  B.  Dana,  vice-president;  S.  P.  Chase,  secretary; 
James  M.  Bean,  treasurer  ;  H.  W.  Savory,  Justin  Spear, 
Jonathan  Horn,  prudential  committee.  In  April  of  the 
next  year  Samuel  Gould  succeeded  Mr.  Chase  as  secretary. 
The  annual  meeting,  which  had  hitherto  been  held  in  De 
cember,  was  now  held  in  January  and  the  officers  for  1856 
were  :  president,  John  W.  Severance  ;  vice-president,  W. 
B.  Dana ;  secretary,  Silas  Hamilton  ;  treasurer,  Jefferson 
Knowles ;  prudential  committee,  James  M.  Bean,  John  S. 
Folsom,  W.  B.  Dana.  These  were  re-elected  the  next  year. 
In  1858  W.  B.  Dana  was  chosen  president,  and  J.  S.  Harri 
man,  vice  president,  George  W.  Quinby  succeeding  Mr. 
Folsom  as  a  member  of  the  prudential  committee.  H.  W. 
Savory  was  elected  to  the  office  of  treasurer  in  April.  The 
last  election  was  held  in  1859,  when  Jacob  Clark  was  chosen 
president ;  J.  B.  Daniels,  vice-president ;  Jacob  Clark,  M. 
E.  George,  A.  J.  Butterfield,  prudential  committee. 

November  14,  1839,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  hall  of 
the  Freewill  Baptist  society  by  those  who  were  interested  in 
forming  a  church,  the  Rev.  John  L.  Sinclair  presiding.  A 
committee,  consisting  of  John  L.  Sinclair,  Leonard  Jack 
son  and  Nehemiah  Chase,  was  chosen  to  report  articles  of 
faith.  Another  meeting  was  held  two  days  later,  when  a 
covenant  was  adopted,  the  church  was  organized  and  the 
Rev.  John  L.  Sinclair  was  chosen  its  first  pastor.  He  was 
dismissed,  March  4,  1843,  and  the  Rev.  Daniel  P.  Cilley 
was  chosen  in  his  place.  After  a  pastorate  of  seven  years 
he  resigned,  April  1,  1850,  and  the  Rev.  Joseph  B.  Davis 
succeeded  him.  He  left  in  September,  1855,  and  the  Rev. 


FIRST  FREEWILL  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  151 

F.  W.  Straight  was  chosen  pastor  on  the  first  of  December 
of  that  year.  Mr.  Straight  left  in  the  summer  or  fall  of 
1857,  after  which  H.  F.  Snow  supplied  the  pulpit  till  June 
10,  1858,  when  he  was  ordained.  The  Rev.  J.  M.  Bailey 
began  his  labors  March  31,  1859,  and  continued  with  the 
church  till  the  separation  in  the  fall,  mentioned  below,  be 
coming  pastor  of  the  Pine-street  church  in  December. 

The  first  clerk  of  the  church  was  David  Ricker,  who  was 
succeeded  in  1840  by  Leonard  Jackson.  Neither  of  them 
performed  the  duties  of  the  office,  and  the  Rev.  John  L.  Sin 
clair,  who  had  kept  the  records  from  the  first,  was  chosen 
clerk  in  1842.  He  was  succeeded  in  January,  1843,  by  J. 
B.  Rumery,  who  served  till  1845,  when  Daniel  Haines,  who 
had  been  made  treasurer  the  year  before,  was  chosen  clerk. 
In  1849  Hiram  W.  Savory  was  elected  clerk  and  treasurer, 
being  succeeded  by  Joseph  C.  Dyer  in  May,  1855,  who  re 
tained  the  office  till  September,  when  Charles  W.  Eaton 
was  chosen.  In  1856  Samuel  Gould  succeeded  him,  and 
in  1857  George  S.  Holmes  was  chosen,  who  kept  the  rec 
ords  up  to  the  dissolution  of  the  church.  Timothy  Foss 
and  Daniel  Haines  were  chosen  deacons,  October  2,  1840  ; 
Osgood  Paige,  May  25,  1844  ;  Samuel  Lougee,  Charles  F. 
Stanton  and  Moses  S.  Boy n ton,  March  10,1849;  Samuel 
Gould,  Liberty  Raymond  and  Hiram  W.  Savory,  January 
11, 1854  ;  J.  W.  Severance,  September  26, 1855  ;  Jonathan 
J.  Straw,  August  12,  1857. 

The  society,  which  had  become  embarrassed  by  lack  of 
funds,  conveyed  its  property,  January  28,  1859,  to  the 
"  Union  Association,"  an  organization  of  members  of  the 
society,  and  thus  obtained  money  to  discharge  its  obliga 
tions.  This  association  exchanged  in  the  fall  their  meet 
ing-house  for  the  one  then  owned  by  the  First  Unitarian 
society  and  which  stands  on  the  corner  of  Pine  and  Merri- 
mack  streets,  and  the  Freewill  Baptist  society,  which  had 
been  hiring  the  old  house  of  this  association,  voted,  De- 


152  MANCHESTER. 

cember  16, 1859,  to  use  the  one  obtained  of  the  Unitarians. 
This  is  the  last  record  of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society. 
The  church  connected  with  it  voted,  August  27,  1859,  the 
record  asserts,  to  disband,  and  though  the  church  after 
wards  known  as  the  Elm-street,  and  now  as  the  Merri- 
mack-street  Freewill  Baptist  church,  has  proven  that  the 
meeting  at  which  the  church  is  alleged  to  have  been  dis 
solved  was  an  illegal  one  and  has  established  before  the 
Rockingham  Quarterly  Conference,  to  which  it  belongs,  its 
right  to  the  title  of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  Church,  it 
has  never  seen  fit  to  adopt  it  since  it  assumed  a  different 
name.  Trouble  arose  in  the  fall  of  1859  and  a  separation 
took  place,  a  part,  consisting  mostly  of  members  of  the 
church  and  retaining  the  church  records,  going  to  a  church 
on  Elm  street  and  being  organized,  January  11,  1860,  as 
the  Elm-street  Freewill  Baptist  Church,  and  the  rest,  in 
cluding  a  majority  of  the  society  and  keeping  the  society 
records,  moving  to  the  old  Unitarian  chapel  and  being 
formed,  December  21,  1859,  into  the  Pine-street  Freewill 
Baptist  Church.  An  ineffectual  attempt  to  unite  them  was 
made  in  1871. 


The  Methodists  had  been  the  first  to  own  a  meeting 
house  in  the  original  town  of  Manchester,  having  built  one 
in  1829  at  the  original  centre  of  business  and  population. 
And  ten  years  later,  when  the  manufacturing  industries 
had  made  the  town  anew  and  moved  the  point  around 
which  the  city  was  to  crystallize  westward  to  the  river, 
the  Methodists  were  on  the  spot  and  were  supporting  occa 
sional  preaching.  At  length  the  Second  Methodist  Episco 
pal  Church  was  organized,  December  16,  1839,  and  in  June 
of  the  next  year  the  Rev.  John  Jones  was  appointed  pas 
tor.  In  that  year  they  built  a  chapel  on  the  corner  of  Han- 


ST.  PAUL'S  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.        153 

over  and  Chestnut  streets,  where  the  residence  of  the  Hon. 
Nathan  Parker  now  stands,  and  worshiped  there  till  1843, 
when,  having  outgrown  it,  they  sold  it  to  the  First  Unita 
rian  society,  who  moved  it  to  the  corner  of  Pine  and  Mer- 
rimack  streets.  To  take  its  place  they  built  the  brick 
church  on  Elm  street,  between  Market  and  Merrimack, 
which  afterwards  passed  out  of  their  hands,  they  retaining 
a  lease  of  the  property.  Upon  their  removal  to  Elm  street, 
they  assumed  the  name  of  the  Elm-street  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church. 

In  1855  twenty-three  members  left  it  and  were  organized 
on  the  nineteenth  of  May  of  that  year  as  the  North  Elm- 
street  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Their  first  pastor  was 
the  Rev.  Elisha  Adams,  who  was  stationed  in  1853  and 
1854  over  the  church  out  of  which  this  was  formed.  He 
remained  but  part  of  one  year  and  the  Rev.  C.  N.  Smith 
filled  out  his  term.  The  latter  was  succeeded  by  the]Rev. 
George  W.  H.  Clark,  who  was  the  pastor  in  1856  and  1857. 
The  next  year  the  Rev.  Charles  Young  was  appointed  and 
continued  through  1858  and  1859.  The  Rev.  George  S. 
Dearborn  was  pastor  in  1860  and  a  part  of  1861,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Owens  filling  out  the  year,  remaining  till  the  union  of 
this  with  the  parent  church  in  1862.  They  held  services 
in  Smyth's  hall  and  the  city  hall. 

"  It  had  long  been  thought,"  writes  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Buck 
ley,  pastor  of  the  Elm-street  church  in  1861,  in  recording 
its  consolidation  with  the  seceding  church,  "  that  a  union  of 
the  two  churches  was  desirable,  and  the  attempt  had  been 
made  to  form  it,  but  from  various  causes  it  had  failed. 
About  the  time  of  the  assembling  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Annual  Conference,  April,  1862,  the  depression  of  business 
in  the  city  and  the  consequent  reduction  in  the  numbers 
and  funds  of  the  societies,  which  was  increased  by  the  de 
parture  of  between  thirty  and  forty  members  of  the  church 

10 


154  MANCHESTER. 

for  the  seat  of  war,  rendered  it  obvious  that  the  time  had 
come  when  the  interests  of  both  societies  would  be  pro 
moted  by  their  consolidation  into  one.  Members  of  both 
churches  assembled  in  the  Elm-street  vestry  on  Monday 
evening,  April  7,  1862,  there  being  present  twenty-one  of 
the  Elm-street  and  eighteen  of  the  North  Elm-street  church. 
The  Rev.  J.  M.  Buckley  of  the  former  church  was  chosen 
chairman,  and  Nathaniel  Herrick  of  the  latter,  secretary. 
A  proposition  was  then  brought  before  the  convention  to 
dissolve  the  present  organization  and  form  out  of  the  whole 
number  of  members  of  both  churches  a  new  church  and 
society  upon  an  equal  basis.  This  proposition,  being  placed 
in  the  form  of  a  resolution,  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  thirty- 
nine,  which  included  the  entire  delegation  of  both  churches 
present." 

The  Rev.  Osmon  C.  Baker,  then  bishop,  recognized  the 
union  at  the  Conference  then  in  session  at  Sanbornton 
Bridge,  named  the  new  organization  St.  Paul's  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Manchester,  stationed  over  it  the  Rev. 
J.  M.  Buckley,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  James 
Pike,  then  presiding  elder  of  the  district,  appointed  the 
following  trustees  to  manage  the  affairs  of  the  church : 
Nathaniel  Herrick,  Waldo  Whitney,  Benjamin  H.  Piper, 
James  Mitchell,  jr.,  Hilas  Dickey,  Levi  H.  Sleeper,  E.  W. 
Copp,  Artemas  Jackson,  E.  W.  Bartlett.  To  these  trustees 
was  conveyed  the  property  of  the  Elm-street  church.  The 
present  church  has  a  membership  of  four  hundred  and 
thirty,  and  the  Sunday-school  connected  with  it  numbers 
five  hundred  and  seventy-five.  Of  the  latter  Joseph  A. 
Foster  is  superintendent,  and  R.  M.  Couch  assistant  super 
intendent. 


GRACE  CHURCH.  155 

The  following  have  been  the  pastors  of  the  church  from 
its  formation  as  the  Second  church  to  the  present  time  : 

1840.  John  Jones.  1853-4.  Elisha  Adams. 

1841.  Silas  Greene.  1855-6.  Henry  H.  Hartwell. 

1842.  Elihu  Scott.  1857.  Richard  S.  Rust. 
1843-4.  James  W.  Morey.  1858-9.  Henry  Hill. 
1845.  Osmon  C.  Baker.  1860.  John 'Currier. 
1846-7.  John  Jones.  1861-2.  James  M.  Buckley. 

1848.  Samuel  Kelly.  1863-4.      Jonathan  Hall. 

1849.  Lorenzo  D.  Barrows.  1865-6.      William  H.  Thomas. 

1850.  Charles  N.  Smith.  1867.          Hiram  L.  Kelsey. 

1851.  Silas  Quimby.  1868-9.      Daniel  C.  Babcock. 

1852.  Justin  Spaldinsf.  1870-1-2.  E.  A.  Smith. 

1873-4.  James  Pike. 

GRACE   CHURCH. 


In  June,  1841,  a  desire  having  been  expressed  to  the 
diocese  of  New  Hampshire  that  Episcopal  services  might 
be  held  in  Manchester,  the  Rev.  P.  S.  Ten  Broeck  of  St. 
Paul's  church,  Concord,  performed  services  in  the  old  high- 
school-house  on  Lowell  street  on  the  second  Sunday  of  the 
following  July.  These  services  were  followed  during  that 
month  and  the  next  by  others  held  in  the  same  place  and 
conducted  by  the  Rev.  Theodore  Edson  of  Lowell,  Mass. 

The  first  meeting  with  reference  to  a  church  was  held 
July  19,  at  the  residence  of  William  A.  Burke,  when  a 
committee,  consisting  of  John  A.  Burnham,  William  A. 
Burke,  Henry  C.  Gillis,  B.  F.  Hathorne  and  Samuel  P. 
Greeley,  was  appointed  to  take  the  matter  into  considera 
tion.  They  subsequently  made  a  report  which  was  unfavor 
able  to  immediate  action.  After  July  there  were  no  ser 
vices  till  the  third  of  October,  when  they  were  resumed  in 
a  room  called  "Chapel  hall,"  in  Union  building  on  the 
southern  corner  of  Elm  and  Market  streets.  The  Rev. 
Edward  Livermore  was  the  first  to  officiate,  being  followed 
in  October  and  November  by  the  Rev.  Moses  B.  Chase  of 
Hopkinton,  the  Rev.  A.  McCoy  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  the  Rev. 


156  MANCHESTER. 

Theodore  W.  Snow  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  and  the  Rev.  Fer 
dinand  Putnam  of  Methuen,  Mass.  Near  the  close  of  No 
vember  the  Rev.  William  H.  Moore  of  New  York  city,  a 
recent  graduate  of  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  vis 
ited  Manchester  by  invitation  and  officiated  on  the  twenty- 
eighth  in  the  hall  in  Union  building.  The  attendance  be 
ing  encouraging,  an  invitation  was  extended  to  all  who 
wished  to  form  a  church  after  Protestant  Episcopal  usage, 
to  meet  the  next  Monday  evening,  November  29,  1841,  at 
the  same  place.  A  number  of  gentlemen  met  at  that  time, 
organized  a  church  to  be  known  as  St.  Michael's,  and  elected 
the  following  officers :  William  A.  Burke,  senior  warden  ; 
John  S.  T.  Gushing,  junior  warden  ;  J.  Appleton  Burnham, 
Oliver  W.  Bayley,  Robert  Read,  Henry  C.  Gillis,  vestry 
men  ;  Samuel  F.  Wetmore,  secretary.  Robert  Read  subse 
quently  declined  to  serve,  and  Samuel  P.  Greeley  was 
chosen  in  his  stead.  The  gentlemen  present  at  the  meet 
ing  were  the  Rev.  William  H.  Moore,  J.  Appleton  Burn- 
ham,  William  A.  Burke,  John  S.  T.  Gushing,  Henry  C.  Gil 
lis,  Samuel  P.  Greeley,  Samuel  F.  Wetmore,  Daniel  Sav 
age,  Charles  D.  Horr,  John  M.  FJyland.  A  constitution  and 
by-laws  were  subsequently  adopted. 

At  the  annual  meeting  at  Easter  in  1842,  Daniel  Savage 
was  elected  one  of  the  vestry  in  place  of  Mr.  Gillis.  The 
next  year  Mr.  Greeley  was  succeeded  by  Samuel  F.  Wet- 
more  and  William  B.  Webster  was  chosen  secretary  in  Mr. 
Wetmore's  place.  In  1844  Joshua  M.  House  and  George 
T.  Clark  were  elected  vestrymen  to  succeed  Messrs.  Sav 
age  and  Wetmore.  In  1845  John  S.  T.  Gushing  and  Sam 
uel  F.  Wetmore  were  elected  wardens ;  John  A.  Burnham, 
Oliver  W.  Bayley,  George  T.  Clark  and  Thomas  R.  Crosby, 
vestrymen.  In  1846  Mr.  Wetmore  was  succeeded  by  T. 
Wiggin  Little,  and  in  1847  Mr.  Clark  by  Thomas  Hoyt. 
In  October,  1847,  Mr.  Burnham  resigned  and  S.  L.  Wilson 
was  chosen  in  his  stead.  In  1848  Oliver  W.  Bayley  and 


GRACE  CHURCH.  157 

Charles  T.  Durgin  were  elected  wardens  ;  Thomas  R.  Cros 
by,  S.  L.  Wilson,  William  A.  Putney  and  Thomas  D.  Brad 
ley,  vestrymen.  In  October  James  Collins  was  chosen  to 
take  Mr.  Bradley's  place. 

In  1849  John  S.  T.  Cashing  and  David  Ames  were 
elected  wardens ;  Oliver  W.  Bayley,  James  Collins,  Caleb 
Duxbury  and  T.  Wiggin  Little,  vestrymen.  These  were 
re-elected  at  the  annual  meeting  of  1850,  but  in  November 
Mr.  dishing  was  succeeded  by  S.  L.  Wilson.  In  1851 
Davis  Baker  was  elected  a  warden  to  succeed  Mr.  Ames, 
and  Charles  T.  Durgin  was  chosen  a  vestryman  to  succeed 
Mr.  Collins.  These  continued  in  office  through  the  next 
three  years,  except  that  Mr.  Baker  was  succeeded  in  1853 
by  William  Langford,  and  Mr.  Wilson  in  1854  by  R.  H. 
French.  Joel  Taylor  took  the  latter's  place  the  next  year, 
and  Mr.  Langford  resigning  soon  after,  William  C.  Young 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In  1856  Justus  D.  Watson 
succeeded  Mr.  Duxbury  and  George  L.  Andrews  was  chosen 
secretary,  the  latter  being  also  chosen  warden  the  next  year 
in  Mr.  Young's  stead. 

In  1858  Mace  Moulton  and  Justus  D.  Watson  were 
elected  wardens ;  Thomas  Hoyt,  T.  Wiggin  Little,  Davis 
Baker,  Joel  Taylor,  Andrew  G.  Tucker  and  Charles  Wells, 
vestrymen;  Justus  D.  Watson,  secretary.  In  1859  Mr. 
Little  was  elected  warden  to  succeed  Mr.  Moulton,  and 
William  B.  Webster  and  George  A.  French  took  the  place 
of  Messrs.  Little  and  Taylor  in  the  vestry.  These  were 
re-elected  in  1860  and  George  A.  French  was  chosen  sec 
retary  in  place  of  Mr.  Watson.  There  is  no  record  of  an 
election  in  1861. 

By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  passed  at  the  June  session  of 
1861  and  accepted  by  the  parish  June  2, 1862,  the  name  of 
"  St.  Michael's  "  was  exchanged  for  "  Grace,"  and  the  lat 
ter's  records  begin  in  1862,  when  Joel  Taylor  and  James 
E.  Pollard  were  elected  wardens  ;  William  B.  Webster, 


158  MANCHESTER. 

Thomas  Hoyt,  Justus  D.  Watson,  J.  B.  Bradley,  vestry 
men  ;  T.  W.  Little,  clerk.  In  1863  William  B.  Webster 
succeeded  Mr.  Pollard  as  warden  and  John  Truesdale  and 

A.  A.  Dunk  took  the  places  of  Messrs.  Webster  and  Hoyt 
among  the  vestrymen.    In  1864  Messrs.  Watson  and  Brad 
ley  were  succeeded  as  vestrymen  by  James  McEvoy  and  G. 
W.  Stratton,  and  Horatio  Fradd  was  chosen  clerk.     There 
was  no  change  in  1865,  and  in  1866  L.  B.  How  was  elected 
warden  to  succeed  Mr.  Webster. 

In  1867  John  Cayzer  was  chosen  warden  in  place  of  Mr. 
How  ;  John  Truesdale,  Benjamin  F.  Martin,  William  L. 
Killey,  J.  B.  Bradley  and  George  A.  French  were  chosen 
vestrymen ;  and  Horatio  Fradd  continued  as  clerk.  In 
1868  the  places  of  Messrs.  Killey  and  Bradley  in  the  vestry 
were  filled  by  the  election  of  James  M.  Varnum  and  D.  P. 
Hadley.  In  1869  William  B.  Webster  was  chosen  to  suc 
ceed  Joel  Taylor  as  warden  and  there  has  since  been  no 
change  in  that  office ;  Lucien  B.  Clough  was  chosen  a 
vestryman  to  succeed  Mr.  Truesdale.  In  1870  Martin  Y. 

B.  Edgerly  took  Mr.  Yarnum's  place  in  the  vestry  and 
Charles  H.  Hill  was  chosen  clerk.     There  was  no  change 
in  1871.     In  1872  Charles  Wells  was  elected  a  vestryman 
in  place  of  Mr.  Clough.  the  latter  being  chosen  clerk  the 
next  year  and  Mr.  Wells  being  then  succeeded  by  A.  H. 
Sanborn,  all  the  officers  being  re-elected  in  1874. 

A  house  on  Concord  street  which  had  been  built  and 
used  by  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society  was  hired  and 
fitted  becomingly,  and  the  congregation  removed  thither  in 
June,  1842.  There  they  remained  till  they  outgrew  the 
place  and  an  effort  was  made  to  build  a  church.  By  the 
exertions  of  the  congregation,  donations  from  abroad  and 
the  gift  of  a  lot  of  land  from  the  Amoskeag  Company,  sit 
uated  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Lowell  and  Pine  streets, 
this  purpose  was  accomplished,  and  the  new  church  was 
consecrated  December  28,  1843,  by  the  Right  Reverend 


FIRST  UNITARIAN  CHURCH.  159 

Mauton  Eastburn  of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts.  This 
house  was  of  wood  and  was  displaced  by  the  present  one  of 
stone,  which  was  consecrated  December  4,  1860.  The  old 
one  was  cut  in  two  and  moved,  one  half  to  the  south  side 
of  Merrimack  street,  between  Beech  and  Maple,  where  it 
now  stands,  and  the  other  half  to  Hanover  street,  to  be 
burned  in  the  fire  of  1870.  The  real  estate,  including  the 
parsonage,  is  valued  at  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  system 
of  free  seats  was  adopted  at  Easter,  1864. 

The  first  rector  was  the  Rev.  William  H.  Moore,  who  en 
tered  upon  his  duties  December  25, 1840.  Want  of  health 
compelled  his  resignation,  April  23,  1848,  and  he  was  suc 
ceeded,  June  18,  1848,  by  the  Rev.  John  Kelly,  a  gradu 
ate  of  Trinity  college,  Hartford,  Conn.,  who  remained  till 
April  1,  1852.  The  Rev.  I.  G.  Hubbard,  the  next  incum 
bent,  took  charge  of  the  parish  May  16,  1852,  but  he  was 
forced  to  resign  at  Easter,  1866,  by  physical  infirmity. 
During  his  rectorship  the  parsonage,  on  the  northeast  cor 
ner  of  Pine  and  Orange  streets,  was  built.  He  was  suc 
ceeded,  June  3,  1866,  by  the  Rev.  William  J.  Harris,  who 
remained  till  January  1, 1869,  being  followed  in  November 
of  that  year  by  the  present  rector,  the  Rev.  Lorenzo  Sears. 
The  church  has  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  forty, 
and  the  Sunday-school  connected  with  it,  of  which  the  rec 
tor  is  the  superintendent,  has  a  hundred  members. 

FIRST   UNITARIAN    CHURCH. 

The  first  preaching  in  this  city  of  the  doctrine  belonging 
to  the  Unitarian  faith  was  given  in  March,  1841,  by  the 
Rev.  S.  Osgood,  then  of  Nashua,  when  a  considerable  num 
ber  of  persons  united  in  a  subscription  for  the  support  of 
religious  services,  which  were  continued  about  four  months. 
On  account  of  the  unfavorable  situation  of  the  rooms  which 
were  obtained  for  services,  it  was  thought  best  to  suspend 


160  MANCHESTER. 

them  till  the  town  hall  was  finished,  and  then,  in  March, 
1842,  they  were  resumed.  The  Eev.  Charles  Briggs,  the 
agent  of  the  American  Unitarian  Association,  preached  the 
first  Sunday  and  the  Rev.  Oliver  H.  Wellington  continued 
services  through  the  month  of  April. 

"April  24, 1842,  at  a  meeting  of  those  persons  who  were 
interested  in  the  support  of  Unitarian  preaching  in  the 
town  of  Manchester,  held  at  the  house  of  William  Shep 
herd,  John  D.  Kimball  was  chosen  chairman  and  E.  A. 
Straw,  secretary.  There  were  also  present  James  May,  M. 
G.  J.  Tewksbury,  William  Shepherd,  James  McKeen  Wil- 
kins,  H.  F.  Richardson,  B.  F.  Osgood,  Edwin  Bodwell, 
Herman  Foster  and  J.  H.  Kimball."  E.  A.  Straw  and 
Daniel  Clark  were  chosen  a  committee  to  draft  a  constitu 
tion  and  by-laws,  which  were  adopted  at  a  meeting  held  on 
the  twenty -seventh  of  April,  when  E.  A.  Straw  was  chosen 
clerk  and  treasurer  of  the  society.  May  1,  J.  D.  Kimball 
was  chosen  president,  and  William  Shepherd  and  B.  F.  Man 
ning,  directors.  These  continued  in  office  till  1847,  except 
that  Mr.  Straw  was  succeeded  as  clerk  and  treasurer,  No 
vember  11, 1844,  by  Isaiah  Winch,  and  he,  March  22, 1845, 
by  Charles  F.  Warren. 

In  1847  Richard  H.  Ayer  was  elected  president;  Wil 
liam  Shepherd  and  George  Hall,  directors ;  and  A.  G. 
Tucker,  clerk  and  treasurer.  The  latter  was  succeeded 
the  next  year  by  F.  A.  Hussey ;  in  1849  Luther  Farley 
took  Mr.  Hall's  place  as  a  director  ;  and  B.  F.  Manning 
was  chosen,  September  9,  1849,  clerk  and  treasurer.  In 
1850  Daniel  Clark  was  chosen  president ;  William  Shep 
herd  and  Samuel  H.  Price,  directors ;  F.  A.  Hussey,  clerk 
and  treasurer.  Messrs.  Shepherd  and  Price  were  succeeded 
the  next  year  by  John  H.  Moore  and  Frank  A.  Brown,  and 
Mr.  Hussey  by  Charles  L.  Richardson.  E.  A.  Straw  be 
came  president  in  1853  ;  Daniel  Clark  became  a  director 
in  1854  in  place  of  Mr.  Brown ;  in  1855  Samuel  P.  Jack- 


FIRST  UNITARIAN  CHURCH.  161 

son  succeeded  to  Mr.  Moore's  place,  himself  being  followed 
in  October  by  F.  A.  Brown. 

In  1857  A.  W.  Sargent  was  elected  president ;  Daniel 
Clark  and  F.  A.  Brown,  directors ;  A.  P.  Gilson,  clerk  and 
treasurer.  In  1858  F.  A.  Brown  became  president,  and 
Charles  F.  Warren  and  Charles  L.  Richardson,  directors. 
In  1859  Moody  Currier  was  elected  president,  and  William 
A.  Webster,  clerk  and  treasurer.  The  next  year  J.  B. 
Chase  and  R.  N.  Batchelder  were  added  to  the  board  of 
directors.  In  1861  Samuel  Webber  became  president ; 
John  Hosley  ,and  George  W.  Thayer  succeeded  Messrs. 
Warren  and  Richardson  as  directors ;  and  Isaac  W.  Far 
mer  was  elected  clerk  and  treasurer.  In  1862  Edwin  P. 
Richardson  and  Moses  W.  Oliver  were  chosen  directors  in 
place  of  Messrs.  Chase  and  Batchelder.  In  1863  Herman 
Foster  was  elected  president ;  Moses  W.  Oliver,  Moody 
Currier,  George  G.  Shute  and  Emil  Custer,  directors.  The 
next  year  David  B.  Varney  was  chosen  a  director  to  suc 
ceed  Mr.  Shute,  and  James  B.  Straw,  clerk  and  treasurer, 
to  succeed  Mr.  Farmer.  In  1865  Moody  Currier  became 
president,  and  Thomas  R.  Hubbard  and  John  Brugger  took 
the  place  of  Messrs.  Currier  and  Custer  as  directors. 

In  1866  John  L.  Kelly  was  elected  president ;  Alfred  F. 
Perry,  Horatio  H.  Ladd,  George  W.  Weeks  and  Noah  S. 
Clark,  directors ;  and  the  next  year  Mr.  Straw  was  suc 
ceeded  as  clerk  and  treasurer  by  Horace  M.  Gillis.  In 
1868  Albert  Mallard  became  president ;  George  B.  Chand 
ler,  J.  M.  Howe,  Person  C.  Cheney  and  Henry  A.  Farring- 
ton,  directors ;  and  George  W.  Weeks  was  chosen  clerk 
and  treasurer  the  next  year.  In  1870  Clinton  W.  Stanley 
was  elected  president;  David  B.  Yarn  ey,  Nathaniel  W.  Cum- 
ner,  Abraham  P.  Olzendam  and  E.  M.  Tubbs,  directors  ; 
and  in  1871  Charles  L.  Richardson  became  clerk  and  treas 
urer.  There  was  no  change  in  1872,  but  in  1873  Person 
C.  Cheney  was  chosen  president ;  William  Perkins,  George 


162  MANCHESTER. 

F.  Judkins,  John  M.  Chandler  and  John  Gillis,  directors ; 
Henry  A.  Farrington,  clerk  and  treasurer.  In  1874  George 
W.  Weeks  was  elected  president ;  Emil  Ouster,  John  M. 
Chandler,  Joseph  L.  Stevens  and  George  H.  True,  direct 
ors  ;  Henry  A.  Farrington,  clerk  and  treasurer.  These 
were  re-elected  in  1875. 

On  the  afternoon  of  July  19,  1842,  the  day  on  which  the 
first  pastor,  Mr.  Wellington,  was  ordained,  "  according  to 
appointment  a  discourse  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  William 
H.  Channing  of  Nashua,  before  an  assembly  met  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  a  church.  After  the  discourse,  the 
covenant  agreed  upon  and  the  names  of  those  who  had 
signed  it  was  read  and  a  declaration  made  that  by  this  act 
of  faith  a  new  branch  of  the  church  of  Christ  was  now 
planted.  The  members  of  the  church  from  this  and  other 
societies  then  partook  of  the  Lord's  Supper."  The  names 
of  the  signers  of  the  covenant  are  these :  Benjamin  F.  Os- 
good,  S.  Manning,  Esther  Parker,  Melinda  Osgood,  Mehit- 
able  Eastman,  Oliver  H.  Wellington,  C.  A.  K.  Wellington, 
Susan  Manning,  John  Caldwell  and  H.  M.  A.  Foster.  The 
pastors  acted  as  clerks  of  the  church.  September  26, 1852, 
during  Mr.  Fuller's  ministry,  A.  W.  Sargent  and  Thomas 
Ordway  were  chosen  deacons,  and  Charles  Aldrich  and 
Isaac  W.  Farmer  were  subsequently  elected  to  that  office. 

The  first  pastor  of  the  society  was  Oliver  H.  Wellington, 
who  was  ordained  July  19,  1842,  by  a  council  which  met  at 
the  Manchester  House.  The  pastors  of  all  the  churches 
in  the  city  were  invited  to  be  present  and  assist  in  the  ser 
vices,  but  all  of  them,  except  the  pastor  of  the  Universalist 
church,  declined.  Mr.  Wellington's  labors  with  the  soci 
ety  ceased  April  1,  1844,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  A.  Dumont  Jones,  who  was  installed  July  10,  1844, 
his  connection  with  the  parisli  ceasing  at  the  end  of  March, 
1845.  "  At  the  close  of  Mr.  Jones's  ministry  the  society 
found  itself  enfeebled  and  remained  destitute  of  a  pastor, 


FIRST  UNITARIAN  CHURCH.  163 

its  pulpit,  however,  being  generally  supplied  by  various 
clergymen.  For  some  eight  or  ten  Sundays  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Gage,  formerly  of  Nashua,  preached  to  good  acceptance. 
Mr.  Edward  Capen  was  likewise  engaged  subsequently  for 
an  equal  length  of  time,  but  this  was  the  nearest  approach 
to  a  permanent  ministry  till  the  latter  part  of  December, 
1846,  when  the  Rev.  M.  I.  Motte,  formerly  of  Boston,  was 
engaged  to  preach  for  one  year.  *  *  *  *  While 
the  city,  however,  had  increased  to  a  population  of  fourteen 
thousand  in  the  brief  period  since  its  founding,  it  being 
only  nine  years  since  one  house  alone  could  be  found  in 
the  place,  yet  the  society  had  not  increased,  but  was  found 
feeble  and  in  debt  at  the  close  of  Mr.  Motte's  engagem'ent. 
A  motion  was  made  to  dissolve  the  society,  which  was, 
however,  negatived  and  it  was  resolved  that  another  effort 
should  be  made."  Arthur  B.  Fuller,  a  brother  of  the  cel 
ebrated  Margaret  Fuller,  the  Countess  D'Ossoli,  then  a  re 
cent  graduate  of  the  divinity  school,  accepted  a  call  and 
was  ordained  March  29,  1848,  remaining  with  the  society 
till  June  1,  1853. 

The  next  pastor  was  the  Rev.  Francis  LeBarron,  who 
took  charge  of  the  society  without  a  formal  installation, 
August,  1853.  His  resignation  was  accepted  October  14, 
1855.  u  At  the  close  of  his  ministry  the  society  was  for 
several  months  without  a  pastor,  unable  to  settle  upon  any 
of  the  many  candidates  they  heard.  The  Sunday-school 
was  reduced  to  one  class,  which  was  taught  through  the 
winter  of  1855-56  by  Miss  Susan  Manning.  Still  preach 
ing  was  maintained  and  the  society  kept  out  of  debt." 

William  L.  Gage  was  ordained  June  25,  1856,  resign 
ing  the  first  Sunday  in  April,  1858,  and  being  succeeded  by 
the  Rev.  Sylvan  S.  Hunting,  who  was  installed  September 
29,  1858,  and  left  about  November,  1861.  A.  W.  Stevens 
was  ordained  November  5,  1862,  and  left  the  society  the 
last  of  October,  1865.  The  Rev.  Augustus  M.  Haskell  was 


164  MANCHESTER. 

his  successor,  being  installed  September  12,  1866,  and  re 
signing  March  30,  1869.  The  Rev.  Charles  B.  Ferry  was 
installed  December  9,  1869,  and  took  his  departure  in  the 
summer  of  1874.  The  Rev.  Henry  Powers  began  his  la 
bors  with  the  society  November  1,  1874,  declining  a  formal 
installation. 

The  society's  first  place  of  worship,  after  it  left  the  city 
hall,  was  a  small  wooden  chapel  built  in  1841  on  the  cor 
ner  of  Hanover  and  Chestnut  streets,  where  Nathan  Par 
ker's  house  now  stands,  by  the  Second  Methodist  Episcopal 
society.  In  1843  when  the  Methodists  built  their  brick 
church  on  Elm  street,  they  leased  this  chapel  to  the  Unita 
rians  at  an  annual  rent  of  six  per  cent,  upon  its  cost,  and 
Mr.  Wellington  first  preached  in  it  July  2,  1843.  That 
month,  however,  the  society  bought  it  and  moved  it  to  a  lot 
on  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Pine  streets,  the  gift  of 
the  Amoskeag  Company,  and  enlarged  it.  During  Mr. 
Fuller's  ministry  the  capacity  of  the  chapel  was  still  far 
ther  increased  and  its  appearance  improved. 

In  1852  the  Hon.  Richard  H.  Ayer  left  the  society  in 
his  will  a  house  on  the  corner  of  Chestnut  and  Central 
streets,  which  was  used  subsequently  for  a  parsonage  and 
sold  in  1864  to  John  Ryan.  About  this  time  a  new  church 
was  talked  of  and  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Bridge 
streets  was  one  of  the  sites  proposed,  but  the  idea  was 
given  up.  In  1859  the  society  exchanged  its  house  for  the 
one  built  by  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society  on  the  corner 
of  Chestnut  and  Merrimack  streets,  then  in  the  hands  of  a 
"Union  Association,"  giving  them  three  thousand  five  hun 
dred  dollars  besides.  This  they  sold  in  1871  to  Col. 
Waterman  Smith,  and  in  1872  they  dedicated  a  new  house 
of  worship  on  the  corner  of  Beech  and  Concord  streets. 
This,  with  the  lot  on  which  it  stands,  is  valued  at  forty 
thousand  dollars.  A  large  congregation  worships  there, 
and  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  George  W.  Weeks  is  su 
perintendent,  has  one  hundred  and  fifty  members. 


FRANKLIN-STREET  CHURCH.  165 

FRANKLIN-STREET  CHURCH. 

After  the  annual  meeting,  April  27,  1844,  $f  the  "  First 
Congregational  society  in  Amoskeag  village,"  by  which 
name  the  First  Congregational  or  Hanover-street  society 
was  still  known,  was  dismissed,  William  G.  Means  called 
to  order  those  who  remained  and  a  resolution  which  de 
clared  the  formation  of  a  second  society  advisable  was  of 
fered  and  discussed.  Another  meeting  was  held  on  the 
third  of  May,  when  a  committee,  consisting  of  the  Rev. 
C.  W.  Wallace,  Asa  0.  Colby,  Abram  Brigham,  Andrew 
Moody  and  William  G.  Means,  which  had  been  appointed 
to  make  farther  inquiries,  reported  in  favor  of  the  plan  and 
the  resolution  of  the  previous  meeting  was  passed.  May  7, 
a  constitution  was  adopted  and  signed  by  sixteen  individu 
als  and  the  Second  Congregational  society  of  Manchester 
was  thus  formed. 

The  first  officers  were :  Josiah  Crosby,  president;  Abram 
Brigham,  clerk  and  treasurer ;  William  C.  Clarke,  Thomas 
Carleton,  Walter  T.  Jaquith,  directors.  These  were  re- 
elected  the  next  year.  In  1846  Joseph  E.  Smith  and 
George  T.  Mixer  succeeded  Messrs.  Carleton  and  Jaquith 
as  directors.  In  1847  the  president  was  David  Brigham ; 
clerk  and  treasurer,  Abram  Brigham  ;  directors,  George 
T.  Mixer,  Aldus  M.  Chapin,  Albe  C.  Heath.  In  1848  Asa 
0.  Colby  became  president,  and  Messrs.  Mixer  and  Heath 
were  succeeded  as  directors  by  David  Gillis  and  William 
W.  Brown.  In  1849  William  C.  Clarke  and  William  Rich 
ardson  were  chosen  directors  in  place  of  Messrs.  Brown 
and  Chapin.  The  next  year  Josiah  Crosby  was  again 
chosen  president  and  the  rest  were  re-elected.  These  con 
tinued  in  office  till  1855  with  hardly  a  change,  Phinehas 
Adams  being  chosen  in  1852  to  succeed  Mr.  Gillis,  and  A. 
M.  Chapin  in  1854  to  take  Mr.  Richardson's  place.  In 
1855  William  W.  Brown  was  made  president ;  William  0. 
Clarke,  David  J.  Clark  and  Reuben  Dodge,  directors. 


166  MANCHESTER. 

The  next  year  Frederick  Smyth  became  president,  Ephra- 
im  Corey  took  Mr.  Clarke's  place  among  the  directors,  and 
Abram  Brigtoam,  who  had  been  clerk  and  treasurer  of  the 
society  from  its  formation,  resigned  and  his  place  was  filled 
by  Albert  H.  Daniels.  In  1857  Isaac  W.  Smith,  Alfred  G. 
Fairbanks  and  Abram  Robertson  were  elected  as  the  board 
of  directors.  In  1858  Josiah  Crosby  was  again  chosen  pres 
ident  ;  the  offices  of  clerk  and  treasurer  were  separated, 
Francis  B.  Eaton  being  chosen  as  the  former  arid  Frederick 
Smyth  as  the  latter ;  and  Albert  H.  Daniels,  David  Gillis 
and  William  C.  Clarke  were  chosen  directors.  The  next 
year  Albert  H.  Daniels  succeeded  Mr.  Smyth  as  treasurer, 
and  John  M.  Harvey  took  Mr.  Daniels's  place  among  the 
directors.  In  1860  George  S.  Neal  was  chosen  a  director 
in  place  of  David  Gillis,  and  there  was  no  change  the  next 
year.  In  1862  Charles  Morrill  and  Samuel  Upton  were 
elected  directors  in  place  of  Messrs.  Harvey  and  Neal,  and 
the  two  next  elections  made  no  change  except  that  Mr.  Dan 
iels  was  succeeded  as  treasurer  by  Isaac  W.  Smith  in  1864. 

In  1865  John  M.  Ordway  was  chosen  president ;  Albert 
H.  Daniels,  clerk;  Isaac  W.  Smith,  treasurer  ;  Samuel  Up 
ton,  A.  M.  Chapin  and  J.  S.  Sanborn,  directors.  In  1866 
Robert  M.  Shirley  succeeded  Mr.  Sanborn  as  director,  and 
in  1867  William  W.  Brown  took  Mr.  Ordway's  place  as 
president.  In  1868  William  W.  Brown  was  president ; 
Daniel  C.  Gould,  jr.,  clerk;  Marshall  P.  Hall,  treasurer; 
Samuel  Upton,  Albert  H.  Daniels  and  George  W.  Dodge, 
directors.  In  1869  William  P.  Newell  and  Alden  W.  San 
born  succeeded  Messrs.  Daniels  and  Dodge  as  directors, 
and  James  A.  Westou  was  chosen  treasurer  and  has  been 
annually  re-elected  since.  In  1870  Isaac  W.  Smith  was 
chosen  president  and  John  M.  Hill  became  a  director  in 
placa  of  Samuel  Upton.  The  next  year  Mr.  Sanborn  was 
succeeded  by  David  Cross,  and  in  1872  John  B.  Clarke  suc 
ceeded  Mr.  Newell,  and  Marshall  P.  Hall  was  chosen  clerk. 


FRANKLIN-STREET  CHURCH.  167 

In  1873  there  was  no  change  and  in  1874  George  W.  Kid 
dle  was  elected  a  director  in  place  of  Mr.  Hill.  The  legis 
lature,  at  the  June  session  of  1859,  passed  an  act  author 
izing  the  society,  which  had  built  some  years  previously  a 
house  of  worship  on  Franklin  street,  to  assume  the  name 
of  the  Franklin-street  society  and  the  society  voted  on  the 
twenty-fifth  of  April  of  the  next  year  to  accept  the  act. 

Their  first  religious  services  were  held  in  the  town  hall 
on  the  first  Sunday  in  June,  1844.  There  they  worshiped 
till  the  burning  of  the  town  house  on  the  twelfth  of  Au 
gust,  when  they  removed  to  a  chapel  on  Concord  street 
which  had  been  first  used  by  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  so 
ciety  and  then  by  St.  Michael's  (now  Grace)  church,  but 
was  at  this  time  vacant.  In  December  they  took  posses 
sion  of  the  hall  in  Patten's  block  and  worshiped  there  till 
the  completion  of  the  new  town  house  in  1845.  This  they 
occupied  till  the  completion  of  their  present  church  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Franklin  and  Market  streets,  which  was 
dedicated  December  22,  1847. 

On  the  twentieth  of  May,  1844,  a  committee  had  been 
appointed  to  consider  the  expediency  of  organizing  a  church 
in  connection  with  this  society,  and  on  the  twenty-seventh 
of  June  the  Second  Congregational  church  was  formed  by  a 
council  which  met  at  the  house  of  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Wallace, 
then  pastor  of  the  First  church.  The  following  persons 
united  in  its  formation :  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Lancaster, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gordon,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  Trow,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Asa  0.  Colby,  Miss  Abby  S.  Robertson,  all  of  the 
First  church ;  Miss  Mary  Libbey  and  Mrs.  Susan  H.  Moody 
of  a  church  in  Lowell,  Mass. ;  Elizabeth  Page  and  Mary 
Emerson  of  the  church  at  Goffstown ;  Ira  Merrill  of  that  at 
Plymouth ;  Rodney  L.  Huntington  of  that  at  Francestown  ; 
Nicholas  Youngman  of  that  at  Saugerties,  N.  Y. ;  Josiali 
Crosby,  Mrs.  Olive  L.  Crosby,  Harriet  McClary,  Abrarn 
Brigham  and  Alma  Brigham  of  that  at  Meredith  Bridge. 


168  MANCHESTER. 

The  following  became  members  of  the  church  at  its  first 
meeting:  Andrew  Moody  of  a  church  at  Lowell,  Mass.  ; 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  T.  Jaquith  of  the  church  at  Milford  ; 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  W.  Grimes,  David  Brigham,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Thomas  Carleton  of  the  First  church  ;  Sarah  J.  Em 
erson  of  the  church  in  Candia  ;  Joshua  Avery  of  the  church 
at  Meredith  Bridge.  In  accordance  with  a  vote  of  the 
members,  December  17,  1847,  it  assumed  the  name  of  the 
Franklin-street  church. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Wallace  held  the  office  of  moderator  till 
the  settlement  of  a  pastor  and  David  Brigham  was  chosen 
as  clerk  and  treasurer.  He  resigned  the  latter  office 
March  26,  1857,  when  Alfred  B.  Soule  was  chosen  to  fill 
his  place,  and  was  also  succeeded  by  Mr.  Soule  as  clerk, 
September  9,  1858.  Mr.  Soule  resigned  both  offices  No 
vember  29,  1858,  and  H.  C.  Bullard  was  his  successor. 
When  the  latter's  place  became  vacant  by  his  removal  from 
the  city,  Aldus  M.  Chapin  was  elected,  January  5,  1866, 
to  fill  it.  He  resigned  May  7, 1871,  when  Albert  H.  Daniels 
was  chosen  clerk,  and  Isaac  W.  Smith,  treasurer,  both  of 
whom  have  continued  in  office  to  the  present  time. 

Shortly  after  the  formation  of  the  church  David  Brig- 
ham  was  chosen  a  deacon,  and,  a  little  later,  Thomas  Carle- 
ton  received  an  election  to  the  same  office.  December  18, 

1845,  Walter  T.  Jaquith  was  chosen  deacon,  and  May  14, 

1846,  George  T.  Mixer.     December   24,  1847,  Aldus  M. 
Chapin  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Jaquith,  who  had  left 
the  city.     Deacon  Carleton  resigned  January  4,  1849,  and 
Erastus  Danielson  was  chosen  March  29,  1849,  to  take  his 
place.     Mr.  Brigham  resigned  his   deaconship  March   26, 
1857,  and   Albert  H.   Daniels  was    chosen   in  his  stead. 
April  16,  1857,  Deacons  Mixer  and  Chapin  having  left  the 
city,  Alfred  B.  Soule  was  elected  to  the  office.     Francis  B. 
Eaton  was  made  deacon  November  11, 1858.    Deacon  Dan 
ielson  left  the  city  in  1858  and  Deacon  Soule  in  1859,  and 


FRANKLIN-STREET  CHURCH.  169 

November  1,  1860,  Aldus  M.  Chapin,  having  returned,  was 
re-elected  to  his  former  office.  Henry  T.  Mowatt  was 
chosen  deacon  April  6,  1866,  and  resigned  April  2,  1874. 
In  1871  Deacon  Chapin  again  left  the  place,  and  July  9, 
1872,  George  Murdough  and  Ira  Barr  were  elected,  making 
four  deacons  now  in  office. 

The  first  pastor  was  Henry  M.  Dexter,  who  was  ordained 
November  6, 1844.  He  was  dismissed  March  14, 1849,  and 
was  succeeded,  September  26,  1849,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  S. 
Clarke.  The  latter  remained  till  July  1,  1852,  and,  No 
vember  3,  1852,  the  Rev.  Samuel  C.  Bartlett  was  installed. 
He  was  dismissed  February  18,  1857,  and  his  successor,  the 
Rev.  Aaron  C.  Adams,  was  settled  on  the  twenty-second  of 
July  of  the  same  year.  He  left  September  22,  1858,  and 
William  H.  Fenn  became  pastor  of  the  church  February  10, 
1859.  He  remained  over  seven  years,  being  dismissed  July 
17, 1866.  He  was  followed  by  William  J.  Tucker,  who  was 
ordained  January  24,  1867.  In  the  summer  of  1874  in 
terest  in  Mr.  Tucker's  preaching  had  drawn  so  many  to 
the  Franklin-street  church  that  there  were  no  pews  un- 
rented,  and  many  were  seeking  accommodation  in  vain. 
Mr.  Tucker,  in  declining  a  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Madison-avenue  Congregational  church  in  New  York  city, 
where  the  salary  is  at  least  ten  thousand  dollars,  drew  the 
attention  of  the  church  and  society  to  the  need  of  a  larger 
house  of  worship,  and  a  committee  was  raised  to  have  the 
matter  in  charge  and  obtain,  if  possible,  fifty  thousand  dol 
lars  by  subscription,  the  estimated  cost  of  a  new  building. 
A  partial  effort  was  made  at  that  time  to  this  end,  and  there 
the  matter  rested  till  February  21,  1875,  when  Mr.  Tucker 
read  to  the  congregation  from  the  pulpit  a  communication 
in  which  he  offered  his  resignation,  stating  in  substance 
that  his  usefulness  was  crippled  by  the  want  of  accommo 
dation  for  those  who  wished  to  enjoy  the  privileges  of  wor 
ship  in  the  Franklin-street  church.  This  announcement 
11 


170  MANCHESTER. 

was  received  with  general  surprise  and  regret,  and  a  meet 
ing  of  the  congregation  was  held  that  afternoon,  when  twen 
ty  thousand  dollars  was  pledged  for  the  building  of  a  new 
church.  This  sum  was  afterwards  raised  to  thirty-seven 
thousand  dollars,  but  no  further  increase  could  be  made. 
Other  plans  were  proposed  but  failed  of  execution,  and  Mr. 
Tucker,  deeming  it  inconsistent  with  the  interests  of  the 
church  and  society  to  withdraw  his  resignation,  publicly 
re-affirmed  it  March  14,  intending  to  close  his  labors  with 
the  church  after  the  first  Sunday  in  May. 

The  church  property  is  estimated  to  be  worth  eighteen 
thousand  dollars.  The  church  has  a  membership  of  about 
three  hundred,  and  the  Sunday-school  numbers  nearly  six 
hundred.  Of  the  latter  Samuel  Upton  is  superintendent, 
and  Albert  H.  Daniels  assistant  superintendent. 

MERRIMACK-STREET   BAPTIST    CHURCH. 

"  Early  in  the  year  1845  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baplist 
church  in  Manchester,  in  contemplating  the  rapidly  increas 
ing  population  of  the  place  and  the  fact  that  the  church 
numbered  more  than  three  hundred  communicants,  and 
that  sufficient  accommodations  could  not  be  obtained  for 
more  than  one-half  of  the  inhabitants  if  all  the  places  of 
public  worship  were  filled,  felt  that  the  cause  of  Christ  and 
the  interests  of  religion  demanded  of  the  First  church  to 
make  an  effort  to  establish  and  sustain  a  second  interest." 

"  May  2, 1845,  the  subject  was  brought  before  the  church 
by  the  pastor,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Brierly,  and  after  a  free 
and  full  discussion  it  was  voted  that  Brethren  David  P. 
Perkins,  John  B.  Goodwin,  Daniel  Gooden,  Deacon  Samuel 
Weston  and  the  Rev.  Andrew  T.  Foss  be  a  committee  to 
ascertain  what  can  be  done  in  relation  to  the  subject  of  or 
ganizing  a  second  church  and  report  at  a  future  meeting." 

May  26,  the  committee  made  a  report  favorable  to  the 
enterprise,  which  was  adopted,  and,  June  2,  the  church 


MERRIMACK-STREET  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  171 

voted  that  it  was  expedient  to  organize  a  second  church  at 
once. 

u  October  27, 1845,  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Manches 
ter  met  for  business,  when  the  following  brethren  and  sis 
ters  presented  their  request  to  be  dismissed  from  this 
church  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  second  church  in  this 
town,  agreeably  to  a  vote  of  the  church  passed  June  2, 
1845,  viz.:  Andrew  T.  Foss,  Samuel  Weston,  Elviress  Par- 
menter,  Daniel  Gooden,  John  B.  Goodwin.  David  P.  Per 
kins,  Alfred  George,  Thomas  George,  John  Buzzell,  Henry 
G.  Buzzell,  Jonathan  Rand,  John  Rider,  M.  M.  Foss,  Eliza 
Weston,  Electa  Parmenter,  Marinda  Gooden,  Caroline  S. 
Goodwin,  Abigail  Brooks,  Ann  W.  Parmenter,  Sarah  Em 
erson,  Betsey  Conner,  Esther  P.  Rand,  Betsey  Buzzell,  Ro- 
sanna  Buzzell,  Milla  R.  Parker,  Elizabeth  Night,  Ann  E. 
Weston,  Mary  Ann  George,  Lydia  George,  Lydia  George, 
2d,  Caroline  George,  Sarah  Rand,  Clorinda  Rider  and  Ab 
igail  Rider,  and  Isaac  Manning  and  Ann  E.  Manning  by 
letter." 

October  31,  1845,  those  who  were  purposing  to  form  the 
church  met  at  John  B.  Goodwin's  house  and  chose  the  Rev. 
A.  T.  Foss  moderator  and  David  P.  Perkins  clerk  of  the 
evening.  Upon  motion  of  Deacon  Samuel  Weston  it  was 
voted  to  organize  as  the  Second  Baptist  Church  in  Man 
chester,  and  David  P.  Perkins  was  chosen  its  clerk.  The 
church  was  publicly  recognized  as  such  by  a  council  De 
cember  3,  1845 

The  first  pastor  was  the  Rev.  A.  T.  Foss.  He  was  dis 
missed  at  his  own  request  July  11,  1847,  and  was  suc 
ceeded,  December  26,  by  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Morrill,  who  left 
July  15,  1849.  The  next  minister  was  the  Rev.  0.  0. 
Stearns,  who  remained  not  quite  a  year  and  was  followed  in 
January,  1851,  by  the  Rev.  Isaac  Woodbury.  After  his 
withdrawal  in  January,  1853,  the  Rev.  John  Peacock,  for 
merly  pastor  of  the  old  Amoskeag  Baptist  church,  sup- 


172  MANCHESTER. 

plied  the  pulpit  till  the  middle  of  April  and  then  different 
clergymen  officiated  for  two  or  three  months.  In  July, 
1853,  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Coburn  became  the  pastor.  His  res 
ignation  was  accepted  October  8,  1855,  but  seven  weeks 
later  he  was  invited  to  again  become  pastor  of  the  church 
and  accepted  the  invitation.  His  resignation  was  again 
offered  and  accepted  December  5,  1858,  and  the  Rev.  King 
S.  Hall  was  recognized  as  pastor  March  30,  1859.  He  left 
September  4,  1862,  and  the  Rev.  A.  W.  Chaffin  succeeded 
him  June  10,  1863.  He  remained  till  February  2,  1868, 
when  his  resignation  was  accepted.  The  Rev.  Alden  Sher- 
win,  the  present  pastor,  was  recognized  as  such  November 
18,  1868. 

The  first  clerk  of  the  church  was  David  P.  Perkins,  who 
was  chosen  upon  its  formation.  Upon  his  dismissal  in 
1847  Daniel  Gooden  acted  as  clerk  till  July  2,  1849,  when 
Caleb  Gage  was  chosen.  George  Holbrook  acted  as  clerk 
from  January,  1851,  to  July,  when  the  Rev.  Isaac  Wood- 
bury,  who  had  been  chosen  clerk  in  April,  took  the  rec 
ords,  being  succeeded,  January  24,  1853,  by  Pliny  Allen. 
George  Holbrook  was  chosen  clerk  January  2,  1854,  and 
has  held  the  office  ever  since.  The  first  treasurer  was 
Daniel  Gooden,  who  was  elected  November  9,  1845,  and 
was  succeeded  January  1, 1851,  by  Caleb  Gage,  the  present 
treasurer. 

At  the  organization  of  the  church  Samuel  Weston,  Elvi- 

ress  Parmenter  and  Daniel  Gooden  were  chosen  deacons 

•> 

Deacon  Weston  being  dismissed  in  1847.  January  8,1849, 
Ebenezer  Clark,  Caleb  Gage  and  Jerry  Felt  were  added  to 
the  number,  Deacon  Clark  leaving  in  1850  to  join  the  First 
church  from  which  he  had  come  two  years  before,  and 
Deacon  Felt  being  dismissed  in  1854.  Savory  T.  Burbank, 
Lyman  Wood  and  Calvin  Boynton  were  chosen  deacons  Oc 
tober  29,  1855,  and,  March  2,  1856,  George  Holbrook  and 
Timothy  S.  Jacobs. 


MERRIMACK-STREET  BAPTIST  CHURCH.  173 

The  meetings  of  the  church  were  first  held  in  Classic 
hall  and  afterwards  in  Temple  hall  in  Patten's  block,  but 
during  Mr.  Merrill's  pastorate  services  were  held  for  a  short 
time  in  the  chapel  on  Central  street  which  was  moved  from 
Concord  street,  where  it  had  been  occupied  in  succession 
by  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society,  St.  Michael's  church 
and  the  Second  Congregational  society.  Thence  the  church 
moved  to  the  city  hall,  which  it  occupied  till  February  22, 
1849,  when  the  brick  church  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
Elm  and  Pleasant  streets  was  occupied  for  the  first  time. 
This  was  built  by  Daniel  Gooden  with  a  view  to  its  posses 
sion  by  the  church,  to  which  he  sold  the  second  story,  with 
the  understanding  that  the  third  might  be  bought  when 
ever  the  church  desired.  With  Mr.  Gooden  were  after 
wards  associated  John  V.  Gooden  and  Stephen  D.  Green, 
and  subsequently  the  property  fell  into  the  latter's  hands. 
The  church  voted,  December  14,  1853,  to  adopt  the  name 
of  the  Elm-street  Baptist  church. 

March  27,  1854,  the  following  associated  themselves  to 
form  a  corporation  under  the  name  of  the  Elm-street  Bap 
tist  Church,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  the  property  :  Jesse 
M.  Coburn,  Daniel  Gooden,  Stephen  M.  Bennett,  William 
H.  Gilmore,  Caleb  Gage,  John  B.  Goodwin,  Alfred  George, 
Thomas  H.  Stevens,  Elviress  Parmenter,  Oliver  Gould, 
Gilman  Stewart,  Silas  F.  Dean,  George  Holbrook.  They 
re-elected  the  officers  of  the  church.  One  payment  had 
been  made  upon  the  building,  but  the  church  declined  to 
make  another  and,  after  remaining  there  till  February, 
1857,  they  left  and  worshiped  with  the  First  church  and 
in  Smyth's  hall  and  the  city  hall  till  the  dedication  of  their 
present  house  of  worship,  October  27,  1857.  This  was 
built  by  a  society  which  had  been  formed  in  June  of  that 
year  and  which  bought  of  John  H.  Maynard  and  George  W. 
F.  Converse  the  lot  on  Merrimack  street  between  Pine  and 
Union  on  which  the  church  stands.  It  had  been  proposed 


1 74  MANCHESTER. 

to  disband  two  years  before  they  left  the  house  on  Elm 
street,  but  the  church  resolved  to  cling  together  and  at 
length  outlived  their  troubles.  The  name  of  the  church 
was  changed,  January  31,  1859,  to  that  of  Merrimack- 
street  Baptist  Church.  December  11,  1870,  the  church 
celebrated  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  its  existence 
with  appropriate  ceremonies.  It  has  now  two  hundred  and 
fifty  members,  one  hundred  and  fifty  resident.  The  Sun 
day-school,  of  which  John  C.  Balch  is  superintendent  and 
George  Holbrook  assistant  superintendent,  has  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  members. 

The  Merrimack-street  Baptist  Society  was  formed  June 
1,  1857,  by  Caleb  Gage,  Calvin  Boynton,  John  B.  Goodwin, 
William  H.  Gilmore,  Elviress  Parmenter.  Lyman  Wood, 
Wallace  W.  Baker,  Oilman  S.  Stewart  and  George  Hol 
brook.  The  corporation  was  first  organized  as  the  Merri 
mack-street  Baptist  Church,  but  the  name  of  "  church  " 
was  changed  the  next  day  to  that  of  "  society."  At  the 
first  meeting  Wallace  W.  Baker  was  chosen  president  ; 
George  Holbrook  clerk,  and  Caleb  Gage  treasurer  ;  and 
these  were  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  January,  1858, 
together  with  a  board  of  directors,  consisting  of  Lyman 
Wood,  John  B.  Goodwin,  C.  W.  Barker,  Savory  T  Bur- 
bank,  Elviress  Parmenter,  W.  H.  Gilmore  and  James  Hol 
brook.  In  1857,  as  has  once  been  mentioned,  the  society 
bought  a  lot  and  built  upon  it  a  meeting-house.  About 
1860  the  "  Domestic  Benevolent  Society,"  an  association  of 
women  connected  with  the  church,  raised  the  necessary 
funds  and  built  a  chapel  in  the  rear  of  the  house.  The 
value  of  the  whole  property  is  estimated  at  ten  thousand 
dollars. 

Mr.  Baker  was  succeeded  as  president  by  Caleb  Gage  in 
1863,  who  remained  till  1866,  when  Joseph  Simonds  took 
his  place.  In  1868  John  L.  Davis  was  chosen,  and  he  was 
succeeded  in  1870  by  W.  H.  Gilmore  who  now  holds  the 


FIRST  WESLEYAN  METHODIST  CHURCH.  175 

office.  Mr.  Holbrook  has  been  the  society's  clerk  ever 
since  its  formation.  Mr.  Gage  continued  treasurer  till 
1869  when  Timothy  S.  Jacobs  was  elected.  His  place  was 
taken  the  next  year  by  Charles  W.  Barker,  who  was  suc 
ceeded  in  1871  by  the  present  treasurer,  Douglas  Mitchell. 
The  following,  who  have  not  been  included  among  the  offi 
cers  mentioned  above,  have  been  directors  at  one  time  and 
another  since  the  formation  of  the  society:  Robert  Gil- 
more,  Oliver  Gould,  Abram  Putnam,  Leander  Gage,  Wil 
liam  A.  Vincent,  Charles  Wheeler,  Jason  White,  William 
Heap,  John  C.  Balch,  Edwin  C.  Stevens,  John  H.  Wales, 
Henry  I.  Caswell,  George  Dickinson,  George  W.  Davis. 

FIRST  WESLEYAN   METHODIST   CHURCH. 

March  13,  1849,  the  following  persons  united  to  form  a 
church  which  should  be  governed  by  the  usages  of  the 
Wesleyan  Methodist  church  of  America :  John  Jones, 
Francis  Monroe,  Prudence  B.  Jones,  Charles  E.  Mills, 
Catherine  Mills,  Joseph  Bartlett,  Harriet  N.  Bartlett,  John 
L.  Trefran,  Stephen  Wiggin,  Hannah  M.  Wiggin,  James  T. 
Hardy,  Elbridge  Dearborn,  John  C.  Wadleigh,  Jesse  F. 
Wiggin,  John  Templeton,  Margaret  Robertson,  Lucia  A. 
Morrill,  Melissa  Morrill. 

These  were  mainly  seceders  from  the  Second  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  and  their  first  pastor  was  the  Rev.  John 
Jones,  the  first  preacher  stationed  over  the  church  whence 
they  had  come,  having  been  its  minister  in  1840  and  again 
in  1846  and  1847.  He  was  succeeded  in  October,  1851, 
by  the  Rev.  Jonas  Scott,  who  remained  till  some  time  in 
1852,  when  the  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Latham  took  his  place.  In 
1854  the  latter  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  R.  C.  Stone  and 
in  that  year  or  the  next  the  church  was  dissolved,  the  rec 
ords  ending  abruptly  in  the  middle  of  a  sentence. 

The  first  clerk  of  the  church  was  James  T.  Hardy.     He 


176  MANCHESTER. 

was  succeeded  by  J.  C.  Wadleigh,  and  he  by  E.  G.  Eaton, 
and  then  Mr.  Wadleigh  was  again  chosen  and  succeeded 
by  Langdon  Munroe.  The  treasurers  were  William  Root 
and  Jeremiah  D.  Jones.  The  church  held  services  in  the 
city  hall,  in  Patten's  and  Granite  halls,  in  the  chapel  on 
Central  street  which  had  been  moved  thither  from  Con 
cord  street,  and  finally  in  the  old  meeting-house  in  Piscata- 
quog  village,  where  the  church  broke  up. 

MANCHESTER   CITY   MISSIONARY   SOCIETY. 

In  the  spring  of  1847  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Seymour  was  em 
ployed  as  a  city  missionary  by  individuals  interested  in  the 
cause  of  religion,  who  paid  his  salary  and  hired  a  hall 
where  he  opened  a  Sunday-school  and  conducted  religious 
services.  In  this  way  the  idea  of  a  free  church  was  sug 
gested  and  the  building  now  used  for  that  purpose,  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Beech  streets,  was 
built  in  1850  and  dedicated  on  the  twenty-third  of  October 
of  that  year.  The  land  on  which  it  stands  was  given  by 
the  Amoskeag  Company  and  the  money  which  built  it  was 
the  contribution  of  individuals  in  the  city  and  of  the  Con 
gregational  and  Presbyterian  churches  in  the  state.  The 
property  is  worth  about  six  thousand  dollars  and  is  held  in 
trust,  on  condition  that  the  seats  in  the  church  shall  be  free 
and  that  public  worship  shall  be  maintained,  by  the  Man 
chester  City  Missionary  society,  which  was  legally  organ 
ized  April  24,  1850,  at  a  meeting  in  the  vestry  of  the  First 
Congregational  church.  George  T.  Mixer  was  chosen  chair 
man  and  David  Brigham  secretary,  and  a  constitution  was 
adopted  which  defines  the  object  of  the  society  to  be  to  sus 
tain  a  missionary  or  missionaries  for  the  religious  instruc 
tion  of  those  who  do  not  usually  attend  public  worship. 
This  was  amended  in  1870  so  as  to  make  the  distribution 
of  charity  an  additional  object.  The  society  numbers  about 
a  hundred  members. 


MANCHESTER  CITY  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY.          177 

At  the  first  meeting  for  choice  of  officers  Moulton 
Knowles  was  elected  president ;  George  T.  Mixer,  vice- 
president;  David  Brigham,  secretary  ;  Henry  Clough,  treas 
urer;  Stephen  Smith,  Archelaus  Wilson,  William  G.  Means, 
Frederick  Smyth,  Aldus  M.  Chapin,  executive  committee. 
In  1851  David  Gillis  was  chosen  president  and  Nahum 
Baldwin  vice-president.  In  1852  William  G.  Means  was 
made  president ;  Aldus  M.  Chapin,  vice-president ;  and 
James  0.  Adams  succeeded  Mr.  Brigham  as  secretary.  In 
1853  Mr.  Chapin  was  relieved  by  George  T.  Mixer,  and 
Abraham  Robertson  became  treasurer  in  place  of  Mr. 
Clough.  The  next  year  James  Hersey  succeeded  Mr. 
Means  as  president,  and  in  1855  Ephraim  Corey  was  elect 
ed  vice-president  and  William  H.  Ward  secretary.  In 
1856  Mr.  Corey  was  chosen  president  and  Jonathan  Ten- 
ney  was  elected  to  the  place  thus  left  vacant.  In  1857 
Henry  T.  Mowatt  was  chosen  president ;  Moulton  Knowles, 
vice-president ;  David  Hill,  secretary.  Within  the  year  the 
latter  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Aldrich,  and  Abraham 
Robertson,  who  had  been  treasurer  since  1853,  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Horace  Pettee. 

In  1858  George  W.  Pinkerton  became  vice-president ;  in 
1859  there  was  no  change  ;  and  in  1860  Mr.  Pinkerton  was 
elected  president ;  John  Harvey,  vice-president ;  Sylvanus 
Bunton,  secretary  ;  Holmes  R.  Pettee,  treasurer.  In  1861 
Horace  Pettee  was  chosen  president  and  Theodore  T.  Ab 
bot  vice-president.  There  is  no  record  of  a  meeting  in 
1862,  and  the  next  year  William  Bailey  became  vice-pres 
ident  and  Thomas  B.  Brown  secretary.  These  officers 
were  re-elected  in  1864  and  1865  with  the  exception  of  Mr. 
Bailey,  who  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Currier  in  1865, 
and  there  was  no  change  in  1866, 1867  and  1868.  In  1869 
Henry  W.  Herrick  was  elected  president ;  Alden  W.  San- 
born,  vice-president ;  and  John  G.  Lane  secretary,  who  has 
held  the  office  ever  since.  In  1870  Orison  Hardy  became 


178  MANCHESTER. 

vice-president  and  Joseph  H.  Peabody  secretary.  In  1871 
Henry  Clough  was  elected  president;  James  T.  Frost,  vice- 
president;  and  William  F.  Childs,  treasurer,  who  has  been 
re-elected  annually  since.  In  1872  Storer  Nason  succeeded 
Mr.  Frost  as  vice-president  and  in  1873  Albert  H.  Daniels 
succeeded  Mr.  Clough  as  president,  since  when  there  has 
been  no  change.  The  executive  committee  of  1874  con 
sisted  of  Alden  W.  Sanborn,  Marshall  P.  Hall,  Alfred  G. 
Fairbanks,  Horace  Pettee  and  Moses  E.  George. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Seymour  continued  his  labors  as  mission 
ary  after  the  church  had  been  built  and  in  April,  1851, 
was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  T.  P.  Sawin,  who  remained  till 
about  the  same  time  in  1856.  He  was  followed  by  the 
Rev.  Lyman  Marshall,  who  remained  till  1860.  For  six 
years  thereafter  the  enterprise  languished,  no  missionary 
was  hired  and  religious  services  were  not  sustained.  In 
1866,  however,  the  Rev.  T.  P.  Sawin  returned  to  assume 
the  duties  of  missionary  and  remained  three  years,  leaving 
in  May,  1869,  and  being  followed  in  October  of  that  year 
by  the  Rev.  Frank  G.  Clark.  He  resigned  in  April,  1873, 
to  become  pastor  of  a  church  in  Rindge,  and  the  present 
missionary,  the  Rev.  William  H.  Rand,  began  his  labors  in 
September.  Miss  M.  E.  Spear  served  as  assistant  mission 
ary  in  parts  of  1869  and  1870,  and,  after  she  left,  Mrs. 
George  P.  Woodman  performed  her  duties  a  part  of  the 
time  till  the  appointment  of  Miss  Sarah  J.  Fitzpatrick— 
now  Mrs.  Thomas  Bailey — in  April,  1872.  She  held  the 
office  till  May,  1874,  when  she  resigned,  and  in  September 
Mrs.  Daniel  S.  Adams  was  appointed  and  now  serves. 

The  society's  annual  income  is  derived  from  several  dif 
ferent  sources.  From  the  start  it  had  received  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  dollars  a  year  from  the  state  missionary  so 
ciety,  but  this  ceased  about  1870,  when  the  mission  in  this 
city  enlarged  its  sphere  of  action.  The  sum  of  sixty  dollars 
accrues  as  interest  upon  a  thousand  dollars  bequeathed  in 


MANCHESTER  CITY  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY.          179 

1851  by  the  late  Thomas  I).  Merrill  of  Concord ;  the  inter 
est  of  eighty-eight  dollars  is  received  from  a  fund  left  in 
trust  for  the  society's  uses :  and  the  two  Congregational 
churches  in  the  city  make  an  annual  appropriation  of  three 
hundred  dollars  each.  About  1870,  when  the  society  com 
bined  charitable  with  religious  work,  the  Amoskeag,  Stark, 
Manchester  and  Langdon  corporations  agreed  to  pay  for 
the  support  of  the  mission  a  sum  equivalent  to  one  hun 
dredth  of  one  per  cent,  upon  their  capital  stock,  amount 
ing  in  all  to  six  hundred  and  fifty-five  dollars.  Voluntary 
contributions  at  the  services  in  the  free  church  add  about 
one  hundred  dollars,  making  a  stated  income  of  about  four 
teen  hundred  dollars.  From  this  is  paid  the  missionary's 
salary  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  and  the  current  expenses, 
and  the  surplus  is  used,  so  far  as  it  goes,  to  support  an  as 
sistant  city  missionary  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time. 

The  needs  of  the  poor  had  become  so  apparent  after  the 
war  that  subscriptions  were  raised  at  irregular  times,  and 
Mr.  Sawin,  who  was  then  missionary,  spent  a  part  of  his 
time  in  the  relief  of  the  destitute.  The  result  of  this  has 
already  been  referred  to  in  the  recognition  by  an  amend 
ment  to  the  society's  constitution  of  the  distribution  of 
charity  as  a  part  of  the  missionary's  work  and  the  annual 
contribution  of  over  one-half  his  salary  by  the  corporations. 
The  relief  fund  is  kept  in  a  separate  account  and  was  be 
gun  by  the  raising  of  five  hundred  dollars  at  a  levee  five  or 
six  years  ago.  This  was  spent  in  about  three  years  and 
Mr.  Clark,  then  the  missionary,  raised  three  hundred  dol 
lars  more  by  subscription,  which  has  gradually  been  spent, 
and  the  society  relies  upon  individual  subscriptions  of 
money,  clothing  and  other  necessaries  for  means  to  carry 
on  its  charitable  work,  none  of  the  stated  income  being 
spent  in  that  way.  The  society,  while  it  was  engaged  solely 
in  religious  work,  was  solely  a  Congregational  society,  but 
when  it  began  to  relieve  the  suffering,  an  effort  was  made  to 


180  MANCHESTER. 

enlist  the  sympathies  of  other  denominations  in  the  city, 
and  for  a  year  or  two  nearly  all  made  contributions  for  its 
support.  The  interest,  however,  was  but  temporary  and 
aid  from  other  than  Congregational  churches  has  ceased, 
though  other  denominations  are  represented  in  its  officers. 

Shortly  after  the  free  church  was  built  it  seemed  desir 
able  to  those  who  attended  service  there  or  who  took  part 
in  the  Sunday-school,  that  a  church  should  be  regularly 
organized  to  worship  there,  and,  December  7,  1852,  in  ac 
cordance  with  a  notice  previously  given,  a  few  persons  as 
sembled  to  take  the  matter  into  consideration.  They  de 
cided  to  proceed  and  chose  Abraham  Burton  clerk.  The 
church  was  formally  organized  December  80,  1852,  by  an 
ecclesiastical  council,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Christian 
Mission  Church."  The  city  missionary  was  always  the  pas 
tor  of  the  church.  Joseph-  T.  Ayer  was  chosen  treasurer 
March  5, 1853,  and,  December  31, 1853,  James  Brooks  and 
Abraham  Burton  were  elected  deacons.  Deacon  Burton 
resigned  his  clerkship  in  1857  but  continued  to  keep  the 
books.  The  last  record  was  made  in  1859  and  about  that 
time  the  church  fell  to  pieces.  A  Sunday-school  had  been 
supported  there  till  the  closing  of  the  church  in  1860. 
While  it  remained  unopened,  a  mission-school  was  organ 
ized  in  the  vestry  of  the  First  Congregational  church  and 
transferred  thence  to  the  free  chapel,  when  worship  was 
resumed  there.  The  school  has  now  about  two  hundred 
and  fifty  members.  John  G.  Lane  is  the  superintendent 
and  Daniel  S.  Adams  assistant  superintendent. 

SECOND   UNIVERSALIST   CHURCH. 

The  Second  Universalist  society  was  formed  by  men  who 
separated  from  the  First  society  and  who  met  and  adopted 
a  constitution  December  10,  1859.  They  were  followers  of 
the  Rev.  B.  M.  Tillotson,  who  had  been  pastor  of  the  First 


SECOND  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH.  181 

church,  but  had  resigned  its  charge  the  previous  October. 
They  met  again  the  first  day  of  the  next  year  at  Smyth's 
hall  and  elected  Lewis  Simons  president,  Charles  H.  Chase 
vice-president,  Ira  A.  Bowen  secretary,  and  John  D.  Bean 
treasurer.  In  March  of  that  year  the  Rev.  B.  H.  Davis  ac 
cepted  an  invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  society  and  re 
mained  till  February,  1861.  In  January,  1861,  Charles  H. 
Chase  became  secretary  and  Luther  Smith  succeeded  him 
as  vice-president,  but  before  the  month  was  out,  all  the  offi 
cers  resigned,  and  John  Gillis  was  elected  president,  P. 
D.  Howe  vice-president,  J.  D.  Jones  secretary,  and  E.  P. 
Pearson  treasurer.  On  the  fourteenth  of  December,  1861, 
the  Rev.  B.  M.  Tillotson,  whose  services  the  society  had 
endeavored  to  obtain  at  the  outset,  began  his  labors  with 
it.  In  1862  Lewis  Simons  again  became  president ;  E.  P. 
Pearson,  vice-president;  W.  P.  Rundlett,  secretary  ;  and 
J.  D.  Bean,  treasurer.  These  continued  through  the  next 
year.  January  11,  1863,  the  society  voted  to  take  the 
name  of  the  Elm-street  Universalist  Society.  Till  that 
year  worship  had  been  held  in  Smyth's  hall,  but  then  the 
society  moved  to  what  is  now  Music  hall,  which  had  been 
built  with  a  view  to  its  occupancy  by  the  society.  In  1864 
Eleazer  Martin  was  chosen  president ;  John  Gillis,  vice- 
president  ;  Ira  A.  Bowen,  secretary ;  and  John  D.  Bean 
was  re-elected  treasurer.  The  next  year  Allen  Partridge 
was  chosen  vice-president  and  Darwin  A.  Simons  treasurer, 
Mr.  Martin  and  Mr.  Bowen  being  re-elected,  but  upon  the 
former's  death  in  June,  Thomas  Maskey  was  elected  to 
take  his  place.  In  1866  Charles  H.  Chase  became  secre 
tary  and  there  was  no  change  till  after  the  annual  election 
of  the  next  year  had  passed. 

It  was  deemed  wise  to  form  a  legally  incorporated  soci 
ety,  and,  February  27, 1867,  Thomas  Maskey,  Lewis  Simons, 
George  H.  Dorr,  Charles  II.  Chase,  B.  L.  Drew,  Darwin 
A.  Simons  and  George  E.  Glines  were  associated  as  the 


182  MANCHESTER. 

Elm-street  Universalist  Society,  proper  notice  of  the  fact 
being  given.  In  April  Thomas  Maskey  was  chosen  presi 
dent  ;  Allen  Partridge,  vice-president ;  Charles  H.  Chase, 
clerk  ;  and  Darwin  A.  Simons,  treasurer.  The  next  year 
Lewis  Simons  became  president  and  George  H.  Dorr  vice- 
president.  In  1869  George  E.  Glines  succeeded  Mr.  Dorr. 
In  1870  A.  C.  Osgood  became  clerk  and  George  E.  Wilson 
treasurer.  In  1871  H.  L.  Drew  was  elected  president ;  B. 
K.  Parker,  vice-president ;  A.  C.  Osgood,  clerk  ;  and  A.  B. 
Chase,  treasurer.  In  March  of  that  year  the  Eev.  B.  M. 
Tillotson  left  the  pastorate  of  the  society,  and  preaching 
was  supplied  by  the  Rev.  A.  P.  Folsom  from  May  till  No 
vember,  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  which  month  the  society 
voted  to  dissolve. 

The  Elm-street  Universalist  Church  was  formed  in  June, 
1860,  and  disbanded  in  the  fall  of  1871,  eighty-seven  mem 
bers  having  been  connected  with  it.  Its  clerk  was  John 
Gillis  ;  its  treasurer,  J.  C.  Hill ;  and  its  deacons,  J.  C.  Hill, 
Amasa  Waterman,  John  Gillis,  Lewis  Simons,  Columbus 
Wyman.  In  connection  with  it  a  Sunday-school  was  or 
ganized  in  1860,  which  had  a  hundred  and  sixty  members. 
Its  superintendents  were  J.  C.  Hill,  George  H.  True  and 
the  several  pastors. 

FIRST   PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 

Prior  to  the  year  1820  there  was  no  house  of  worship  in 
Manchester  except  the  old  town-house  at  the  Centre.  At 
that  time  the  inhabitants  of  Piscataquog  village,  then  a  part 
of  Bedford,  feeling  the  need  of  better  religious  privileges, 
took  measures  to  build  a  meeting-house.  A  company  was 
organized  and  the  stock,  divided  into  thirty-three  shares  of 
one  hundred  dollars  each,  subscribed  for,  and,  though  there 
were  then  but  ten  houses  in  Piscataquog,  all  the  money  was 
raised  in  the  village.  A  very  desirable  lot  of  land,  situ- 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH.  183 

ated  on  the  river  road  on  the  hill  which  rises  from  the 
south  bank  of  the  Piscataquog,  was  given,  and  a  large  part 
of  the  stock  was  taken,  by  the  heirs  of  William  Parker, 
a  wealthy  merchant  of  the  village,  then  lately  deceased. 
Work  was  begun  on  the  house  in  the  spring  of  1820  and  it 
was  finished  and  dedicated  on  the  fifteenth  of  November 
of  that  year.  The  building  committee  consisted  of  James 
Patten,  Jonathan  Palmer  and  William  P.  Riddle. 

It  had  been  hoped  that  on  the  completion  of  the  house 
an  arrangement  might  be  made  with  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Bedford  Centre,  by  which  the  pastor  of  that 
church  might  divide  his  labors  and  occupy  the  pulpit  of  the 
new  house  a  part  of  the  time.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that 
the  Presbyterian  doctrine  was  taught  in  Piscataquog  and 
at  Manchester  Centre,  and  that  Presbyterians  were  many 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  meeting-house  which  was  built  in 
1736  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  town,  while  Congrega 
tionalism,  in  which  the  kindred  denomination  has  now 
been  lost,  as  far  as  Manchester  is  concerned,  emanated 
from  Amoskeag  village.  As  this  arrangement  with  Bed 
ford  could  not  be  made,  and  as  the  people  of  the  village 
were  unable  of  themselves  to  sustain  preaching,  no  stated 
and  regular  services,  except  occasionally  for  a  lew  months 
at  a  time,  were  held  in  the  house  till  its  occupation  by  the 
Wesleyan  Methodists  in  1855.  However,  soon  after  its  ded 
ication  the  Rev.  Mr.  Long  was  engaged  to  teach  the  district 
school  and  preach  on  Sundays,  and  after  his  retirement  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Pomeroy,  a  fresh  graduate  from  the  theological 
seminary  at  Andover,  supplied  the  pulpit  for  some  time 
and  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to  settle  him  as  a  col 
league  with  the  Rev.  David  McGregor  of  Bedford.  Just 
before  the  revival  of  1831  a  Mr.  Saulsbury  preached  ac 
ceptably  and  in  the  spring  of  1839  an  old  minister  named 
Miltimore  occupied  the  pulpit  for  a  time. 


184  MANCHESTER. 


1842  the  proprietors  ^decided  to  dispose  of  the  house 
and  it  was  accordingly  sold  for  about  three  hundred  dollars 
to  a  company,  which,  six  years  later,  was  incorporated  un 
der  the  name  of  "  The  Piscataquog  Village  Academy,"  the 
grantees  being  William  P.  Riddle,  Jonas  B.  Bowman, 
James  Walker,  Daniel  Mack,|Mace  Moulton,  Frederick  G. 
Stark,  Henry  C.  Parker,  Samuel  Brown,  Andrew  J.  Dow, 
James  Harvell  and  Ephraim  Harvell.  The  upper  part  of 
the  building]was  fitted  for  school  purposes,  the  lower  part 
being!  still  retained  for  public  worship,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1842  the  house  was  opened  to  the  public  as  an  academy. 
The  first  principal  was  Dr.  Leonard  French,  now  of  this 
city.  He  was  succeeded  by  Hiram  Wason,  and  he  by 
Charles  Warren.  In  March,  1845,  Benjamin  F.  Wallace, 
afterwards  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church  which  was 
formed  in  the  village,  took  charge  of  the  school  and  re 
mained  its  instructor  till  its  discontinuance,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  one  year  when  it  was  taught  by  the  Rev.  Amos 
Abbott,  once  a  missionary  in  India. 

In  the  summer  of  1855  the  First  Wesleyan  Methodist 
church,  which  had  been  meeting  for  several  years  in  various 
halls  in  the  city  proper,  obtained  permission  to  occupy  the 
house  and  sustained  religious  services  for  a  short  time  and 
then  withdrew.  The  pastor,  the  Rev.  R.  C.  Stone,  suc 
ceeded,  however,  by  making  a  strong  personal  effort  among 
the  people,  in  raising  sufficient  funds  for  his  support,  and 
continued  his  ministrations  during  the  fall. 

In  the  spring  of  1856,  by  advice  of  the  Londonderry 
Presbytery  and  with  the  aid  of  the  Presbyterian  Board  of 
Missions,  the  Rev.  George  A.  Bowman  was  employed  and 
lie  continued  to  supply  the  pulpit  till  July,  1866.  During 
his  ministry,  a  committee  of  the  Londonderry  Presbytery, 
appointed  for  that  purpose  at  Windham  in  October,  1858, 
met,  November  9,  1859,  at  Piscataquog  village,  which  had 
become  a  part  of  Manchester  three  years  before,  and  organ- 


184 


Til:  In  18 

and  it  M  .MI  accordingly  sold  for  about  three  hu 

to  a  cor  ..any,  which,  six  years 

der  the  name  of  "  The  Piscataquog  Village  Acadt 

grantee*     eing  William    P.    Riddle,  Jonas 

James  Walker,  Daniel  Mack,]Mace  Moulton,  JbYedenk-k  * 

Stark,  Henry  C.  Parker,  Samuel 

James  Harvell  and 

the  buildingjwaa  fitted  for  s  hool  purposes,  the  k<- 


•  ?,  and  in  the  fall  of 
as  an  academy. 
ftrd  French,  now  of  this 
am   Wason . 

ace, 

vvas 

r«?- 


beingj  still 

1842  the  bo 

The   finsf 

city,     He 

Charle: 

afterwa 

formed 

maine< 

ceptioi 

Abbott 

In   t 
elm  roll 

halls  i:i  the  city  pn  ; 
house  and  sustained  religious 
then  withdrew. 

ceeded,  however,  y  making  a  ft 
the  people,  in  raising  :  .dent 
continued  his  ministrations  durit 

In   the  spring  of  18- 
Presbytery  and  with  the 
Missions,  the  Rev.  George  A.  Bo 
lie  continued  to  supply  the  pulpit  t 
his  ministry,  a  commit 
appointed  for  that  purpose 
met,  November  9,  18o9,  a 
become  a  part  of  Manchester  -tlito 


er,  1858, 
,  whitjh  had 
fore,  and  organ- 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH.  185 

ized  the  "  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Manchester  "  with 
the  following  members :  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  McQueston, 
B.  F.  Wallace,  Marion  Wallace,  Mrs.  Sarah  French,  Celia  N. 
French,  Ellen  B.  French,  Robert  H.  French,  Mrs.  Betsey  P. 
Walker,  Mrs.  James  Harvell,  Jonas  B.  Bowman,  Asenath  L. 
L.  Bowman,  Margaret  McQueston,  Mrs.  Adeline  Living 
ston.  The  church  held  a  meeting  the  same  day  and  elected 
Deacon  Samuel  McQueston  and  Benjamin  F.J  Wallace  el 
ders  and  the  latter  was  ordained  to  the  office  of  elder,  be 
ing  also  chosen  clerk.  At  different  times  during  its  exist 
ence  a  number  of  persons  were  added,  but  iu  1867,  the  year 
after  Mr.  Bowman's  departure,  it  was  disbanded  and  its 
last  record  was  made  December  20,  1867,  by  the  Rev.  Ar 
thur  Little,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Bedford,  who  granted, 
by  authority  of  the  Presbytery,  letters  of  dismission  to  Ira 
Barr,  Mrs.  Lucinda  S.  McQueston,  Miss  Margaret  McQues 
ton  and  Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Harvell,  who  joined  the  Franklin- 
street  church,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ebenezer  Hartshorn,  who 
went  to  the  First  Congregational  church. 

In  1870  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Harris,  a  native  of  Piscataquog 
village  and  the  daughter  of  William  Parker,  having  ex 
pressed  a  desire  to  repair  the  church  and  put  it  in  the 
hands  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  the  pro 
prietors  voted  to  give  it  to  her  for  that  purpose  with  the 
understanding  that  the  Association  would  always  keep  it 
in  repair.  In  accordance  with  this  vote  Mrs.  Harris  ac 
cepted  the  house,  and,  having  thoroughly  renewed  it,  trans 
ferred  it  to  the  Association,  by  which  it  is  held  in  trust, 
the  latter  agreeing  on  its  part  to  keep  the  building  in  good 
condition  and  to  maintain  "evangelical"  preaching  in  it. 
It  was  dedicated  April  21,  1872,  with  appropriate  religious 
exercises,  different  clergymen  of  the  city  taking  part  and 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Wallace  giving  a  brief  history  of  religious 
worship  in  Piscataquog.  A  Sunday-school  was  then  organ 
ized  and  has  continued  since  in  a  flourishing  condition,  first 

12 


186  MANCHESTER. 

under  the  superintendence  of  Col.  Francis  W.  Parker  and 
then,  successively,  of  Edward  Taylor  and  Charles  A.  Da 
venport.  It  has  now  about  one  hundred  members.  The 
city  clergymen  supply  the  pulpit  in  succession  Sunday  after 
noons. 

PINE-STREET    FREEWILL    BAPTIST    CHURCH. 

u  December  21,  1859,  in  compliance  with  the  request  of 
some  Freewill  Baptist  brethren  in  Manchester  a  council, 
consisting  of  the  Rev.  S.  Curtis,  A.  R.  Bradbury,  E.  M. 
Tappan  and  J.  P.  Nutting,  convened  in  this  city  for  the 
purpose  of  re-organizing  a  church,"  and,  by  the  advice  and 
assistance  of  this  council,  the  Pine-street  Freewill  Baptist 
church  was  formed.  The  Rev.  J.  M.  Bailey,  who  had  been 
pastor  of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  church  from  which  this 
had  arisen,  was  installed  the  same  day  as  pastor.  He 
closed  his  labors  in  November,  1861,  and,  September  10, 
1862,  Reuben  V.  Jenness  was  ordained.  He  resigned  June 
1,  1863,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Nahum  Brooks. 
The  latter  resigned  May  12,  1869,  and  the  Rev.  N.  L.  Row- 
ell  accepted  an  invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  church. 
In  November,  1873,  he  resigned  and  the  Rev.  Harrison  F. 
Wood  was  installed  May  22,  1874. 

At  the  organization  of  the  church  Silas  Hamilton  was 
chosen  clerk  and  treasurer.  He  resigned  October  3,  1862, 
and  H.  W.  Savory  succeeded  him,  continuing  in  office  till 
April  30,  1873,  when  Mr.  Hamilton  resumed  his  former 
office.  December  30,  1859,  H.  W.  Savory  and  J.  J.  Straw, 
who  had  been  deacons  in  the  old  church,  were  elected  to 
the  same  office  in  this,  and  July  8,  1868,  Samuel  Gould 
was  added.  December  28,  1870,  J.  B.  Daniels  and  F.  P. 
Smith  were  also  elected  deacons.  The  church  has  now 
about  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  members,  probably  one 
hundred  and  fifty  resident,  and  the  Sunday-school  numbers 


PINE-STREET  FREEWILL  BAPTIST  CHURCH.          187 

two  hundred  and  seventy-five.  Of  the  latter  James  S. 
Berry  is  superintendent,  and  Harvey  B.  Sawyer  assistant 
superintendent. 

The  "  Union  Association  "  was  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  assuming  the  debts  of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society, 
January  8, 1859,  meeting  at  the  residence  of  Jonathan  Cil- 
ley.  Its  members  were  J.  M.  Beau,  George  W.  Quinby, 
William  B.  Dana,  H.  W.  Savory,  Jonathan  J.  Straw,  A.  J. 
Butterfield,  Liberty  Raymond,  Silas  Hamilton,  Francis  G. 
Bean  and  Jonathan  Ciiley.  They  elected,  as  president, 
William  B.  Dana ;  vice-president,  Francis  G.  Bean  ;  secre 
tary  and  treasurer,  Silas  Hamilton ;  directors,  J.  M.  Bean, 
Liberty  Raymond,  H.  W.  Savory.  A  constitution  and  by 
laws  were  subsequently  adopted. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  this  association,  having  bought 
of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  society  its  church  and  ex 
changed  it  for  the  one  then  occupied  by  the  Unitarians, 
rented  the  latter  to  the  Pine-street  church.  Their  first 
officers  continued  through  1860  and  there  was  but  one 
change  in  1861,  when  J.  M.  Bean  resigned  his  office  as  di 
rector  on  account  of  want  of  health  and  was  succeeded  by 
J.  J.  Straw.  The  same  year  George  W.  Quinby  sold  his 
stock  to  F.  P.  Smith,  who  thus  became  a  member  of  the 
association.  These  officers  were  re-elected  in  1862,  but  the 
next  year,  upon  Mr.  Hamilton's  departure  from  the  city, 
H.  W.  Savory  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  as  clerk  and 
treasurer  and  F.  P.  Smith  took  Mr.  Savory's  place  in  the 
board  of  directors. 

The  property  was  held  by  this  association  till  August  30, 
1865,  when  the  Pine-street  Freewill  Baptist  society  was 
formed  to  take  its  place,  its  members  meeting  in  the  vestry 
of  the  church  and  being  called  to  order  by  Nahum  Brooks. 
They  adopted  a  constitution,  and,  at  a  meeting  held  Sep 
tember  6,  1865,  chose  True  Dudley  secretary  and  treas 
urer,  and  Joseph  Bean,  Moses  E.  George  and  John  Kit- 


188  MANCHESTER. 

tredge,  wardens.  These  were  re-elected  at  the  first  annual 
meeting  in  December  of  that  year,  but  in  1866  Joseph 
Bean,  Joseph  Peabody  and  C.  S.  Boynton  were  chosen 
wardens,  being  succeeded  in  1867  by  Joseph  Bean,  David 
Ricker  and  J.  B.  Daniels.  A  revised  constitution  was 
adopted  that  year  by  which  the  title  of  wardens  was 
changed  to  that  of  prudential  committee  and  a  president 
and  vice-president  were  added  to  the  list  of  officers,  Sam 
uel  Gould  being  chosen  as  the  former  and  B.  W.  Robinson 
as  the  latter. 

The  society  voted,  September  25,  1868,  to  accept  the  act 
of  incorporation  passed  by  the  legislature  of  that  year. 
The  grantees  were :  Nahum  Brooks,  J.  J.  Straw,  A.  J. 
Butterfield,  Joseph  Peabody,  H.  W.  Savory,  F.  P.  Smith, 
David  Ricker,  Samuel  Gould,  Joseph  Bean,  True  E.  Dud 
ley,  Lyman  Batchelder  and  Moses  A.  Hunkins.  The  offi 
cers  chosen  that  year  were  :  Moses  E.  George,  president ; 
B.  W.  Robinson,  vice-president ;  Harvey  B.  Sawyer,  secre 
tary  and  treasurer ;  David  Ricker,  Lyman  Batchelder  and 
Moses  A.  Hunkins,  directors.  In  1869  Joseph  Peabody 
succeeded  Mr.  Ricker  as  a  director  and  during  the  next 
year  P.  P.  Smith  was  elected  to  take  Mr.  Hunkins's  place. 
At  the  election  of  1870  J.  B.  Daniels,  J.  L.  Dearborn  and 
M.  C.  Clark  were  elected  prudential  committee,  the  two 
latter  being  succeeded  the  next  year  by  A.  A.  Ainsworth 
and  James  S.  Berry. 

The  annual  election  had  heretofore  been  held  in  Decem 
ber  and  the  officers  elected  in  one  year  had  served  in  the 
next,  but  now  the  time  of  meeting  was  changed  to  Janu 
ary  and  the  year  of  election  made  coincident  with  the  year 
of  service.  In  1873  Nahum  Brooks  was  elected  president; 
David  Ricker,  vice-president ;  Harvey  B.  Sawyer,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  James  S.  Berry,  I.  D.  Palmer  and  David 
Ricker,  prudential  committee.  In  1874  A.  A.  Ainsworth 
succeeded  Mr.  Ricker  as  vice-president,  and  I.  D.  Palmer, 


MERRIMACK-STBEET  FREE  BAPTIST  CHURCH.        189 

Moses  E.  George  and  Silas  Hamilton  were  chosen  pruden 
tial  committee.  In  1875  George  T.  Bailey  was  chosen  clerk, 
Mr.  Sawyer  continuing  treasurer,  and  Charles  E.  Cox,  Da 
vid  H.  Burbank  and  Nahum  Brooks  were  chosen  prudential 
committee.  The  value  of  the  society's  property  is  about 
eight  thousand  dollars. 

MERRIMACK-STREET   FREE  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

Those  members  of  the  First  Freewill  Baptist  church  who 
kept  the  records  and  claimed  the  name  met  for  the  first 
time  for  business  January  11,  1860,  in  the  brick  church 
on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Pleasant  streets,  formerly  occu 
pied  by  the  Second  (Calvinistic)  Baptist  society.  George  S. 
Holmes,  who  was  the  church  clerk  when  the  house  on  Mer- 
rimack  street  was  occupied,  was  chosen  clerk  and  treasurer 
March  21,  1860.  In  October  of  that  year  it  was  voted  to 
adopt  the  name  of  the  Elm-street  Freewill  Baptist  Church. 
The  Rev.  J.  B.  Davis  occupied  the  pulpit  for  a  few  months, 
and,  March  27,  1861,  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Knowles  was  installed 
as  pastor,  continuing  such  till  the  first  of  March,  1871. 

J.  W.  Severance,  Samuel  Gould  and  Stephen  H.  Rand- 
lett  were  chosen  deacons  March  21,  1860,  and  on  the  first 
of  August  Joseph  E.  Walker  was  added  to  their  number. 
B.  J.  Robinson  was  elected  April  3,  1861 ;  Stevens  James, 
February  11,  1863;  and  John  S.  Folsom,  January  1,  1868. 
Mr.  Holmes,  the  first  clerk  and  treasurer,  continued  to  act 
in  that  capacity  till  August  1,  1866,  when  Samuel  Gould 
succeeded  him.  William  H.  Gate  took  his  place  January 
2,  1867,  and  was  succeeded  in  January,  1871,  by  Timon  M. 
Morse,  who  had  acted  as  clerk  since  the  previous  March. 
Upon  Mr. 'Morse's  departure  from  town,  George  S.  Holmes 
was  chosen,  December  31,  1874,  to  take  his  place. 

The  financial  affairs  of  the  church  were  conducted  by  an 
association,  like  that  which  was  formed  in  the  other  Free- 


190  MANCHESTER. 

will  Baptist  church,  till  February,  1864,  when  the  members 
of  the  congregation  met  to  consider  the  propriety  of  form 
ing  a  religious  society.  Samuel  Gould  was  chosen  chair 
man,  and  William  H.  Gate,  secretary,  and  John  W.  Sever 
ance,  Samuel  Gould  and  Stevens  James  were  appointed  to 
draft  a  constitution.  This  was  adopted  February  22,  1864, 
and  the  following  officers  chosen  :  Samuel  Gould,  presi 
dent  :  Stevens  James,  vice-president ;  William  H.  Gate, 
secretary;  John  S.  Folsom,  treasurer  ;  S.  H.  Randlett,  D. 
D.  Goodwin  and  Jeremiah  Russell,  prudential  committee. 
The  name  of  the  "  Randall  Freewill  Baptist  Society  "  was 
first  taken,  but  it  was  voted,  December  21.  1864,  to  change 
the  name  to  that  of  "Elm-street  Freewill  Baptist  Society." 

In  1865  Stephen  H.  Randlett  was  chosen  vice-president; 
James  M.  Nutt,  secretary ;  Benjamin  J.  Robinson,  William 
H.  Gate  and  Charles  Davis,  prudential  committee.  In 
1866  Benjamin  J.  Robinson  succeeded  Mr.  Nutt  as  vice- 
president,  and  Joseph  W.  Bean,  Stevens  James  and  L.  W. 
Nourse  were  elected  prudential  committee.  The  next  year 
John  S.  Folsom  became  vice-president  and  D.  D.  Goodwin 
succeeded  Mr.  Nourse  as  a  member  of  the  prudential  com 
mittee.  In  1868  Joseph  W.  Bean  was  chosen  vice-presi 
dent  and  W.  H.  Gate  became  a  member  of  the  prudential 
committee  in  place  of  Mr.  Goodwin,  and  there  was  no 
change  in  the  next  year.  In  1870  C.  C.  Frost  was  elected 
president ;  Oscar  M.  Titus,  vice-president ;  Will  C.  Morse, 
secretary ;  John  S.  Folsom,  treasurer ;  C.  C.  Frost,  Timon 
M.  Morse  and  Oscar  M.  Titus,  prudential  committee. 

The  last  record  of  this  society  is  dated  March  29,  1871, 
and  on  that  day  it  was  [succeeded  by  the  Merrimack-street 
Freewill  Baptist  Society,  the  same  organization  with  a 
change  of  name  induced  by  the  removal  of  the  church  and 
society  about  this  time  to  their  old  house  of  worship  on  the 
corner  of  Merrimack  and  Chestnut  streets.  Their  officers 
were  elected  March  31,  as  follows:  C.  C.  Frost,  president ; 


MERRIMACK-STREET  FREE  BAPTIST  CHURCH.        191 

Timon  M.  Morse,  vice-president ;  James  M.  Clough,  secre 
tary  ;  Oscar  M.  Titus,  treasurer  ;  Charles  Davis,  George  A. 
Bailey  and  George  H.  Kenniston,  prudential  committee. 
The  latter  were  succeeded  in  1872  by  B.  J.  Robinson,  George 
S.  Holmes  and  Charles  Davis.  There  was  no  change  in 

1873,  and  in  1874  C.  C.  Frost  was  chosen  president ;  Ti 
mon  M.  Morse,  vice-president;   Joseph  E.  Merrill,  secre 
tary  ;  George  A.  Bailey,  treasurer ;  Charles  Davis,  George 
S.  Holmes  and  Timon  M.  Morse,  prudential  committee.    In 
1875  Joseph  W.  Bean  was  elected  vice-president ;  Will  C. 
Morse,  treasurer ;    Charles   Davis,  Joseph   W.   Bean   and 
Benjamin  J.  Robinson,  prudential  committee. 

The  church  remained  but  a  few  months  in  the  old  house 
and  then  declined,  holding  irregular  meetings  at  the  houses 
of  the  members,  till  1873,  when  regular  service  was  begun 
in  the  hall  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  in 
Masonic  Temple.  The  Rev.  Samuel  McKeown  was  in 
stalled  as  pastor  July  2,  1873.  In  1874,  gathering  num 
bers  and  strength,  they  returned  once  more  to  their  first 
home  and  in  April  of  that  year  bought  the  house  and  lot 
of  Col.  Waterman  Smith,  who  had  acquired  them  from  the 
Unitarians.  The  church  had  assumed  the  name  of  the 
Merrimack-street  Freewill  Baptist  Church  in  1871,  and  in 

1874,  in   conformity  to  a  new  usage,  changed  the  title  of 
Freewill  Baptist  to  that  of  Free  Baptist.     Mr.  McKeown 
resigned  July  1,  1874,  and  the  Rev.  George  M.  Park  be 
came  pastor  in  November  of  that  year.     The  church  has 
about  fifty  members,  and  the  real  estate  is  estimated  to  be 
worth  twelve  thousand  dollars.     There  are  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five   members  of  the  Sunday-school,  of  which 
George  S.  Holmes  is  superintendent,  and  Joseph  E,  Walker 
assistant  superintendent. 


192  MANCHESTER. 

SECOND  ADVENT  CHURCH. 

Believers  in  the  doctrine  of  what  is  known  as  the  "  sec 
ond  advent"  probably  held  services  in  Manchester  as  early 
as  1843  and  have  continued  them  nearly  all  the  time  since, 
worshiping  in  Granite  hall,  Merrimack  hall,  in  halls  in  the 
Museum  building  and  in  Merchants'  Exchange,  in  other 
places  and  now  in  Martin's  hall.  They  can  hardly  be  said 
to  have  had  any  settled  pastor,  and  notlill  1870  any  organ 
ization.  On  the  first  of  August  of  that  year,  after  a  pre 
liminary  meeting  in  July,  they  formed  a  society  on  the 
basis  of  a  belief  in  the  speedy  coming  of  Christ  and  the 
adoption  of  the  New  Testament  as  a  rule  of  life,  making 
Christian  character  the  only  test  of  membership. 

At  a  meeting  held  August  8,  1870,  a  committee,  which 
serves  the  purposes  of  a  board  of  directors,  was  chosen, 
consisting  of  Andrew  J.  Mayhew,  Elisha  Slager  and  Or 
lando  Proctor.  James  W.  C.  Pickering  was  elected  treas 
urer  and  Enos  C.  Hewlett  and  William  A.  Lovejoy"  were 
created  deacons,  Marshall  J.  Kendrick  being  joined  with 
them  in  the  office,  June  8,  1872.  All  these  officers  contin 
ued  through  1871  and  1872.  At  the  annual  meeting  in 
1873  L.  H.  Summers  was  chosen  as  secretary  and  treas 
urer  and  John  Wilson  took  Mr.  Proctor's  place  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  committee.  April  2,  1873,  M.  B.  Harvey  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  committee  to  succeed  Mr.  Slager. 
At  the  annual  meeting  of  1874  Andrew  J.  Mayhew,  S.  S. 
Hatch  and  Henry  J.  Hicks  were  chosen  the  committee,  and 
the  latter  became  secretary  and  treasurer.  In  1875  these 
were  succeeded  as  members  of  the  committee  by  Elisha 
Slager,  William  A.  Lovejoy  and  S.  S.  Hatch.  There  is  a 
Sunday-school  of  seventy-five  members  connected  with  the 
church,  of  which  Albert  J.  Sawyer  is  superintendent  and 
Benjamin  Flanders  is  assistant  superintendent. 


FIRST  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH.  193 

FIRST  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH. 

On  Wednesday  evening,  September  21,  1870,  those  who 
were  interested  in  the  formation  of  a  society  according  to 
the  faith  of  those  who  deem  the  name  "  Christian  "  suffi 
ciently  indicative  of  religious  belief  met,  according  to  pre 
vious  notice,  in  Whitney's  hall  in  Ferren's  building,  and 
were  called  to  order  by  J.  W.  Wallace.  It  was  decided  to 
form  a  society,  and  G.  W.  Hancock,  W.  H.  Gate  and  J.  W. 
Wallace  were  chosen  to  draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws. 
On  the  nineteenth  of  the  next  month  they  met  again  and 
were  organized  as  the  First  Christian  Society  of  Manches 
ter,  adopting  a  constitution  and  choosing  W.  H.  Gate  presi 
dent,  J.  M.  Nutt  vice-president,  J.  W.  Wallace  secretary 
and  treasurer,  and  Cyrus  Fenderson,  Joseph  Alsop  and 
Noah  Kenaston  a  prudential  committee.  The  next  year 
Elijah  Rollins  was  chosen  president,  and  Noah  Kenaston 
vice-president.  W.  H.  Gate  was  made  treasurer  and  has 
continued  such  till  the  present  time,  while  J.  W.  Wallace 
remained  secretary  and  Mr.  Kenaston 's  place  on  the  pru 
dential  committee  was  filled  by  Alanson  Walker.  In  1872 
the  only  change  was  in  the  prudential  committee,  Mr.  Fen 
derson  and  Mr.  Wallace  giving  place  to  J.  M.  Nutt  and  Al- 
pheus  Crosby.  In  November,  1872,  however,  upon  the  de 
cease  of  Mr.  Rollins,  J.  M.  Nutt  was  appointed  president. 
He  continued  in  office  in  1873,  and  Albert  Gregory  was 
elected  vice-president ;  Abraham  Alderson,  secretary  ;  and 
J.  W.  Wallace,  Edward  Cogswell  and  John  B.  BicKford,  pru 
dential  committee.  Mr.  Alderson  resigned  July  15,  1873, 
and  was  succeeded  by  the  present  secretary.  N.  A.  Robin 
son.  In  1874  J.  M.  Nutt  was  chosen  president ;  Alpheus 
Crosby,  vice-president;  and  Samuel  Amsden,  J.  A.  Carr  and 
Frank  E.  Mason,  prudential  committee.  In  1875  Alpheus 
Crosby  became  president ;  John  B.  Bickford,  vice-presi 
dent  ;  James  M.  Nutt,  secretary  ;  John  A.  Carr,  C.  A.  Mc- 
Kelvie  and  Milton  Proctor,  prudential  committee. 


194  MANCHESTER. 

Men  and  women  interested  in  what  is  technically  known 
as  the  "  Christian"  belief  held  meetings  for  religious  pur 
poses  in  Whitney's  hall  from  August,  1870,  till  October, 
1871,  being  supplied  during  that  time  by  occasional  preach 
ers.  January  15,  1871,  some  of  them,  meeting  in  the  hall 
for  the  purpose,  adopted  a  constitution  and  were  organized 
as  the  First  Christian  Church  of  Manchester,  W.  H.  Gate 
acting  as  clerk.  At  a  meeting  held  January  25,  he  was 
elected  clerk  and  treasurer  and  remains  such  still.  On 
the  fifteenth  of  the  next  month  Noah  Kenaston  and  James 
M.  Nutt  were  chosen  deacons.  The  Rev.  0.  J.  Hancock  was 
the  first  settled  pastor,  coming  to  the  charge  of  the  church 
August  6,  1871.  The  next  month  the  latter  had  outgrown 
its  first  quarters  and  began  worship  in  the  city  hall.  Mr. 
Hancock  left  the  church  August  28,  1872,  becoming,  a  few 
months  later,  superintendent  of  the  Young  Men's  Chris 
tian  Association  of  this  city.  He  was  succeeded  January 
5,  1873,  by  the  present  pastor,  the  Rev.  Elisha  H.  Wright. 
The  society  owns  no  real  estate,  but  leases  the  city  hall  as 
a  place  of  worship.  The  church  has  a  membership  of  one 
hundred  and  two,  while  the  Sunday-school  has  a  total  at 
tendance  of  two  hundred.  The  superintendent  of  the  lat 
ter  is  W.  H.  Gate,  and  the  assistant  superintendent  Alfred 
B.  Richardson. 

ROMAN    CATHOLIC    CHURCHES. 

In  July  of  1844  the  Rev.  William  McDonald  came  to 
Manchester  to  assume  the  charge  in  spiritual  matters  of 
the  six  hundred  Roman  Catholics  in  the  city.  They  began 
worship  the  next  year  in  Granite  hall,  and  four  years  later 
began  the-  erection  of  a  brick  church  on  the  southeast  cor 
ner  of  Merrimack  and  Union  streets,  known  as  St.  Ann's. 
After  they  had  begun  to  hold  services  in  it,  it  was  found  to 
be  unsafe  and  they  were  compelled  to  take  it  down  and  re- 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCHES.  195 

build  it.  The  property,  including  a  parsonage,  is  now  val- 
ved  at  sixty  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  McDonald  still  remains 
the  priest  of  St.  Ann's  and  is  at  present  assisted  by  the 
Rev.  John  Powers. 

With  succeeding  years  the  numbers  of  the  denomination 
were  multiplied  and  the  Rev.  John  O'Brien  became  an  as 
sistant  to  Mr.  McDonald.  At  length  the  increase  justified 
the  forming  of  another  congregation  and  in  1869  St.  Jo 
seph's  church  was  built  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Lowell 
and  Pine  streets,  being  dedicated  April  18,  1869.  The 
church  and  the  parsonage  are  valued  at  eighty  thousand 
dollars.  Mr.  O'Brien  has  continued  as  priest  of  the  con 
gregation. 

Among  the  features  of  the  city's  growth  has  been  the  in 
crease  of  its  Canadian-French  inhabitants,  who  are  attracted 
by  the  prospect  of  work  in  the  manufactories.  They  are  in 
general  of  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  they  were  organ 
ized  by  themselves  in  1871  under  the  charge  of  the  Rev. 
J.  A.  Chevalier,  and  two  years  later,  after  occupying  the 
church  on  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Chestnut  streets 
for  a  time,  they  built  a  church  on  the  southwest  corner  of 
Beech  and  Spruce  streets,  called  St.  Augustine's,  which, 
with  the  parsonage,  is  considered  worth  sixty  thousand  'dol 
lars.  It  was  dedicated  November  27,  1873.  Mr.  Chevalier 
has  continued  with  the  church  since  its  formation. 

There  is  also  supported  by  the  Roman  Catholics  what  is 
known  as  the  "  Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,"  which  oc 
cupies  a  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Union  and  Laurel 
streets  and  was  instituted  in  July,  1858.  Mary  Francis 
Xavier  Warde  is  the  "mother  superior,"  and  there  are  con 
nected  with  it  about  forty  nuns.  Within  its  enclosure  was 
started  in  April,  1870,  an  orphan  asylum,  which  was  mov%d 
after  four  years  to  the  "Harris  estate,"  which  occupies  nearly 
the  whole  square  bounded  by  Pine,  Hanover,  Amherst  and 
Union  streets,  and  was  bought  for  fifty  thousand  dollars. 


196  MANCHESTER. 

About  fifty  orphans  are  generally  supported  there,  employ 
ing  seven  nuns  in  their  care. 

The  Roman  Catholics  of  Manchester  own  three  churches 
and  parsonages,  the  orphan  asylum  and  lot,  two  school- 
houses  and  lots,  besides  the  convent  and  other  buildings  on 
the  square  bounded  by  Union,  Laurel,  Beech  and  Merri- 
mack  streets,  nearly  all  of  which  is  theirs,  a  lot  on  the 
corner  of  Merrimack  and  Chestnut  streets  and  two  other 
pieces  of  land  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city  proper. 
The  land  and  buildings  aggregate  in  value,  at  a  rough  esti 
mate,  over  three  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

THE    ARCHITECTURE    OP   THE    CHURCHES. 

The  church  buildings,  as  a  general  thing,  were  erected 
not  far  from  1839  and  1840,  when  religion  was  in  haste  to 
get  a  foothold  upon  the  soil  which  was  being  so  rapidly  occu 
pied  by  secular  enterprise,  and,  though  well  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  that  day,  are  not  remarkable  for  grace  and  beauty. 
Some  of  them  are  too  small,  others  correspond  ill  with  the 
present  condition  of  the  societies  which  own  them,  and  the 
general  appearance  of  nearly  all  of  them  points  to  the  past. 
Five,  however,  are  of  more  modern  date. 

Of  these  the  oldest  is  Grace  church,  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Lowell  and  Pine  streets,  which  was  built  of  stone 
to  take  the  place  of  one  called  St.  Michael's,  which  was 
owned  by  the  same  Episcopal  parish  and  which  stood  upon 
the  same  spot.  It  is  a  model  in  architectural  proportions 
and  was  built  chiefly  through  the  instrumentality  of  the 
Rev.  I.  G.  Hubbard,  then  rector  of  the  church,  a  man  of 
great  energy  and  thorough  devotion  to  the  Episcopal  faith. 
Tfte  corner-stone  was  laid  on  the  fifth  of  June,  1860,  and 
the  church  was  consecrated  on  the  fourth  of  December  of 
the  same  year.  The  building  committee  consisted  of  the 
Rev.  I.  G.  Hubbard,  B.  F.  Martin,  T.  Wiggin  Little  and 


THE  ARCHITECTURE  OP  THE  CHURCHES.  197 

George  A.  French.  It  is  one  hundred  feet  long,  on  Lowell 
street,  and  forty-five  feet  wide,  on  Pine  street;  forty  feet 
high,  from  floor  to  ridge;  with  a  tower  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  high.  It  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style,  of  un- 
coursed  stone-work,  with  slated  roof,  and  furnished  with 
ornamental  bronze-plated  doors,  made  after  designs  by  R. 
H.  Slack  of  Boston,  and  has  capacity  for  seating  five  hun 
dred  persons.  The  organ-room  is  in  the  tower,  on  the 
southeast  corner,  and  the  robing-room  is  just  across  the 
chancel.  The  original  plans,  drawn  by  Richard  Upjohn  of 
New  York,  contemplated  a  chapel  on  the  northern  side, 
which  has  never  been  built.  The  church  is  furnished 
throughout  with  windows  of  stained  glass,  has  an  apsidai 
chancel  with  three  double  lancet  windows  of  cathedral 
glass,  and  is  finished  inside  with  black  walnut.  The  in 
terior  has  been  handsomely  frescoed  in  polychrome,  the 
chancel  in  1872,  through  the  liberality  of  Col.  B.  F.  Martin 
and  the  Hon.  George  B.  Chandler,  and  the  nave  in  1874  at 
the  expense  of  Col.  Martin  alone,  who  also  gave  the  church 
its  costly  chandeliers. 

Curiously,  the  next  church  built  was  St.  Joseph's,  just 
across  the  way,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Lowell  and  Pine 
streets.  It  was  dedicated  April  28,  1869,  is  the  largest 
church  in  the  city  and  the  largest  and  most  costly  lioman 
Catholic  church  in  the  state.  The  church  is  built  of  brick, 
one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  feet  long  and  seventy  feet 
wide,  with  a  vestry  on  the  north-east  corner,  twenty-three 
feet  in  width  and  twenty-five  in  length,  and  a  chapel  on  the 
southeast  corner,  twenty-three  feet  wide  and  fifty  feet  long. 
Its  total  length  is  thus  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet 
and  the  rear  part  is  a  hundred  feet  in  length  from  north  to 
south.  The  latter  is  two  stories  high  and  thus  affords  rooms 
for  the  Sunday-school  and  for  general  use.  The  height  of 
the  church,  from  floor  to  ridge,  is  thirty-five  feet.  In  front 
is  a  tower,  twenty-five  feet  square  at  the  base,  one  hundred 


1 98  MANCHESTER. 

and  sixty-five  feet  high,  and  surmounted  by  a  gilded  cross. 
The  roof  is  supported  by  twelve  pillars  with  carved  rafters. 
On  each  side  of  the  house  are  twelve  duplicate  windows  of 
stained  glass,  besides  dormer  windows  in  the  roof,  and  eight 
in  the  chapel,  in  addition  to  others.  At  the  eastern  end,  be 
hind  the  elegant  altar,  is  a  triple  chancel  colored  window, 
elaborately  pictured,  whose  central  figure  is  the  Virgin 
Mary,  while  on  the  right  are  the  Holy  Family  and  on  the 
left  the  mother  of  the  Saviour  teaching  her  child  the  Scrip 
tures.  The  walls  and  ceiling  are  handsomely  frescoed  and 
the  former  are  hung  with  pictures.  The  church  contains 
two  hundred  and  twelve  pews,  thus  affording  seats  for  thir 
teen  hundred  people,  outside  of  the  gallery  in  the  front, 
while  the  chapel  has  seats,  in  sight  of  the  altar,  for  three 
hundred  more.  The  church  and  land  cost  about  seventy- 
five  thousand  dollars,  besides  the  organ,  which  cost  five 
thousand.  The  architect  was  P.  C.  Keeley  of  New  York. 

The  First  Unitarian  society  dedicated,  May  1,  1872,  a 
house  of  worship  to  take  the  place  of  the  one  which  they 
obtained  by  exchange  with  the  Freewill  Baptists  in  1859, 
and  which  they  had  outgrown.  It  is  situated  on  the  north 
west  corner  of  Concord  and  Beech  streets,  and  is  built  of 
brick  in  the  English  decorated  style  and  in  the  form  of  a 
cross.  t  The  audience-room  is  seventy-six  feet  long,  seventy 
feet  across  through  the  transept  and  forty-five  feet  through 
the  nave,  with  a  chapel  in  the  rear,  sixty-five  feet  long  and 
thirty-five  feet  wide,  connected  with  which  are  the  ladies' 
parlor,  the  pastor's  study  and  a  kitchen.  The  interior  of 
the  church  is  ornamented  with  columns,  from  whose  capi 
tals  arches  spring  nearly  to  the  apex  of  the  roof.  The 
whole  is  finished  in  asli  and  walnut,  the  organ-case  and 
desk  being  of  solid  black  walnut,  and  the  windows  are  of 
stained  glass.  The  total  cost  of  the  church,  exclusive  of 
land,  was  thirty-five  thousand  dollars.  The  architect  was 
George  E.  Dickey  of  this  city  and  the  building  committee 


THE  ARCHITECTURE  OF  THE  CHURCHES.  199 

consisted  of  Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  Elijah  M.  Tubbs,  Clinton  W. 
Stanley,  Abraham  P.  Olzendam,  David  B.  Varney,  Charles 
L.  Richardson  and  Nathaniel  W.  Cumner. 

The  fire  of  July  8,  1870,  which  entailed  loss  upon  so 
many  people,  was  to  none  so  great  a  blessing  as  to  the 
members  of  the  First  Baptist  society.  Their  church,  then 
thirty  years  old,  was  burned  to  the  ground,  but  in  less  than 
three  years  another,  which  far  surpassed  it  in  convenience, 
elegance  and  value,  arose  to  take  its  place.  Its  corner 
stone  was  laid  July  15,  1871,  and  it  was  dedicated  April 
30,  1873.  It  is  situated  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Con 
cord  and  Union  streets,  upon  land  bought  of  George  W. 
Morrison  and  David  P.  Perkins  for  three  thousand  dollars. 
It  was  built  in  the  pure  Romanesque  style  of  architecture, 
of  brick  trimmed  with  white  granite,  and  is  one  hundred 
and  fourteen  feet  long,  seventy-four  feet  wide,  and  eighty 
feet  from  floor  to  ridge.  On  the  southeast  corner  is  a 
ventilating-tower  one  hundred  feet  high,  and  on  the  north 
east  corner  a  bell-tower,  twenty-two  feet  square  at  the  base 
and  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  high,  surmounted 
by  a  large  cross.  The  windows  are  of  ground  glass  with 
stained  borders  and  the  roof  is  slated,  with  ornamental 
railings  running  on  the  tops  of  the  ridges.  On  the  first 
floor  is  the  vestry,  with  parlors  and  kitchen.  On  the  sec 
ond  is  the  audience-room,  eighty  feet  long  and  sixty  feet 
wide,  with  black  walnut  pews  which  contain  seats  for  a 
thousand  persons.  Back  of  the  desk  is  a  recess  for  the  or 
gan,  on  one  side  of  which  is  a  room  for  the  use  of  the  choir 
and  on  the  other  the  pastor's  study,  and  there  is  a  gallery 
at  the  eastern  end.  The  interior  is  becomingly  frescoed, 
and  the  ceiling  is  in  the  form  of  a  segmental  arch.  The 
church  cost  not  far  from  sixty-one  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars ;  the  organ,  which  contains  thirteen  hundred  and 
seventy-two  pipes,  cost  forty-five  hundred  dollars:  and  the 
bell,  which  weighs  about  a  ton,  cost  a  thousand  dollars  and 


200  MANCHESTER. 

is  inscribed  with  the  names  of  its  givers — Deacon  Seth  J. 
Sanborn  and  Deacon  Orison  Hardy.  The  architect  of  the 
church  was  William  H.  Myers  and  the  building  committee 
consisted  of  Joseph  B.  Clark,  William  H.  Wilson,  Ephraim 
S.  Peabody,  Joseph  E.  Bennett,  Charles  Brown  and  Otis 
Barton. 

In  1873  the  French  Roman  Catholics,  who  had  been  wor 
shiping  in  buildings  which  they  rented  of  others,  had  in 
creased  to  such  an  extent,  under  the  ministrations  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Chevalier,  that  it  was  resolved  to  build  a  church 
of  their  own.  The  resolution  was  carried  into  effect  and 
the  church  was  dedicated  November  27,  1873.  It  is  built 
of  brick,  in  the  English  Gothic  style,  in  the  form  of  a  cross, 
and  is  situated  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Spruce  and 
Beech  streets.  It  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet 
through  the  nave,  fifty-six  feet  through  the  transept,  with 
a  tower  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  high.  It  contains  a 
handsome  altar,  the  walls  are  frescoed  and  the  chancel  is 
adorned  with  the  usual  pictures.  It  contains  one  hundred 
and  seventy  pews,  affording  seals  for  about  a  thousand 
people.  The  windows  are  of  stained  glass  and  each  one 
contains  the  picture  of  a  saint.  These  were  the  gifts  of 
individuals  of  the  congregation.  The  cost  of  the  church 
was  about  forty  thousand  dollars  and  the  architect  was 
George  E.  Dickey  of  this  city. 

YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

On  the  twenty-fourth  of  February,  1854,  the  young  men 
of  the  several  u  evangelical "  churches  of  the  city  were  in 
vited  to  meet  on  the  third  of  the  next  month  to  consult 
and  take  action  in  reference  to  "  making  systematic  Chris 
tian  effort  to  help  young  men  and  uniting  in  a  closer  bond 
Christians  of  different  denominations."  The  call  was 
signed  by  the  following :  Samuel  Gould,  Abrain  Brigham, 


/         fc  2  r 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION.  201 

Alfred  B.  Soule,  John  C.  Tasker,  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  John 
M.  Sawyer,  William  Grey,  Davis  Baker,  William  C.  Kim- 
ball,  Edward  A.  Jenks,  Samuel  A.  Hood,  Nathaniel  Her- 
rick,  James  0.  Adams,  John  Paige,  Charles  Hosmer,  C.  C. 
Keniston,  George  W.  Stevens,  I.  G.  Hubbard,  W.  D.  Buck, 
C.  P.  Bradbury,  William  Hartshorn. 

In  accordance  with  that  invitation  a  meeting  was  held  at 
that  time  at  the  vestry  of  the  First  Congregational  church 
and  was  called  to  order  by  Samuel  Gould.  Abram  Brig- 
ham  was  chosen  chairman,  and  John  M.  Sawyer  secretary. 
It  was  voted  to  form  an  association  for  the  purposes  named 
in  the  call  and  a  committee  was  chosen  to  draft  a  constitu 
tion.  At  a  meeting  held  March  17,  in  the  vestry  of  the 
Franklin-street  church,  this  was  adopted  and  officers  were 
chosen  as  follows  :  William  G.  Means,  president ;  John  E. 
Tasker  and  E.  B.  Merrill,  vice-presidents  :  J.  S.  Harriman, 
recording  secretary  ;  J.  M.  Coburn,  corresponding  secre 
tary ;  Alfred  B.  Soule,  treasurer;  J.  D.  Jones,  librarian  ;  be 
sides  one  director  from  each  of  the  "evangelical"  churches 
in  the  city.  At  the  first  annual  meeting,  May  15,  1854, 
these  were  re-elected. 

The  association  held  meetings  at  the  vestries  of  several 
churches  till  June,  when  it  occupied  the  hall  in  Patten's 
block  for  a  place  of  meeting  and  a  reading-room.  January 
20,  1855,  it  met  for  the  first  time  in  a  hall  in  Smyth's 
block,  which  had  just  been  built  by  William  Patten,  Fred 
erick  Smyth  and  Daniel  W.  Fling.  The  hall  was  in  the 
third  story  and  next  to  Spring  street. 

In  1855  Elisha  Adams  was  elected  president ;  J.  C.  Wing 
and  Abraham  Burton,  vice-presidents ;  Samuel  Upton,  re 
cording  secretary ;  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  corresponding  sec 
retary  ;  Alfred  B.  Soule,  treasurer ;  Sylvanus  Bunton,  li 
brarian. 

The  next  year  the  president  was  John  P.  Newell ;  vice- 
presidents,  W.  H.  Gilmore  and  J.  U.  Farnham ;  recording 

13 


202  MANCHESTER. 

secretary,  Justus  D.  Watson ;  corresponding  secretary,  E. 
B.  Merrill ;  treasurer,  John  M.  Sawyer  ;  librarian,  Sylva- 
nus  Bunion.  In  1857  Samuel  Upton  was  chosen  presi 
dent;  Justus  D.  Watson  and  George  Holbrook,  vice-presi 
dents  ;  J.  U.  Farnham,  recording  secretary  ;  Lyman  Marsh 
all,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Sylvanus  Bunton,  treasurer 
and  librarian. 

In  1858  the  officers  were  :  Justus  D.  Watson,  president ; 
George  Holbrook  and  D.  B.  Nelson,  vice-presidents  ;  H.  C. 
Bullard,  recording  secretary ;  Henry  Hill,  corresponding 
secretary  ;  Sylvanus  Bunton,  treasurer  and  librarian.  The 
next  year  Silas  Hamilton  was  elected  president;  D.  W. 
Davis  and  Wallace  L.  Rogers,  vice-presidents ;  George  E. 
Fisher,  recording  secretary ;  George  A.  Bowman,  corres 
ponding  secretary ;  Samuel  Upton,  treasurer  ;  Sylvanus 
Bunton,  librarian. 

In  1860  the  president  was  John  G.  Lane;  vice-presidents, 
Anson  C.  Coult  and  George  S.  Marshall ;  recording  secre 
tary,  John  M.  Sawyer ;  corresponding  secretary,  John  P. 
Newell ;  treasurer,  Holmes  R.  Pettee  ;  librarian,  Eben  Fer- 
ren.  During  that  year  the  association  gave  \\p  its  rooms 
in  Smyth's  block  and  moved  to  what  is  now  Whitney's 
hall  in  Ferren's  building.  A  new  constitution  was  adopted 
and  a  new  election  was  held  in  September,  which  resulted 
in  the  choice  of  the  existing  officers  with  the  exception  of 
vice-presidents  and  librarian;  W.  0.  Abbott  and  H.  C.  Bul 
lard  being  elected  to  the  former  office,  and  J.  N.  Childs  to 
the  latter. 

The  last  election  was  held  in  1861,  when  James  Stoop 
and  J.  McAllister  succeeded  to  the  office  of  vice-president, 
T.  P.  Kinsley  to  that  of  recording  secretary  and  J.  Nowell 
to  that  of  treasurer,  the  rest  of  the  officers  being*  re-elected. 
The  coming  on  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  hastened  the  de 
crease  of  the  association,  though  the  lack  of  means  had  al 
ready  crippled  it.  At  length,  March  3,  1862,  the  associa- 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION.  203 

tion  held  its  last  meeting,  when  it  appointed  J.  M.  Sawyer, 
J.  S.  Abbott  and  G.  W.  Rogers  a  committee  to  close  its  af 
fairs  and  report  to  its  officers.  The  latter  met  on  the  last 
day  of  March  and  appointed  George  W.  Rogers,  Holmes  R. 
Pettee,  James  Stoop,  J.  C.  Follansbee  and  John  D.  Patter 
son  a  board  of  trustees  to  have  charge  in  trust  of  the  prop 
erty  of  the  association.  Some  of  it  was  sold  to  pay  debts, 
some  was  kept  and  delivered  to  the  association  which  was 
formed  six  years  later,  some  of  the  papers  were  sent  to  the 
soldiers,  its  library  was  loaned  to  the  city  library  till  the 
new  association  was  formed  and  obtained  it,  and  its  records 
remain  in  the  hands  of  John  D.  Patterson,  who  was  ap 
pointed  at  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees,  November  3, 
1862,  to  assume  charge  of  all  the  association's  effects  and 
settle  all  its  bills. 

Six  years  later  the  idea  of  a  Young  Men's  Christian  As 
sociation  was  revived  and  a  meeting  of  those  who  were 
interested  in  its  formation  was  held  March  30,  1868,  in  the 
vestry  of  the  Franklin-street  church.  It  was  called  to  or 
der  by  John  D.  Patterson,  and  Marshall  P.  Hall  was  chosen 
secretary.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  draft  a  constitu 
tion,  which  was  reported  and  adopted  the  next  month,  and 
on  the  thirteenth  the  following  officers  were  elected  ;  Fran 
cis  W.  Parker,  president;  Richard  J.  P.  Goodwin,  vice- 
president;  Charles  L.  Bailey,  secretary  ;  Jasper  P.  George, 
treasurer  ;  John  P.  Newell,  librarian ;  George  Holbrook, 
auditor ;  and  a  board  of  directors,  one  from  each  church. 
The  first  annual  election  was  held  in  May  when  John  P. 
Newell  was  chosen  vice-president ;  Marshall  P.  Hall,  cor 
responding  secretary,  and  Eben  F.  Brown,  librarian,  the 
rest  continuing  in  office. 

In  1869  John  P.  Newell  was  elected  president  and  has 
held  the  office  ever  since ;  William  H.  Gate  was  chosen 
vice-president ;  Marshall  P.  Hall,  corresponding  secretary  ; 
A.  B.  Putnam,  recording  secretary ;  H.  B.  Sawyer,  treas- 


204  MANCHESTER. 

urer  ;  Frank  Buckminster,  librarian  ;  George  Holbrook,  au 
ditor.  There  were  but  two  changes  the  next  year,  Holmes 
R.  Pettee  becoming  recording  secretary,  and  Henry  B.  Fair 
banks  treasurer.  In  1871  the  vice-president  and  the  au 
ditor  changed  places  and  George  C.  Kemp  became  libra 
rian.  In  1872  Mr.  Pettee  was  succeeded  as  recording  sec 
retary  by  Warner  J.  Barton.  In  1873  the  office  of  corres 
ponding  secretary  was  abolished,  and  Charles  A.  Adams 
was  elected  secretary  ;  W.  H.  Gate,  treasurer;  and  John  C. 
Balch,  auditor.  In  1874  C.  A.  Davenport  was  elected  sec 
retary,  but  subsequently  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by 
James  M.  Mclntosh.  Holmes  R.  Pettee  became  treasurer 
and  Charles  A.  Adams  auditor. 

The  association's  rooms  were  at  first  in  Merchants'  Ex 
change  over  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Daniel  Clark,  but,  upon 
the  rebuilding  of  Masonic  Temple  after  the  fire  of  1870, 
the  association  moved  thither.  In  1872  the  Rev.  0.  J. 
Hancock,  who  had  just  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  Chris 
tian  church,  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  associa 
tion,  devoting  all  his  time  to  its  work.  He  held  the  office 
but  a  little  while  and  in  May  of  the  next  year,  when  the 
office  of  corresponding  secretary  was  abolished,  a  new  offi 
cer  was  appointed,  under  the  name  of  general  secretary,  to 
take  the  place  of  a  superintendent,  and  C.  P.  Wellman  was 
elected  to  that  position.  He  resigned  in  July,  and  the  next 
February  George  Murdough,  the  present  general  secretary, 
was  chosen  to  his  office.  The  association  has  now  about 
three  hundred  members  and  is  supported  by  the  contribu 
tions  of  the  churches  and  the  proceeds  of  an  annual  lec 
ture-course.  It  has  a  free  library  and  reading-room,  sus 
tains  religious  services  in  its  rooms,  at  the  jail  and  reform 
school,  and  in  the  suburban  districts.  The  old  church  in 
Piscataquog  village  was  bequeathed  to  it  in  trust  by  Mrs. 
Mary  P.  Harris,  and  under  its  auspices  services  are  con 
ducted  there  on  Sundays  by  the  clergymen  of  the  city. 


YOUNG  WOMEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION.         205 


There  had  long  been  established  an  association  designed 
to  be  of  service  to  the  young  men  of  the  city,  when,  in  1872, 
the  idea  was  conceived,  by  some  of  the  women  connected 
with  the  Franklin-street  church,  of  a  similar  society,  to  be 
composed  of  young  women  and  whose  object  should  be  to 
prove  beneficial  to  persons  of  the  same  sex.  Accordingly, 
September  23,  1872,  such  a  society  was  formed,  to  be 
known  as  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association.  At 
the  first  meeting  there  were  elected,  for  president,  Mrs. 
William  J.  Tucker  ;  vice-president,  Mrs.  David  Cross  ;  sec 
retary  and  treasurer,  Miss  Josie  A.  Bosher  ;  auditor,  Miss 
Alice  A.  Abbott ;  directors,  Mrs.  William  W.  Brown,  Miss 
Emma  J.  Lincoln,  Mrs.  Henry  B.  Fairbanks,  Miss  Jennie 
Paige,  Miss  Ellen  McCarrol,  Mrs.  Frederick  Smyth. 

The  officers  were  continued  through  the  next  year,  but 
in  1874  Mrs.  William  J.  Tucker  was  elected  president ; 
Mrs.  David  Cross,  vice-president ;  Miss  Josie  A.  Bosher, 
secretary  ;  Miss  Alice  A.  Abbott,  treasurer ;  Miss  Sarah  P. 
Howard,  auditor  ;  Mrs.  William  W.  Brown,  Miss  Fannie  E. 
Butman,  Miss  Mary  Emma  White,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Wadleigh, 
Miss  Anna  E.  Willard,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Scott,  directors.  One 
of  the  vestries  of  the  Franklin-street  church  was  obtained 
for  the  use  of  the  association.,  and,  by  the  efforts  of  the 
members,  the  contributions  of  funds  and  appropriations 
from  the  church,  the  room  has  been  supplied  with  books 
and  made  attractive  with  pictures,  a  number  of  newspapers 
and  periodicals  being  regularly  taken  and  kept  on  file  there. 
The  room  is  open  every  evening  and  all  young  women  in 
the  city  are  invited  to  make  it  their  home  for  the  time. 
Miss  Sarah  J.  Fitzpatrick  —  now  Mrs.  Thomas  Bailey — was 
appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  rooms  and  continued  as 
superintendent  till  June,  1874,  when  she  was  succeeded  by 
Mrs.  M.  J.  Buncher.  Since  the  latter's  accession  to  the 


206  MANCHESTER. 

office,  a  small  circulating  library  has  been  set  in  operation 
for  the  convenience  of  those  who  prefer  to  carry  books 
home  to  read.  The  room  is  very  pleasant  and  affords  an 
attractive  resort  for  young  women  who  are  strangers  in  the 
city  or  who  have  no  other  home  than  a  boarding-house. 

PISCATAQUOG  AID  SOCIETY. 

Out  of  a  "sewing-circle,"  which  had  enjoyed  for  a  number 
of  years  the  life  of  sewing-circles  in  general,  the  women  of 
Piscataquog  village  formed,  January  27,  1860,  the  Piscat- 
aquog  Aid  Society,  with  eighty  or  ninety  members,  whose 
objects  were  defined  to  be  the  "  promotion  of  social  and 
friendly  feeling  and  amusement  and  the  raising  of  funds 
to  aid  the  cause  of  benevolence."  It  was  controlled  en 
tirely  by  women,  though  men  were  admitted  to  member 
ship.  Its  meetings  were  held  at  the  old  academy  and  at 
the  houses  of  the  members,  and  its  funds  were  devoted, 
now  to  the  benefit  of  the  church,  and  now  to  the  relief  of 
the  poor.  During  the  war  it  did  good  service  in  making 
clothing  for  the  soldiers  at  the  front  and  those  in  the  hos 
pital  in  this  city. 

Its  first  president  was  Miss  Philinda  P.  Parker  ;  vice- 
president,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Riddle ;  secretary,  Miss  Ellen  B. 
French;  treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Fisher.  In  1861  Mrs.  C.  S. 
Fisher  became  president ;  Mrs.  Ira  Barr,  vice-president ; 
Miss  Mary  A.  Parker,  secretary;  and  Mrs.  Daniel  K.  Mack, 
treasurer.  These  were  re-elected  the  next  year.  In  1863 
Mrs.  Ira  Barr  was  elected  president;  Mrs.  Daniel  K.  Mack, 
vice-president ;  Miss  Lucy  M.  Rundlett,  secretary ;  and  Miss 
Philinda  P.  Parker,  treasurer.  These,  also,  were  re-elected 
to  serve  for  another  year.  In  1865  Mrs.  Charles  K.  Walker 
was  chosen  president ;  Mrs.  D.  B.  Eastman,  vice-president; 
Miss  Emilie  Parker,  secretary  ;  and  Mrs.  Edward  Bryant, 
treasurer. 


MANCHESTER  WOMEN'S  AID  AND  RELIEF  SOCIETY.      207 

Meetings  were  held  throughout  this  year,  but  there  is  no 
record  beyond  January  5,  1866,  and  the  society's  life  was 
temporarily  suspended,  to  be  re-awakened  in  1872,  when 
the  meetings  were  once  more  begun  and  have  since  been 
kept  up.  At  the  time  of  revival  Mrs.  John  Smith  was 
chosen  president ;  Mrs.  John  0.  Parker,  vice-president ; 
Miss  Lucy  M.  Rundlett,  secretary ;  Mrs.  Allen  N.  Clapp, 
treasurer.  In  1874  Mrs.  Smith  was  succeeded  as  president 
by  Mrs.  D.  K.  Mack,  and  Mrs.  Parker  as  vice-president  by 
Mrs.  N.  T.  Folsorn.  In  1875  Mrs.  N.  T.  Folsom  was  elected 
president ;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hartshorn,  vice-president ;  Miss 
Ellen  P.  Walker,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  society  has  now  about  «ne  hundred  members  and 
combines,  as  before,  benevolence  with  social  recreations. 
Social  meetings  are  held  -every  fortnight  and  the  society 
meets  twice  a  week  in  the  winter  for  work.  It  derives  its 
funds  from  assessments  upon  its  members  and  the  proceeds 
of  entertainments.  Its  beneficiaries  are  the  poor  of  Piscat- 
aquog  village,  a  large  number  of  its  inhabitants  being  op 
eratives  in  the  mills  across  the  river  and  out  of  work  in 
times  of  dull  business.  It  supplies  to  that  village  the  aid 
which  other  societies  afford  to  other  parts  of  the  city,  and 
does  a  praiseworthy  work. 

MANCHESTER   WOMEN'S   AID    AND   RELIEF   SOCIETY. 

The  depression  of  business  in  1873  and  1874  threw  many 
in  Manchester  out  of  employment  and  thus  added  to  the 
number  of  the  destitute,  so  that  at  the  close  of  1874  there 
was  more  suffering  from  poverty  in  the  city  than  for  many 
years  before.  No  organization  for  purely  charitable  pur 
poses  existed  and  the  only  approximation  to  relief  for  the 
poor  was  afforded  by  the  city  missionary,  the  time  and 
means  at  whose  command  were  totally  inadequate  to  im 
mediate  needs.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Tucker,  the  pastor  of  the 


208  MANCHESTER. 

Franklin-street  society,  enlisted  the  sympathies  of  some  of 
the  women  of  the  society  in  the  matter,  who  made  a  can 
vass  of  the  city  and  thus  revealed  to  what  extent  and  in 
what  extremity  destitution  prevailed. 

Their  labors  discovered  that  no  one  society  was  compe 
tent  for  the  relief  of  all  the  needy,  and  in  view  of  this  fact 
and  in  pursuance  of  a  belief  that  something  ought  at  once 
to  be  done,  a  circular  was  sent,  under  date  of  January  19, 
18T5,  to  representatives  of  all  the  Protestant  religious  soci 
eties  of  the  city,  inviting  them  to  meet  two  days  later  at 
the  residence  of  Mrs.  J.  G.  Cilley  to  assist  in  the  formation 
of  a  women's  society  for  charitable  purposes.  In  answer  to 
the  call  a  large  number  of  persons  met  at  the  place  ap 
pointed,  adopted  a  constitution  and  formed  an  organization 
under  the  name  of  the  Manchester  Women's  Aid  and  Re 
lief  Society,  electing  the  following  officers  :  president,  Mrs. 
B.  F.  Martin ;  vice-presidents,  Mrs.  P.  C.  Cheney,  Mrs. 
Phinehas  Adams,  Mrs.  John  S.  Kidder,  Mrs.  William  L. 
Killey,  Mrs.  Henry  C.  Reynolds,  Mrs.  Edson  Hill,  Mrs.  Is 
rael  Dow,  Mrs.  George  S.  Holmes,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Wood,  Mrs. 
A.  R.  Wright,  Mrs.  James  Dean  ;  secretary,  Miss  Olive 
Rand  ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Aretas  Blood  ;  directors,  Mrs.  James 
A.  Weston,  Mrs.  Lucien  B.  Clough,  Mrs.  W.  W.  Brown, 
Mrs.  John  B.  Clarke,  Mrs.  D.  B.  Varney,  Mrs.  Frederick 
Smyth,  Mrs.  Bradbury  P.  Cilley,  Mrs.  J.  G.  Cilley,  Mrs. 
George  B.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Moody  Currier,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Dan 
iels,  Mrs.  Frederick  C.  Dow,  Mrs.  George  A.  French,  Mrs. 
Samuel  P.  Jackson,  Mrs.  William  B.  Johnson,  Mrs.  Orison 
Hardy,  Mrs.  George  Holbrook,  Mrs.  Aaron  Ferren,  Mrs. 
Allen  N.  Clapp,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Herrick,  Mrs.  Joseph  F.  Ken- 
nard,  Mrs.  R.  M.  Miller,  Mrs.  William  B.  Webster,  Mrs. 
John  E.  Stearns,  Mrs.  George  W.  Riddle,  Mrs.  James 
Baldwin,  Mrs.  Thomas  Dunlap,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Lane,  Mrs.  Sam 
uel  Webber,  Mrs.  John  F.  Kennard. 

The  eleven  vice-presidents  are  chosen,  one  from  each  of 


<u..-t 


MANCHESTER  WOMEN'S  Am  AND  RELIEF  SOCIETY.      209 

the  religious  societies  of  the  place.  The  payment  of  fifty 
cents  annually  constitutes  any  woman  a  member  of  the  so 
ciety.  Any  person  may  become  an  honorary  member  by 
the  annual  payment  of  five  dollars,  and  any  person  may 
become  a  life  member  upon  payment  of  fifty  dollars.  The 
income  of  the  society  is  derived  from  these  sources  and  the 
life-membership  fees  are  invested  for  a  permanent  fund. 
The  society  has  divided  the  city  into  nineteen  districts  and 
assigned  directors  to  each  to  have  them  in  special  charge 
and  to  explore  them  for  cases  of  destitution.  In  the  first 
fortnight  of  its  existence  the  society  had  obtained,  with  no 
special  effort,  nearly  five  hundred  dollars,  and  now  rests 
upon  a  firm  footing.  It  supplies  a  want  which  has  always 
existed  in  the  city  but  never  in  such  proportions  as  at  the 
present  time. 


MISCELLANEOUS   SOCIETIES. 


ANCHESTER  is  a  city  adapted  by  the  conditions  of  its 
birth  and  growth  to  the  element  of  secret  societies, 
and  they  bad  here  an  early  start  and  have  grown 
vigorously  since.  The  more  prominent  secret  orders  are 
considered  by  themselves  in  this  chapter.  Different  temper 
ance  associations  early  took  root  but  have  withered  away, 
with  the  exception  of  those  recently  started.  Military  or 
ganizations,  of  one  kind  and  another,  have  always  been 
sustained.  Of  other  societies  there  is  no  limit,  each  year 
adding  to  the  number,  and  each  nationality  crystallizing  by 
inherent  tendencies  into  associations  peculiar  to  itself. 

• 

FREE   MASONS. 

The  history  of  Free  Masonry  in  Manchester  begins  in  the 
year  1845,  when  Lafayette  Lodge  was  removed  from  Bed 
ford,  the  place  of  its  nativity,  to  this  side  of  the  river,  and 
a  room  was  fitted  for  its  occupancy  in  the  attic  of  Dunck- 
lee's  block  over  the  "  old  family  store,"  now  kept  by  John 
M.  Chandler.  Within  two  years  it  had  so  prospered  as  to 
require  a  larger  and  better  hall,  which  was  found  in  the 
next  story,  and  was  dedicated  in  December,  1847,  by  the 
Grand  Lodge.  A  dinner  was  served  at  the  Manchester 
House  and  an  oration  was  delivered  by  Sylvanus  Cobb  of 
Boston.  This  was  the  only  Masonic  body  in  the  city  till 
September,  1847,  when  Mount  Horeb  Royal  Arch  Chapter 
began  its  existence. 


212  MANCHESTER. 

In  September,  1853,  Trinity  Commandry,  which  had  its 
birth  in  Hanover  and  after  some  years  came  to  its  death  in 
Lebanon,  found  its  resurrection  in  Manchester.  These 
three  Masonic  bodies  continued  to  hold  meetings  in  the 
hall  in  Duncklee's  block  till  April,  1856,  when  they  occu 
pied  a  hall  and  other  rooms  in  a  building  on  Hanover 
street,  to  which  this  circumstance  gave  the  name  of  Ma 
sonic  Temple.  The  burning  in  February  of  that  year  of 
the  hall  occupied  by  the  Odd  Fellows  gave  the  Masons  an 
opportunity  to  offer  them  the  use  of  their  own,  a  courtesy 
which  was  accepted,  and  which  was  returned  when  the 
great  fire  of  1870  swept  away  Masonic  Temple. 

In  September,  1856,  a  new  body  arose  under  the  name 
of  Adoniram  Council,  and  in  January  of  the  next  year 
Washington  Lodge  began  to  work  under  a  dispensation. 
In  May,  1863,  another  body  was  organized  under  the  title 
of  Winslow  Lewis  Lodge  of  Perfection,  John  D.  Patterson 
being  its  Thrice  Illustrious  Grand  Commander,  but  it  was 
found  best  to  surrender  its  charter  and  the  lodge  was  con 
solidated  with  Aaron  P.  Hughes  Lodge  of  Nashua.  This 
lodge  was  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Winslow  Lewis  of  Bos 
ton,  a  very  prominent  Mason  and  especially  in  connection 
with  the  "  Scottish  rites."  No  event  of  special  prominence 
occurred  in  the  Masonic  history  of  Manchester  till  July, 
1870,  when  the  Masonic  Temple  was  burned  to  the  ground, 
little  of  the  property  of  the  order  being  saved.  But  an 
other  soon  arose  upon  the  same  spot  to  take  its  place  and 
in  it  the  Masons  now  find  excellent  accommodations. 

The  latest  addition  to  the  Masonic  orders  in  the  city  was 
made  in  May,  1873,  when  Labarum  Council  of  Knights  of 
the  Illustrious  Order  of  Knights  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Rome 
and  of  Constantine  was  organized. 

Members  of  the  fraternity  in  Manchester  formed,  April 
14,  1874,  an  organization  under  the  name  of  the  Masonic 
Relief  Association,  whose  object  was  to  provide  for  the 


FREE  MASONS.  213 

families  of  members  after  the  death  of  the  latter.  It  af 
fords,  practically,  a  system  of  life  insurance  for  a  small 
amount,  with  simple  and  inexpensive  machinery,  a  person 
previously  designated  by  a  member  receiving,  upon  his 
death,  as  many  dollars  as  there  are  members  of  the  asso 
ciation.  When  the  first  death  occurred,  the  sum  due  from 
the  association  was  provided  by  the  initiation  fees  which 
all  had  paid  upon  joining,  and  an  assessment  of  a  dollar 
was  at  once  levied  upon  each  member,  thus  providing  the 
sum  needed  when  the  second  death  happened.  In  this 
way  the  sum  due,  when  a  death  occurs,  is  kept  on  hand  in 
readiness  for  immediate  payment. 

It  has  been  said  that  Lafayette  Lodge  had  its  birth  in 
Bedford.  The  first  record  of  the  steps  which  led  to  its 
formation  is  that  of  a  meeting  of  several  Masons  of  Bed 
ford  and  vicinity,  held  at  the  house  of  Thomas  Rundlett 
in  Bedford,  Marcli  4,  1824.  Mr.  Rundlett,  who  was  after 
wards  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  state,  lived  at 
that  time  upon  the  River  road,  not  far  from  what  is  now 
known  as  the  "  McGaw  place."  There  were  present  at  that 
meeting  Joseph  Colley,  Jonathan  Dowse,  Samuel  Chesman, 
John  Martin,  Adam  Smith,  jr.,  James  Darrah,  jr.,  Thomas 
Harris,  Thomas  Rundlett,  Otis  Batchelder,  John  Goffe, 
Adam  Gilmore,  Jesse  Richardson,  Mace  Moulton,  William 
P.  Riddle,  Lewis  F.  Harris,  Diocletian  Melvin,  James  Mc- 
Kean  Wilkins,  William  Wallace,  John  Langley,  Josiah 
Gordon,  John  Moore,  William  McDoel  Ferson,  and  Robert 
Dunlap.  A  few  of  these  men  were  not  Master  Masons  at 
the  time,  but  had  taken,  some  one  and  some  two  degrees 
in  Bible  Lodge  in  Goffstown.  There  are  of  these  but  two 
now  living — Gen.  William  P.  Riddle  of  Bedford,  and  John 
Langley. 

It  was  voted  at  this  meeting  to  annul  the  doings  of  all 
former  meetings,  whatever  they  may  have  been,  and  Robert 
Dunlap  was  chosen  the  first  Master  of  the  proposed  lodge  ; 


214  MANCHESTER. 

Thomas  Rundlett,  first  Senior  Warden ;  and  John  Moore, 
first  Junior  Warden.  At  the  same  time  it  was  voted  to 
accept  a  petition  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  state,  prepared 
by  James  McK.  Wilkins,  asking  for  the  establishment  of  a 
lodge  in  Bedford,  to  be  known  as  Lafayette  Lodge,  Number 
Forty-one.  The  name  was  adopted  in  honor  of  the  Mar 
quis  DeLafayette,  who  was  just  then  making  his  last  visit 
to  this  country.  The  petition  was  signed  by  all  present, 
with  the  exception  of  Samuel  Chesman,  Adam  Smith,  jr., 
Thomas  Harris,  John  Goffe,  Adam  Gilmore  and  John 
Langley,  and  with  the  addition  of  Joseph  A.  E.  Long, 
James  Harvell  and  Thomas  Pollard,  jr. 

The  petition,  endorsed  by  Bible  Lodge  in  Goffstown,  Be 
nevolent  Lodge  in  Milford  and  Blazing  Star  Lodge  in  Con 
cord,  was  presented  to  the  Grand  Lodge  at  its  session  in 
June  of  that  year,  and  a  letter  of  dispensation,  bearing 
date  June  9,  1824,  was  granted,  under  which  a  lodge  was 
formed  and  "  opened  in  the  first  degree  "  on  the  succeed 
ing  Monday.  At  that  time  the  election  of  officers  was 
proceeded  with  and  it  was  voted  to  hold  succeeding  meet 
ings  in  a  hall  over  a  store  in  Piscataquog  village,  owned  by 
Gen.  William  P.  Riddle,  and  which  stood  where  the  Amos- 
keag  brewery  is  now  situated.  On  the  first  day  of  Septem 
ber  of  the  same  year  the  lodge  was  formally  consecrated  by 
the  Grand  Lodge,  its  officers  installed  and  its  charter  re 
ceived.  A  procession  was  formed  which  marched  from  the 
hall  to  the  meeting-house  on  the  hill,  where  a  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  A.  E.  Long,  who  was  probably 
at  that  time  supplying  the  Presbyterian  church  there. 

For  four  years  the  lodge  prospered,  but  in  1828,  when 
the  war  against  Masonry  arose,  this  lodge,  in  common  with 
the  rest,  felt  its  effects,  no  man  being  initiated  into  its  mys 
teries  for  seventeen  years.  However,  the  lodge  held  its 
meetings,  elected  and  installed  its  officers  at  the  regular  in 
tervals,  and  preserved  its  life  till  its  removal  to  the  new 


FREE  MASONS. 


215 


town  across  the  river  in  August,  1845.  From  that  time  till 
the  present  its  record  has  been  one  of  prosperity,  and  little 
has  occurred  to  distinguish  its  life  from  that  of  the  other 
Masonic  bodies  in  the  city.  At  a  special  meeting  in  De 
cember,  1848,  Okah  Tubbee,  otherwise  known  as  William 
Chubbee,  a  chief  of  the  Choctaw  tribe  of  Indians  residing 
on  the  borders  of  Arkansas,  took  the  first  three  degrees  of 
Masonry  under  a  dispensation  for  that  purpose.  The  lodge 
has  now  about  three  hundred  members. 

The  following  have  been  Masters  of  the  lodge  since  its 
formation : 


1824-5.     Robert  Dunlap.  1850. 

1826.  John  Moore.  1851. 

1827.  Joseph  Colley.  1852. 

1828.  Diocletian  Melvin.  1853-4. 

1829.  Otis  Batchelder.  1855. 
1830-31.  Thomas  G.  Peckham.  1856. 

1832.  Thomas  Rundlett.  1857-8. 

1833.  Robert  Dunlap.  1859. 

1834.  John  Wells.  1860. 

1835.  Joseph  Colley.  1861. 
1836-8.     William  McD.  Ferson.  1862-4. 
1839-43.  Jonathan  Dowse.  1865-6. 
1844-5.     Robert  Dunlap.  1867-8. 

1846.  James  McK.  Wilkins.  1869. 

1847.  Daniel  Baleh.  1870-1. 

1848.  David  S.  Palmer.  1872-3. 

1849.  Monroe   G.   J.  Tewks-  1874. 

bury. 

Mount  Horeb  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Number  Eleven,  is 
the  next  in  order  of  institution,  beginning  its  existence 
September  1,  1847,  when  nine  Royal  Arch  Masons  of  this 
city  held  a  preliminary  meeting  and  chose  Daniel  Balch 
High  Priest,  receiving  a  dispensation  November  15,  1847, 
and  being  regularly  chartered  September  7,  1848.  The 
petition  for  the  charter  was  signed  by  Charles  W.  Adams, 
Daniel  C.  Gould,  Ira  Bliss,  Daniel  Balch,  William  Shep 
herd,  James  A.  Gregg,  David  S.  Palmer,  Leonard  Dakin, 
Ammon  Platt  and  James  H.  Fowler.  It  derives  its  name 
from  allusions  in  the  chapter  ceremonies  to  the  Mount 


James  Collins. 
Thomas  Rundlett. 
John  C.  Lyford. 
Albert  P.  Colby. 
John  F.  Duncklee. 
John  B.  Fish. 
Henry  T.  Mo  watt. 
John  B.  Fish. 
Ezra  Huntington. 
John  B.  Fish. 
Rufus  L.  Bartlett. 
Joseph  E.  Bennett. 
Charles  F.  Warren. 
William  B.  Lane. 
David  O.  Furnald. 
Alpheus  Gay. 
Frank  T.  E.  Richard 
son. 


216  MANCHESTER. 

Horeb  of  the  Holy  Land.  It  has  now  about  two  hundred 
and  twenty  members,  and  the  following  gives  the  names 
of  its  chief  officers,  with  the  title  of  Most  Excellent  High 
Priest,  and  the  dates  of  their  installation  : 

Daniel  Balch,  September    7,  1848. 

Theodore  T.  Abbot,  September  28,  1850. 

Isaac  C.  Flanders,  September  15,  1852. 

Albert  P.  Colby,  September  15,  1854. 

George  W.  Morrison,  September  28,  1855. 
Edward  W.  Harrington,     September  20,  1856. 

Zebina  Perry,  October  9,  1858. 

Daniel  C.  Gould,  September  28,  1859. 

John  B.  Fish,  October  3.  1860. 

Nathaniel  W.  Cumner,  October  8,'  1862. 

John  D.  Patterson,  October  19,  1864. 

Asahel  A.  Balch,  October  10,  1866. 

George  H.  True,  April  8, 1868. 

Joseph  E.  Bennett,  April  21,  1870. 

Joseph  Kidder,  April  23,  1872. 

Alpheus  Gay,  April  16,  1874. 

Trinity  Command vy  of  Knights  Templars  was  the  first 
commandry  in  the  state  and  the  year  of  its  first  organiza 
tion  antedates  that  of  Lafayette  Lodge,  though  it  was  not 
instituted  at  Manchester  till  1852.  The  commandries  are 
more  intimately  associated  than  any  other  of  the  Masonic 
orders,  in  their  history  and  ceremonies,  with  the  Christian 
religion  ;  the  Crusades,  in  which  the  Knights  Templars 
bore  so  prominent  a  part,  being  undertaken  to  gain  pos 
session  of  the  sepulchre  of  the  founder  of  that  faith ;  and 
in  accordance  with  this  religious  idea  the  commandry  in 
Manchester  derives  its  name.  It  was  first  chartered  as 
Trinity  Encampment,  March  24,  1824,  when  the  petition 
ers  were  James  Freeman  Dana,  James  Poole,  Timothy 
Kenrick,  Amos  Bugbee,  Ammi  B.  Young,  Alpheus  Baker, 
George  W.  Culver,  Henry  Hutchinson  and  George  E. 
Wales.  It  was  first  located  at  Hanover,  and,  several  years 
later,  was  removed  to  Lebanon.  There  it  continued  in  ex 
istence  till  about  1836,  when  it  sunk  in  the  general  depres 
sion  of  the  Masonic  interest.  At  the  last  meeting  of  which 
any  record  remains,  May  30,  1830,  Alpheus  Baker  was 


FREE  MASONS.  217 

elected  Commander.  Its  own  records  show  that  Timothy 
Kenrick,  who  had  been  elected  Commander  in  1827,  was 
re-elected  in  1828,  but  it  appears  from  the  meagre  records 
of  the  Grand  Encampment  that  Amos  Bugbee  was  Trinity's 
Commander  in  1829.  Its  own  records  make  no  mention  of 
any  occurrence  in  1829,  but  declare  Alpheus  Baker  elected 
Commander  in  1880.  There  is  no  means  of  knowing  who 
held  the  office  in  1881,  but  in  1882  Timothy  Kenrick  was 
present  in  the  Grand  Encampment  as  the  Commander  of 
Trinity,  and  by  the  returns  made  to  that  body  in  1838  Al 
pheus  Baker  was  named  as  commander.  It  was  repre 
sented  in  the  Grand  Encampment  by  an  inferior  officer  in 
1834,  that  body  holding  no  meeting  the  next  year,  and  in 
1836  and  1837  certain  of  its  members  were  chosen  officers 
of  the  Grand  Encampment,  and  there  the  record  ends. 

This  encampment,  together  with  DeWitt  Clinton  and 
Mount  Horeb  Encampments,  then  respectively  of  Ports 
mouth  and  Hopkinton,  which  had  been  already  organized, 
formed  in  1826  the  Grand  Encampment  of  the  state.  At 
a  meeting  of  the  latter  in  1827  it  was  resolved  to  desig 
nate  each  encampment  by  numbers  according  to  priority 
of  formation,  the  encampment  in  Hanover  thus  becoming 
Trinity  Encampment  Number  One.  It*  retained  this  title 
till  1873,  when  designation  by  numbers  was  abolished  by 
the  Grand  Encampment. 

In  the  fall  of  1851,  at  a  meeting  in  Manchester  of  former 
members  of  the  encampment,-  the  subject  of  re-organiza 
tion  was  discussed  and  subsequently  a  petition  was  drawn 
up  and  sent  to  the  General  Grand  Generalissimo  of  the 
United  States,  asking  permission  to  revive  the  deceased 
encampment  and  to  hold  it  in  the  city  of  Manchester.  The 
petition  was  signed  by  George  E.  Wales,  Jacob  Carter, 
Charles  W.  Adams,  Joshua  Blaisdell,  Daniel  C.  Gould, 
Timothy  Kenrick,  Calvin  Benton,  Brackett  L.  Greenough, 
Duty  Stickney  and  Elias  Frost.  It  was  received,  March  22, 

14 


218  MANCHESTER. 

1852,  by  the  officer  to  whom  it  was  sent,  who  held  that  he 
had  no  authority  to  revive  a  deceased  encampment,  but  he 
granted  the  petitioners  a  dispensation  to  open  and  hold  an 
encampment  in  Manchester  under  the  name  of  Trinity  En 
campment  Number  One,  which  they  accordingly  did,  ex 
pecting  that  their  original  charter  would  be  revived  at  the 
next  meeting  of  the  General  Grand  Encampment  of  the 
United  States.  When  this  body  met,  however,  it  issued  a 
new  charter  under  date  of  September  19,  1853,  which 
Trinity  Encampment  at  first  refused  to  accept,  and  subse 
quently  took  under  protest.  In  1856  it  assumed  the  name 
of  Commandryin  conformity  with  an  order  of  the  supreme 
body,  by  which  all  subordinate  encampments  were  thus 
designated.  Four  years  later,  in  accordance  with  the  com- 
mandry's  wishes  and  in  conformity  with  what  was  then 
deemed  the  policy  of  the  order,  the  Grand  Master  of  the 
United  States  declared  the  original  charter  revived  and 
restored  by  an  order  dated  March  23,  1860.  Thus,  from 
that  time  on,  the  commandry  has  been  held  by  virtue  of 
the  restored  charter,  the  charter  of  1853  being  preserved 
by  the  commandry  as  proof  of  its  right  to  an  existence 
from  1853  to  1860.  It  has  now  about  one  hundred  and 
eighty  members.  Its  Commanders  and  the  dates  of  their 
installation,  so  far  as  the  records  give  them,  follow : 

James  F.  Dana,  May  18,  1824. 

Timothy  Kenrick,  April  25,  1827. 

Alpheus  Baker,  May  3, 1830. 
Amos  Bugbee, 

Daniel  Balch,  March  22, 1852. 

Charles  W.  Adams,  October  16,  1856 

Daniel  C.  Gould,  November  12, 1857. 

Theodore  T.  Abbot,  October  14, 1859. 

John  S.  Kidder,  November  22,  I860. 

Isaac  C.  Flanders,  November  6,  1862. 
Edward  W.  Harrington,     November  2, 1864. 

John  D.  Patterson,  November  28,  1866. 

John  8.  Kidder,  November  20,  1868. 

Daniel  F.  Straw,  November  9,  1869. 

John  N.  Bruce,  November  22,  1872. 

Albert  Jackson,  November  11,  1873. 


FREE  MASONS.  219 

By  the  year  1856  the  Masons  had  increased  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  institution  of  a  second  lodge  seemed  advis 
able,  and  in  accordance  with  this  feeling  a  petition  for  a 
new  lodge  was  presented  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  state, 
signed  by  John  S.  Kidder,  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  Edward  W. 
Harrington,  Samuel  G.  Langley,  Samuel  W.  Jones,  Eben- 
ezer  H.  Davis,  Charles  Moore,  Caleb  Duxbury,  Wilbur  Gay, 
William  H.  Hill,  James  S.  Cheney,  Edson  C.  George,  James 
S.  Cogswell,  David  B.  Kibby,  George  W.  Morrison,  Charles 
W.  Adams,  DeLafayette  Robinson,  Nathaniel  W.  Cumner, 
Daniel  C.  Gould,  Andrew  W.  Thompson,  George  B.  Chan 
dler,  Samuel  H.  Edgerly,  Ira  Blis,s,  Jesse  F.  Angell,  Ira 
Stone,  Samuel  B.  Kidder  and  Daniel  W.  Fling.  A  dispen 
sation  was  granted  for  the  desired  purpose  by  the  Grand 
Master  on  the  first  of  January,  1857,  and  the  first  meeting 
of  the  lodge  was  held  on  the  tenth  of  the  same  month, 
when  John  S.  Kidder  was  chosen  Master.  It  was  granted 
a  charter  under  the  name  of  Washington  Lodge.  Number 
Sixty-one,  June  9,  1857,  when  Mr.  Kidder  was  succeeded 
as  Master  by  Edward  W.  Harrington.  As  the  first  lodge 
in  the  city  had  been  named  in  honor  of  the  French  hero, 
Lafayette,  it  was  deemed  fitting  that  the  second  should  be 
called  Washington  Lodge  in  honor  of  Lafayette's  friend 
and  companion  in  arms.  It  has  now  about  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  members.  Below  are  given  its  Masters 
and  the  years  of  their  installation. 

1857.      John  S.  Kidder.  1866.      Daniel  F.  Straw. 

1857.      Edward  W.  Harrington.  1867.       Clinton  W.  Stanley. 

1858-9.  Samuel  G-.  Langley.  1868.      Isaac  W.  Smith. 

1860-1.  John  S.  Kidder.    '  1869.       Joseph  Kidder. 

1862-3.  Nathaniel  VV.  Cumner.  1870-1.  Andrew  Bunton. 

1864.  Charles  Bunton.  1872-3.  Charles  H.  Bartlett. 

1865.  Lewis  W.  Clark.  1874.      Daniel  A.  Clifford. 

Adoniram  Council  Number  Three,  Royal  and  Select  Mas 
ters,  which  acquires  its  name  from  a  legendary  connection 
of  the  order  with  the  Adoniram  mentioned  in  the  Old  Tes 
tament,  was  granted  a  dispensation,  September  11, 1856,  by 


220  MANCHESTER. 

Grand  Puissant  Alexander  Hamilton  of  Connecticut.  It 
was  chartered,  September  27,  1857,  by  the  Grand  Council 
of  Connecticut,  the  original  charter  members  being  Daniel 
Balch,  Ira  Bliss  and  Moses  0.  Pearson.  Upon  the  forma 
tion  of  the  Grand  Council  of  New  Hampshire,  a  new  char 
ter  was  given,  under  date  of  June  11,  1862.  The  number 
of  members  is  about  two  hundred.  The  following,  with 
the  title  of  "Thrice  Illustrious  Grand  Master."  have  been 
its  highest  officers : 

1857-61.     Daniel  Balch.  1867-69.     John  Gillis. 

1862-63.     Moses  O.  Pearson.         1870-71.     George  H.  True. 
1864-66.     George  H.  True.  1872-73.     John  M.  Hayes. 

1874-75.     Henry  Lewis. 

Labarum  Council  of  Knights  of  the  Illustrious  Order  of 
Knights  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Rome  and  of  Constantine, 
Number  Ninety-four,  was  chartered  May  14,  1873,  and  is 
the  only  one  in  the  state.  There  are  Grand  Councils  of 
the  order  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Illinois,  and  the 
number  of  subordinate  councils  is  slowly  increasing  in  the 
country  at  large.  The  charter  members  of  Labarum  Coun 
cil  are  :  Joseph  W.  Fellows,  John  D.  Patterson,  Joseph  G. 
Edgerly,  Nathaniel  W.  Cumner,  Manchester;  John  A.  Har 
ris,  Abel  Hutchins,  Samuel  B.  Page,  Concord  ;  William 
Barrett,  Nashua;  Joseph  W.  Welch,  Dover;  Solon  A.  Car 
ter,  Keene.  Several  others  have  since  been  added.  Its 
chief  officer  is  Joseph  W.  Fellows,  with  the  title  of  Grand 
Sovereign,  who  is  also  deputy  in  this  state  for  the  Grand 
Imperial  Council  in  London,  England,  from  which  body  the 
charter  was  granted  directly.  The  head  of  the  order  is 
Earl  Bective,  with  the  title  of  Grand  Imperial  Sovereign, 
who  is  a  member  and  ardent  supporter  of  the  Masonic  fra 
ternity.  This  is  a  u  Christian  "  order  of  Knighthood,  con 
ferred  upon  Knights  Templars,  and  is  founded  upon  the 
legend  that  the  Roman  emperor  Constantine  saw  in  the 
sky  a  cross,  circumscribed  with  the  words,  "  In  Hoc  Signo 


ODD  FELLOWS.  221 

Vinces,"  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  at  Saxa  Rubra,  in  which 
the  emperor  was  victorious  and  on  which  the  fate  of  Chris 
tianity  for  the  time  being  hung.  The  technical  name  for 
the  symbol  which  Constantine  saw  is  "labarum,"  whence 
this  council  derives  its  name. 

ODD    FELLOWS. 

The  introduction  of  Odd  Fellowship  into  Manchester  oc 
curred  in  1843  and  may  not  unjustly  be  ascribed  to  Isaiah 
Winch,  who  kept  a  store  in  the  Methodist-church  block. 
He  had  become  interested  in  the  order,  and,  without  the 
knowledge  of  any  one  in  Manchester,  went  to  Massachusetts 
and  was  there  initiated  into  its  secrets.  The  first  lodge  of 
Odd  Fellows  in  this  state  was  instituted  at  Nashua,  Septem 
ber  11,  1843,  and  was  named  Granite  Lodge,  Number  One. 
After  the  germ  of  the  order  had  thus  been  planted  in  New 
Hampshire,  Mr.  Winch  interested  himself  in  the  formation 
of  a  lodge  in  Manchester  and  advocated  the  plan  among  his 
friends  with  such  success  that  four  men — Walter  French, 
Charles  Wells,  Josiah  M.  Barnes,  Jacob  G.  Oilley — went  to 
Nashua  and  became  members  of  the  newly  created  lodge 
there.  Taking  cards  of  clearance  from  the  Nashua  lodge 
and  returning  to  Manchester  with  only  the  initiatory  de 
gree,  they  received  the  five  degrees  at  the  hands  of  a  Dis 
trict  Deputy  from  Boston  on  the  afternoon  of  Thursday, 
December  21,  1843,  in  a  hall  over  the  Second  Methodist 
church  on  Elm  street,  becoming  the  charter  members  of 
the  second  lodge  instituted  in  the  state,  to  which  was  given 
the  title  of  Hillsborough  Lodge  Number  Two.  In  the 
evening  the  officers  were  elected  and  installed  as  follows : 
Walter  French,  Noble  Grand  ;  Charles  Wells,  Vice  Grand  ; 
Isaiah  Winch,  Secretary;  Josiah  M.  Barnes,  Treasurer; 
Jacob  G.  Cilley,  Warden.  Of  these  but  two  are  now  liv 
ing — Isaiah  Winch,  who  resided  for  some  time  in  Meredith 


999 


MANCHESTER. 


Village,  N.  H.,  but  who  lias  since  removed  to  Fernandina, 
Florida,  and  Charles  Wells,  an  esteemed  physician  of  this 
city.  Walter  French  died  in  1858  ;  Josiah  M.  Barnes,  in 
1855  ;  and  Jacob  G.  Cilley,  in  1870.  The  same  evening  a 
large  number  of  members  were  initiated,  the  necessary  of 
ficers  of  the  lodge  were  appointed  and  the  organization  was 
completed. 

The  order  quickly  spread  in  the  city,  over  a  hundred 
men  becoming  members  of  the  lodge  within  a  year.  An 
encampment  was  instituted  the  next  year,  and  another 
lodge,  in  the  year  succeeding  that.  The  hall  in  the  attic 
of  the  Methodist-church  block,  where  the  lodge  was  organ 
ized,  was  fitted  up  by  the  members  of  the  order  at  their 
own  expense,  and,  being  leased  by  them  for  a  term  of  years, 
acquired  the  title  of  Odd  Fellows  Hall.  It  was  considered 
at  that  time  a  neat  and  convenient  lodge-room.  After  a 
while,  however,  either  because  the  church  objected  to  leas 
ing  the  hall  for  such  gatherings  or  because  the  Odd  Fel 
lows  needed  better  accommodations,  or  for  both  reasons, 
the  latter  leased  of  Col.  William  Patten  a  hall  in  the  third 
story  of  the  block  he  had  built  on  Elm  street,  just  above 
the  city  hall,  and  removed  to  it  about  1847.  That  then 
succeeded  to  the  title  of  Odd  Fellows  Hall. 

From  that  they  were  driven  by  the  fire  of  February  5, 
1856,  which  destroyed  all  their  property  with  trifling  ex 
ceptions,  the  records  of  the  secretaries  being  wholly  lost. 
The  Masons,  then  occupying  a  hall  in  Duncklee's  block,  at 
once  put  it  at  the  disposal  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  who  grate 
fully  accepted  it.  The  two  orders  occupied  it  in  common 
till  April,  when  rooms  were  obtained  in  a  new  building  on 
Hanover  street  and  leased  by  the  fraternities  jointly  for 
ten  years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  both  orders  had 
attained  such  development  that  it  was  thought  advisable  to 
separate,  and  the  Odd  Fellows  leased  rooms  in  Martin's 
block,  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Lowell  streets,  occupying 


ODD  FELLOWS.  223 

them  till  the  completion  of  their  own  building  on  Hanover 
street.  In  1866  a  third  lodge  was  organized,  and  in  1871 
a  second  encampment,  and  it  will  not  be  surprising  if  a 
fourth  lodge  is  instituted  within  a  year. 

The  building  above  referred  to  is  a  testimonial  to  the  sub 
stantial  growth  of  the  fraternity  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  is 
the  first  which  was  owned  by  a  secret  order  in  the  city. 
The  land  on  which  it  stands,  on  the  south  side  of  Hanover 
street,  near  the  corner  of  Chestnut,  was  bought  in  1870  by 
the  three  lodges,  the  youngest  lodge  being  obliged  to  issue 
bonds  to  obtain  the  funds.  The  building  was  begun  in 
1871  and  was  at  first  in  charge  of  a  committee  of  one  from 
each  lodge — Simeon  S.  Harden,  Seth  T.  Hill  and  Nathan 
P.  Hunt.  But  it  was  discovered  that  for  the  financial  suc 
cess  of  the  undertaking  some  other  system  was  necessary, 
and,  in  accordance  with  a  plan  which  was  adopted  by  the 
lodges,  a  company  under  the  name  of  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Building  Association  was  chartered  by  the  legislature  at 
the  June  session  of  1871,  and  the  lodges  chose  three  mem 
bers  each  to  act  under  the  charter.  These  drew  lots  to  de 
termine  the  length  of  their  terms  of  office,  the  three  mem 
bers  from  each  lodge  remaining  for  one,  two  and  three  years 
respectively.  By  this  arrangement  three  members  retire  an 
nually  and  three  are  elected  to  take  their  places.  This  as 
sociation  issued  bonds  to  the  amount  of  thirty-five  thousand 
dollars,  due  in  five,  ten  or  fifteen  years,  bearing  interest  at 
seven  per  cent,  and  guaranteed  by  a  mortgage  of  the  land 
and  buildings  by  the  lodges,  which  were  all  taken  by  the 
lodges  and  members  of  the  order.  The  building,  which  is 
three  stories  high  and  of  brick,  was  completed  in  the  spring 
of  1872,  costing,  with  the  land,  about  forty-five  thousand 
dollars.  It  was  dedicated  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  April, 
1872,  that  being  the  fifty-third  anniversary  of  the  introduc 
tion  of  Odd  Fellowship  into  America. 

A  lodge  for  the  purpose  of  conferring  degrees  was  insti- 


224  MANCHESTER. 

tuted  April  10,  1874,  under  the  name  of  Union  Degree 
Lodge,  Number  One,  and  has  about  one  hundred  and  twen 
ty-five  members.  Frank  L.  Rundlett  was  its  Degree  Mas 
ter  till  1875,  when  Parker  W.  Hanaford  succeeded  him. 
The  Odd  Fellows'  Relief  Association,  whose  plan  is  identi 
cal  with  that  of  the  Masonic  Relief  Association  already  re 
ferred  to,  was  organized  in  April,  1870,  and  has  about  six 
hundred  and  forty  members.  Its  benefits  were  so  highly 
appreciated  as  to  lead  to  the  organization,  June  27,  1874, 
of  another  association  under  the  name  of  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  which  is  based  upon  the 
same  plan,  but  which  includes,  besides  members  of  the  or 
der,  their  wives  and  widows.  It  has  about  a  hundred  and 
twenty  members.  The  three  lodges  together  contain  about 
eight  hundred  and  fifty  members,  and  with  the  encamp 
ments  have  funds  amounting  to  about  twenty-two  thousand 
dollars. 

Hillsborough  Lodge,  Number  Two,  was  instituted  De 
cember  21, 1843,  its  charter  members  being  Walter  French, 
Charles  Wells,  Isaiah  Winch,  Jacob  G.  Cilley  and  Josiah 
M.  Barnes.  It  has  now  about  three  hundred  members  and 
funds  amounting  to  about  eight  thousand  dollars.  The 
"  Noble  Grands,"  or  highest  officers  of  the  lodge,  since  its 
formation,  are  given  below.  Till  1847  each  was  in  office 
but  three  months,  but  since  that  time  six  months  has  con 
stituted  a  term.  The  first  chief  officer — Walter  French — 
served  from  the  twenty-first  of  December,  1843,  till  the  first 
of  April,  1844. 

1844.  Walter  French,  Charles  Wells,  Isaiah  Winch,  Isaac  C. 
Flanders. 

1845.  John  S.  Kidder,  John  B.  Fish,  Luther  Smith,  Daniel  J. 
Hoyt. 

1846.  Jacob  G.  Cilley,  William  M.  Parker,  Edward  McQueston, 
Lucius  B.  Packard. 

1847.  Moses  Hill,  Jacob  F.  James. 

1*48.     Henry  T.  Mowatt,  Warren  L.  Lane. 

1849.  Flagg  T.  Underbill,  Jonathan  Horn. 

1850.  Henry  Kimball,  Nicholas  G.  York. 


ODD  FELLOWS.  225 

1851.  Sylvanus  Bunton,  Justus  Fisher. 

1852.  Joseph  Kiclder,  Moses  W.  Oliver. 

1853.  Luther  H.  Brown,  Benjamin  M.  Tillotson. 

1854.  John  Hosley,  Samuel  B.  Kidder. 

1855.  Walter  Neal,  James  D.  Wells. 

1856.  John  H.  Rand,  Joel  Taylor. 

1857.  Alpha  Currier,  Henry  A.  Ga^e. 

1858.  Christopher  C.  Colby,  Arthur  L.  Walker. 

1859.  True  O.  Furnald,  Lemuel  Colby. 

1860.  Charles  Abels,  George  S.  Holmes. 

1861.  William  B.  Lane,  Harvey  D.  Cutting. 

1862.  Ira  G.  Williams,  Samuel  B.  Hope. 

1863.  Benjamin  F.  Bowles,  Darwin  A.  Simons. 

1864.  Jacob  Morse,  Francis  W.  Nichols. 

1865.  Henry  J.  Tirrell,  Seth  J.  Sanborn. 

1866.  John  Gillis,  Horace  R.  Philbrick. 

1867.  John  L.  Avery,  John  Shirley. 

1868.  George  R.  Vance,  Andrew  J.  Holmes. 

1869.  Sylvester  C.  Gould,  William  G.  Harden. 

1870.  Andrew  J.  Butterfield,  Ephraim  T.  Hardy. 

1871.  Silas  B.  Woodbury,  Luther  H.  Clark. 
1872  David  M.  Goodwin,  Edward  O.  Hill. 
1873.  James  M.  Clough,  George  A.  Bailey. 
1&74.  Calvin  L.  Walker,  Parker  W.  Hanaford. 
1875.  Oscar  F.  Bartlett. 

Wonolanset  Encampment,  Number  Two,  like  Hillsbor- 
ough  Lodge,  the  second  organized  in  the  state,  was  insti 
tuted  September  6,  1844,  in  less  than  a  year  after  the  for 
mation  of  the  lodge.  Its  charter  members  were :  Walter 
French,  Charles  Wells,  Isaiah  Winch,  Jacob  G.  Cilley, 
Isaac  C.  Flanders,  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt,  Josiah  M.  Barnes. 
It  lias  now  about  two  hundred  and  thirty  members,  and 
funds  amounting  to  about  nine  hundred  dollars.  The  chief 
officer  of  an  encampment  is  styled  the  k'  Chief  Patriarch," 
who,  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  office,  is  eligible  to  the 
Grand  Encampment.  Another  officer,  styled  the  "  High 
Priest,"  acquired  nearly  equal  importance  by  being  also  ad 
mitted  to  the  Grand  Encampment  till  1874,  when  the  cus 
tom  was  discontinued. 

The  following  have  been  the  encampment's  Chief  Patri 
archs  from  its  organization  : 

1845.  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt,  John  B.  Fish. 

1846.  Luther  Smith,  Edward  McQueston. 

1847.  John  C.  Lyford,  Albe  C.  Heath. 


226  MANCHESTER. 

1848.  Nicholas  G.  York,  Jonathan  Horn. 

1849.  Alvia  Houghton,  Nathaniel  Smith. 

1850.  Jeremiah  Preston,  Barnabas  Hinds. 

1851.  Leonard  Demary,  Isaac  N.  Haines. 

1852.  Samuel  B.  Kidder,  Enoch  Watson. 

1853.  George  W.  Weeks,  Stephen  Palmer. 

1854.  Charles  H.  Brown,  Otis  P.  Warner. 

1855.  Joseph  Kidder,  Charles  T.  Dunlin. 

1856.  George  C.  Gilmore,  James  D.  Wells. 

1857.  James  C.  Wing,  Stephen  H.  Crockett. 

1858.  Nathaniel  E.  Morrill,  Joseph  S.  Hunkius. 

1859.  Horace  M.  Gillis,  Walter  Neal. 

1860.  Daniel  Pulsifer,  George  S.  Neal. 

1861.  James  J.  Baldwin,  Henry  B.  Moulton. 

1862.  Christopher  C.  Colby,  Eufus  L.  Bartlett. 

1863.  Darwin  A.  Simons,  Jacob  F.  James. 

1864.  Henry  J.  Tirrell,  Kussell  O.  Burleigh. 

1865.  John  IT.  Farnham,  Seth  J.  Sanborn. 

1866.  John  T.  Robinson,  Stephen  II.  Randlett. 

1867.  Frederick  B.  Balch,  Jonathan  B.  Moore. 

1868.  Jeremiah  Hodge,  Harvey  L.  Currier. 

1869.  Horace  R.  Philbrick,  Henry  A.  Farrington. 

1870.  Joel  Daniels,  Frank  J.  Poor. 

1871.  Uriah  A.  Carswell,  Frank  L.  Rundlett. 

1872.  Edward  D.  Hill,  Leonard  Shelters. 

1873.  John  Gillis,  Seth  T.  Hill. 

1874.  Charles  H.  G.  Foss,  Henry  S.  Kolseth. 

1875.  Andrew  J.  Dickey. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  High  Priests  since  the  in 
stitution  of  the  encampment : 

1845.  Isaac  Flanders,  Daniel  J.  Hoyt. 

1846.  Benjamin  M.  Tillotson,  Benjamin  M.  Tillotson. 

1847.  Thomas  S.  Jones,  Sylvanus  Bunton. 

1848.  David  C.  Batchelder,  Charles  Currier. 

1849.  Charles  T.  Durgin,  James  M.  Berry. 

1850.  Otis  P.  Warner,  Charles  H.  Brown. 

1851.  Leonard  Sanborn,  Henry  T.  Mowatt. 

1852.  Moses  W.  Oliver,  Granville  P.  Mason. 

1853.  Abraham  Robertson,  Nathaniel  Herrick. 

1854.  Edward  McCoy,  John  B.  Fish. 

1855.  Charles  Currier,  John  B.  Fish. 

1856.  Joseph  Kidder,  Joel  Taylor. 

1857.  Alpha  Currier,  John  D.  Patterson. 

1858.  Arthur  L.  Walker,  James  C.  Wing. 

1859.  John  D.  Patterson,  Granville  P.  Mason. 

1860.  Charles  Currier,  James  C.  Wing. 

1861.  Thomas  B.  Eastman,  John  B.  Fish. 

1862.  Charles  H.  Brown,  Daniel  Pulsifer. 

1863.  Horace  M.  Gillis,  Rums  L.  Bartlett. 

1864.  Charles  Currier,  Robert  B.  Neal. 


ODD  FELLOWS.  227 

1865.  Leonard  Colby,  Russell  O.  Burleigh. 

1866.  John  Gillis,  Seth  J.  Sanborn. 

1867.  Abiel  C.  Flanders,  Gilman  Stearns. 

1868.  John  T.  Robinson,  Stephen  H.  Randlett. 

1869.  Frank  T.  E.  Richardson,  John  C.  Balch. 

1870.  Charles  H.  Osgood,  Charles  H.  Osgood. 

1871.  William  G-.  Harden,  George  R.  Vance. 

1872.  John  T.  Robinson,  John  T.  Robinson. 

1873.  Edward  O.  Hill,  Frank  L.  Rundlett. 

1874.  Thomas  C.  Cheney,  Charles  C.  Keniston. 

1875.  Charles  C.  Keniston. 

Mechanics  Lodge,  Number  Thirteen,  the  second  in  the 
city  in  point  of  age,  was  instituted  November  25,  1845, 
with  the  following  charter  members :  John  S.  Yeaton, 
Horace  Gordon,  John  C.  Lyford,  Albe  C.  Heath,  Otis  P. 
Warner,  Charles  Currier,  Nathaniel  Smith.  It  has  now 
about  three  hundred  and  fifty  members,  and  funds  amount 
ing  to  about  nine  thousand  dollars.  The  following  have 
been  the  Noble  Grands  since  the  existence  of  the  lodge, 
the  first,  Horace  Gordon,  holding  the  office  from  November 
25,  1845,  to  April  1,  1846,  and  three  months  constituting  a 
term  till  1847. 

1846.  Horace  Gordon,  John  C.  Lyford,  John  S.  Yeaton,  Charles 
Currier. 

1847.  Albe  C.  Heath,  Otis  P.  Warner. 

1848.  Nathaniel  C.  Smith,  David  C.  Batchelder. 

1849.  William  D.  Buck,  Charles  II .  Brown. 

1850.  Jeremiah  Preston,  jr.,  Abraham  Robertson. 

1851.  Abel  M.  Keniston, 'Barnabas  Hinds. 

1852.  Charles  C.  Keniston,  John  M.  Harvey. 

1853.  Charles  T.  Durgin,  George  W.  Weeks. 

1854.  Enoch  Watson,  George  C.  Gilmore. 

1855.  Bartlett  A.  Morse,  James  M.  Howe. 

1856.  Charles  Currier,  Stephen  II.  Crockett. 

1857.  David  Alden,  James  C.  Wing. 

1858.  John  D.  Patterson,  Jonathan  Dodge. 

1859.  Daniel  Pulsifer,  George  S.  Neal. 

1860.  Charles  H.  G.  Foss,  Granville  P.  Mason. 

1861.  Samuel  Upton,  Henry  B.  Moulton. 

1862.  Evander  G.  Merrill,  John  G.  Lane. 

1863.  Edward  Garner,  John  IT.  Farnham. 

1864.  Lang  Munroe,  James  Wilkins,  jr. 

1865.  Abiel  C.  Flanders,  Seth  T.  Hill. 

1866.  John  T.  Robinson,  Russell  O.  Burleigh. 

1867.  John  Prince,  Joel  Daniel's. 


228  MANCHESTER. 

1868.  Oilman  Stearns,  Thomas  C.  Cheney. 

1869.  Stephen  H.  Kundlett,  William  G.  Garmon. 

1870.  Leonard  Shelters,  Charles  H.  Osgood. 

1871.  Henry  W.  Powell,  James  M.  House. 

1872.  James  L.  Sweet,  John  K.  Piper. 

1873.  Henry  S.  Brown,  Jacob  Merrill. 

1874.  John  C.  Smith,  Jeremiah  D.  Jones. 

1875.  James  F.  Pherson. 

Wildey  Lodge,  Number  Forty-five,  is  the  last  lodge  or 
ganized  in  this  city,  being  instituted  August  8,  1866,  with 
the  following  charter  members  :  Henry  A.  Farrington,  Jon 
athan  B.  Moore,  Daniel  R.  Prescott,  Uriah  A.  Carswell, 
Hazen  K.  Fuller,  Francis  L.- Porter,  David  Cutter,  Harvey 
L.  Currier,  John  V.  Sullivan,  Edwin  N.  Baker,  John  D. 
Powell,  James  M.  Moore,  John  N.  Chase,  Stephen  Wood 
ward.  It  has  now  about  two  hundred  members  and  funds 
amounting  to  about  four  thousand  dollars.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  its  chief  officers  since  its  institution  : 

1866.  Henry  A.  Farrington. 

1867.  Jonathan  B.  Moore,  Daniel  R.  Prescott. 

1868.  Uriah  A.  Carswell,  Hazen  K.  Fuller. 

1869.  John  D.  Powell,  John  C.  Balch. 

1870.  Frank  L.  Rundlett,  James  M.  Moore. 

1871.  George  F.  Elliott,  Lyman  W.  Colby. 

1872.  Nathan  P.  Hunt,  Hiram  Hill. 

1873.  David  P.  Korris,  Henry  B.  Gillette. 

1874.  Henry  E.  Burnharn,  Joseph  G.  Edgerlj. 

1875.  William  H.  Stearns. 

Mount  Washington  Encampment,  Number  Sixteen,  was 
the  second  encampment  in  Manchester,  being  instituted 
March  2,  1871,  with  the  following  charter  members:  Jo 
seph  Kidder,  George  W.  Weeks,  John  C.  Balch,  Charles 
H.  Osgood,  Nathan  P.  Hunt,  John  D.  Powell,  Sylvester  C. 
Gould,  Benjamin  F.  Hartford,  George  A.  Clark,  John  A. 
Collins,  Charles  F.  Hunt,  Louis  E.  Phelps,  David  P.  Nor- 
ris,  Charles  W.  Temple,  Marden  E.  Barnard,  Brackett  B. 
Weeks,  Henry  A.  Farrington.  It  has  now  over  a  hundred 
members  and  funds  amounting  to  about  two  hundred  dol 
lars.  The  Chief  Patriarchs  of  Mount  Washington  En 
campment  since  its  formation  have  been  as  follows : 


KNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS.  229 

1871.  Joseph  Kidder,  John  D.  Powell. 

1872.  Nathan  P.  Hunt,  David  P.  Norris. 
1673.     Daniel  K.  Prescott,  Henry  E.  Burnham. 

1874.  Sylvester  C.  Gould,  Benjamin  F.  Hartford. 

1875.  William  G.  Garmon. 

The  High  Priests  have  been  as  follows : 

1871.  Charles  H.  Osgood,  Brackett  B.  Weeks. 

1872.  Marden  E.  Barnard,  George  A.  Clark. 

1873.  Louis  E.  Phelps,  E.  B.  Worthen. 

1874.  L.  H.  Caldwell,  William  G.  Garmon. 

1875.  Charles  W.  Temple. 

KNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS. 

The  Knights  of  Pythias,  an  order  of  more  recent  origin 
than  the  associations  of  Free  Masons  and  Odd  Fellows,  but 
which  has  now  seventeen  lodges  and  a  thousand  members  in 
New  Hampshire,  was  introduced  to  this  state  in  1870,  and 
to  this  city  in  the  same  year.  Early  in  March  of  that  year 
Henry  F.  Carey,  an  operative  in  the  Amoskeag  Company's 
employ,  having  received  a  copy  of  the  constitution  of  one 
of  the  Pythian  lodges  and  thus  become  interested  in  the 
order,  attempted  to  form  a  lodge  here,  but  was  unsuccess 
ful.  Through  his  instrumentality,  however,  a  number  of 
men,  among  whom  were  Timothy  W.  Challis,  Frank  E. 
Hart,  Joseph  L.  Dow,  Galen  Eastman,  Silas  C.  Clatur, 
Franklin  W.  McKinley,  Samuel  W.  Shepherd  and  Silas  R. 
Wallace,  had  caught  something  of  his  interest  and  they 
held  several  meetings  during  the  month  of  March  at  which 
some  progress  was  made  towards  the  formation  of  a  lodge. 
Pioneer  Lodge,  Number  One,  had  already  been  instituted 
at  Newmarket,  on  the  second  of  March,  and  thus  the  order 
had  gained  a  foothold  in  the  state. 

The  first  meeting  here  of  which  any  records  were  kept 
was  held  March  81,  1870,  at  the  old  "  Labor  League " 
rooms  in  Smyth's  block,  when  Timothy  W.  Challis  was 
elected  "  Worthy  Chancellor,"  the  officer  now  entitled 
"Chancellor  Commander"  being  then  known  by  that  name. 


230  MANCHESTER. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  April  2,  in  the  Grand  Army 
hall  in  Brown's  block,  and  at  an  adjourned  meeting  held 
in  the  same  place  April  6,  the  list  of  officers  was  completed. 
There  being  then  no  Grand  Lodge  in  the  state,  an  applica 
tion  for  recognition  as  a  lodge  by  the  jurisdiction  of  Massa 
chusetts  was  made  and  favorably  received,  and  the  officers 
elect  were  notified  that  the  installing  officers  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Massachusetts  would  be  in  attendance  to  organize 
the  lodge  April  8, 1870.  Accordingly  a  special  meeting  was 
called  for  that  purpose  on  the  evening  of  that  day  and  at 
that  time  the  lodge,  under  the  name  of  Granite  Lodge, 
Number  Three,  was  instituted  in  form,  with  thirty-two 
members,  and  the  officers  were  duly  installed.  The  Massa 
chusetts  officers  had  instituted  the  previous  evening  at  Exe 
ter  the  second  lodge  in  the  state,  under  the  name  of  Swam- 
scott  Lodge,  Number  Two.  The  membership  of  Granite 
Lodge  rapidly  increased,  and  on  the  eighteenth  of  April  a 
number  of  members  asked  leave  to  withdraw  to  form  a 
new  lodge.  The  request  was  granted  and  accordingly  Mer- 
rimack  Lodge,  Number  Four,  was  instituted  May  6,  1870. 
Both  lodges  worked  under  a  dispensation  till  October  21, 
1870,  when  a  charter  in  form  was  granted  to  each  by  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  this  state,  which  had  been  formed  the  pre 
vious  day  in  Manchester  by  representatives  from  six  lodges, 
Rising  Sun  Lodge,  Number  Seven,  of  Rochester,  although 
instituted,  not  being  represented. 

The  charter  members  of  Granite  Lodge  were  Stephen  0. 
Amsden,  Timothy  W.  Challis,  Frank  E.  Hart,  Joseph  L. 
Dow,  James  P.  Carpenter,  Gula  A.  Craig,  Silas  C.  Clatur, 
Franklin  W.  McKinley,  A.  A.  Wells,  Silas  R.  Wallace. 
The  present  membership  is  about  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
five.  Its  Chancellor  Commanders,  or  highest  officers,  for 
each  year,  follow : 

1870.  Timothy  W.  Challis,  Prank  E.  Hart. 

1871.  Franklin  W.  McKinley,  Levi  L.  Aldrich. 

1872.  William  E.  Moore,  Alden  E.  Metcalf. 


TEMPERANCE  SOCIETIES.  231 

1873.  Silas  R.  Wallace,  Sidney  J.  Ela. 

1874.  Moses  O.  Pearson,  Samuel  Amsden. 

1875.  Jonathan  M.  Sanborn. 

The  charter  members  of  Merrimack  Lodge  were :  Sam 
uel  W.  Shepherd,  William  R.  Patten,  Joseph  B.  Judkins, 
Samuel  F.  Murry,  Albert  Story,  Daniel  S.  Holt,  Edwin  B. 
Cutler,  Hazen  Davis,  Frank  H.  Hickok,  Oliver  B.  Elliott, 
Robert  A.  Challis,  John  Wingate,  Perkins  C.  Lane,  Leroy 
J.  French.  The  present  membership  is  about  one  hundred 
and  twenty.  The  Chancellor  Commanders  for  the  several 
years  are  given  below. 

1870.  William  R.  Patten,  Samuel  F.  Murry. 

1871.  Albert  Story,  Perkins  C.  Lane. 

1872.  Roland  C.  Rowell,  John  D.  Patterson. 

1873.  Frank  H.  Hickok,  Charles  W.  Temple. 

1874.  Samuel  W.  Shepherd,  Hiram  H.  Gove. 

1875.  Hiram  H.  Gove. 

The  lodges  held  their  stated  meetings  in  the  hall  in 
Brown's  block  for  nearly  a  year  and  then  secured  and  fitted 
up  a  new  and  spacious  hall  in  Globe  block  on  Hanover 
street,  in  which  the  first  meeting  was  held  March  6,  1871, 
and  which  they  have  since  occupied.  It  is  used  by  both 
lodges,  which  own  the  property,  free  from  incumbrance,  in 
common,  and  work  harmoniously  together.  Each  lodge  has 
five  hundred  dollars  on  hand  and  invested.  A  "  Pythian 
Relief  Association,"  which  has  now  a  hundred  and  fifty 
members,  was  formed  in  May,  1872,  upon  the  same  plan 
as  the  similar  associations  among  the  Masons  and  Odd 
Fellows. 

TEMPERANCE    SOCIETIES. 

Among  the  earliest  societies  in  the  city  organized  upon 
the  basis  of  temperance  were  those  which  succeeded  the 
"  Washingtonian "  movement  of  1840,  and  of  these  the 
first  was  known  as  the  "  Manchester  Washington  Total 
Abstinence  Society,"  which  was  organized  August  3,  1841, 


232  MANCHESTER. 

which  had  two  thousand  members,  and  one  of  whose  presi 
dents  was  Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  who  was  an  active  advocate 
of  temperance.  In  October  of  the  next  year  a  movement  was 
begun  among  the  women  of  the  place  which  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  the  a  Martha  Washington  Temperance  Soci 
ety,"  of  which  Mrs.  Benjamin  Kinsley  was  at  one  time 
president.  Another  organization  about  that  time  was  the 
"  Manchester  Young  Men's  Temperance  Society,"  with  Wil 
liam  Mace  at  its  head,  and  still  another  was  the  "  Young 
Ladies'  Temperance  Benevolent  Society"  which  was  or 
ganized  August  22,  1843.  These  associations,  and  others, 
if  they  existed,  were  generally  organized  by  the  influence  of 
some  traveling  lecturer  and  often  in  connection  with  some 
particular  church.  They  had  no  proper  financial  basis, 
held  infrequent  meetings,  and  resulted  chiefly  in  obtaining 
spasmodically  signatures  to  temperance  pledges  in  which 
abstinence  from  the  lighter  intoxicants  was  not  definitely 
named. 

These  were  dissolved  in  five  or  six  years,  to  be  succeeded 
by  an  order  called  the  "Sons  of  Temperance,"  which,  an 
advance  upon  Washingtonianism  in  several  features,  was 
started  in  this  country  in  1842,  as  a  possible  plan  of  organ 
ization  for  the  more  effectual  promotion  of  the  temperance 
cause.  Its  pledge  included  abstinence  from  "  malt  liquors, 
wine,  ale  and  cider,"  as  well  as  from  more  potent  spirits. 
It  retained  its  members  largely  by  the  system  of  money 
benefits  in  case  of  sickness  and  death,  and,  though  later 
years  modified  many  of  its  social  and  pecuniary  features, 
it  was  the  means  of  much  good. 

The  first  division  of  the  order  in  this  state  was  organ 
ized  at  Portsmouth  and  the  second  at  Nashua,  while  the 
third,  under  the  name  of  Manchester  Division  Number 
Three,  was  instituted  in  this  city  July  13,  1846.  Among 
those  who  held  the  office  of  "  Worthy  Patriarch  "  —  the 
highest  in  the  division  —  were  Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  John  B. 


TEMPERANCE    SOCIETIES.  233 

Fish,  James  Collins,  Harrison  Soule,  Horace  L.  Eaton,  0. 
R.  Pratt,  Edward  McQueston,  Charles  Fish,  David  F.  Per 
kins,  J.  A.  D.  Gregg  and  Edson  Hill.  The  Grand  Division 
of  the  state  was  organized  March  11,  1847,  at  Portsmouth, 
and  was  located  at  Manchester.  Among  its  chief  officers 
were  Dr.  Thomas  Brown  and  the  Rev.  Henry  M.  Dexter  of 
this  city. 

Another  division  was  organized  in  Manchester  October 
26,  1847,  under  the  name  of  Excelsior  Division,  Number 
Eight.  Among  its  highest  officers  were  the  Rev.  Henry  M. 
Dexter,  Albert  Jackson,  the  Rev.  John  W.  Ray,  Daniel  W. 
McCaine,  Alfred  G.  Fairbanks,  Alfred  B.  Soule,  J.  B.  Saw 
yer  and  C.  W.  Eaton.  A  higher  order,  under  the  name  of 
Granite  Temple  of  Honor,  Number  One,  was  instituted  Feb 
ruary  28,  1848.  In  the  latter  part  of  1848  another  divis 
ion  was  organized,  with  the  name  of  Niagara  Division, 
Number  Nineteen,  which  had  but  a  brief  existence.  The 
"  Daughters  of  Temperance,"  whose  members  were  women, 
and  the  u  Cadets  of  Temperance,"  a  juvenile  association, 
were  cotemporaneous  orders,  existing  to  the  same  end. 
The  subordinate  bodies  of  the  former  were  called  "unions." 
Blackmar  Union,  Number  Four,  was  instituted  December 
30,  1847;  Union  Number  Six,  April  8,  1848;  and  the 
Grand  Union  of  the  state,  located  in  this  city,  was  formed 
April  10,  1848.  The  subordinate  bodies  of  the  Cadets 
were  called  sections,  and  Manchester  Section,  Number  Four, 
was  instituted  February  28,  1848.  Four  years  later  Excel 
sior  Division  was  the  only  one  of  all  these  which  survived, 
and  that  afterwards  was  dissolved.  These  bodies  met  in 
Sons  of  Temperance  Hall  in  the  first  Patten's  block. 

Subsequently,  however,  a  new  interest  in  the  order  arose, 
and  resulted  in  the  institution,  November  16,  1860,  of 
Manchester  Division,  Number  Nineteen.  The  charter  was 
granted  to  John  B.  Fish,  J.  B.  TV  Baker,  Aaron  Jackson, 
Joseph  G.  Edgerly,  Frank  T.  E.  Richardson,  H.  H.  Sum- 

15 


234  MANCHESTER. 

mers,  James  M.  Clough,  Charles  F.  Livingston,  John  G. 
Lane,  T.  E.  Barker,  G.  S.  Dearborn,  M.  L.  Stevens,  W.  H. 
H.  Crawford,  L.  B.  Gould,  John  Verity,  Francis  Switser, 
R.  F.  Moore  and  D.  S.  Russell.  They  met  in  Ferren's 
building  and  afterwards  in  Mystic  hall  in  Merchants'  Ex 
change.  It  is  probable  that  the  Rebellion  interfered  with 
their  prosperity,  and  their  last  session  was  held  May  22, 
1863. 

The  place  in  the  country  which  the  Sons  of  Temperance 
left  vacant  was  occupied  by  the  "  Good  Templars,"  who 
had  their  origin  in  1851.  Their  basis  was  different  from 
that  of  any  preceding  organization.  They  combined  in  one 
order  the  "  Sons,"  "  Daughters,"  and  "  Cadets,"  admitted 
women  on  the  same  basis  as  men  and  with  equal  eligibility 
to  all  offices,  and  are  radical  in  all  phases  of  the  reform. 
They  ignored  the  beneficiary  system,  thus  largely  reducing 
the  fees  and  dues,  and  offered  no  motive  to  persons  to  join 
them  except  to  be  reclaimed  from  intemperance,  if  fallen 
into  the  habit,  or  to  be  kept  from  it  or  to  keep  others  from 
it.  They  have  plain  and  impressive  ceremonies  and  the 
members  assume,  upon  entering,  a  pledge  of  total  absti 
nence  for  life.  The  "  Good  Templars  "  form  the  largest 
temperance  society  in  the  world,  the  membership  averag 
ing,  of  late  years,  over  half  a  million  persons,  scattered 
wherever  the  English  tongue  is  spoken.  Since  1851  nearly 
three  million  persons  in  the  United  States  and  Canadas, 
and  about  one  million  in  foreign  countries,  have  been  con 
nected  with  the  order. 

The  order  reached  Manchester  about  the  close  of  the 
Rebellion,  Stark  Lodge,  Number  Four,  being  instituted  May 
31,  1865.  Its  charter  was  granted  to  A.  J.  Butterfield,  A. 
0.  Dillingham,  G.  L.  P.  Corliss,  J.  W.  Wilkins,  John  Ver 
ity,  Aaron  Jackson,  William  G.  Garmon,  James  M.  Clough, 
L.  W.  Nourse,  W.  R.  Call,  S.  L.  Lewis,  Aaron  W.  Stevens, 
Benjamin  M.  Tillotson,  G.  W.  Rogers,  Nathaniel  Herrick, 


TEMPERANCE    SOCIETIES.  235 

William  H.  Thomas,  John  A.  Knowles,  Joseph  W.  Fellows, 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Wilkins,  Sarah  M.  Call,  Sarah  A.  Davis,  Lucre- 
tia  Call. 

Merrimack  Lodge,  Number  Five,  was  instituted  December 
6,  1866.  The  charter  members  were  :  Daniel  R.  Prescott, 
Seth  J.  Sanborn,  William  F.  Childs,  S.  C.  Cunningham,  J. 
F.  Durgin,  Charles  G.  Blake,  Uriah  A.  Carswell,  Joseph 
E.  Bennett,  E.  W.  Smith,  Hattie  D.  Fuller,  Mrs.  J.  L. 
Prescott. 

There  is  also  a  Union  Degree  Lodge  and  a  Temple  of 
Honor.  The  Templars  met  at  first  in  the  vestries  of  the 
Unitarian  and  Pine-street  Freewill  Baptist  churches,  but 
soon  occupied  what  is  now  Mirror  hall  in  Merchants'  Ex 
change  in  common  with  a  u  Machinists  and  Blacksmiths' 
Union."  In  1870  they  furnished  a  hall  on  Manchester 
street,  which  was  destroyed,  as  were  the  rooms  of  the  Ma 
sons  and  Knights  of  Pythias,  in  the  great  fire  of  1870. 
They  now  meet  in  Pythian  hall  in  Globe  block  on  Hanover 
street.  The  lodges  are  yet  thriving  and  have  invariably 
held  their  weekly  meetings.  Since  their  institution  nearly 
two  thousand  persons  have  been  connected  with  them,  the 
membership  of  both  combined  averaging  lately  between 
three  and  four  hundred,  and  several  thousand  dollars,  ac 
cruing  from  the  small  fees  and  dues,  have  been  expended 
in  their  work. 

At  one  time  and  another  there  have  been  other  tem 
perance  associations,  generally  of  a  temporary  character. 
Among  them  were  the  "  Bands  of  Hope "  which  were 
started  about  1858,  and  a  women's  temperance  society  ten 
years  later,  of  which  Mrs.  Frederick  Smyth  was  president. 
There  are  now  societies  for  the  promotion  of  temperance 
connected  with  several  of  the  churches.  A  juvenile  associ 
ation  under  the  name  of  the  "  Cold  Water  Temple  "  was 
organized  in  October,  1874,  by  the  Rev.  Harrison  F.  Wood, 
pastor  of  the  Pine-street  Freewill  Baptist  church,  which 


236  MANCHESTER. 

has  six  hundred  members ;  and  a  "  Women's  Temperance 
League,"  of  which  Mrs.  H.  F.  Wood  is  president,  was 
formed  in  November,  1874,  with  the  purpose  of  creating 
an  interest  in  the  temperance  cause.  It  has  about  seventy- 
five  members. 

Of  several  temperance  societies  found  among  the  Roman 
Catholic  population  "  St.  Paul's  Total  Abstinence  Mutual 
Benefit  Society"  is  the  oldest,  having  been  organized  in 
August,  1872,  in  connection  with  St.  Joseph's  church.  It 
has  now  one  hundred  and  sixty  members  and  its  president 
is  James  Dray.  With  it  is  connected  a  society  of  youth  un 
der  the  name  of  "  Temperance  Cadets,"  which  was  formed 
in  May,  1873,  and  which  contains  one  hundred  and  fifty 
boys  and  is  superintended  by  Patrick  A.  Devine.  February 
18, 1874,  another  society  was  formed,  in  connection  with  St. 
Ann's  church,  under  the  name  of  "  St.  John's  Total  AbstL 
nence  Mutual  Benefit  Society,"  of  which  the  Rev.  John 
Powers  is  president,  and  which  has  about  a  hundred  mem 
bers.  In  April,  1875,  a  similar  association  was  formed  in 
connection  with  the  remaining  Roman  Catholic  church — St. 
Augustine's.  These  three  societies  last  named  are  branches 
of  a  state  organization,  which  in  turn  is  part  of  the  "  Na 
tional  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Union "  of  the  United 
States. 

MILITARY   ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  earliest  of  the  military  companies  in  Manchester 
whose  existence  reached  to  its  incorporation  as  a  city  was 
the  Manchester  Rifle  Company,  which  was  organized  in 
1825  under  Captain  James  McQueston.  Among  succeed 
ing  commanders  were  Nathaniel  and  Ira  Moore  and  David 
Young,  and  it  was  dissolved  about  1848.  Next  in  order  of 
formation  were  the  Stark  Guards,  which  were  organized 
August  16,  1840,  under  Captain  Walter  French,  who  was 


MILITARY  ORGANIZATIONS.  237 

followed  by  E.  W.  Harrington,  George  W.  Morrison,  E.  A. 
Bod  well  and  others.  They  had  an  armory  in  the  city  hall 
and  in  Patten's  block  and  kept  up  their  organization  a  little 
over  ten  years,  being  a  famous  company  in  their  time. 

The  Granite  Fusiliers  were  organized  August  10,  1842, 
under  Captain  Samuel  W.  Parsons,  and  assumed  the  name 
of  City  Guards  in  1847.  Among  the  commanders  were 
George  T.  Clark,  S.  G.  Patterson,  J.  C.  Ricker,  S.  G.  Lang- 
ley,  J.  R.  Bagley,  Micajah  Ingliam  and  Francis  H.  Lyford. 
They  occupied  for  armories  rooms  in  the  city  hall,  Granite 
block  and  Wells'  block,  and  went  out  of  existence  about 
1860.  Other  and  smaller  companies,  which  have  no  longer 
an  existence,  were  the  National  Guards,  organized  August 
17,  1863,  with  an  armory  in  Wells'  block,  and  who  did  ser 
vice  at  Fort  Constitution  in  Portsmouth  harbor  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  ;  arid  the  Smyth  Rifles,  who  were  or 
ganized  in  August,  1865,  and  who  had  an  armory  in  Wells' 
block. 

The  Amoskeag  Veterans  is  the  only  one  of  the  military 
organizations  now  existing  in  the  city  which  can  look  back 
upon  a  life  of  over  ten  years,  and  is  an  independent  com 
pany,  while  the  rest  form  part  of  the  state  militia.  It  is 
the  oldest  "  veteran  "  corps  in  New  England  with  the  ex 
ception  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company 
of  Boston.  Its  formation  was  suggested  by  a  visit  which 
a  company  known  as  the  Boston  Association  of  Veterans 
paid  to  the  citizens  of  Manchester  in  October,  1854.  A 
paper  was  drawn  up  by  the  Hon.  C.  E.  Potter  and  circu 
lated  for  signatures,  the  subscribers  agreeing  thereby  to 
become  members  of  an  association  under  the  name  of  the 
Stark  Veterans.  The  first  meeting  of  the  signers  was  held 
in  the  city  hall,  November  6, 1854.  The  Hon.  Hiram  Brown 
was  chosen  chairman,  and  the  Hon.  C.  E.  Potter  clerk,  and 
committees  on  officers,  constitution  and  uniform  were  ap 
pointed,  whose  reports  were  afterwards  adopted.  At  a  sub- 


238  MANCHESTER. 

sequent  meeting  the  name  of  Amoskeag  Veterans  was  as 
sumed.     The  first  officers  elected  are  given  below : 

William  P.  Riddle,  Colonel. 

William  Patten,  First  Lieutenant. 

Samuel  Andrews,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Hiram  Brown,  First  Major. 

E.  T.  Stevens,  Second  Major. 

Samuel  W.  Parsons,  First  Sergeant. 

Jacob  G.  Cilley,  Second  Sergeant. 

S.  M.  Dow,  Third  Sergeant/ 

Reuben  I).  Mooers,  Fourth  Sergeant. 

Jnmes  Wallace,  First  Corporal. 

Phinehas  Adams,  Second  Corporal. 

E.  G.  Guilford,  Third  Corporal. 

Thomas  Rundlett,  Fourth  Corporal. 

John  S.  Elliot,  Surgeon. 

William  W.  Brown,  Surgeon's  Mate. 

Benjamin  M.  Tillotson,  "Chaplain. 

James  Hersey,  Treasurer. 

Frederick  G.  Stark,    1 

Daniel  C.  Gould, 

John  S.  Kidder,  j-     Executive  Committee. 

George  Porter, 

Theodore  T.  Abbot,   J 

Their  first  parade  and  ball  occurred  February  22,  1855, 
and  the  celebration  of  Washington's  birthday  has  since 
been  continued  as  an  annual  custom.  At  one  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon  of  that  day  they  marched  to  the  Manchester 
House  and  escorted  the  Hon.  Nathaniel  B.  Baker,  then 
governor  of  the  state,  and  other  invited  guests,  to  the  city 
hall  and  were  reviewed  by  the  governor.  At  four  o'clock 
an  oration  was  delivered  by  the  Hon.  C.  E.  Potter  of  Man 
chester,  followed  by  addresses  by  Governor  Baker  and  the 
mayor  of  the  city,  the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth.  In  the  even 
ing  a  banquet  was  served  in  Patten's  hall,  and  the  evening's 
exercises  were  concluded  with  dancing  in  the  city  hall. 

The  organization  was  continued  in  this  form  till  August 
4,  1855,  when  an  act  of  incorporation  which  had  been 
granted  by  the  legislature  in  June  was  accepted  by  the 
company,  and  the  latter  was  then  established  as  a  corporate 
body.  It  still  kept  in  view  the  objects  which  were  aimed 
at  in  its  formation,  defined  by  the  constitution  to  be  mili- 


MILITARY  ORGANIZATIONS.  239 

tary  parades,  the  protection  of  life  and  property,  the  pres 
ervation  of  the  peace  and  social  enjoyments.  Their  first 
armory  was  in  the  Museum  building,  from  which  they  re 
moved  to  Granite  block  in  1869 ;  they  took  possession  of 
their  present  quarters  in  Towne's  block  in  1871.  The  as 
sociation  includes  the  most  prominent  and  influential  men 
in  Manchester,  and  at  first  its  members  were  nearly  all  from 
this  city,  but  there  are  now  in  its  ranks  prominent  citizens 
of  Concord,  Hooksett,  Deny,  Nashua,  Keene,  Portsmouth, 
Franklin,  Bedford,  Suncook,  Enfield,  Claremont  and  other 
places.  It  has  had  over  four  hundred  members  and  there 
are  now  about  one  hundred  active  members  enrolled. 

The  commanders  of  the  company  since  its  organization 
are  given  below,  with  the  date  of  their  election  : 

Gen.  William  P.  Riddle,  November  25,  1854. 
Col.  Chandler  E.  Potter,  October  3,  1855. 
Col.  Theodore  T.  Abbot,  October  21,  1857. 
Col.  Thomas  Rundlett,  October  19,  1860. 
Col.  Henry  T.  Mo  watt,  October  22,  1862. 
Col.  Chandler  E.  Potter,  October  19,  1864. 
Col.  David  Cross,  October  31,  1866. 
Gen.  :Natt  Head,  November  18,  1868. 
Col.  Martin  V.  B.  Edgerly,  February  22,  1873. 
Col.  George  C.  Gilmore,  March  25,  1875. 

In  June,  1855,  the  Veterans  made  their  first  excursion, 
visiting  at  that  time  Boston,  Bunker  Hill  and  Lowell.  In 
December  of  the  same  year  they  made  the  most  extens 
ive  journey  of  all  during  their  existence  as  a  company. 
They  left  Manchester  on  the  thirteenth  for  an  excursion  to 
Washington  and  Mount  Vernon.  On  their  way  they  were 
cordially  received  and  hospitably  treated  hy  the  military  or 
ganizations  and  official  representatives  of  the  cities  of  New 
York,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  banquets  being  given  in 
their  honor  at  each  of  these  places.  At  Washington  they 
were  the  recipients  of  marked  courtesy  and  were  the  espe 
cial  guests  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  —  Gen. 
Franklin  Pierce  —  a  New  Hampshire  citizen.  They  did  not 


240  MANCHESTER. 

reach  home  till  the  twenty-second,  after  an  absence  of  nine 
days. 

They  visited  Newburyport,  Mass.,  in  1866;  Hartford, 
Conn.,  Springfield  and  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1867  ;  New 
York,  as  the  guests  of  the  famous  Ninth  Regiment,  under 
command  of  Col.  James  Fisk,  in  1870  ;  and  in  1878  visited 
Providence,  R.  I.,  and  participated  in  a  parade  and  union 
festival  with  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company 
of  Boston,  the  Newburyport  Veteran  Artillery  Association, 
the  Putnam  Phalanx  of  Hartford,  the  First  Light  Infantry 
and  the  Light  Infantry  Veteran  Association  of  Providence. 

Five  companies  of  the  First  Regiment  New  Hampshire 
Volunteer  Militia  belong  in  Manchester,  together  with  the 
colonel,  William  H.  Maxwell  ;  the  adjutant,  B.  L.  Harts 
horn  ;  and  the  quartermaster,  Nathan  P.  Kidder.  The 
companies  have  not  far  from  fifty  members  each.  The 
Head  Guards,  Company  C,  were  organized  July  25,  1865, 
were  named  for  Gen.  Natt  Head  of  Hooksett,  and  have  an 
armory  in  Lafayette  hall.  Their  captain  is  Charles  H. 
Reed.  The  Straw  Rifles,  Company  E,  John  J.  Dillon,  cap 
tain,  were  organized  March  17, 1873,  were  named  in  honor 
of  Ex-Gov.  E.  A.  Straw  of  this  city,  and  have  an  armory  in 
Merchants'  Exchange.  The  Haines  Rifles,  Company  F, 
were  organized  as  the  Clark  Guards  January  1,  1868,  and 
subsequently  assumed  their  present  name  in  honor  of  Gen. 
John  M.  Haines  of  Chichester,  then  Adjutant-General  of 
the  state.  Their  armory  is  in  Granite  block  and  their  cap 
tain  is  Jonas  S.  Everett.  The  Sheridan  Guards,  Company 
G,  were  organized  in  August,  1865,  and  named  in  honor  of 
Lieutenant-General  Philip  Sheridan  of  the  regular  army. 
Their  armory  is  in  Brown's  block,  and  their  captain  is 
Patrick  Cullity.  The  Manchester  Veterans,  Company  I, 
were  organized  March  5,  1870,  and  James  M.  House  is 
their  captain.  They  have  about  fifty  men  and  their  arm 
ory  is  in  Grand  Army  hall.  Section  B,  First  Light  Bat- 


X. 


MILITARY  ORGANIZATIONS.  241 

tery,  was  organized  July  10,  1867,  has  thirty-five  mem 
bers  and  two  field-pieces,  and  its  armory  is  situated  on 
Manchester  street.  Samuel  S.  Piper  is  the  lieutenant  in 
command.  The  High  School  Cadets,  a  company  consist 
ing  for  the  most  part  of  pupils  of  the  high  school,  was  or 
ganized  June  9,  1873,  and  Frank  H.  Challis  is  captain. 

The  organization  called  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lic,  winch  arose  just  after  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  is  rep 
resented  in  Manchester  by  Louis  Bell  Post,  Number  Three. 
January  20,  1868,  the  following  petitioners  for  a  charter  as 
a  u  Post"  of  the  Grand  Army  were  enrolled  as  members 
by  the  authorized  officers:  William  R.  Patten,  Francis  W. 
Parker,  Samuel  F.  Murry,  George  H.  Hubbard,  William 
W.  Brown,  Charles  M.  Whitney,  Alfred  G.  Simons,  Hilas 
D.  Davis,  Edwin  P.  Richardson  and  Timothy  W.  Challis. 
Large  numbers  of  the  soldiers  of  the  late  War  of  the  Re 
bellion  soon  joined,  a  constitution  and  by-laws  were  af 
terwards  adopted  and  a  hall  in  Brown's  block  rented  in 
common  with  the  Manchester  Veterans,  but  subsequently 
they  removed  to  their  present  armory  in  Weeks's  block. 
March  3,  1869,  articles  of  incorporation  were  adopted  and 
recorded  according  to  the  legal  form.  December  29, 1869, 
the  association  formally  assumed  the  name  of  Louis  Bell 
Post  in  honor  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Louis  Bell  of 
Farmington,  who  was  killed  by  the  rebels  at  Fort  Fisher, 
Va.,  January  15,  1865,  while  colonel  of  the  Fourth  New 
Hampshire  Regiment  and  commanding  a  brigade  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

The  association  was  formed  for  social  and  for  charitable 
purposes  and  has  kept  both  ends  in  view  during  its  exist 
ence.  By  the  help  of  several  fairs,  which  the  citizens  of 
Manchester  have  been  glad  to  assist  in  making  successful, 
funds  for  the  relief  of  needy  comrades  have  been  supplied, 
and  have  been  freely  bestowed  when  necessary.  Of  late 
the  cultivation  of  social  feeling  among  the  members  has 


242  MANCHESTER. 

been  promoted  by  a  series  of  gatherings  under  the  name  of 
"  camp-fires,"  at  which  the  veterans  delight  to  "  fight  their 
battles  o'er  again."  This  post  is  the  largest  in  the  state, 
and  the  members  of  no  organization  are  united  by  stronger 
bonds  of  friendship  and  sympathy  than  those  which  not 
only  keep  Louis  Bell  Post  from  dissolution  but  seem  to 
make  it  firmer  year  by  year.  Under  the  auspices  of  this 
post  u  Decoration  Day,"  the  thirtieth  of  May,  is  annually 
observed  in  this  city  with  becoming  ceremonies. 

The  commanders  of  the  post  and  the  date  of  their  elec 
tion  follow : 

William  R.  Patten,  January  20,  1868. 
Reuben  Dodge,  June  26,  1868. 
Timothy  W.  Chain's,  December  30,  1868. 
James  M.  House,  June  30, 1869. 
Reuben  Dodge,  December  29,  1869. 
William  H.  Vickery,  December  28,  1870. 
Charles  B.  Bradley,  December  29,  1871. 
Silas  R.  Wallace,  December  17,  1872. 
George  H.  Dodge,  December  30,  1873. 
Samuel  S.  Piper,  December  29,  1874. 

MANCHESTER    ART    ASSOCIATION. 

This  society  was  formed  in  September,  1871,  by  a  few 
ladies  and  gentlemen  who  were  interested  in  art  for  its 
own  sake  or  because  they  gained  a  livelihood  by  it,  and  its 
origin  as  well  as  its  subsequent  prosperity  is  due  in  great 
measure  to  Henry  W.  Herrick,  an  artist  of  this  city  and 
the  president  of  the  association.  The  primary  idea  in  its 
formation  was  to  furnish  facilities  for  mutual  study  and  in 
struction  in  reference  to  art  matters.  It  grew  to  such  an 
extent  that  during  its  second  year  it  was  established  in 
rooms  in  the  county  court-house  which  had  been  fitted  for 
its  uses.  As  it  was  able,  it  added  to  its  possessions  casts, 
models  and  books,  which  were  either  contributed  by  citi 
zens  or  were  bought  from  the  proceeds  of  exhibitions,  sev 
eral  of  which  have  been  successfully  held. 


MISCELLANEOUS  SOCIETIES.  243 

It  now  rests  upon  a  permanent  basis,  articles  of  incorpo 
ration  having  been  adopted  October  13,  1874.  Its  library, 
whose  contents  have  in  most  cases  been  chosen  with  refer 
ence  to  the  various  trades  in  which  the  study  of  art  is  of 
use  and  which  therefore  are  of  a  practical  educational 
character,  now  numbers  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  volumes. 
The  rooms  contain  a  number  of  charts  and  diagrams  and 
fifty  plaster  casts,  most  of  which  are  the  best  examples  of 
the  antique.  It  has  a  present  membership  of  over  two 
hundred  and  twenty-five  persons,  some  of  whom  are  profes 
sional  and  others  amateur  artists,  others  engaged  in  the  dif 
ferent  trades  and  who  find  the  association  helpful,  and  oth 
ers  still  who  are  led  to  become  members  solely  by  aesthetic 
tastes.  Its  funds  depend  upon  the  annual  assessments  and 
upon  the  proceeds  of  exhibitions.  It  has,  naturally,  as  it 
grew,  reached  out  into  a  wider  field  and  done  much  to  cul 
tivate  a  general  taste  for  art,  as  well  as  to  instruct  and  as 
sist  its  members. 

OTHER    SOCIETIES. 

The  rest  of  the  societies  include  associations  for  various 
purposes  and  among  them  several  which  are  branches  of 
orders  which  have  but  recently  come  into  existence. 

Granite  State  Council,  Number  One,  of  the  United  Order 
of  American  Mechanics,  was  chartered  March  24,  1873, 
with  the  following  charter  members  :  Timothy  W.  Challis, 
Silas  C.  Clatur,  Levi  L.  Aldrich,  Wesley  E.  Holt,  Nathaniel 
Southard,  B.  L.  Robinson,  B.  L.  Hartshorn,  Emery  E.  Cobb, 
James  Russell,  Joseph  L.  Stevens,  George  H.  Dodge,  Silas 
R.  Wallace,  William  Dickerman,  William  H.  Vickery,  Sam 
uel  Clark,  A.  G.  Simons.  It  was  organized  for  mutual  ben 
efit  to  its  members,  of  whom  there  are  now  about  fifty,  and 
Silas  C.  Clatur  is  its  chief  officer  or  Councillor. 

Amoskeag  Grange,  Number  Three,  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 


244  MANCHESTER. 

was  organized  in  Mirror  hall  August  23, 1873,  as  a  branch  of 
an  order  then  taking  root  all  over  the  country  and  formed 
especially  in  the  interests  of  agriculturists.  Its  charter 
members  are:  John  B.  Clarke,  Daniel  Farmer,  Joseph  Gate, 
Isaac  Huse,  Jeremiah  L.  Fogg,  John  B.  Huse,  John  Hosley, 
Thomas  W.  Lane,  Mrs.  E.  C.  McQueston,  Mrs.  H.  P.  Huse, 
Mrs.  Thomas  W.  Lane,  Miss  Emma  A.  Wilder,  Miss  Mary 
E.  Smith,  Miss  Jennie  E.  Runels,  all  of  Manchester,  and 
Edward  C.  Shirley  of  Goffstown.  It  exists  for  social  and 
pecuniary  benefit  and  has  now  about  eighty  members  —  res 
idents  of  this  city,  Bedford,  Goffstown  and  Candia.  John 
B.  Clarke  has  been  its  Master  and  John  Hosley  its  sec 
retary  since  its  organization.  There  are  now  over  fifty 
granges  in  the  state  and  the  State  Grange  was  organized  in 
this  city  December  23,  1873,  at  the  Grand  Army  hall. 

Onward  Council,  Number  Three,  Sovereigns  of  Industry, 
was  formed  January  25,  1874,  being  a  branch  of  a  national 
order  which  spread  among  mechanics  and  artisans  very 
much  as  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  a  little  before,  had 
spread  among  the  farmers.  Its  charter  members  were : 
John  J.  Dillon,  Henry  French,  Alonzo  Durgin,  Charles  M. 
Wise,  George  W.  Thayer,  Joseph  L.  Stevens,  Bradley  B. 
Aldrich,  George  R.  Simmons,  Thomas  C  Cheney,  B.  F. 
Garland,  L.  L.  Sweatt,  Rufus  Wilkinson,  Charles  H.  G. 
Foss,  E.  L.  Carpenter,  Atherton  W.  Quint.  It  has  grown 
very  rapidly,  having  now  over  three  hundred  members,  and 
Charles  H.  G.  Foss  is  its  president.  There  are  now  four 
teen  councils  in  the  state,  and  the  State  Council  was  formed 
in  this  city  December  22,  1874. 

The  Irishmen  of  the  city  have  two  societies.  St.  Pat 
rick's  Mutual  Benefit  and  Protective  Association  was  or 
ganized  March  30,  1868,  and  its  president  is  C.  A.  O'Con 
nor.  Lodge  Number  One,  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians, 
was  organized  in  1871,  has  about  a  hundred  members  and 
James  Moran  is  its  president.  Lodge  Number  Two  was 


MISCELLANEOUS  SOCIETIES.  245 

formed  in  March,  1864,  with  Daniel  F.  Healey  as  its  presi 
dent,  and  grew  up  to  a  membership  of  sixty  persons,  but  is 
not  now  in  existence. 

There  are  three  societies  among  the  Germans.  Granite 
State  Lodge,  Number  One  Hundred  and  Twelve,  Independ 
ent  Order  of  Red  Men,  was  formed  in  1868  and  has  now 
about  fifty  members.  Charles  Uhlig  is  its  First  Chief. 
Barbarossa  Lodge,  Number  Three  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
nine,  of  the  order  of  Harugari,  was  organized  February  5, 
1874,  and  has  about  forty  members.  Hermann  Rittner  is 
the  chief  officer.  The  Turnverein,  a  society  whose  mem 
bers  combine  social  pleasures  and  physical  exercise,  was 
organized  in  1870  and  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  in 
1872.  It  has  about  seventy  members  and  owns  a  hall  and 
grounds  in  Piscataquog  village. 

The  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  is  the  only  association 
among  the  French  residents.  It  was  organized  in  April, 
1871,  has  nearly  two  hundred  members,  and  its  president 
is  E.  L.  Gauvreau. 

Musical  societies  are  few.  The  Manchester  Choral  Union 
is  the  most  important.  It  was  organized  in  its  present 
form,  mainly  through  the  exertions  of  E.  T.  Baldwin,  in 
the  spring  of  1869,  to  take  part  in  the  '•  Peace  Jubilee  "  at 
Boston  in  the  summer  of  that  year.  Since  then  its  tor- 
tunes  and  membership  have  varied,  but  it  is  now  prosper 
ous.  It  has  about  a  hundred  members,  and  Daniel  C. 
Gould  is  its  president.  There  are  two  among  the  Germans 
—  the  Concordia,  with  eighteen  members,  whose  director  is 
Martin  Netzsch,  and  the  Orpheus,  with  ten  members,  whose 
director  is  Frederick  Scheer. 

The  Manchester  Gymnasium  was  organized  August  11, 
1874,  to  afford  its  members  opportunity  for  athletic  exer 
cise.  It  has  now  about  fifty  members  and  Frank  T.  E. 
Richardson  is  its  president.  It  has  rooms  in  Wells'  block 
which  are  supplied  with  gymnastic  apparatus,  and  it  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition. 


246  MANCHESTER. 

The  Forrest  Dramatic  Association  was  formed  in  Janu 
ary,  1874,  by  several  persons  in  the  city  who  are  interested 
in  amateur  theatricals.  It  includes  some  good  actors,  and 
has  given  several  exhibitions.  Its  president  is  George  F. 
Crosby. 

The  Manchester  Printers'  Literary  Association,  was 
formed  February  4,  1875,  by  young  men  employed  in  the 
different  printing-offices  in  the  city,  for  literary  and  social 
enjoyment.  It  has  about  twenty  members  and  its  president 
is  Charles  F.  Coffin. 

A  number  of  prominent  men  of  the  city  organized,  Decem 
ber  24,  1874,  the  Manchester  Social  Union,  a  club  "  for  so 
cial  improvement,  amusement  and  recreation  without  vice." 
It  has  about  a  hundred  and  forty  members  and  its  rooms 
are  in  Merchants'  Exchange.  Its  officers  are:  president, 
Daniel  Clark ;  vice-president,  John  S.  Kidder ;  secretary, 
Nathan  P.  Hunt;  treasurer,  Daniel  W.  Lane;  executive 
committee,  Charles  H.  Bartlett,  George  W.  Dodge,  Charles 
E.  Balch. 

Early  in  February,  1875,  about  twenty  boys  of  the  High 
school  formed  an  organization  under  the  name  of  the  High 
School  Debating  Club,  to  hold  meetings  weekly  for  literary 
exercises.  Frank  H.  Challis  is  its  president. 

FORMER    ASSOCIATIONS. 

Among  associations  of  various  kinds  in  this  city  whose 
day  is  past  the  "  Manchester  District  Medical  Society," 
which  was  organized  in  June,  1841,  and  was  in  existence 
as  late  as  1845,  is  the  only  society  of  physicians  of  which 
record  has  been  preserved.  The  "  Manchester  Mesmeric 
Institute  "  was  formed  in  April.  1843,  for  the  advancement 
of  the  principles  of  mesmerism,  with  the  following  offi 
cers  :  president,  Edward  P.  Offutt ;  vice-president,  Ben 
jamin  Kinsley ;  secretary,  Frederick  Smyth  ;  treasurer, 


MISCELLANEOUS  SOCIETIES.  247 

George  Marston.  It  probably  had  a  brief  existence.  The 
"  Manchester  Academy  "  was  an  association  which  was  or 
ganized,  with  David  A.  Bunton  as  president,  for  educational 
purposes.  Under  its  auspices  a  school  was  opened,  June 
12,  1843,  in  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Lowell 
streets,  and  placed  in  charge  of  A.  M.  Payson.  Subsequent 
principals  were  John  G-.  Sherburne  and  Franklin  Webster. 
It  was  afterwards  kept  in  Harmony  hall,  farther  down  Elm 
street,  and  was  probably  discontinued  about  1846.  This 
was  a  few  years  before  Rodney  Kendall  had  opened  his 
"  select  school  "  in  the  old  chapel  on  Central  street.  He 
afterwards  kept  it  in  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and 
Hanover  streets  and  in  other  places,  continuing  it  till  about 
1860. 

In  1844  there  was  a  stir  among  the  working-men  of  the 
country,  and  in  many  towns  and  cities  they  formed  "  mu 
tual  benefit  associations"  to  protect  themselves  against  real 
or  fancied  injustice  on  the  part  of  their  employers.  One 
of  these  was  organized  in  this  city,  September  7,  1844,  by 
a  number  of  mechanics  and  laborers,  who  met  at  that  time 
at  the  old  Freewill  Baptist  chapel  which  was  then  still  situ 
ated  on  Concord  street.  They  chose  Alonzo  Smith  presi 
dent,  Ebenezer  Cross  vice-president,  J.  C.  Stowell  record 
ing  secretary,  J.  M.  Barnes  corresponding  secretary,  and 
William  H.  Wiggin  treasurer.  These  societies  subsided 
with  the  feeling  which  had  called  them  into  existence. 

The  "  Manchester  Lyceum  "  was  an  association  of  prom 
inent  men  of  the  city  which  was  organized  to  support  a 
course  of  lectures  by  speakers  from  abroad,  usually  having 
twelve  or  fifteen  during  the  winter  in  the  city  hall.  Single 
tickets  were  then  sold  for  ninepence.  The  association  ex 
isted  the  greater  part  of  the  time  between  1850  and  1860. 
About  1856  another  association  was  formed  to  provide  lec 
tures  upon  slavery.  The  number  of  lectures  and  the  price 
of  tickets  corresponded  with  those  the  Manchester  Lyceum 


248  MANCHESTER. 

adopted.  It  had  only  a  brief  existence.  The  "  Manches 
ter  Musical  Education  Society  "  was  organized  in  Decem 
ber,  1849,  had  rehearsals  in  Patten's  hall  and  lived  for  five 
or  six  years.  There  was  an  "  Antiquarian  Sacred  Musical 
Society  "  in  existence  in  1858. 

The  "  Excelsior  Literary  Association,"  a  society  of  clerks, 
printers,  students,  etc.,  was  organized  February  4, 1858,  and 
held  meetings  in  a  hall  in  Smyth's  block,  leasing  it  and  fit 
ting  it  for  use  and  giving  it  the  name  of  "  Excelsior  hall." 
A  few  years  previously  the  "  Manchester  Literary  Associa 
tion  "  had  been  formed,  and  the  two  held  public  debates  in 
the  city  hall.  The  war  terminated  the  existence  of  both. 
The  former  came  to  an  end  in  the  spring  of  1861  and  in 
the  fall  another  association  of  the  same  name  was  formed 
which  survived  a  year  or  two  longer.  About  1856  there 
were  organized  several  companies  for  the  purpose  of  loan 
ing  money  to  members  upon  security,  three  which  existed 
at  that  time  being  termed  the  "  Citizens'  Loan  Fund  Asso 
ciation,"  the  "  Manchester  Loan  and  Fund  Association," 
and  the  "  Mechanics'  Perpetual  Loan  Fund  Association." 
Three  or  four  years  later  another  was  formed  under  the 
name  of  the  "  New  Perpetual  Loan  Fund  Association," 
which  was  in  existence  as  late  as  1866.  The  rest  closed 
their  books  several  years  before.  A  musical  society  called 
the  "  Manchester  Chorus  and  Glee  Club  "  was  formed  in 
November,  1873,  with  William  C.  Gage  as  its  president, 
but  it  lasted  only  through  that  winter. 


POST-OFFICES,  BANKS  AND  IN 
SURANCE   COMPANIES. 

HE  post-office,  iii  contrast  with  the  banks  and  insur- 
ance  companies  which  have  had  existence  in  Man- 
Chester,  was  not  an  institution  called  forth  by  the 
sudden  prosperity  which  was  caused  by  the  building  of  the 
mills  forty  years  ago,  although  there  was  none  in  Manches 
ter  till  1831,  while  the  villages  of  Amoskeag  and  Piscata- 
quog  had  long  since  been  in  possession  of  them.  There  are 
now  three  :  one  in  the  city  proper,  one  at  Amoskeag  vil 
lage  and  one  at  Goffe's  Falls.  The  banks,  again,  in  dis 
tinction  from  the  insurance  companies,  have  flourished  un 
interruptedly  since  their  organization,  and  there  are  now 
four  national  banks  and  five  savings  banks,  while  the  in 
surance  companies  have  generally  been  formed  only  to 
perish,  there  being  but  one  now  in  existence  and  that  of 
recent  origin. 

POST-OFFICES. 

On  the  completion  in  1831  of  the  Mammoth  road  —  the 
old  stage  route  from  Lowell  to  Concord,  passing  through 
what  was  then  the  most  thickly  settled  part  of  Manches 
ter  —  a  post-office  was  established  at  the  Centre,  and  Sam 
uel  Jackson,  the  father  of  Albert  and  Samuel  P.  Jackson 
of  this  city,  was  appointed  postmaster  by  the  president, 
Andrew  Jackson.  Daily,  as  the  stage  came  by  from  the 
north  or  south,  the  contents  of  the  mail-bag  were  exam- 

16 


250  MANCHESTER. 

ined  and  the  letters  for  the  office  were  taken  out  and  those 
to  be  mailed  were  forwarded. 

When  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  began  to 
lay  the  foundation  of  the  present  city  along  the  river-bank 
in  1838  and  1839,  it  was  found  to  be  inconvenient  for  the 
people,  then  fast  settling,  to  go  to  the  Centre  for  their  mail, 
and  consequently  in  February,  1840,  a  new  office  was  es 
tablished  in  Duncklee's  block,  now  occupied   by  John   M. 
Chandler  &  Company  and  Ira  Moore,  in  the  part  used  by 
Mr.  Moore,  and  Jesse  Duncklee  was  appointed  postmaster 
by  Martin  Van  Buren.     The  name  of  the  office  at  the  Cen 
tre  was  changed  to  that  of  Manchester  Centre  office,  but 
soon  afterwards,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  postmaster,  Mr. 
Jackson,  it  was  deemed  inexpedient  to  keep  two  offices  in 
operation   and   thus  compel  individuals  to  search  both  to 
find  their  letters,  so  Mr.  Jackson  resigned  and  the  office 
at  the  Centre  was  discontinued   several  months  after  the 
new  one  had  been  located  in  what  was   then    known   as 
"  Amoskeag  new  village."     Mr.  Duncklee  had  been  in  fee 
ble  health  and  died  in  March,  1840,  without  ever  having 
been  able  to  attend  personally  to  the  duties  of  his  office. 
The  vacancy  thus  caused  was  filled  by  the  appointment  of 
Paul  Cragin,  jr.,  who  also  received  his  commission  from 
Van  Buren,  and  who  took  charge   of  the   office  April   23, 
1840.     Upon  the  completion  of  the  town  hall  in  1841  the 
post-office  was  removed   to  that   building.     When  it  was 
burned  in  1844,  the  office  was  removed  to  Mr.  Cragin's 
house   on   Hanover  street,  the   second    house   east  of  the 
First  Congregational  church,  the  present  residence  of  Dr. 
Charles  Wells.     It  remained  there  but  a  few  weeks   and 
was  then  kept  in  a  u  ten-footer"  on  Hanover  street  owned 
by  George  A.  Barnes,  near  its  present  location.     Upon  the 
rebuilding  in  1845  of  the  town  hall,  the  present  city  hall, 
the  office  was  once  more  established  in  it,  in  the  southwest 
corner. 


POST  OFFICES.  251 

In  1845  Warren  L.  Lane,  appointed  by  James  K.  Polk, 
succeeded  Mr.  Cragin  as  postmaster  and  held  the  office  till 
1849,  when  Zachary  Taylor,  a  whig  president,  gave  the 
place  to  James  Hersey.  When  a  Democratic  administra 
tion  again  assumed  control  in  1853  with  Franklin  Pierce  at 
its  head,  Col.  Thomas  P.  Pierce  was  made  postmaster,  and 
kept  the  place  two  terms,  David  J.  Clark  being  appointed 
by  Abraham  Lincoln  in  1861.  The  office  had  been  removed 
in  the  spring  of  1854  to  its  present  quarters  in  a  building  on 
Hanover  street  which  was  erected  by  Col.  Pierce  and  Isaac 
C.  Flanders.  Mr.  C'ark  held  the  office  one  term  and  was 
re-appointed,  but  died  in  1865,  shortly  after  his  second  term 
began,  and  Col.  Bradbury  P.  Cilley  was  appointed  by  An 
drew  Johnson.  He  was  succeeded  in  1870  by  Joseph  L. 
Stevens,  appointed  by  Ulysses  S.  Grant. 

The  first  clerk  was  Jason  Weston,  now  in  the  employ  of 
the  Manchester  Gas-Light  Company,  who  was  employed  by 
Mr.  Cragin  in  1841  and  continued  in  the  office  till  1854. 
Daniel  W.  Lane,  assistant  cashier  in  the  City  Bank,  was 
for  several  years  head  clerk,  and  John  T.  Spofford,  who 
now  holds  that  place,  began  service  in  1862.  Joel  Taylor, 
who  is  at  the  head  of  the  postal  delivery  force,  was  ap 
pointed  July  1,  1849,  and  advertised  about  that  time  in  the 
daily  papers  that  he  would,  for  two  cents  each,  deliver  let 
ters  immediately  upon  their  arrival,  when  directed  to  a  par 
ticular  street  and  number,  and  "  thus  prevent  their  being 
taken  out  and  read  by  others  of  the  same  name  and  per 
haps  never  returned."  The  free-delivery  system  was  not 
established  till  August,  1865.  Mr.  Taylor  continued  car 
rier  till  1856,  when  he  resigned  his  position  and  was  elect 
ed  city  clerk.  After  a  year  or  more  he  resumed  his  old 
place  and  remained  in  it  till  August,  1861,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  another.  He  again  became  carrier  in  Febru 
ary,  1866,  and  still  holds  the  position. 

It  requires  some  effort   of  the  imagination  to  see  Mr. 


252  MANCHESTER. 

Jackson  sorting  letters  in  his  office  at  Manchester  Centre 
while  the  stage  waited,  forty  years  ago.  The  office  of  which 
he  was  the  first  occupant  now  employs  a  postmaster  with  a 
salary  of  twenty-six  hundred  dollars,  three  clerks,  seven 
letter-carriers  and  a  mail-messenger ;  has  thirty  collection- 
boxes  scattered  over  the  city,  none  of  which  is  near  the 
Mammoth  road ;  sends  and  receives  thirty-one  mail-bags 
daily,  besides  newspaper-sacks  ;  and  nearly  six  hundred 
different  papers  and  periodicals  come  to  it  yearly  for  reg 
ular  subscribers.  Its  indefatigable  carriers  deliver  annu 
ally  a  million  letters  and  newspapers  and  collect  a  third  as 
many  ;  eighteen  hundred  letters  are  registered  and  twelve 
hundred  registered  letters  received  ;  forty-nine  hundred 
money-orders  are  issued,  representing  ninety  thousand  dol 
lars,  and  thirty-eight  hundred  paid,  amounting  to  eighty 
thousand  dollars  ;  and  seven  thousand  dollars  are  sent  to 
Great  Britain  in  money-orders. 

The  postal  force  at  the  present  time  consists  of  the  post 
master —  Joseph  L.  Stevens;  clerks  —  John  T.  Spofford, 
James  M.  House,  Charles  8.  Stevens;  letter-carriers — Joel 
Taylor,  Calvin  A.  Jones,  Edwin  C.  Paul,  Henry  M.  Pills- 
bury,  Harvey  L.  Currier,  William  H.  Richmond,  Henry  B. 
Gillette;  mail-messenger  —  Luther  A.  Ward. 

Though  the  post-office  in  Piscataquog  village  was  discon 
tinued  eight  or  ten  years  before  that  part  of  Bedford  was 
annexed  to  Manchester,  yet  it  has  an  interest  to  those  who 
have  lived  in  this  city  while  it  was  in  existence.  It  was 
the  earliest  office  established  in  this  immediate  vicinity, 
fifteen  years  before  there  was  any  office  in  Manchester  at 
all  and  half -as  many  before  one  was  started  at  Amoskeag 
village.  In  1816,  the  time  when  inland  commerce  was  car 
ried  on  with  the  help  of  the  Merrimack  river,  and  the  old 
settlers — among  whom  were  Joseph  M.  Rowell,  Samuel  B. 
Kidder  and  Samuel  Hall — were  boatmen,  an  office  was  es 
tablished  in  Piscataquog  village  to  satisty  a  growing  de- 


POST  OFFICES.  253 

mand,  and  James  Parker  was  appointed  postmaster.  Pre 
vious  to  that  time  the  dwellers  in  that  vicinity  obtained 
their  mail  from  a  post-rider,  who  came  through  the  village 
on  his  way  from  Amherst  to  Concord.  Through  such  cir 
cuitous  channels  and  by  such  slow  conveyances  were  letters 
carried  that  two  weeks  was  required  for  one  from  Gilman- 
ton  to  reach  Piscataquog.  In  1829  "  Squire  Parker,"  as 
he  was  generally  known,  was  succeeded  by  Jonas  B.  Bow 
man,  and  he  in  1830  by  James  McKeen  Wilkins.  The  lat 
ter  resigned  in  1835  and  Col.  John  S.  Kidder  took  his  place 
and  remained  in  it  till  1838.  He  was  followed  by  Leonard 
Rundlett  who  occupied  the  position  till  the  discontinuance 
of  the  office  in  Piscataquog  about  1840. 

About  the  time  that  manufacturing  was  begun  in  earnest 
at  Amoskeag  village,  then  a  part  of  Goffstown,  the  nearest 
post-office  in  the  town  was  situated  at  Goffstown  Centre,  a 
place  inconvenient  on  account  both  of  distance  and  direc 
tion.  About  1828,  therefore,  an  office  was  established  in 
Amoskeag  village  in  a  building  then  owned  by  the  manu 
facturing  corporation  which  preceded  the  Amoskeag  Com 
pany  and  used  more  recently  as  a  shoe-shop,  and  Samuel 
Kimball  was  the  first  postmaster,  being  succeeded  in  1830 
by  Dr.  Oliver  Dean,  the  agent  of  the  Company,  who  was 
followed  in  1835  by  Richard  Kimball.  He  held  the  place 
till  his  death  in  the  fall  of  1837,  when  W.  H.  Kimball  was 
postmaster  one  year,  and  then  in  1840  the  office  was  re 
moved  from  the  shop  to  the  tavern,  and  the  tavern-keeper, 
Hugh  Moore,  became  postmaster.  It  was  subsequently 
moved  back  to  the  shop  where  was  a  store  of  which  John 
Ellison  and  Darwin  J.  Daniels  had  become  proprietors, 
and  the  latter  succeeded  Mr.  Moore  in  1845.  In  1848  and 
1849  A.  B.  Smith  was  postmaster.  Joseph  B.  Quimby 
bought  the  store  and  was  appointed  postmaster  in  1850. 
About  1855  the  office  was  moved  to  the  brick  store  where 
it  is  now  kept  and  which  had  been  built  in  1829  for  S.  K., 


254  MANCHESTER. 

Walter  B.  and  Joseph  Jones  to  occupy.  Walter  B.  Jones 
was  then  made  postmaster  and  continued  such  till  1860, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Joseph,  who  held 
the  position  till  about  1867,  when  the  office  returned  once 
more  to  the  shoe-shop  and  Thomas  S.  Montgomery  was  ap 
pointed  postmaster.  When  the  shop  was  burned  soon  after, 
the  office  was  located  in  the  brick  store  again,  and  in  1871 
Harris  Jesse  Poore,  the  present  postmaster,  was  appointed 
to  succeed  Mr.  Montgomery. 

Through  the  efforts  of  some  of  the  dwellers  at  Goffe's 
Falls  a  post-office  was  established  in  the  passenger-station 
of  the  Concord  railway  at  that  place  in  1872,  when  the 
manufacturing  industry  there  had  been  newly  awakened 
and  the  office  in  Manchester  was  lound  to  be  too  far  for 
convenience.  Isaac  W.  Darrah  was  the  first  postmaster, 
and,  upon  his  removal  from  the  village  about  1865,  he  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  postmaster  —  Nathaniel  Moore. 

BANKS. 

The  first  approach,  probably,  to  a  bank  in  Manchester 
was  the  system  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company 
adopted,  not  long  after  its  operations  had  assumed  a  con 
siderable  magnitude,  which  enabled  those  in  its  employ  to 
trust  their  earnings  to  its  keeping.  This  plan  was  begun 
in  1842  and  continued  till  September,  1856,  when  the  Com 
pany  refused  to  receive  any  more  deposits.  At  that  time 
the  sum  in  its  hands  was  not  far  from  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  and  it  was  gradually  paid  back  as  the  depositors 
called  for  it.  About  three  thousand  dollars  were  left  in 
1863  and  a  few  hundreds  remained  five  years  later,  but  the 
money  has  since  been  all  paid  out.  The  whole  system  was 
merely  incidental  to  the  Company's  business.  No  especial 
investments  or  loans  were  made  on  account  of  the  deposits, 
the  paymaster  did  this  business  as  he  did  the  rest,  and  the 


BANKS.  255 

accounts  were  kept  as  in  other  departments  of  the  Compa 
ny's  business. 

The  Manchester  Bank,  chartered  by  the  state  in  Decem 
ber,  1844,  was  organized  in  1845  with  the  following  direct 
ors :  Samuel  D.  Bell,  Hiram  Brown,  Jacob  G.  Cilley.  Isaac 
C.  Flanders,  Walter  French,  William  C.  Clarke  and  Nathan 
Parker.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  July,  1845,  James  U. 
Parker,  Samuel  D.  Bell,  David  A.  Bunton,  Hiram  Brown, 
Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt,  William  C.  Clarke  and  Isaac  Riddle 
were  chosen  directors.  James  U.  Parker  was  elected  pres 
ident,  and  Nathan  Parker  cashier,  both  continuing  in  office 
till  the  bank  ceased  to  do  business. 

The  bank  began  operations  September  2, 1845,  in  Patten's 
building,  with  a  capital  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  which  was 
increased  in  1847  to  seventy-five  thousand  and  in  1848  to 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  In  1850  ten  thousand  dol 
lars  were  added,  and,  two  years  later,  fifteen  thousand, 
making  a  capital  in  1852  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars. 

In  1848,  upon  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Bell,  George  W. 
Pinkerton  was  elected  a  director  in  his  place,  and  in  1849 
Daniel  Watts  of  Londonderry  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr. 
Clarke,  resigned.  Mr.  Pinkerton  resigned  in  1853  and 
went  to  Derry,  David  Gillis  being  chosen  in  his  place.  In 
1854  Mr.  Brown  resigned  and  went  to  California  and  John 
H.  Maynard  succeeded  him.  Patten's  building  was  burned 
February  5,  1856,  and  the  bank  was  moved  to  Merchants' 
Exchange,  being  taken  across  the  street  in  the  fall  to  the 
rooms  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Market  streets  now  occu 
pied  by  the  Manchester  National  Bank. 

In  1858,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Watts,  Gilman  H.  Kim- 
ball  was  elected  a  director.  In  1860,  upon  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  Gillis  and  his  removal  to  Nashua,  Benjamin  F.  Mar 
tin  was  chosen  to  succeed  him,  and  in  1864  Phinehas  Ad 
ams  succeeded  Mr.  Riddle.  In  1865,  upon  the  decease  of 


256  MANCHESTER. 

Mr.  Hunt,  Charles  Chase  was  elected  in  his  stead  and  the 
officers  were  as  follows :  James  U.  Parker,  president ;  Na 
than  Parker,  cashier;  James  U.  Parker,  David  A.  Bunton, 
John  H.  Maynard,  Phinehas  Adams,  Benjamin  F.  Martin, 
Charles  Chase,  directors.  In  1866  the  bank  ceased  doing 
business,  and  in  that  year  and  the  spring  of  1867  the  stock 
holders  were  paid  dividends  of  one  hundred  and  forty  dol 
lars  per  share,  and  there  is  still  a  small  balance  of  profits 
to  be  divided  among  them.  The  semi-annual  dividends 
were  about  four  per  cent,  on  an  average. 

The  Manchester  National  Bank,  which  succeeded  to  the 
business  and  location  of  the  old  Manchester  Bank,  was  or 
ganized  in  April,  1865,  under  an  act  of  Congress,  by  the 
choice  of  the  following  officers  :  Nathan  Parker,  president ; 
Charles  E.  Balch,  cashier ;  Nathan  Parker,  Benjamin  F. 
Martin,  Phinehas  Adams,  Oilman  H.  Kimball,  John  H. 
Maynard,  David  A.  Bunton  and  Horace  P.  Watts,  direct 
ors.  The  only  change  was  made  in  February,  1874,  when 
Aretas  Blood  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  Kimball.  The  bank  began  business  in  1865 
with  a  capital  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was 
increased,  April  2, 1872,  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand. 
It  has  paid  semi-annual  dividends  of  five  per  cent,  and  now 
has  a  surplus  of  fifty-five  thousand  dollars. 

The  Manchester  Savings  Bank,  which  occupied  rooms  in 
common  with  the  Manchester  Bank  during  its  existence, 
and  now  shares  those  of  the  Manchester  National  Bank, 
was  chartered  July  8,  1846,  beginning  business  the  same 
year.  It  was  organized  with  the  following  officers :  Sam 
uel  D.  Bell,  president ;  John  A.  Burnham,  Daniel  Clark, 
Herman  Foster,  Nahum  Baldwin,  George  Porter,  David 
Gillis,  William  P.  Newell,  Hiram  Brown,  trustees.  Nathan 
Parker  was  chosen-  treasurer  and  has  held  the  office  ever 
since. 

In  1847,  upon  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Bell  as  president 


BANKS.  257 

and  trustee,  Hiram  Brown  was  elected  in  his  stead  as 
president,  and  Nathan  Parker  as  trustee.  The  same  year 
George  W.  Pinkerton  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr.  Burn- 
ham,  resigned.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  1848  William 
P.  Newell  was  elected  president,  continuing  such  to  the 
present  time,  and  Daniel  Clark,  Herman  Foster,  Nahum 
Baldwin,  George  Porter,  David  Gillis,  Oliver  W.  Bayley, 
George  W.  Pinkerton  and  Nathan  Parker,  trustees.  They 
were  re-elected  in  1846,  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Bayley, 
who  was  succeeded  by  Phinehas  Adams.  In  1852  Messrs. 
Porter  and  Pinkerton  were  succeeded  by  William  C.  Clarke 
and  J.  T.  P.  Hunt.  In  1856  Josiah  Crosby  was  chosen  in 
the  stead  of  Mr.  Gillis.  In  1864  David  A.  Bunton  was 
elected  in  place  of  Mr.  Baldwin.  In  1865,  upon  the  death 
of  Mr.  Hunt,  Benjamin  F.  Martin  was  elected  a  trustee, 
and  in  1872  Charles  E.  Balch  was  chosen  to  fill  the  va 
cancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Clarke.  By  the  decease 
in  the  early  part  of  1875  of  Messrs.  Crosby  and  Foster  two 
vacancies  were  caused  in  the  board. 

The  present  officers  are:  William  P.  Newell,  president; 
Nathan  Parker,  treasurer;  Charles  E.  Balch,  cashier;  Dan 
iel  Clark,  Phinehas  Adams,  Nathan  Parker,  Benjamin  F. 
Martin,  David  A.  Bunton,  Charles  E.  Balch,  trustees.  The 
deposits  at  present  are  about  two  million  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  the  interest  paid  depositors 
up  to  July,  1873,  has  been  equal  to  six  and  a  half  per  cent, 
annually. 

The  Amoskeag  Bank  was  incorporated  by  the  state  June 
24,  1848,  and  began  business  in  October  of  that  year  with 
a  capital  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  in 
creased,  August  5,  1850,  by  one-half,  and,  August  7,  1854, 
was  raised  to  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  At  the  first 
meeting  of  the  bank,  October  2,  1848,  Richard  H.  Ayer, 
Samuel  D.  Bell,  Mace  Moulton,  Stephen  D.  Green,  John  S. 
Kidder,  Stephen  Manahan  and  Edson  Hill  were  elected  di. 


258  MANCHESTER. 

rectors.  Richard  H.  Ayer  was  chosen  president,  and  Moody 
Currier,  cashier.  In  1849,  Mr.  Green  having  left  the  city, 
Robert  Read  was  elected  a  director  in  his  place.  In  1850, 
Mr.  Hill  having  left  the  city  and  Mr.  Manahan  having  sold 
his  stock,  there  were  caused  two  vacancies  in  the  board  of 
directors,  which  were  filled  by  the  election  of  Isaac  C.  Flan 
ders  and  Walter  French. 

In  1852  Ezekiel  A.  Straw  was  elected  a  director  to  suc 
ceed  Mr.  Read,  who  had  gone  to  Nashua.  At  a  directors' 
meeting,  February  14,  1853,  Mr.  Ayer  having  deceased, 
Herman  Foster  was  elected  a  director  in  his  place,  and 
Walter  French  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  as  president. 
Reuben  D.  Mooers  was  elected  a  director  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Bell.  At  a  directors'  meet 
ing,  May  9,  1853,  John  S.  Kidder  was  elected  president  to 
succeed  Mr.  French,  who  was  killed  by  a  railway  accident  at 
Norwalk,  Conn.  The  latter's  place  in  the  board  of  directors 
was  filled  at  the  annual  meeting  of  1854  by  the  election  of 
Amos  G.  Gale,  and  James  M.  Berry  was  chosen  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Flanders. 

In  1855  Adam  Chandler  was  elected  a  director  in  place 
of  Mr.  Berry,  deceased,  and  in  1861  Henry  Putney  was 
elected  a  director  in  place  of  Mr.  Gale,  deceased.  In  1862, 
Mr.  Mooers  having  left  town,  Edson  Hill  was  chosen  a  di 
rector  to  succeed  him.  March  1,  1866,  a  new  bank  having 
been  organized  under  United  States  control,  the  stock  of 
the  old  bank  was  reduced  to  one  hundred  thousand  dol 
lars ;  July  1,  to  twenty  thousand  dollars;  and,  October  1, 
the  balance  was  paid  to  the  stockholders.  In  1868,  Messrs. 
Moulton  and  Putney  having  died  and  Mr.  Chandler  having 
resigned,  Daniel  F.  Straw,  Lucien  B.  Clough  and  George 
B.  Chandler  were  elected  directors  in  their  stead.  The  af 
fairs  of  the  bank  were  closed  that  year. 

It  had  already  been  practically  succeeded  by  the  Am- 
oskeag  National  Bank,  which  was  organized  November  1, 


BANKS.  259 

1864,  with  a  capital  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
which  was  increased,  June  12,  1865,  to  two  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars.  At  the  time  of  organization  Moody  Currier 
was  elected  president  and  George  B.  Chandler  cashier, 
both  of  whom  still  hold  their  respective  offices.  The  di 
rectors  elected  at  that  time  were  :  Moody  Currier,  John 
S.  Kidder,  Stephen  D.  Green,  Edson  Hill,  Henry  Putney, 
Adam  Chandler,  Daniel  Clark,  Darwin  J.  Daniels  and 
Horace  Johnson.  January  9,  1866,  Mr.  Daniels  having 
died,  Stevens  James  was  chosen  in  his  stead.  January  8, 
1867,  Otis  Barton  and  John  S.  Elliot  were  elected  to  fill 
the  places  of  Messrs.  Clark  and  Putney.  In  place  of  Adam 
Chandler  and  Mr.  Johnson,  Reed  P.  Silver  and  Henry 
Chandler  were  chosen,  January  14,  1868.  January  10, 
1871,  Herman  Foster  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Mr.  James.  January  13,  1874,  David  B. 
Varney  was  elected  in  the  stead  of  Mr.  Barton.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  directors,  March  1,  1875,  John  B.  Varick 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Foster. 

From  its  start  in  1848  till  June,  1870,  the  bank  had  oc 
cupied  the  rooms  in  the  second  story  of  Union  building  on 
Market  street  now  used  by  the  Manchester  Gas-Light  Com 
pany,  but  then  it  exchanged  them  for  its  present  quarters  in 
Merchants'  Exchange.  The  present  officers  are  :  Moody 
Currier,  president ;  George  B.  Chandler,  cashier ;  Moody 
Currier,  John  S.  Kidder,  Stephen  D.  Green,  Edson  Hill, 
John  S.  Elliot,  Reed  P.  Silver,  Henry  Chandler,  David  B. 
Varney,  John  B.  Varick,  directors. 

The  Amoskeag  Savings  Bank,  which  has  occupied  rooms 
with  the  state  and  national  bank  of  the  same  name,  was 
chartered  June  19,  1852,  and  held  its  first  meeting  four 
days  later,  when  Walter  French  was  elected  president ; 
Isaac  C.  Flanders,  William  Richardson,  Frederick  Smyth, 
Samuel  H.  Ayer,  Jacob  G.  Cilley,  John  S.  Kidder,  Timo- 


260  MANCHESTER. 

thy  W.  Little  and  Stephen  Manahan,  trustees.  At  the  first 
meeting  of  the  trustees,  June  24,  Moody  Currier  was  ap 
pointed  treasurer.  At  the  first  annual  meeting,  June  30, 
1853,  Mr.  Ayer  declined  a  re-election  and  Oliver  W.  Bay- 
ley  was  chosen  in  his  stead,  and  Mace  Moulton  was  elected 
president  in  place  of  Mr.  French,  deceased.  June  28, 
1855,  Joseph  Knowlton  was  elected  in  place  of  Mr.  Smyth. 
July  2,  1857,  Stephen  D.  Green,  Stevens  James  and  War 
ren  L.  Lane  were  chosen  to  succeed  Messrs.  Flanders,  Kid- 
der  and  Bayley.  Stevens  James  was  succeeded,  June  24, 
1858,  by  Jacob  F.  James. 

June  30, 1859,  Moody  Currier  and  Justus  D.  Watson  were 
chosen  to  fill  the  vacancies  caused  by  the  death  of  Messrs. 
Manahan  and  Lane.  June  27,  1861,  William  Whittle  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Rich 
ardson.  June  26,  1862,  Darwin  J.  Daniels  was  chosen  in 
the  stead  of  Mr.  Currier.  June  25,  1863,  Messrs.  Daniels 
and  Little  having  died,  Moody  Currier  and  Benjamin  F. 
Martin  were  elected  in  their  stead.  June  30,  1864,  Ste 
vens  James  was  chosen  in  place  of  Mr.  Watson,  deceased. 
June  29,  1865,  Mace  Moulton  and  Henry  C.  Merrill  were 
elected,  one  in  place  of  Mr.  Knowlton,  deceased,  and  the 
other  in  place  of  Mr.  Martin.  At  a  special  meeting,  March 
13,  1867,  Mr.  Moulton  having  died,  Moody  Currier  was 
elected  in  his  stead  as  president,  and  George  B.  Chandler 
as  trustee.  June  25,  1868,  Joseph  E.  Bennett  was  chosen 
to  succeed  Stevens  James.  June  24,  1869,  Lucien  B. 
Clough  was  elected  in  the  stead  of  Mr.  Whittle.  June  30, 
1870,  James  A.  Weston  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr.  Chan 
dler.  June  29,  1871,  George  W.  Riddle  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Cilley. 

The  present  officers  are:  president  and  treasurer,  Moody 
Currier ;  trustees,  Moody  Currier,  Stephen  D.  Green,  Ja 
cob  F.  James,  Henry  C.  Merrill,  Joseph  E.  Bennett,  Lucien 
B.  Clough,  James  A.  Weston,  George  W.  Riddle.  The 
amount  of  deposits  is  about  three  million  dollars. 


BANKS.  261 

The  City  Bank  was  chartered  by  the  state  July  2,  1853, 
and  was  organized  that  year  with  the  following  officers : 
Isaac  C.  Flanders,  president ;  Edward  W.  Harrington,  cash 
ier  ;  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  Samuel  W.  Parsons,  Joseph  Kidder, 
William  C.  Clarke,  Oliver  Bayley,  William  H.  Hill,  Andrew 
G.  Tucker,  directors.  In  1859  Joseph  A.  Haines  was 
elected  a  director  to  succeed  Mr.  Bayley,  who  went  to  Bos 
ton.  In  1863  Clinton  W.  Stanley  took  the  place  of  Mr. 
Clarke  and  David  R.  Leach  succeeded  Mr.  Hill. 

The  bank  commenced  business  in  1853  with  a  capital  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  increased  to  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  the  next  year.  It  paid  annual 
dividends  of  eight  per  cent,  while  it  remained  a  state  bank. 
In  August,  1865,  it  was  converted  into  the  City  National 
Bank,  at  which  time  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  who  had  been  its 
president  from  the  organization,  presented  his  resignation 
as  president  and  director.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  former 
capacity  by  Clinton  W.  Stanley  and  in  the  latter  by  Alpheus 
Gay.  In  1868  Mr.  Tucker  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Mor 
gan.  Daniel  W.  Lane,  who  had  been  connected  with  the 
bank  since  1855,  became  in  1865  assistant  cashier.  The 
bank  at  first  occupied  rooms  in  the  block  on  the  southern 
corner  of  Elm  and  Hanover  streets,  built  by  P.  B.  Putney 
and  George  A.  Barnes,  but  a  few  months  later  it  was 
moved  into  the  building  now  occupied  by  the  post-office 
ai:d  which  was  built  by  Col.  Thomas  P.  Pierce,  then  post 
master,  and  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  president  of  the  bank.  In 
December,  1870,  it  was  moved  to  its  present  location  in  the 
south-east  corner  of  Merchants'  Exchange.  The  present 
officers  are :  Clinton  W.  Stanley,  president ;  Edward  W. 
Harrington,  cashier;  Daniel  W.  Lane,  assistant  cashier; 
Clinton  W.  Stanley,  David  R.  Leach,  Samuel  W.  Pardons, 
Joseph  Kidder,  Thomas  Morgan,  Joseph  A.  Haines,  Al 
pheus  Gay,  directors.  The  bank  has  paid  eight  annual 
dividends  of  eight  per  cent,  since  it  started,  and  now  has  a 
surplus  uf  seven  thousand  dollars. 


262  MANCHESTER. 

The  City  Savings  Bank,  which  has  occupied  the  same 
rooms  as  the  City  Bank  and  its  successor,  was  chartered 
June  25,  1859,  and  was  organized  in  August  with  the  fol 
lowing  officers :  Joseph  Kidder,  president ;  Edward  W. 
Harrington,  treasurer  ;  Samuel  W.  Parsons,  James  Hersey, 
John  D.  Bean,  R.  N.  Batchelder,  James  S.  Cheney,  Andrew 
G.  Tucker,  J.  C.  Ricker,  Bradbury  P.  Cilley,  James  S. 
Cogswell,  John  F.  Duncklee,  trustees.  In  1861  John  C. 
Young  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Duncklee,  who  removed 
to  Boston.  In  1863,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Cogswell, 
Lewis  W.  Clark  was  chosen  in  his  stead.  In  1864  William 
H.  Boyd  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Hersey,  deceased.  In 
1867  Mr.  Batchelder  was  succeeded  by  William  B.  John 
son,  and  Mr.  Tucker  by  Henry  Chandler,  both  of  the  re 
tiring  trustees  removing  from  the  city.  In  1870  Hilas 
Dickey  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Clark,  and  the  latter 
was  chosen  in  1872  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Mr.  Cheney. 

The  present  officers  are  :  Joseph  Kidder,  president ;  Ed 
ward  W.  Harrington,  treasurer;  Samuel  W.  Parsons,  Wil 
liam  H.  Boyd,  Jedcdiah  C.  Ricker,  Lewis  W.  Clark,  John 
D.  Bean,  John  C.  Young,  Bradbury  P.  Cilley,  Hilas  Dickey, 
William  B.  Johnson,  Daniel  W.  Lane,  trustees.  The  total 
amount  of  deposits  is  about  half  a  million  dollars,  and  the 
bank  has  paid  an  average  of  six  per  cent,  annually  on 
deposits. 

The  Merrimack  River  Bank  was  chartered  by  the  state 
July  14, 1855,  with  a  capital  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars,  and  its  first  officers  were :  William  G.  Means, 
president;  Frederick  Smyth,  cashier  ;  David  Cross,  Water 
man  Smith,  John  H.  Moor,  William  Whittle,  William  P. 
Newell,  Benjamin  F.  Martin,  William  G.  Means,  directors. 
In  1857  Phinehas  Adams  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Whit 
tle.  In  1859  Benjamin  F.  Martin  was  elected  president 
and  Joseph  B.  Clark,  director,  both  in  place  of  Mr.  Means. 


BANKS.  263 

The  next  year  Messrs.  Martin,  Newell,  Moor  and  Adams 
were  succeeded  as  directors  by  Aretas  Blood,  William  W. 
Brown,  Natt  Head  and  R.  N.  Batchelder,  Waterman  Smith 
being  elected  president.  The  annual  dividends  averaged 
about  ten  per  cent. 

In  1865  the  name  of  the  bank  was  changed  to  that  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Manchester,  and  it  was  put  under 
United  States  jurisdiction,  becoming  a  government  depos 
itory  and  disbursing  agent  of  the  United  §tates.  Thomas 
Wheat  succeeded  Mr.  Blood  as  a  director  in  1868  and  in 
1870  Frederick  Smyth  was  elected  to  take  Mr.  Batchel- 
der's  place.  Dr.  Brown  died  in  1874.  The  present  officers 
are  :  Waterman  Smith,  president ;  Frederick  Smyth,  cash 
ier  ;  David  Cross,  Waterman  Smith,  Joseph  B.  Clark, 
Natt  Head,  Thomas  Wheat,  Frederick  Smyth,  directors. 
The  bank  has  always  occupied  rooms  in  Smyth's  block. 
Its  dividends  have  averaged  ten  per  cent.,  and  it  has  a  sur 
plus  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 

The  Manchester  Five  Cents  Savings  Institution  was  char 
tered  June  26,  1858,  and  organized  with  the  following 
board  of  officers  :  Waterman  Smith,  president ;  David  Gil- 
lis,  George  Porter,  vice-presidents ;  Frederick  Smyth,  treas 
urer;  Benjamin  F.  Martin,  Joseph  B.  Clark,  Isaac  Smith, 
William  B.  Webster,  Frank  A.  Brown,  George  Thompson, 
John  B.  Clarke,  Peter  S.  Brown,  Frederick  Smyth,  Josiah 
S.  Shannon,  John  L.  Kelly,  James  M.  Yarnum,  Alonzo 
Smith,  Thomas  Wheat,  Warren  Page,  Albe  C.  Heath,  War 
ren  S.  Peabody,  Joseph  A.  Haines,  trustees.  The  president 
and  vice-presidents  were  ex-officiis  members  of  the  board  of 
trustees. 

In  1859  William  G.  Perry  was  elected  a  trustee  in  place 
of  Frank  A.  Brown,  deceased.  In  1860  Benjamin  F.  Mar 
tin  and  William  G.  Perry  became  vice-presidents  in  place 
of  Messrs.  Gillis  and  Porter,  C.  W.  Johnson  and  David 
Cross  succeeding  Messrs.  Martin  and  Perry  as  trustees. 


264  MANCHESTER. 

The  same  year  Stephen  Palmer  was  elected  a  trustee  to 
succeed  Isaac  Smith.  In  1861  George  Thompson  succeed 
ed  Mr.  Martin  as  vice-president,  and  the  former's  place  on 
the  board  of  trustees  was  filled  by  Natt  Head.  In  1863 
Stephen  Palmer  was  chosen  vice-president  to  take  Mr. 
Thompson's  place,  Ebenezer  Ferren  was  elected  trustee  to 
succeed  Mr.  Palmer,  and  Mr.  Thompson  was  again  made  a 
trustee,  to  succeed  Peter  S.  Brown,  deceased.  In  1865 
Charles  H.  Ba/tlett  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the 
board  of  trustees  caused  by  the  death  of  Alonzo  Smith. 
In  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  legislature,  June  30,  1865, 
the  bank  assumed  the  name  of  the  Merrimack  River  Sav 
ings  Bank. 

In  1866  Joseph  F.  Kennard,  John  Brugger  and  Joseph 
L.  Stevens  were  elected  trustees  in  place  of  Messrs.  Thomp 
son,  Haines,  and  Peabody.  In  1867  Martin  V.  B.  Edgerly 
was  chosen  a  trustee  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Mr.  Johnson.  In  1868  Charles  Williams  was  elected  a 
trustee  to  succeed  Mr.  Webster.  In  1869  Freeman  Higgins 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  board  caused  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  Page,  and  A.  0.  Dillingham  was  elected  a 
trustee  in  that  year.  In  1871  Joseph  L.  Stevens  became 
vice-president,  succeeding  Mr.  Perry,  and  Francis  B.  Eaton 
became  a  trustee,  taking  Mr.  Ferren's  place.  In  1873 
William  W.  Brown  was  elected  a  trustee  in  place  of  Mr. 
Williams,  and  upon  his  death  in  the  next  year  was  suc 
ceeded  by  William  Crane  of  Candia.  Francis  B.  Eaton 
then  became  vice-president,  succeeding  Mr.  Stevens,  and 
his  place  as  a  trustee  is  yet  unfilled. 

In  the  present  board  of  officers  the  president  is  Water 
man  Smith  ;  vice-presidents,  Stephen  Palmer,  Francis  B. 
Eaton  ;  treasurer,  Frederick  Smyth ;  trustees,  Frederick 
Smyth,  Natt  Head,  Joseph  B.  Clark,  John  B.  Clarke,  Josiah 
S.  Shannon,  John  L.  Kelly,  James  M.  Varnum,  Thomas 
Wheat,  A.  0.  Dillingham,  David  Cross,  Albe  C.  Heath, 


J. 


INSURANCE  COMPANIES.  265 

Martin  V.  B.  Edgerly,  Charles  H.  Bartlett,  Joseph  F.  Ken- 
nard,  John  Brugger,  Freeman  Higgins,  William  Crane,  the 
president  and  vice-president,  ex-officiis.  The  amount  of  its 
deposits  is  about  one  million  two  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
and  its  dividends  have  averaged  about  seven  per  cent.  The 
bank  occupies  rooms  in  common  with  the  First  National 
Bank. 

The  People's  Savings  Bank  was  organized  in  August, 
1875,  and  began  business  on  the  first  of  October,  with  the 
following  officers  :  president,  Person  C.  Cheney  ;  cashier, 
George  B.  Chandler ;  trustees,  Person  C.  Cheney,  Elijah 
M.  Topliff,  Atherton  W.  Quint,  Henry  M.  Putney,  Moody 
Currier,  Charles  H.  Bartlett,  Abraham  P.  Olzendam,  Edson 
Hill,  George  W.  Riddle,  George  B.  Chandler.  It  was 
formed  on  the  guarantee  principle,  and  a  fund  of  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars,  as  security  for  depositors,  was  subscribed  be 
fore  it  began  business.  Its  deposits,  March  1,  1875,  were  a 
little  over  a  hundred  thousand  dollars.  It  occupies  rooms 
with  the  Amoskeag  National  Bank. 

INSURANCE    COMPANIES. 

Ever  since  the  town  was  fairly  started  in  life  there  have 
been  attempts  made  to  form  insurance  companies,  but  few 
of  those  have  been  successful.  The  first  endeavor,  how 
ever,  was  an  exception  to  the  rule,  and  it  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Amoskeag  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
Company,  which  was  organized  December  24,  1840,  and 
continued  in  existence  some  four  or  five  years.  Samuel  D. 
Bell  was  its  president  during  that  time  and  David  A.  Bun- 
ton  was  at  first  secretary  and  treasurer  but  was  afterwards 
succeeded  by  David  Hill.  It  was  revived  in  1860,  when 
Isaac  Riddle  was  chosen  president  and  Elihu  T.  Stevens 
secretary  and  treasurer.  They  remained  the  officers  during 
the  half  dozen  years  the  company  did  business.  The  Man- 

17 


266  MANCHESTER. 

Chester  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  was  organized  and 
began  business  in  July,  1858,  and  was  dissolved  in  a  year 
or  two  afterwards.  John  S.  Elliot  was  its  president  and 
Jeremiah  D.  Lyford  secretary  and  treasurer. 

In  1869  the  New  Hampshire  Fire  Insurance  Company, 
the  first  and  only  stock  insurance  company  in  the  state, 
was  chartered  and  organized.  Its  president  was  Ezekiel 
A.  Straw ;  its  vice-president,  James  A.  Weston  ;  its  secre 
tary,  Isaac  W.  Smith  ;  its  treasurer,  George  B.  Chandler  ; 
its  general  agent,  John  C.  French :  and  these  have  since 
continued  in  office  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Smith,  who 
was  succeeded  in  September,  1870,  by  John  C.  French. 
In  1873  George  W.  Eastman  was  chosen  assistant  secre 
tary.  It  began  business  April  6,  1870,  with  a  capital  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  has  since  been  in 
creased  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Its 
cash  assets  are  four  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

A  number  of  companies  have  been  incorporated  at  differ 
ent  times,  but  none  of  them  have  done  any  business  and 
scarcely  one  has  been  organized.  In  1851  the  Manchester 
Insurance  Company  was  chartered ;  in  1855  the  Manches 
ter  City  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company,  from  whose 
name  the  word  "  City  "  was  dropped  in  1862  ;  in  1867  the 
City  Fire  Insurance  Company ;  and  in  1869  the  State  Fire 
Insurance  Company. 


MANUFACTURES. 

— 

f  HE  recor(*  °f  the  rea^  Manchester  is  little  more,  for 
a  time  at  least,  than  the  record  of  its  manufactur- 
ing.  The  first  cotton-mill  at  the  Falls  was  started 
only  a  year  before  the  name  of  Derryfield  was  thrown 
aside,  so  that  Manchester  and  its  manufacturing  industries 
are  almost  one  in  years  as  they  are  one  in  fact.  The  first 
ventures  in  cotton-spinning  seem  small  at  this  day,  and 
there  was  little  accomplished  till  Massachusetts  capitalists 
had  computed  the  power  of  the  waterfall  at  Amoskeag  and 
the  Amoskeag  Company  sprung  from  their  foresight  and 
enterprise.  A  clear  statement  of  the  origin  and  growth  of 
Manchester's  manufactures  necessarily  involves  a  slight 
repetition  of  what  has  already  been  referred  to  as  an  ele 
ment  of  its  life. 

Cotton  goods  were  first  made  upon  the  Merrimack  in 
1809  at  Amoskeag  Falls  in  what  was  then  Goffstown.  The 
first  cotton-mill  in  the  state,  however,  was  built  in  New 
Ipswich  in  1803.  It  was  there  that  Benjamin  Prichard's 
fingers  learned  the  trade,  and  he,  coming  over  to  this  part 
of  the  county,  located  himself  in  Kedford  and  spun  cotton 
at  the  old  "  Goffe  place."  This  was  too  small  a  field  for 
'  Mr.  Prichard's  operations,  and  so  he  joined  himself  with 
Ephraim,  David  and  Robert  Stevens,  and  they  built  a  small 
mill  on  the  west  side  of  the  falls  at  Amoskeag  village  in 
1809.  The  enterprise  assumed  still  larger  proportions  the 
next  year  by  the  formation  of  a  stock  company,  first  called 
the  "  Amoskeag  Cotton  and  Wool  Factory  "  and  incorpora- 


268  MANCHESTER. 

ted  in  June  as  the  "  Amoskeag  Cotton  and  Woolen  Manu 
facturing  Company."  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  directors, 
James  Parker,  Samuel  P.  Kidder,  John  Stark,  jr.,  David 
McQueston  and  Benjamin  Prichard  were  present.  James 
Parker  was  chosen  president  and  tFotham  Gillis,  clerk. 
The  latter  became,  also,  the  first  agent,  Dr.  William  Wal 
lace  of  Bedford,  who  was  appointed,  declining  to  serve. 
Mr.  Gillis  was  followed  by  Philemon  Walcott,  John  G. 
Moor  and  Frederick  G.  Stark.  The  latter's  salary  was  one 
hundred  and  eighty  dollars  a  year.  There  was  thus  at  that 
time  in  Manchester  one  corporation  which  owned  one  mill 
without  pickers  or  looms.  The  cotton  was  picked  and  the 
yarn  woven  in  the  neighborhood,  a  "smart  weaver"  earn 
ing  thirty-six  cents  a  day. 

The  company's  dividends  were  not  so  many  and  so  large 
as  hope  had  declared  them,  and  after  1815  little  was  done 
till  1822,  when  Gluey  Robinson  bought  the  property  of  the 
company  and  resumed  business.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
"  inclined  to  outside  speculation  rather  than  to  his  legiti 
mate  business,"  and  he  was  soon  succeeded  by  Larned 
Pitcher  and  Samuel  Slater  of  Providence,  R.  I.  He  had 
bought  machinery  and  borrowed  money  of  them  and  gave 
them  a  mortgage  of  his  mill. 

But  in  1825  Willard  Sayles  and  Lyman  Tiffany  —  who, 
as  well  as  Slater,  were  members  of  the  firm  from  which  has 
descended  the  one  which  sells  for  the  Amoskeag  Company 
its  goods  to-day  —  Oliver  Dean  and  Ira  Gay  were  admitted 
to  partnership,  and  from  this  point  onward  the  story  is  one  of 
continued  prosperity.  Dean,  Sayles  and  Tiffany  had  all  been 
engaged  in  manufacturing  in  Norfolk  county,  Massachusetts,* 
whose  streams  afford  a  number  of  small  water-powers,  and 
brought  with  them 'to  Manchester  a  practical  acquaintance 
with  the  business  and  abundant  means.  Dr.  Dean  became 
agent  of  the  firm  and  moved  to  Amoskeag  village  in  1826. 
The  business  then  received  a  fresh  impulse.  In  that  year 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  269 

the  old  mill  was  enlarged,  a  new  one,  known  as  the  "  bell 
mill  "  because  the  bell  which  called  the  operatives  hung  up 
on  it,  and  another  upon  an  island  in  the  river,  were  built, 
and  the  manufacture  of  sheetings,  shirtings  and  tickings  be 
gun.  The  latter  acquired  an  unrivalled  reputation  under  the 
name  of  UA.  C.  A"  tickings,  "A.  C."  standing  for  Arnos- 
keag  Company,"  and  the  second  UA"  marking  the  class  of 
goods.  The  mill  upon  the  island  where  these  tickings 
were  made  was  burned  in  1839,  and  the  old  and  bell  mills 
in  1848.  Thus  in  fifteen  years  only  two  new  mills  had 
been  built,  and  the  business,  which  a  few  years  later  re 
quired  a  capital  of  a  million  dollars,  was  still  carried  on  as 
a  private  enterprise. 

THE   AMOSKEAG   MANUFACTURING   COMPANY. 

Thus  far  we  have  had  to  do  with  the  operations  of  a 
firm,  the  failure  of  a  company,  the  building  of  two  or  three 
mills,  but  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  thirteenth 
of  July,  1831,  five  men  sat  in  the  counting-room  of  the 
company  which  then  owned  the  mills  and  accepted  an  act 
passed  by  the  state  legislature  twelve  days  before,  which  al 
lowed  them  to  form  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Com 
pany  with  a  possible  capital  of  a  million  dollars.  The 
men  were  Ira  Gay,  Willard  Sayles,  Oliver  Dean,  Lamed 
Pitcher  and  Lyman  Tiffany,  who  also  acted  as  attorney  for 
Samuel  Slater.  Dr.  Dean  presided  at  the  meeting  and  Ira 
Gay  was  chosen  its  clerk.  At  a  meeting  the  next  day  by 
laws  were  adopted,  the  annual  meeting  was  appointed  in 
July  and  the  organization  perfected.  Lyman  Tiffany  was 
chosen  president ;  Lyman  Tiffany,  Ira  Gay  and  Willard 
Sayles,  directors  ;  Ira  Gay,  clerk  ;  Oliver  Dean,  agent  and 
treasurer. 

The  property  of  the  old  firm  was  exchanged  for  stock  in 
the  new  company,  and  the  latter  acquired  by  purchase  a 


270  MANCHESTER. 

title  to  land  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  mostly,  however, 
on  the  east  side,  where  engineers  had  decided  were  the  best 
sites  for  mills  and  the  best  tracks  for  canals.  In  1835  the 
new  organization  bought  the  property  and  interest  of  the 
Bow  Canal  Company,  the  Isle  of  Hooksett  Canal  Company, 
the  Amoskeag  Locks  and  Canal  Company  and  the  Union 
Locks  and  Canal,  all  of  which,  as  their  names  imply,  had 
built  canals  at  different  points  on  the  river.  The  Hooksett 
Manufacturing  Company  was  merged  with  the  Amoskeag 
in  1836  and  the  Concord  Manufacturing  Company  shared 
the  same  fate  the  next  year.  The  Amoskeag  Company 
thus  had  obtained  a  full  title  to  all  the  water-power  on  the 
river  from  Manchester  to  Concord  and  all  the  land  in  Man 
chester  on  the  Merrimack  available  for  mill-sites.  It  was 
also  in  possession  of  large  tracts  of  land  adjacent  to  the 
river  and  extending  for  some  distance  from  it. 

Having  thus  cleared  the  way,  they  soon  began  operations 
in  earnest.  In  1836  the  wooden  dam  which  had  hitherto 
checked  the  river's  flow  at  Amoskeag  Falls  was  thoroughly 
repaired  in  order  to  answer  the  purposes  of  a  coffer-dam, 
and  the  next  year  was  begun  the  construction  of  a  wing-dam 
of  stone  with  guard-locks  on  the  east  side,  which  was  com 
pleted  in  1840.  At  the  same  time  the  farther  from  the 
river  of  the  two  present  canals  was  built  by  Lobdell  and 
Russell.  In  1838  a  contract  was  made  with  Russell,  Barr 
&  Company,  of  which  firm  Isaac  C.  Flanders,  afterwards 
president  of  the  City  Bank,  was  a  member,  to  construct  the 
"  lower  canal,"  and  the  contract  was  fulfilled.  The  first 
building  put  up  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  was  what  was 
then  the  Stark  Mills  counting-room,  at  the  foot  of  Stark 
street,  part  of  which  was  temporarily  used  for  a  counting- 
room  by  the  land  and  water-power  department  of  the  Amos 
keag  Company.  The  next  was  the  one  designated  as  "num 
ber  one,  Stark  block,"  where  the  agents  and  clerks  of  the 
mills  boarded  with  S.  S.  Moulton  till  November,  1839,  when 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  271 

the  Manchester  House  was  finished  and  William  Shepherd, 
its  present  proprietor,  took  charge  of  it.  The  first  mills 
built  on  the  east  side  were  what  were  then  number  one  and 
number  two  mills  of  the  Stark  corporation,  which  were 
erected  for  that  company  in  1838  and  1839. 

At  that  time  a  number  of  men  who  have  since  been  well 
known  in  Manchester  were  in  the  pay  of  the  Amoskeag 
Company.  Hiram  Brown,  afterwards  mayor  of  the  city, 
was  employed  to  oversee  the  stone-work;  Phinehas  Stevens, 
the  father  of  A.  G.  and  G.  W.  Stevens,  now  civil  engineers 
of  the  Manchester  and  Amoskeag  corporations  respectively, 
was  its  mill-wright  and  wheel-wright ;  John  D.  Kimball  was 
an  overseer  of  carpenter-work  ;  T.  J.  Carter  was  the  resi 
dent  engineer;  Henry  S.  Whitney  was  an  overseer  of  gen 
eral  out-door  work ;  Warren  Paige  had  charge  of  the  lum 
ber-yard ;  Nahuin  Baldwin,  Daniel  L.  Stevens  and  Charles 
Hutchinsou  were  employed  in  the  planing-mill ;  George  F. 
Judkins  managed  the  saw-mill  and  Samuel  Boice  was  em 
ployed  in  it :  Samuel  B.  Kidder  has  had  charge  of  the 
locks  and  canals  from  then  till  now ;  Andrew  Bunton,  the 
father  of  the  Manchester  agent  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada  Express,  and  Levi  Sargent  were  contractors  for 
stone ;  John  H.  Maynard  was  the  head  carpenter ;  Jona 
than  T.  P.  Hunt,  the  father  of  Nathan  P.  Hunt,  and  Jo 
seph  E.  Bennett,  the  present  city  clerk,  were  employed  as 
masons  i'n  the  building  of  the  mills. 

The  company  laid  out  the  site  of  a  town  with  a  main 
street  running  north  and  south,  parallel  with  the  river, 
with  other  streets  running  parallel  with  this  and  across 
it,  reserving  land  for  public  squares,  and  in  1838,  having 
divided  part  of  its  land  into  lots  suitable  for  stores  and 
dwellings,  sold  it,  bringing  into  the  -market  by  this  and 
subsequent  sales  a  large  part  of  the  land  on  which  the  city 
of  to-day  stands.  In  1838  they  sold  a  site  and  privileges 
for  mills  to  a  new  company  which  had  been  incorporated  as 


272  MANCHESTER. 

the  Stark  Mills,  and  built  for  them,  in  this  and  subse 
quent  years,  the  factories  they  now  occupy.  After  the 
burning  of  their  old  mills  at  Arnoskeag  they  finished  in 
1841  two  new  ones  just  below  the  Stark  mills  for  their  own 
use,  and  added  to  them  in  subsequent  years  as  their  needs 
required.  In  1845  they  sold  land  and  built  mills  and  a 
printery  for  a  new  corporation  which  had  been  organized 
as  the  Manchester  Mills.  To  meet  a  demand  for  machinery 
for  their  own  mills  and  those  they  erected  for  others,  they 
built  in  1840  a  machine-shop,  in  1842  a  foundry  and  in 
1848  replaced  both  these  by  new  and  larger  ones,  beginning 
at  that  time  the  manufacture  of  locomotives,  building  new 
shops  for  mechanical  purposes  when  needed.  In  1859  was 
begun  the  manufacture  of  the  famous  Amoskeag  steam  fire- 
engines.  Some  time  after  they  had  finished  mills  for  the 
larger  corporations  already  mentioned  they  built  for  the 
convenience  of  individual  enterprises  a  building  known  as 
"  Mechanics'  Row"  at  the  northern  end  of  the  canals,  and 
also  sold  land  and  erected  shops  for  small  corporations 
which  were  subsequently  organized.  They  carried  out 
meanwhile  their  original  idea  of  a  city,  building  boarding- 
houses  and  tenements  for  their  own  operatives  and  those 
of  the  other  corporations,  giving  away  land  for  churches 
and  public  buildings,  selling  it  to  manufacturers  and  busi 
ness  men,  and  continuing  a  liberal  policy  to  the  present 
time.  The  company  has  now  a  capital  of  three  million  dol 
lars,  divided  into  shares  of  a  thousand  dollars  each,  which 
are  quoted  at  seventeen  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 

The  first  directors  of  the  company,  as  has  already  been 
said,  were  Lyman  Tiffany,  Ira  Gay  and  Willard  Sayles, 
elected  in  1831.  In  1884  Ira  Gay  was  succeeded  by  Oliver 
Dean.  In  April,  1836,  it  was  voted  not  to  restrict  the  num 
ber  of  directors  to  three,  and  to  those  already  chosen  were 
added  P.  T.  Jackson,  William  Appleton,  George  Bond,  Sam 
uel  Frothingham,  Daniel  I).  Brodhead  and  George  Howe. 


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AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  273 

These  were  re-elected  at  the  annual  meeting  of  that  year, 
but  in  1837  the  board  was  so  changed  as  to  consist  of  Oli 
ver  Dean,  Willard  Sayles,  George  Howe,  Samuel  Frothing- 
ham,  Francis  C.  Lowell,  John  A.  Lowell,  Daniel  D.  Brod- 
head,  Samuel  Hubbard  and  William  Appleton.  In  1838 
Samuel  Frothinghani,  John  A.  Lowell  and  Daniel  D.  Brod- 
head  were  succeeded  by  George  W.  Lyman,  Nathan  Apple- 
ton  and  James  K.  Mills. 

The  annual  meetings  had  hitherto  been  held  at  the  old 
counting-room  in  Amoskeag  village,  but  in  1840  the  stock 
holders  met  there  at  noon  and  adjourned  to  assemble  in 
fifteen  minutes  at  the  counting-room  in  Manchester.  At 
that  time  David  Sears  and  Samuel  Frothingham  took  the 
places  of  Messrs.  Hubbard  and  Mills.  In  1852  Joseph  Til- 
den  succeeded  Francis  C.  Lowell  and  the  directors  were 
authorized  to  appoint  a  place  for  the  annual  meetings, 
which  were  thereafter  held  at  Manchester.  From  that  time 
changes  in  the  board  of  directors  were  few.  In  1847  Wil 
liam  Amory  took  the  place  of  Mr.  Sayles  and  was  himself 
succeeded  in  1841  by  Robert  Read.  In  1853  Gardner 
Brewer  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr.  Tilden,  and  in  1856 
Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt  to  succeed  Robert  Read. 

In  1857,  at  the  annual  meeting  in  July,  it  was  voted  to 
adjourn  till  October  and  the  meetings  have  since  been  held 
in  the  latter  month.  In  that  year  David  Scars  resigned 
his  directorship  and  his  place  was  left  unfilled.  In  1861 
the  number  of  directors  was  reduced  to  six  and  Oliver 
Dean,  George  Howe,  George  W.  Lyman,  William  Apple- 
ton,  Gardner  Brewer  and  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt  were  chosen. 
These,  with  the  exception  of  William  Appleton,  were  re- 
elected  the  next  year,  when  it  was  voted  to  have  but  five 
directors.  In  1865  Daniel  Clark  succeeded  Mr.  Hunt.  In 
1866  the  number  of  directors  was  increased  by  the  addi 
tion  of  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge  and  Thomas  Wiggles  worth. 
In  1871  Oliver  Dean  and  George  W.  Lyman  declined  far- 


274  MANCHESTER. 

ther  service,  and  George  Howe,  having  ceased  to  be  a 
stockholder,  was  ineligible,  and  William  Amory,  John  L. 
Gardner  and  William  P.  Mason  were  elected  to  fill  the  va 
cancies.  In  1874  Charles  Amory  was  elected  to  take  Mr. 
Brewer's  place,  made  vacant  by  his  death. 

After  the  organization  of  the  corporation  Lyman  Tiffany 
was  elected  president  and  held  the  office  till  succeeded  by 
Joseph  Tilden.  Upon  the  latter's  death  Dr.  Dean  was 
chosen  president  in  1853  and  continued  as  such  till  1871, 
when  he  resigned.  He  remained  a  director  till  his  death. 
In  1871  Gardner  Brewer  was  made  president  and  contin 
ued  such  till  his  death  in  1874,  when  Daniel  Clark  was 
chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Dr.  Dean  was  treasurer  from 
the  first  till  1836.  Then  Francis  C.  Lowell  held  the  office 
one  year  arid  in  1837  William  Amory,  the  present  treas 
urer,  was  elected.  The  first  proprietors'  clerk  was  Ira 
Gay,  who  was  followed  in  1833  by  George  Daniels,  and  he 
in  1836  by  Hiram  A.  Daniels.  Robert  Read  was  chosen  in 
1837  and  the  next  year  he  was  succeeded  by  William  G. 
Means,  who  remained  clerk  till  the  election  of  the  present 
one,  E.  A.  Straw,  in  1853. 

Dr.  Dean,  who  had  been  the  agent  and  treasurer  of  the 
private  company  which  built  the  mills  at  Amoskeag,  was 
the  first  agent  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  and  continued 
such  till  1834,  when  he  moved  to  Framingham,  Mass.,  and 
was  succeeded  in  1835  by  Harvey  Hartshorn,  who  remained 
till  1837  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  P.  Newell. 
When  the  Hooksett  mills  were  bought  by  the  Amoskeag 
Company,  a  new  department  was  thus  created,  which  was 
under  the  charge  successively  of  Hiram  A.  Daniels,  Joshua 
and  Stephen  Ballard,  William  L.  Killey  and  T.  W.  Wattles. 
These  were  sold  in  1865  to  a  new  corporation.  When  the 
company  began  its  operations  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
the  "  Land  and  Water-Power  Company  "  came  into  exist 
ence,  and  when  the  company  put  up  for  its  own  use  on  the 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  275 

east  side,  first  mills  and  then  a  machine-shop,  two  more 
divisions  were  made  with  separate  hooks  and  officers,  known 
as  the  "  Amoskeag  New  Mills  "  and  the  "  Machine-Shop." 
William  P.  Newell  continued  the  agent  at  the  old  mills  at 
Amoskeag  from  1837  to  1846,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Phinehas  Adams,  who  remained  one  year.  His  place  was 
taken  by  C.  W.  Blanchard,  who  staid  till  the  mills  were 
burned  in  1848.  Hartford  Ide  was  paymaster  at  the  old 
mills  for  a  time  and  was  succeeded  by  George  Daniels,  who 
remained  a  number  of  years.  He  was  followed,  in  turn,  by 
Hiram  A.  Daniels,  George  W.  Kimball  and  Hiram  Forsaith. 

The  first  agent  of  the  land  and  water-power  department 
was  Robert  Read,  who  was  succeeded  in  January,  1852,  by 
Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  who  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Com 
pany  as  a  civil  engineer.  The  first  paymaster  was  William 
G.  Means,  now  of  Andover,  Mass.,  and  then  Joseph  Knowl- 
ton.  When  the  "  new  mills  "  were  built,  David  Gillis,  now 
of  Nashua,  was  chosen  agent  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Straw  in  1856.  The  first  paymaster  was  Charles  Richard 
son,  who  held  the  place  till  succeeded  by  his  nephew, 
Charles  L.  Richardson,  in  1854.  The  first  agent  of  the 
machine-shop,  after  it  was  finished  in  1840,  was  William 
A.  Burke,  now  of  Lowell.  He  continued  such  till  1847 
when  he  resigned  and  his  place  was  taken  by  Oliver  W. 
Bayley.  He  resigned  in  1855  to  become  agent  of  the  Man 
chester  Locomotive  Works  and  was  succeeded  by  Cyrus 
W.  Baldwin,  and  not  long  afterwards  Mr.  Straw  assumed 
charge  of  this  department  also.  The  first  paymaster  at 
the  machine-shop  was  Joseph  Knowlton,  who  was  followed, 
in  turn,  by  William  G.  Means,  Edward  Kendall,  Justus  D. 
Watson  and  Horace  M.  Gillis. 

In  July,  1856,  the  land  and  water-power  department  and 
the  mills  were  united  and  placed  in  Mr.  Straw's  care,  and 
in  July,  1858,  these  two  and  the  machine-shop  were  put 
under  one  head,  Mr.  Straw,  the  present  agent,  then  assum- 


276  MANCHESTER. 

ing  exclusive  control  of  the  Company's  operations  in  Man 
chester,  subject  only  to  the  directors.  The  selling  agents 
are  Gardner  Brewer  &  Company  of  Boston.  The  present 
superintendent  of  the  mills  is  William  G.  Perry,  the  as 
sistant  superintendent  Herman  F.  Straw  and  the  super 
intendent  of  the  machine-shop  Nehemiah  S.  Bean.  The 
engineer  is  Edwin  H.  Hobbs,  and  the  paymaster  Charles  L. 
Richardson,  who  has  been  in  the  Company's  employ  thirty 
years. 

The  Company  once  owned  fifteen  hundred  acres  of  land 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  about  two-thirds  of  which  are 
still  retained  in  their  possession,  much  of  it  being  unim 
proved.  They  own  land  on  the  west  side,  also,  and  are 
now  engaged  in  making  a  new  channel  for  the  river  and 
straightening  its  course  so  as  to  obtain  more  room  in  their 
mill-yard.  The  latter's  front  extends  along  Canal  street 
from  Central  to  Stark,  and  its  rear  along  the  river  from  the 
yard  of  the  Manchester  Mills  past  the  buildings  of  the 
Stark  corporation.  Its  length  on  the  upper  canal  is  one 
thousand  and  eighty  feet,  and  about  nineteen  hundred  and 
sixty  feet  on  the  lower.  Its  boarding-houses  and  overseers' 
houses  occupy  the  space  bounded  by  Stark  street  on  the 
north,  Merrimack  street  on  the  south,  including  a  block  on 
the  latter's  southerly  side,  Canal  street  on  the  west  and 
Elm  back  street  on  the  east,  except  where  the  Franklin- 
street  church  and  the  public  library  stand.  Their  tene 
ments  occupy,  besides,  the  land  bounded  by  Canal  street 
on  the  west,  Elm  back  street  on  the  east,  Mechanic  street 
on  the  south  and  Spring  street  on  the  north,  except  a  piece 
whose  eastern  limit  is  Elm  back  street  and  which  runs 
westerly  on  Spring  and  Water  streets  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet.  The  Company  owns  tenement-houses,  also,  north  of 
Bridge  street  between  Elm  and  Canal  streets.  All  these 
houses,  like  those  of  the  other  corporations,  are  rented  at  a 
low  rate  to  those  who  are  in  the  employ  of  the  corporation, 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  277 

or  leased  on  favorable  terms  to  boarding-house  keepers  on 
condition  of  their  boarding  operatives  at  a  fixed  rate.  After 
the  Company  began  its  operations  on  this  side  of  the  river, 
the  house  on  the  north  side  of  Water  street,  now  occupied 
by  Dr.  E.  M.  Tubbs,  was  built  as  a  residence  for  the  agent 
of  the  machine-shop.  Mr.  Burke  lived  in  it  during  his 
agency,  and  then  Mr.  Bayley,  till  he  built  the  house  on  the 
corner  of  Myrtle  and  Elm  streets,  now  owned  by  Col. 
Franklin  Tenney,  and  went  there  to  live.  The  Company 
then  exchanged  it  for  the  house  on  the  corner  of  Pine  and 
Hanover  streets,  then  owned  by  the  Stark  Mills  and  occu 
pied  by  their  agent,  Mr.  Adams,  and  now  in  the  hands  of 
the  Roman  Catholics  and  used  by  them  for  an  orphan  asy 
lum.  The  next  which  was  built  of  the  "  agents'  houses,"  so 
called,  was  the  one  on  the  north  side  of  Market  street,  just 
below  the  city  hall,  which  was  intended  for  the  agent  of  the 
Amoskeag  new  mills  and  occupied  by  the  first  agent,  Mr. 
Gillis.  After  he  left  it,  it  was  vacant  for  a  time  and  ac 
quired  the  reputation  of  a  haunted  house.  It  has  since 
been  remodeled  and  made  into  tenements  for  overseers. 
The  next  one  in  date  was  the  double  house  whose  north 
front  is  on  Water  street  and  its  south  front  on  Mechanic 
street.  The  latter  half  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Straw,  when 
he  was  the  engineer  of  the  land  and  water-power  company. 
When  he  left  it,  Cyrus  W.  Baldwin,  the  agent  of  the  ma 
chine-shop  at  that  time,  occupied  it,  and  he  was  succeeded 
as  a  tenant  by  Chester  A.  Dresser,  who  was  then  superin 
tendent  of  the  Amoskeag  Company's  upper  mills.  He  was 
followed  by  William  G.  Perry,  the  present  occupant,  who  is 
now  superintendent  of  both  the  upper  and  the  lower  mills. 
The  northern  half  was  first  occupied  by  William  G.  Means, 
clerk  of  the  land  and  water-power  department.  Upon  his 
departure,  he  was  succeeded  by  Aldus  M.  Chapin,  a  civil 
engineer  in  the  company's  employ,  and  he  by  Mr.  Perry, 
who  was  at  that  time  superintendent  of  the  Amoskeag  Com- 


278  MANCHESTER. 

pany's  upper  mills.  Then  Oliver  H.  Moulton  lived  in  it, 
when  he  took  Mr.  Dresser's  place,  and  afterwards  the  pres 
ent  occupant,  Israel  Dow,  took  possession.  The  house  on 
the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Merrimack  streets  was  built 
for  the  residence  of  the  agent  of  the  land  and  water-power 
company,  and  Mr.  Read,  the  first  agent,  came  over  from 
the  other  side  of  the  river  where  he  had  been  living,  and 
took  possession  of  it.  When  he  was  succeeded  as  agent 
by  Mr.  Straw,  the  latter  went  into  it  and  lived  there  till 
1874,  when  he  moved  to  a  house  of  his  own. 

The  present  dam  at  Amoskeag  Falls  was  built  in  1871 
by  the  Company,  after  Mr.  Straw's  plans  and  under  his 
personal  supervision.  Its  predecessor  had  lasted  thirty- 
four  years,  had  become  leaky  and  unsafe,  was  built  low  and 
in  the  wrong  place.  The  old  one  ran  straight  across,  but 
the  one  which  took  its  place  curved  around  so  as  to  give  a 
wider  entrance  from  the  river,  was  built  two  feet  higher 
and  farther  down  the  stream.  It  is  in  two  parts,  the  main 
dam,  from  the  west  side  to  the  bridge,  being  four  hundred 
and  twenty  feet  long,  and  the  canal  wing,  from  the  bridge 
to  the  gate-house,  being  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long, 
making  a  total  length  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  It  is 
eight  feet  wide  at  the  top,  averages  twelve  feet  in  height, 
and  cost,  all  things  included,  about  sixty  thousand  dollars. 
The  upper  canal  extends  from  the  basin  at  the  dam  to  the 
weir  at  the  foot  of  Central  street  where  it  empties  into  the 
lower,  and  is  five  thousand  four  hundred  and  eighty  feet 
long.  The  lower  begins  at  about  the  same  place  and  ex 
tends  to  the  weir  below  the  Namaske  Mills  where  it  emp 
ties  into  the  river.  It  is  six  thousand  nine  hundred  feet 
long  and  runs  a  part  of  the  way  over  the  track  of  the  old 
Blodget  canal.  Till  1855  the  canal  was  connected  with 
the  Merrimack,  near  the  old  McGregor  bridge,  by  a  set  of 
locks,  the  Company  having  been  under  obligation  to  keep 
the  canal  open  to  the  public  as  when  it  was  owned  by  the 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  279 

Amoskeag  Locks  and  Canal  Company,  but  the  legislature 
of  1855  gave  permission  to  discontinue  the  locks.  The 
openings  of  the  canals  at  the  guard -gates  are  five  hundred 
and  ten  feet  square.  The  canals'  width  at  their  head  is  sev 
enty-three  feet,  and  at  the  weirs  fifty  feet,  with  an  average 
depth  of  ten  feet.  The  fall  from  the  upper  to  the  lower 
canal  is  twenty  feet,  and  from  the  lower  canal  to  the  river, 
thirty-four  feet. 

When  one  crosses  the  canal-bridge  at  the  foot  of  Stark 
street  he  finds  a  long  building  on  his  left,  reaching  down 
the  canal.  It  is  really  two  buildings,  the  counting-house 
and  the  cloth-room.  The  former  is  three  stories  high,  one 
hundred  feet  in  length  by  thirty-six  in  width.  The  upper 
story  contains  the  hall,  which  is  used  only  for  stockholders' 
meetings.  The  second  story  is  occupied,  by  the  counting- 
room  and  agent's  rooms,  while  in  the  lowest  story  are  found 
the  engineer's  and  superintendents'  rooms.  The  cloth- 
room  is  a  three-story  building,  three  hundred  and  sixty 
feet  long  and  thirty  wide.  Here  are  employed  forty  males 
and  twenty-five  females  in  packing  two  hundred  thousand 
pounds  of  cloth  a  week.  The  canal  front  is  finished  by  a 
three-story  building,  five  hundred  and  four  feet  long  and 
thirty  wide,  used  as  a  spinning-mill,  with  one  story  devoted 
to  carding. 

Directly  back  of  these  and  still  on  the  "  upper  level," 
taking  their  power  from  the  upper  canal,  are  number  one, 
number  two,  number  three  and  number  six  mills,  finding 
their  limit  at  the  water-way  which  flows  from  the  upper  to 
the  lower  canal. 

Number  one  and  number  two  mills  are  northern-most 
and  are  exact  duplicates  of  each  other.  They  were  the 
first  mills  upon  the  Amoskeag  corporation,  were  built  sepa 
rately,  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet  long  by  forty-eight 
wide,  and  six  stories  high,  in  1841,  but  in  1859  and  1860 
were  united  by  what  is  called  number  six  mill,  eighty- eight 


280  MANCHESTER. 

feet  long  by  sixty  wide.  There  is  a  picker-house,  fifty-nine 
feet  in  length  and  thirty-two  feet  in  width,  at  each  end  of 
the  buildings,  which  form  now  one  large  mill.  It  contains 
five  hundred  looms  for  weaving  tickings  and  other  heavy 
goods,  machinery  for  making  yarns  for  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  gingham  looms  located  in  another  mill,  two  hundred 
and  eighty-eight  cards  and  thirty-three  thousand  spindles. 
In  this  mill  are  employed  four  hundred  operatives,  three 
females  to  one  male.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  four  tur 
bine  water-wheels  from  seven  to  nine  feet  in  diameter,  ag 
gregating  eight  hundred  horse-powers.  The  mill  produces 
daily  six  thousand  pounds  of  tickings,  etc.,  and  three  thou 
sand  pounds  of  fine  yarns  for  ginghams. 

Number  three  mill,  directly  to  the  south  of  this  triple 
combi  ation,  was  built  in  1834  and  thoroughly  re-built  in 
1870.  It  is  five  stories  in  height  and  four  hundred  and 
forty  feet  long,  while  its  width  varies  from  sixty-five  to 
seventy-two  feet.  At  its  south  end  is  a  three-story  picker- 
house,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  long  by  sixty  wide. 
The  mill  contains  eight  hundred  looms,  two  hundred  and 
sixty-four  cards,  four  thousand  mule-spindles  and  twenty- 
five  thousand  throstle-spindles,  weaving  chiefly  denims  and 
cotton  flannels,  sixty  thousand  pounds  a  week.  There  are 
employed  three  hundred  and  fifty  males  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  females.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  three  *tur- 
bine  wheels  from  seven  to  nine  feet  in  diameter,  aggregat 
ing  seven  hundred  and  fifty  horse-powers.  There  is  also  a 
Corliss  engine  of  eight  hundred  horse-powers  in  this  mill, 
to  be  used  in  case  of  a  scarcity  of  water. 

At  the  upper  end  of  the  mills  on  the  lower  level  is  a  low 
building,  four  hundred  and  seventy-two  feet  long  and  thirty 
wide,  used  as  a  bag-mill,  which  has  forty  bag-looms,  em 
ploys  twenty-five  males  and  sixty  females,  and  turns  out 
nine  thousand  sixteen-ounce  bags  a  week.  To  the  south 
for  five  hundred  feet  along  the  canal  extends  another  low 
building,  thirty  feet  wide,  used  as  a  store-house. 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  281 

Behind  the  latter  is  number  four  mill,  which  was  built  in 
1846  and  enlarged  in  1872.  The  original  building  was 
seven  stories  high,  two  hundred  and  sixty  feet  in  length  by 
sixty  in  width.  In  the  fall  of  1872  an  extension  \vas  built 
in  the  rear,  one  hundred  feet  long  and  sixty  feet  wide  In 
the  rear,  also,  are  two  picker-houses,  three  stories  high, 
fifty-six  feet  in  length  by  thirty-seven  in  width.  The  mill 
contains  seven  hundred  and  thirty-two  looms,  three  hun 
dred  and  twenty  cards  and  twenty-five  thousand  spindles, 
and  produces  about  fifty-five  thousand  pounds  a  week  of 
drillings,  denims  and  tickings.  It  gives  employment  to 
three  hundred  and  fifty  females  and  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  males,  and  its  machinery  is  driven  by  four  tur 
bine  wheels,  with  an  aggregate  of  one  thousand  horse 
powers. 

Number  five  mill  is  just  north  of  the  one  last  mentioned. 
It  is  two  hundred  and  fifty-eight  feet  long  by  sixty  wide, 
and  lias  a  picker-house,  sixty-two  feet  in  length  by  forty- 
four  in  width,  in  the  rear.  It  contains  five  hundred  and 
seventy-six  looms,  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  cards,  fif 
teen  thousand  throstle  spindles  and  twelve  thousand  mulc- 
tspindles.  Here  are  woven  twenty  thousand  pounds  a  week 
of  sheetings  from  thirty-six  to  one  hundred  inches  in  width. 
The  mill  employs  eighty  males  and  two  hundred  and  fifty 
females,  and  its  machinery  is  driven  by  two  turbine  wheels, 
which  have  an  aggregate  of  five  hundred  horse-powers. 

The  building  at  the  north  of  number  five  mill,  occupied 
as  a  dye-house  and  gingham  mill,  consists  of  a  centre-piece 
and  two  wings.  The  south  wing  is  the  dye-house,  and  is 
two  hundred  and  three  feet  long,  sixty-seven  feet  wide,  and 
three  stories  high.  In  it  are  employed  seventy-five  males 
and  seventy-five  feirales.  It  has  a  capacity  for  dyeing  sixty 
thousand  pounds  of  yarn  a  week,  and  all  the  colored  yarn 
used  in  the  mills  is  dyed  here.  The  middle  part  is  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  sixty-seven  feet  wide,  three 

18 


282  MANCHESTER. 

stories  high,  and  is  occupied  by  dressing  machinery  for 
ginghams.  The  north  wing  is  of  the  same  length  and 
breadth  as  the  dye-house,  but  four  stories  high.  It  lias 
seven  hundred  and  fifty  looms  which  make  one  hundred 
thousand  yards  of  gingham  a  week.  The  operatives  who 
are  employed  in  the  centre  and  the  north  wing  number  four 
hundred  females  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  males. 

A  new  mill  was  built  in  1874,  just  at  the  north  of  these 
buildings  and  parallel  with  them.  It  is  two  hundred  and 
sixty  feet  long,  sixty-eight  feet  wide,  four  stories  high,  and 
will  contain  twelve  hundred  looms  for  weaving  ginghams. 

The  bleachery  and  napping-house,  for  bleaching  and  nap 
ping  flannels,  are  in  a  small  building,  one  hundred  and  ten 
feet  in  length  and  thirty-six  in  width,  in  the  rear  of  the 
old  gingham-mill  and  near  the  river.  They  employ  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  operatives.  There  is  also  a  drying-house 
of  two  stories  in  height,  sixty  feet  long  and  thirty-six  wide. 
A  bridge,  four  hundred  feet  in  length  and  sixteen  in  width, 
has  been  thrown  across  the  Merrimack,  just  here,  to  the 
Company's  land  on  the  west  side,  where  its  coal-sheds  are 
located,  to  which  a  branch  track  runs  from  the  North  Weare 
railway  below  Granite  street.  Near  the  coal-sheds  is  a 
store-house  for  cotton  with  a  capacity  of  from  fifteen  thou 
sand  to  twenty  thousand  bales,  equal  to  a  year's  stock. 

The  machinery  is  all  driven  by  water,  but  for  heating 
and  other  purposes  there  are  fourteen  upright  boilers,  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  horse-powers  each,  located  in  four 
boiler-houses.  All  the  buildings  are  furnished  with  fire- 
escapes  and  hydrants  with  hose  attached  into  which  water 
from  the  Company's  reservoir  on  the  hill  may  be  let  at  any 
moment.  The  basements  of  the  mills  are  provided  with 
supply-pumps  for  furnishing  water. 

The  total  number  of  operatives  in  the  mills  is  twenty- 
five  hundred,  of  whom  eighteen  hundred  are  females. 
Seventy-five  men  are  engaged  in  taking  care  of  the  yard. 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  283 

The  corporations  all  employ  night-watchmen  to  patrol  their 
grounds.  The  Amoskeag  Company  has  nine  mills,  con 
taining  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  spindles  and 
thirty-five  hundred  looms,  making  six  hundred  thousand 
yards  a  week  of  different  goods,  of  which  three  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  yards  are  colored.  There  are  fourteen 
water-wheels,  seven  on  each  level,  which  have  an  aggregate 
of  thirty-five  hundred  horse-powers.  The  mills  use  two 
hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  pounds  of  cotton  a  week. 
They  consume  annually  six  thousand  tons  of  coal,  a  thou 
sand  cords  of  wood,  two  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  starch, 
twelve  thousand  gallons  of  oil,  three  hundred  thousand  dol 
lars'  worth  of  dyestuffs.  The  colored  goods  consist  of  tick 
ings,  denims,  fancy  shirtings  and  ginghams ;  the  white  goods, 
of  drillings,  flannels,  sheetings  and  bags.  During  the  late 
war  the  mills  made  enormous  quantities  of  army  goods. 
The  pay-roll  is  about  eighty  thousand  dollars  a  month. 

There  are  spun  in  the  mills  every  year  one  hundred  and 
thirty  million  skeins  of  yarn,  each  eight  hundred  and  forty 
yards  long,  which  make  a  total  length  of  sixty  million 
miles,  enough  to  go  around  the  world  twenty-four  hundred 
times.  Woven  into  a  belt  of  cloth  twenty  inches  wide,  like 
ordinary  ticking,  they  would  just  about  put  a  girdle  about 
the  earth.  The  daily  production  of  cloth  is  one  hundred 
thousand  yards,  nearly  fifty-seven  miles,  or  two  and  a  quar 
ter  yards  each  second  of  working  time,  one  yard  for  every 
second  in  the  year. 

The  machine-shops,  though  their  products  have  done  as 
much  of  late  years  as  the  cotton  goods  to  spread  the  rep 
utation  of  the  Amoskeag  Company,  are  rather  low,  unre 
markable  buildings,  a  complete  contrast  to  the  tall  mills, 
and  are  situated  on  the  right  as  one  enters  the  yard,  on  the 
the  lower  level  and  in  the  rear  of  the  Stark  mills.  There 
are  two  machine-shops,  distinctively  such,  though  the  other 
buildings  in  their  vicinity  are  connected  with  their  depart- 


284  MANCHESTER. 

ment.  One  is  three  hundred  and  eighty-one  feet  long  and 
thirty-six  wide  ;  the  other,  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet 
long  by  forty  wide  :  both  three  stories  in  height.  The  for 
mer  was  built  in  1840,  when  the  building  of  new  mills 
called  for  machinery.  The  second  was  built  in  1848,  to 
accommodate  an  increasing  business.  A  foundry  was  built 
in  1842  and  a  new  one  in  1848.  The  present  foundry  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty-four  feet  in  length  by  eighty  in  breadth. 
There  is  also  a  building  on  the  edge  of  the  lower  canal, 
five  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  wide,  used 
for  miscellaneous  purposes ;  and  a  row  of  sheds,  two  hun 
dred  feet  in  length  and  thirty  in  width. 

At  the  southern  end  of  the  "lower  shop"  the  first  part  of 
the  lower  story  is  the  "setting-up"  room,  where  the  steam 
ers  are  put  together.  Beyond  is  a  room  where  castings  are 
cleaned  and  which  contains  the  heavy  tools  and  lathes, 
among  the  latter  being  one  which  swings  twenty-four  feet 
and  is  said  to  be  the  largest  lathe  in  New  England.  In  the 
second  story  looms  are  made,  and  in  the  third  machinery 
is  put  together.  Beyond  this  building  is  one  which  was 
used  during  the  late  war  as  a  gun-barrel  rolling-mill,  but 
which  is  now  a  paint-shop  and  drying-house.  Next  is  the 
"  pickling-room,"  where  the  castings  are  dipped  in  acid  to 
clean  them  from  the  sand  which  adheres  to  them  when 
they  come  from  the  foundry.  In  the  latter,  which  is  the 
next  building  and  forms  the  northern  end  of  this  row,  are 
made  such  castings  as  the  company  does  not  buy. 

The  lower  floor  of  the  "  upper  shop"  is  used  as  a  place  in 
which  to  make  frames  and  cylinders  for  steam  fire  engines, 
and  one  end  is  occupied  as  a  repair-shop.  The  next  story 
is  used  as  a  belt-shop,  wood-shop  and  tin-shop,  and  in  it  are 
made  gears  and  rolls.  In  the  third  story  is  a  wood-room, 
and  screws,  cotton-machinery  and  steamer-work  are  also 
made  in  it.  In  the  attic  tools  are  ground  and  polished  and 
cotton-machinery  put  together.  Beyond  is  the  blacksmith- 


AMOSKEAG  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  285 

shop,  where  the  deafening  trip-hammers  are  at  work,  and, 
still  farther  beyond,  a  stone  building  in  which  the  process 
of  softening  iron  is  carried  on. 

At  the  southern  end  of  the  eastern  row  of  buildings  are 
several  store-rooms,  which  were  used  as  counting-rooms  for 
the  Machine-Shop  and  the  Land  and  Water-Power  Com 
pany,  when  those  departments  had  individual  existence. 
Next  is  a  spindle-room,  and  then  successively,  a  boiler-shop, 
a  store-house,  and  a  pattern-house  in  which  are  locked  up 
the  patterns  for  machinery  and  which  completes  the  row. 

The  shops  were  originally  built  to  make  machinery  for 
the  mills,  but  gradually  the  business  was  enlarged,  and  there 
were  made,  besides,  locomotive  and  stationary  engines,  boil 
ers,  heavy  tools,  turbine  wheels,  etc.  The  first  locomotive 
was  built  for  the  Northern  railway  in  1849,  and  sixty  were 
turned  out  yearly,  some  hundreds  having  been  made  before 
their  manufacture  was  given  up.  During  the  late  war  the 
shops  made  forty  thousand  stands  of  arms  for  the  United 
States  government,  and  some  turret-work  for  the  "monitors" 
was  manufactured  here. 

The  shops  still  make  what  new  machinery  the  Amoskeag 
Company  needs  and  repair  the  old,  but  their  main  business 
is  the  manufacture  of  steam  fire  engines,  which  was  begun 
in  1859.  There  are  annually  turned  out  fifty  steamers  be 
sides  hose-carriages.  Five  hundred  have  already  been  built 
and  the  quality  is  improved  each  year.  The  catalogue  in 
cludes  first-class  and  second-class  engines,  engines  with 
double  and  single  pumps,  and  "  self-propellers,"  so  called, 
whose  steam  takes  the  place  of  horses  as  a  motive  power. 
The  hose-carriages  are  made  to  be  drawn  by  horses  or  men, 
are  made  single  or  double,  with  two  wheels  or  with  four. 
Of  the  steamers,  the  United  States  government  has  bought 
thirty-three  ;  New  York  city,  forty-five  ;  Boston,  twenty ; 
Brooklyn,  nineteen  ;  New  Orleans,  eighteen  ;  Pittsburgh, 
fourteen ;  San  Francisco,  thirteen  ;  Philadelphia,  twelve  ; 


286  MANCHESTER. 

Detroit,  nine  ;  Albany,  eight ;  Cambridge,  five  ;  Manches 
ter,  four.  They  are  scattered  all  over  the  United  States 
from  Maine  to  Oregon,  and  are  found  generally  at  the  na 
tional  soldiers'  asylums,  navy-yards  and  arsenals.  There 
are  ninety-nine  owned  in  New  York  State,  ninety-one  in 
Massachusetts,  sixty-three  in  Pennsylvania,  twenty-seven 
in  New  Jersey,  twenty-two  in  California,  nineteen  in  Maine, 
eighteen  in  Louisiana,  eighteen  in  Illinois,  seventeen  in  New 
Hampshire  and  twelve  in  Connecticut,  these  ten  States  own 
ing  nearly  four-fifths  of  all  which  have  been  made.  But 
they  represent^Manchester's  industry  far  beyond  the  limits 
of  this  country,  twenty-two  having  been  sent  to  foreign 
lands.  There  are  a  large  number  in  the  Canadas,  New 
Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia  ;  there  are  two  in  London,  Eng 
land,  named  in  honor  of  Queen  Victoria  and  the  Princess 
Alexandra  ;  and  one  in  Amoor  (Russia).  Shanghai  (China), 
Sydney  (New  South  Wales),  Lima  (Peru),  and  Copiapo 
(Chili). 

The  machine-shops  employ  four  hundred  and  fifty  men 
and  have  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  twenty  thousand  dollars. 
They  consume  annually  five  hundred  tons  of  coal,  four 
hundred  cords  of  wood,  six  hundred  gallons  of  oil,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  feet  of  lumber,  twelve  hundred 
tons  of  cast  iron,  wrought  iron  and  steel,  fifty  thousand 
pounds  of  wrought  brass  and  brass  castings. 

The  Company  occupies  a  carpenter-shop  in  Mechanics' 
Row,  which  gives  employment  to  a  dozen  men  who  make 
large  beams  and  columns  for  the  mills  and  put  in  mill- 
wheels.  In  a  neat  brick  building,  at  the  upper  end  of 
the  Row,  are  located  the  pumps  which  raise  the  water  of 
the  Merrimack  to  the  Company's  reservoir  in  the  square 
bounded  by  Blodget,  Harrison,  Oak  and  Russell  streets, 
and  from  which  it  flows  to  the  corporation  to  be  used  in  the 
tenements  and  to  be  available  in  case  of  fire.  The  pumps 
are  double  and  of  the  kind  termed  "  bucket  and  plunger," 


THE  STARK  MILLS.  287 

with  a  thirty-three  inch  stroke  up  and  down,  make  thirty 
strokes  a  minute  and  are  driven  by  a  wheel  of  sixty  horse 
powers.  They  deliver  forty-live  thousand  gallons  of  water 
an  hour,  or  over  one  million  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours, 
into  the  reservoir.  The  latter  is  four  hundred  feet  long, 
one  hundred  and  fifty  wide  and  eighteen  deep,  has  a  capac 
ity  of  eleven  million  gallons  and  is  one  hundred  and  ten 
feet  above  the  level  of  Elm  street  at  the  city  hall.  The 
square  in  which  it  is  located  contains  about  six  acres  and 
a  half.  The  Amoskeag  Company  supplies  the  other  corpo 
rations  with  water  from  it  at  the  price  of  one-tenth  of  one 
per  cent,  upon  their  capital  stock.  A  ledge  upon  the  "Com 
pany's  hill,"  so  called,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  be 
longs  to  the  Amoskeag  corporation  and  supplies  all  the  stone 
used  in  the  mills,  employing  fifty  quarrymen  and  a  large 
number  of  laborers. 

The  Amoskeag  Company  thus  has  a  total  force  of  nearly 
four  thousand  employees  and  a  total  pay-roll  averaging 
nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  a  month,  and 
consumes  yearly  over  eight  thousand  tons  of  coal,  twenty- 
five  thousand  bales  of  cotton,  fourteen  hundred  cords  of 
wood  and  sixteen  million  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  cu 
bic  feet  of  gas.  The  Company  pays  taxes  in  Manchester, 
Bedford,  Merrimack,  Hooksett,  Pembroke,  Bow,  Concord, 
Goshen  and  Washington,  this  state,  and  in  Newark,  Vt. 
Its  tax  for  1874  was  about  sixty-three  thousand  dollars. 

In  addition,  the  Company  owns  and  operates  what  was 
formerly  known  as  the  Namaske  Mills,  having  bought  the 
property  in  February,  1875. 

THE    STARK   MILLS. 

This  corporation  was  chartered  in  1888,  and  began  opera 
tions  the  next  year.  Its  first  officers  were  chosen  Septem 
ber  26, 1838,  Nathan  Appleton  being  the  first  president,  con- 


288  MANCHESTER. 

tinuing  such  till  June  26,  1871,  and  being  then  succeeded 
by  Israel  Whitney,  who  remained  till  October  2,  1872. 
Charles  Amory  then  took  his  place,  and  he  was  succeeded, 
October  9,  1873,  by  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge. 

Nathan  Appleton,   George   W.  Lyman,    Willard   Sayles, 
Francis  C.  Lowell,  William  Appleton,  William  Amory  and 
Samuel  Henshaw  were  chosen  in  1838  as  the  first  directors. 
William  Amory  was  succeeded  the  next  year  by  David  Sears, 
but  was  re-elected  in  1841  in   place   of  Mr.  Lowell.     The 
latter  was  elected  the   next  year  to  succeed  Mr.  Henshaw 
and  was  himself  suceeded  in  1846  by  Joseph  Tilden.      In 
1848  Franklin  H.  Story  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caus 
ed  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Sayles,  and  in   1854   Mr.  Til 
den  was  succeeded  by  Samuel  Frothingham.     In  1857  Mr. 
Sears  resigned,  but  it  was  not  till  the  next  year  that  his 
place  was  filled,  William  Amory  and  Samuel  Frothingham 
then  resigning  and  the  three  vacancies  being  filled  by  the 
election  of  Israel  Whitney,  J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch  and  John 
C.  Lee.     In  1861  Nathan  Appleton,  and  in  1862   William 
Appleton,   resigned,  and    thereafter   there   were    but    five 
directors.      In  1871   Messrs.   Lyman  and  Story  were  suc 
ceeded  by  Gardner  Brewer  and  Charles  Amory.     In  1872 
T.  Jefferson  Coolidge  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Whitney.    In  1873  J.  Lewis  Stack- 
pole  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr.  Lee.     Upon  Mr.  Brewer's 
death  in  1874  Lewis  Downing  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
The  first  treasurer  was  William  Amory,  who  was  elected 
October  24,  1839,  and  was  succeeded,  January  1,  1848,  by 
Charles  Amory,  but  was  re-elected  June   29,  1852,  and  is 
the  present  treasurer.       George  W.  Kimball  was  clerk  of 
the  proprietors  from  September  26, 1838,  to  June  29, 1840, 
being  then  succeeded  by  John  A.  Burnham,  who  had  been 
agent  since  September  26,  1838.      He  was   succeeded  as 
clerk  and  agent,  November  6,  1847,  by  Phinehas  Adams. 
George  W.  Tilden  was  paymaster  from  February,  1839,  to 


THE  STARK  MILLS.  289 

August,  1852,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  B.  Web 
ster,  who  remained  till  1864,  when  the  present  paymaster, 
Daniel  C.  Gould,  jr.,  was  appointed.  The  first  selling 
agents  were  J.  W.  Paige  &  Company,  who  were  followed  in 
1864  by  Gardner  Brewer  &  Company.  The  original  capital 
was  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  increased  in 
January,  1845,  to  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand ;  in 
June,  1846,  to  one  million  ;  in  June,  184  <,  to  the  present 
sum,  one  million  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 
Tbe  par  value  of  the  shares  is  one  thousand  dollars  each. 
They  were  worth  six  or  seven  hundred  dollars  apiece  when 
Mr.  Adams  was  chosen  agent,  rose  to  fourteen  or  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  during  the  war  and  are  now  quoted  at 
eleven  hundred. 

The  Stark  Mills  own  fourteen  acres  of  land,  one  third  of 
which  is  occupied  by  the  mill-yard,  situated  just  above  the 
Amoskeag  yard  and  lying  wholly  on  the  upper  canal  with  a 
front  of  ten  hundred  and  twenty-two  feet  from  Stark  to 
Bridge  streets.  The  rest  of  the  land  is  in  four  pieces  and 
part  of  it  is  occupied  by  overseers'  and  boarding-house 
blocks  and  the  agent's  house.  One  piece  is  bounded  by 
Mechanic  street  on  the  north,  Elm  back  street  on  the  east, 
Stark  street  on  the  south  and  Canal  street  on  the  west. 
The  square  just  above,  included  between  Elm  back  street, 
Water,  Canal  and  Spring  streets,  is  owned  by  the  Amos 
keag  Company,  excepting  a  section  bounded  on  the  east  by 
Elm  back  street  and  running  westerly  one  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  on  Spring  and  Water  streets,  which  belongs  to  the 
Stark  Mills.  The  latter  own  also  a  piece  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Bridge  street,  on  the  east  by  Elm  back  street  pro 
duced,  on  the  south  by  Spring  street  and  on  the  west  by 
Canal  street,  except  the  lot  on  which  the  North  grammar- 
school  house  stands.  Six  acres  of  this,  whose  northern, 
southern  and  eastern  boundaries  are  Bridge  and  Charles 
streets  and  Elm  back  street  produced,  are  unoccupied. 


290  MANCHESTER. 

The  mills  own  still  another  lot,  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  feet  long  and  one  hundred  feet  wide,  on  the  corner  of 
Vine  and  Concord  streets,  which  is  occupied  by  tenement- 
houses.  The  first  house  which  was  used  as  the  agent's 
was  built  for  Mr.  Burnham,  the  first  agent,  on  the  north 
east  corner  of  Pine  and  Hanover  streets,  and  was  occupied 
by  him  and  his  successor,  Mr.  Adams.  This  was  exchanged 
with  the  Amoskeag  Company  for  the  house  on  Water  street 
which  they  had  built  as  a  residence  for  the  agent  of  the 
machine-shop.  Mr.  Adams  occupied  this  till  he  moved  to 
a  house  of  his  own,  and  it  is  now  rented. 

Number  one  and  number  two  mills,  the  first  cotton-mills 
in  operation  on  this  side  of  the  Merrimack  river  in  this 
city,  were  built,  one  in  1838  and  the  other  in  1839,  and  are 
exact  counterparts  of  each  other.  They  are  situated  on 
the  western  side  of  the  yard  at  its  lower  end  and  their 
wheels  are  driven  by  water  from  the  upper  canal.  They 
are  both  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  by  fifty  wide,  with 
a  picker-house  at  the  north,  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  in 
length  and  one  at  the  south,  thirty  feet  in  length.  They 
are  united  by  an  addition  erected  in  1844,  eighty  feet  long 
and  fifty-eight  wide,  thus  becoming  one  building,  five 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  long  including  the  picker-houses, 
and  six  stories  high.  It  has  twenty-two  thousand  spin 
dles  and  six  hundred  and  sixty  looms,  which  are  driven 
by  one  large  and  four  smaller  turbine  wheels,  with  an  ag 
gregate  of  eleven  hundred  horse-powers.  There  are  em 
ployed  in  it  four  hundred  females  and  a  hundred  males, 
and  its  daily  production  is  twenty-six  thousand  five  hundred 
yards  of  cotton  goods. 

Number  three  mill,  built  in  1846,  stands  upon  the  west 
ern  side  of  the  yard  at  its  upper  end.  It  is,  including  a 
picker-house  at  each  end,  three  hundred  and  eighty  feet 
long,  sixty  feet  wide  and  seven  stories  high.  Its  machinery, 
driven  by  one  large  and  three  smaller  turbine  wheels,  which 


THE  STARK  MILLS.  291 

have  a  total  of  nine  hundred  horse-powers  and  are  fed  by 
water  from  the  upper  canal,  includes  twenty-two  thousand 
spindles  and  six  hundred  and  sixty  looms.  It  employs  one 
hundred  males  and  four  hundred  females,  and  makes  daily 
twenty-six  thousand  five  hundred  yards  of  sheetings,  shirt 
ings  and  drillings,  thus  being,  in  respect  to  machinery,  op 
eratives  and  product,  similar  to  the  combination  of  the  first 
two  mills. 

A  building  where  linen  goods  are  bleached  is  situated  in 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  yard.  It  is  seventy-five  feet 
long,  forty  feet  wide,  three  stories  high,  and  it  has  a  capac 
ity  for  bleaching  seven  thousand  yards  a  day.  Back  of  the 
northern  picker-house  of  the  lower  mill  is  a  building,  forty- 
five  feet  in  length,  thirty-five  in  width  and  three  stories  in 
height,  the  lower  story  of  which  is  used  for  drying  yarns 
and  the  two  upper  for  card-rooms.  Just  at  the  north  of 
this  is  a  building,  sixty-eight  feet  long,  twenty  feet  wide  and 
two  stories  high,  one-half  of  which,  up  and  down,  is  used 
for  bleaching  yarns,  and  the  other  half  for  sizing. 

The  continuous  line  of  buildings,  three  stories  in  height, 
which  fronts  on  Canal  street,  is  begun  at  the  southern  end 
by  the  linen-mill,  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet  long  and 
thirty  feet  wide.  It  has  fifteen  hundred  spindles  and  one 
hundred  looms,  driven  by  power  from  number  one  mill, 
employs  fifty  operatives,  nearly  all  females,  and  makes  six 
thousand  yards  of  crash  and  towelings  a  day.  The  next 
division  is  seventy-eight  feet  long,  and  is  occupied,  in  the 
lower  story  as  a  shearing-room,  in  the  second  as  a  belt- 
room,  and  in  the  third  as  a  card-room.  Next  comes  the 
counting-room,  thirty  feet  long  and  ten  feet  wider  than  the 
rest  of  the  line,  with  a  store-house  over  it.  The  cloth- 
room  is  next  in  order  and  occupies  all  three  stories  for  one 
hundred  and  eight  feet.  The  repair-shops  extend  north 
ward  from  this  point  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet  and  are 
divided  into  a  waste-house,  store-room  for  iron,  paint-shop, 


292  MANCHESTER. 

blacksmith-shop,  wood-shop,  and  repair-shop  for  iron  and 
steel  work.  The  rest  of  the  building,  four  hundred  and 
forty-six  feet  in  length,  is  occupied  by  five  store-houses  for 
cotton  and  linen.  There  are  two  boiler-houses,  which  sup 
ply  heat  for  the  mills  and  for  some  mechanical  processes. 

The  mills  have  forty-four  thousand  cotton-spindles  and 
thirteen  hundred  and  twenty  cotton-looms,  fifteen  hundred 
linen-spindles  and  one  hundred  linen-looms.  They  employ 
nine  hundred  and  fifty  females  and  two  hundred  and  fifty 
males,  with  a  pay-roll  of  forty  thousand  dollars  a  month. 
The  corporation  leases  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  twenty 
mill-powers.  The  mills  are  provided  with  the  necessary  ap 
paratus  for  extinguishing  fires  and  the  hydrants  are  sup 
plied  with  water  from  the  Amoskeag  Company's  reservoir. 
The  mills  consume  no  coal,  but  use  yearly  thirty-six  hundred 
cords  of  wood,  sixty  tons  of  starch,  six  thousand  gallons 
of  oil,  three  hundred  tons  of  flax,  fifteen  thousand  bales 
of  cotton  and  one  million  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
cubic  feet  of  gas. 

The  mills  make  crash  and  towelings  in  linen  goods, 
sheetings,  drillings,  cotton  duck  and  bags  in  cotton  goods. 
At  first  only  sheetings  and  drillings  were  made,  but,  after 
the  fire  of  1850  which  destroyed  the  upper  story  of  number 
two  mill,  this  was  fitted  with  looms  for  the  manufacture  of 
bags,  invented  and  patented  by  Cyrus  W.  Baldwin.  There 
were  at  first  ten  looms  which  made  four  hundred  bags  a 
day.  When  the  late  war  produced  a  scarcity  of  cotton,  it 
was  resolved  to  make  bags  from  linen  instead,  and  Mr. 
Adams  was  sent  to  Europe  in  1863  by  the  corporation  to 
get  an  idea  of  the  linen-machinery  used  abroad.  He  had 
machinery  built  in  England  at  a  cost  of  forty  thousand  dol 
lars  and  brought  it  across  the  ocean,  and  the  making  of 
linen  bags  was  then  begun.  After  the  war,  when  cotton 
was  cheaper,  it  took  the  place  of  linen  in  the  bags,  and  the 
linen-looms  have  since  been  used  for  the  manufacture  of 


THE  MANCHESTER  MILLS.  293 

crash  and  towelings.  The  bags  are  known  as  the  "  seam 
less  bags,"  being  woven  in  one  piece,  and  have  acquired  an 
excellent  reputation.  They  are  made  of  all  sizes,  from  a 
capacity  of  three  pints  to  that  of  four  bushels,  and  are 
used  for  holding  specie,  ore,  grain  and  bread,  and  for  sugar- 
straining.  The  mills  make  goods  which  measure  from  one 
yard  to  four  yards  and  a  half  per  pound.  Their  yarns  are 
coarser  and  their  goods  heavier  to  the  yard  than  any  others 
made  in  the  city,  and  they  use  more  cotton  in  proportion 
than  any  other  mills  here.  Their  sheetings  are  from  thirty- 
six  to  sixty-one  inches  wide,  drillings  from  thirty  to  fifty-one 
inches,  cotton  duck  from  twenty-eight  to  fifty-six  inches. 
They  make  from  twenty-four  hundred  to  ten  thousand  bags 
a  day  ;  eighteen  million  yards  of  all  kinds  of  goods  a  year 
or  sixty  thousand  yards  a  day,  fifty-four  thousand  of  cotton 
goods  and  six  thousand  of  linen  goods. 

THE    MANCHESTER    MILLS. 

The  Amoskeag  Company  had  early  begun  in  their  mill  at 
Hooksett,  which  had  some  six  or  eight  thousand  spindles, 
the  manufacture  of  delaines,  a  business  then  unknown  in 
this  country.  The  fabric  was  made  without  trouble,  but 
the  manufacturers  had  neither  sufficient  knowledge  nor 
machinery  to  compete  successfully  with  others  in  printing 
the  cloth  after  it  was  made,  and  it  was  sold  from  the  loom 
to  a  firm  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  who  printed  it  on  their 
own  account.  But  it  was  determined  to  go  into  the  busi 
ness  on  a  larger  scale,  and  in  1839  the  Manchester  Mills, 
composed  for  the  most  part  of  stockholders  in  the  corpora 
tions  already  in  existence,  was  incorporated  with  a  capital 
of  a  million  dollars.  Mr.  Straw  was  sent  to  Europe  in  1844 
to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  structures  and  machinery 
used  there  for  printing  delaines,  and  brought  back  from  the 
manufactories  into  which  he  gained  access  on  one  pretext 


294  MANCHESTER. 

and  another  a  knowledge  which  was  made  use  of  in  the 
erection  of  the  works  of  this  company,  whose  first  mill  was 
built  in  1845  and  which  got  under  way  the  next  year. 

In  1847  this  corporation  sold  its  property  to  one  which 
had  been  chartered  the  previous  year,  with  a  capital  of  fif 
teen  hundred  thousand  dollars,  under  the  name  of  the 
Merrimack  Mills.  In  July,  1849,  its  name  was  changed 
to  that  of  the  Manchester  Print- Works,  and  in  1852  its 
capital  was  increased  to  eighteen  hundred  thousand  dol 
lars.  Its  average  dividends  during  its  existence  were  nine 
per  cent,  and  during  the  late  war  it  paid  five  semi-annual 
dividends  in  succession  of  ten  per  cent,  each,  but  its  pros 
perity  subsequently  declined.  In  1873  it  was  authorized 
by  the  legislature  to  reduce  its  capital  to  five  hundred  and 
forty  thousand  dollars,  and  its  property  was  sold  at  auction, 
March  26, 1874,  the  old  stockholders  having  the  privilege  of 
subscribing  for  stock  in  a  new  corporation  in  proportion  to 
the  amount  they  held  in  the  old.  The  property  was  bought 
by  a  corporation,  chartered  in  1873  under  the  name  of  the 
Manchester  Print- Works  and  Mills,  with  a  capital  of  two 
million  dollars.  Its  name  was  changed  in  1874  to  that  of 
the  Manchester  Mills. 

David  Sears  was  president  of  the  first  corporation  till 
July,  1846,  and  was  then  succeeded  by  Oliver  Dean,  who 
continued  in  office  till  October,  1871,  when  William  Mixter 
was  chosen  in  his  stead  and  remained  president  of  the 
Manchester  Print-Works  corporation  which  has  not  quite 
gone  out  of  existence. 

The  first  directors  of  the  Merrimack  Mills  were  Jabez  C. 
Howe,  Oliver  Dean,  Nathan  Appleton,  George  Howe  and 
William  Arnory.  In  1848  David  Sears  succeeded  Oliver 
Dean.  The  next  year  the  corporation  assumed  the  name 
of  the  Manchester  Print- Works.  In  1855  Samuel  R. 
Payson  was  added.  In  1857  in  place  of  David  Sears  and 
Jabez  C.  Howe,  Sidney  Homer  and  James  Ellison  were 


THE  MANCHESTER  MILLS.  295 

elected.  In  1858  Sidney  Homer  was  succeeded  by  David 
Sears,  jr.  In  1862  Samuel  W.  Swett  was  elected  in  place 
of  Nathan  Appleton.  In  1867  Charles  W.  Freeland  was 
chosen  to  succeed  James  Ellison.  In  1869  Samuel  W. 
Swett  and  George  Howe  gave  place  to  T.  Jefferson  Cool- 
idge  and  Samuel  Johnson.  In  1871  Nathan  Parker  and 
David  13.  Jewett  were  elected  in  place  of  William  Amory 
and  David  Scars,  jr.  In  1873  C.  W.  Freeland,  S.  R.  Pay- 
son,  Samuel  Johnson  and  D.  B.  Jewett  were  succeeded  by 
Walter  Hastings,  A.  E.  Hildreth,  Caleb  W.  Loring  and 
Samuel  Fay,  and  in  1874  Samuel  R.  Payson,  Caleb  W. 
Loring,  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge,  Nathan  Parker,  Joseph  C. 
Hovey  and  Gilbert  R.  Payson  were  chosen  directors. 

The  first  treasurer  was  Isaac  Livermore,  who  remained 
till  1852,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Amory,  who 
remained  till  1871,  when  William  II.  Thompson  took  his 
place.  Upon  the  latter's  retirement  in  1873,  Charles  H. 
Dalton  was  elected  and  is  the  present  treasurer  of  the 
Manchester  Print- Works.  George  B.  Upton  was  clerk  of 
the  proprietors  till  1846,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  F.  A. 
Hussey,  who  remained  such  till  1849,  when  Oliver  Macy 
took  his  place.  The  latter  was  succeeded  in  1859  by  Jo- 
siah  S.  Shannon,  the  present  clerk  of  the  Manchester  Print- 
Works. 

The  manufacturing  and  the  printing  departments  have 
sometimes  been  under  the  direct  management  of  one  man, 
sometimes  under  the  management  of  separate  agents 
responsible  only  to  the  directors,  and  sometimes  there  has 
been  a  manager  of  the  printing  department  subordinate  to 
the  agent  of  the  whole.  The  first  agent  of  the  manufac 
turing  department  was  George  B.  Upton,  who  remained  till 
November,  1845,  and  was  succeeded  by  William  P.  Newell, 
who  left  March  1,  1853,  when  his  place  was  taken  by  Wa 
terman  Smith.  The  latter  continued  agent  till  June,  1871, 
and  was  then  succeeded  by  A.  M.  Wade,  who  remained 


296  MANCHESTER. 

only  till  December.  Then  H.  M.  Thompson  took  his  place, 
remaining  till  February,  1874,  when  Joseph  Stone  succeed 
ed  him.  The  first  superintendent  of  the  printing  depart 
ment  was  James  Peacock,  who  remained  till  1848,  when 
William  P.  Newell,  the  agent  of  the  mills,  assumed  the 
whole  control,  and  kept  it  till  his  withdrawal  from  the 
agency.  In  December,  1852,  John  P.  Lord  took  charge  of 
the  printery  and  remained  its  manager  a  year,  when  Charles 
H.  Dalton  succeeded  him.  The  latter  held  the  control  till 
1864,  though  Samuel  Webber  became  manager  under  him 
in  1858  and  remained  till  Mr.  Dalton's  departure,  when 
John  M.  Ordway  was  made  superintendent.  He  continued 
till  1866,  when  the  whole  establishment  passed  into  the 
management  of  Waterman  Smith,  agent  of  the  mills. 
Archibald  M.  Graham  came  in  May,  1865,  and  was  man 
ager  under  Mr.  Ordway  and  Mr.  Smith  till  about  1869. 
James  Dean  was  appointed  superintendent  and  took  the 
entire  control  of  the  printery  in  1870,  and  since  then  there 
has  been  no  change.  The  first  paymaster  at  the  mills  was 
F.  A.  Hussey,  who  was  succeeded  in  1848  by  Oliver  Macy. 
He  remained  till  1854,  when  Josiah  S.  Shannon  took  his 
place  and  has  continued  to  occupy  it.  John  P.  Lord  was 
paymaster  at  the  print-works  till  1851,  when  Andrew  N. 
Baker  succeeded  him  and  has  remained  paymaster  since. 

The  Manchester  Print-Works  and  Mills,  which  had 
been  chartered  in  1873  and  had  bought  the  property  of  the 
Manchester  Print- Works  in  1874,  was  organized  May 
13,  1874,  by  the  choice  of  Lyman  Nichols  as  president; 
Lyman  Nichols,  Samuel  Fay,  William  H.  Hill,  Moody  Cur 
rier,  Benjamin  P.  Cheney,  Samuel  R.  Payson  and  William 
0.  Grover  as  directors;  Asa  Fowler  as  clerk.  These  were 
re-elected  at  the  animal  meeting  in  October.  At  the  June 
session  of  1874  the  legislature  allowed  the  corporation  to 
assume  the  name  of  the  Manchester  Mills.  It  has  a  capi 
tal  of  two  million  dollars  in  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars 


• 


THE  MANCHESTER  MILLS.  297 

each.  The  treasurer  for  a  few  months  was  Charles  H.  Dai- 
ton,  who  was  succeeded  by  John  C.  Palfrey.  The  agent  of 
the  manufacturing  department  is  Joseph  Stone ;  the  super 
intendent  of  the  printing  department,  James  Dean.  The 
selling  agents  are  White,  Payson  &  Company,  Boston  and 
New  York.  The  paymaster  at  the  mills  is  Josiah  S.  Shan 
non  ;  at  the  print-works,  Andrew  N.  Baker. 

The  Manchester  Mills  own  about  forty- three  acres  of 
land  in  all.  An  acre  and  three-quarters,  which  takes  up  the 
space  (except  a  lot  on  the  south  side  of  Merrimack  street 
which  belongs  to  the  Amoskeag  Company)  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Merrimack  street,  on  the  east  by  Franklin  street, 
on  the  south  by  Pleasant  street  and  on  the  west  by  Canal 
street,  is  occupied  by  boarding-house  and  overseers'  blocks. 
A  house,  also,  which  was  built  for  the  agent  of  the  mills, 
stands  on  the  corner  of  Pleasant  and  Franklin  streets.  It 
has  been  occupied  by  Messrs.  Newell,  Smith  and  Thomp 
son,  and  now  is  tenanted  by  Mr.  Dean,  the  superintendent 
of  the  print  works. 

Five  acres,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  waste-way 
through  which  the  water  flows  from  the  upper  into  the 
lower  canal,  on  the  east  by  Bedford  street,  on  the  south  by 
Granite  street  and  on  the  west  by  State  street,  are  occu 
pied  by  overseers'  and  boarding-house  blocks.  There  are 
four  acres  in  Piscataquog  village  which  are  occupied  in  the 
same  way,  including  two  lots  on  Granite  street  on  which 
dwelling-houses  stand,  one  of  which  has  been  used  as  a 
residence  for  the  superintendent  of  the  print-works.  Mr. 
Peacock,  the  first  superintendent,  lived  in  the  house  now 
occupied  by  William  Whittle,  on  the  corner  of  Granite  and 
Main  streets.  There  arc  eight  acres  of  unoccupied  land  in 
Piscataquog  which  belong  to  the  Manchester  Mills.  The 
mill-yard  contains  a  little  over  thirteen  acres,  included  be 
tween  the  Amoskeag  Company's  yard  and  Granite  street 
and  extending  eleven  hundred  feet  on  the  lower  canal  and 

19 


298  MANCHESTER. 

thirteen  hundred  and  ten  feet  on  the  river.  There  are  ten 
acres  on  the  south  of  Granite  street,  extending  eight  hun 
dred  and  thirty  feet  on  the  canal  and  seven  hundred  and 
eighty-five  on  the  river,  to  the  yard  of  the  Namaske  Mills. 

The  Manchester  Mills  lease  forty  mill-powers  of  the  Am- 
oskeag  Company.  They  have  hydrants  and  fire-escapes 
connected  with  the  buildings,  and  also  a  steam  fire-engine 
with  an  organized  company.  They  use  the  water  of  the 
canal  for  general  purposes,  and  their  tenements  are  sup 
plied  from  the  city's  reservoir.  The  corporation  is  divided 
into  two  distinct  and  yet  connected  departments,  for  manu 
facturing  and  for  printing.  The  former  occupies  all  of  the 
mill-yard  but  three  and  two-fifths  acres. 

Number  one  mill  is  situated  at  the  upper  end  of  the  yard 
and  was  built  in  1845.  It  is  four  hundred  and  thirty -seven 
feet  long,  sixty  feet  wide  and  six  stories  high.  The  south 
ern  half  was  burned  in  1855  and  re-built.  At  its  upper 
end  is  a  wheel-house,  thirty-five  feet  long  and  thirty  wide  ; 
in  its  rear  a  boiler-house,  containing  six  boilers  with  an 
aggregate  of  four  hundred  horse-powers  ;  and  back  of  the 
lower  end  is  a  three-story  picker-house,  fifty-two  feet  wide 
and  sixty  feet  long.  The  mill  contains  forty-five  thousand 
spindles  and  eleven  hundred  looms,  which  are  driven  by  two 
turbine  wheels,  each  with  a  diameter  of  eight  feet  and  of 
five  hundred  horse-powers.  There  are  employed  in  the 
mill  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  males  and  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  females,  and  its  weekly  production  is  two 
hundred  thousand  yards  of  print-cloths. 

Just  south  of  this  is  number  two  mill,  built  in  1850, 
three  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet  long,  sixty  feet  wide 
and  six  and  a  half  stories  high.  In  the  rear,  at  its  northern 
end,  is  a  picker-house,  forty-eight  feet  in  length  by  twenty- 
seven  in  width,  four  stories  high.  There  is,  also,  behind 
the  mill,  a  boiler-house,  fifty  feet  long  and  forty-six  feet 
wide,  whose  upper  story  is  used  for  wool-drying  and  which 


THE  MANCHESTER  MILLS.  299 

contains  six  boilers  of  four  hundred  horse-powers.  The 
mill  has  a  thousand  looms,  ten  thousand  worsted-spindles 
and  twenty  thousand  cotton-spindles,  driven  by  a  turbine 
wheel  with  a  diameter  of  eight  feet  and  of  five  hundred 
horse-powers.  The  mill  employs  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  males  and  seven  hundred  females  and  makes  two  hun 
dred  thousand  yards  of  worsted  goods  a  week. 

Number  three  mill  is  situated  in  the  northwest  corner 
of  the  yard  upon  the  river-bank.  It  is  five  hundred  and 
eighty-seven  feet  long,  forty-two  feet  wide  for  one  half  of 
the  way  and  thirty-six  feet  wide  for  the  other  half.  It  is 
three  stories  high  and  is  used  for  storage.  At  the  lower 
end,  between  this  mill  and  number  one  mill,  is  a  waste- 
house  and  wool-picker,  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  long, 
fifty  feet  wide  and  one  story  high  for  the  most  part. 

Number  four  mill  is  a  part  of  the  canal  building  now 
devoted  to  other  purposes,  and  number  five  mill  is  the  west 
wing  of  the  printery,  not  to  be  used  in  future  for  manufac 
turing.  Number  six  mill  is  situated  on  the  river  a  little 
below  number  three  mill.  It  is  one  hundred  and  fifty-three 
feet  long,  sixty  feet  wide  on  an  average,  and  five  stories 
high.  The  lower  story  is  used  by  the  printing  department 
as  a  place  in  which  to  cleanse  worsted  goods.  It  contains 
six  hundred  of  the  looms  mentioned  as  in  number  two  mill, 
they  being  operated  in  connection  with  each  other.  There 
is  a  boiler-house  east  of  it,  eighty  feet  in  length  and  thirty 
in  width,  three  stories  high  the  greater  part  of  the  way, 
which  contains  a  Corliss  nest  boiler  of  three  hundred  and 
twenty-five  horse-powers. 

Between  the  boiler-house  and  the  picker-house  of  num 
ber  two  mill  are  a  store-room  for  oils  and  paints,  thirty  feet 
long,  fifteen  feet  wide  and  one  story  high,  and  a  store-room 
and  room  for  washing  wools,  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet 
long,  forty-six  feet  wide  and  one  story  high.  Between 
number  three  and  number  six  mills  is  an  irregular  one- 


300  MANCHESTER. 

story  building,  of  an  average  length  of  one  hundred  and 
forty  feet  and  an  average  width  of  forty-three,  used  as  a 
dye-house  for  cottons  and  wools.  In  front  of  this  is  a  one- 
story  building,  two  hundred  and  twenty-seven  feet  long 
and  seventy-two  feet  wide,  used  as  a  dye-house,  where  the 
"fancy-colored"  goods  are  dyed.  On  the  south  side  of 
Granite  street  and  east  of  the  canal  is  a  store-house,  one 
hundred  and  sixty  feet  long  and  one  hundred  and  ninety- 
two  feet  wide,  which  for  a  width  of  one  hundred  and  ten  feet 
is  occupied  by  the  manufacturing  department  for  storage. 
The  canal  building  is  eleven  hundred  and  twenty-seven  feet 
long  and  thirty  wide,  being  occupied  for  eight  hundred  and 
fifty-five  feet  of  its  length  by  the  offices,  store-rooms,  cloth- 
rooms,  harness-rooms  and  repair-shops  of  the  manufactur 
ing  department. 

There  are  four  mills  in  operation,  which  have  ten  thou 
sand  worsted-spindles  and  sixty-five  thousand  cotton-spin- 
dies  and  twenty-one  hundred  looms,  driven  by  three  water- 
wheels  with  an  aggregate  of  fifteen  hundred  horse-powers. 
They  give  employment  to  four  hundred  and  seventy-five 
males  and  ten  hundred  and  twenty-five  females,  make  four 
hundred  thousand  yards  a  week,  or  seventy  thousand  yards 
a  day,  of  print-cloths  and  worsted  dress-goods,  and  have  a 
pay-roll  of  forty-five  thousand  dollars.  There  are  con 
sumed  annually  in  the  mills  three  million  pounds  of  cot 
ton,  two  million  pounds  of  wool,  three  thousand  tons  of 
coal,  forty  tons  of  starch,  ten  thousand  gallons  of  oil  and 
seven  million  cubic  feet  of  gas. 

The  printing  department  occupies  three  and  two-fifths 
acres  of  the  mill-yard  and  some  of  its  buildings  stand  on 
the  land  south  of  Granite  street.  The  first  printery  was 
built  in  1845,  but  was  burned  in  1853,  when  another  took 
its  place.  The  present  printery  is  composed  of  a  centre 
and  east  and  west  wings.  The  centre  is  one  hundred  and 
fifty-nine  feet  long  by  sixty -five  feet  wide,  three  stories  in 


THE  MANCHESTER  MILLS.  301 

height,  fire-proof,  with  iron  beams  and  masonry  floors. 
The  first  floor  is  a  large  printing-room  in  which  the  fifteen 
printing-machines  are  located.  The  second  floor  is  used 
for  finishing  and  packing  prints  and  the  third  floor  for 
steaming.  The  east  wing  is  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
feet  in  length  by  fifty-three  in  width  and  four  stories  in 
height.  In  a  part  of  the  first  story  is  located  a  turbine 
wheel  and  the  remaining  space  is  used  for  storage.  In  the 
second  story  is  the  engraving-room  and  rooms  for  pressing 
and  packing  worsted  goods.  The  third  and  fourth  stories 
are  used  for  "aging"  prints  or  keeping  them  till  the 
colors  become  "  fast."  The  west  wing  is  two  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  in  length,  one  hundred  and  six  feet  wide  at  the 
northern  end,  sixty-six  feet  wide  at  the  southern  end,  and 
three  stories  high.  In  the  first  story  prints  are  washed  and 
dried  ;  the  second  is  a  cloth-room  ;  and  the  third  is  used 
for  aging  prints. 

The  color-shop,  in  which  are  made  the  colors  for  print 
ing,  is  a  one-story  building  next  to  Granite  street,  one  hun 
dred  and  thirty -five  feet  in  length,  forty-two  feet  wide  at 
the  east  end  and  sixty-four  feet  wide  at  the  west  end.  The 
madder  dye-house,  where  print-cloths  are  dyed,  is  on  the 
river-bank  just  north  of  the  west  wing  of  the  printery.  It 
is  a  one-story  building,  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  feet 
long,  eighty-eight  feet  wide  for  about  one-half  of  the  way 
and  sixty  feet  wide  for  the  rest.  The  bleachery,  for  bleach 
ing  print-cloths,  is  one  hundred  feet  long,  eighty-nine  feet 
wide  and  one  story  high.  The  fancy  dyeing-house,  where 
worsted  goods  are  dyed,  is  ninety-two  feet  long,  fifty-four 
feet  wide  and  one  story  high.  The  boiler-house  is  an  iron- 
roofed,  one-story  building,  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in 
length  by  fifty-four  feet  in  width.  It  contains  twenty-two 
tubular  boilers  and  three  upright  Corliss  boilers.  Two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  in  length  of  the  canal  build 
ing  at  its  lower  end  are  occupied  by  offices,  repair-shops  and 


802  MANCHESTER. 

store-rooms  for  the  print-works.  On  the  south  side  of 
Granite  street  are  the  laboratory  buildings  in  which  are 
made  the  chemicals  for  use  in  the  various  departments  of 
the  works.  The  print-works  occupy  eighty-two  feet  in 
width  of  the  store-house  on  the  south  side  of  Granite  street 
and  east  of  the  canal. 

The  printing  department  employs  six  hundred  operatives 
and  has  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  twenty-live  thousand  dollars. 
It  prints  seven  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  yards  of 
print-cloth  a  week  and  dyes  two  hundred  thousand  yards  of 
worsted  goods.  About  one-third  of  the  cloth  is  made  in 
the  mills  ;  the  rest  is  bought  outside.  It  consumes  an 
nually  ten  thousand  tons  of  coal,  twelve  hundred  cords 
of  wood  and  three  million  cubic  feet  of  gas,  and  uses  ten 
thousand  dollars'  worth  of  drugs  a  week. 

THE    LANGDON    MILLS. 

A  company  by  the  name  of  the  Langdon  Mills  was  in 
corporated  in  1846  and  again  in  1853,  but  the  last  charter 
was  granted  June  27,  1857,  in  which  Daniel  Clark,  John  S. 
Kidder,  Jacob  G.  Cilley  and  Adam  Chandler  were  named 
as  grantees,  and  the  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  It  was  not,  however,  till  1860  that  the 
corporation  was  organized,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held  in 
April  of  that  year,  when  Charles  L.  Richardson  was  chosen 
proprietors'  clerk.  At  the  next  meeting  Gardner  Brewer 
was  chosen  president ;  Gardner  Brewer,  William  Amory, 
John  R.  Brewer,  Henry  B.  Rogers  and  John  A.  Burnham, 
directors  ;  William  Amory,  jr.,  treasurer  ;  William  L.  Kil- 
ley,  clerk.  Mr.  Killey  was  appointed  agent,  and  his  son, 
William  E.  Killey,  paymaster.  The  latter  was  succeeded 
in  April,  1866,  by  another  son,  Walter  S.  Killey,  the  pres 
ent  paymaster.  The  selling  agents  are  Gardner  Brewer  & 
Company  of  Boston.  There  was  no  change  in  the  officers 


THE  LANGDON  MILLS.  303 

till  the  death  of  Mr.  Brewer  in  1874,  when  E.  A.  Straw 
succeeded  him  as  director,  and  William  Amory,  who  had 
been  president  during  Mr.  Brewer's  absence  in  Europe,  was 
elected  to  that  position.  The  capital  was  increased  in 
1861  to  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  and 
in  1868  to  five  hundred  thousand.  The  shares  have  a  par 
value  of  a  thousand  dollars  each  and  are  rarely  sold,  the 
last  that  were  disposed  of  bringing  fourteen  hundred  and 
fifty-two  dollars. 

The  corporation's  land  includes  a  lot  six  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  long  and  two  hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide,  bound 
ed  by  Elm,  Langdon,  Canal  and  Brook  streets,  upon  which 
stand  the  agent's  house,  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Lang- 
don  streets,  one  overseers'  block  and  two  boarding-house 
blocks.  The  Langdon  buildings  form  the  northern  limit  of 
the  cotton-mills  on  the  upper  canal.  The  mill-yard  has  a 
length  of  six  hundred  and  eighty-three  feet  upon  the  canal 
and  is  two  hundred  feet  deep.  The  building  farthest 
north  is  used  as  a  store-house,  is  one  story  in  height,  two 
hundred  and  ninety  feet  in  length  and  thirty  feet  in  width. 
The  counting-room  building,  on  the  left  to  one  entering  the 
yard,  is  fifty-six  feet  long,  thirty  wide,  two  stories  high  and 
is  occupied  by  offices.  Adjoining  it  on  the  south  is  the 
cloth-room  building,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  feet  long, 
thirty  feet  wide,  and  a  story  and  a  half  high.  Number  one 
mill  is  two  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  fifty  feet  wide 
and  five  stories  high,  with  a  picker-house,  sixty-four  feet  in 
length  by  thirty  in  width  and  three  stories  high,  at  its 
south  end.  This  mill  was  built  and  owned  by  the  Blodget 
Paper  Company,  which  was  chartered  in  1853  for  the  man 
ufacture  of  wall-paper.  The  mill  and  part  of  the  present 
store-house  were  standing,  when,  upon  the  suspension  of 
the  paper  company,  the  property  was  sold  at  auction  and 
passed  into  the  possession,  successively,  of  Gardner  Brewer 
&  Company,  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  and  the 


304  MANCHESTER. 

Langdon  Mills.  In  this  mill  sixty  males  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  iemales  find  employment,  and  its  fifteen  thousand 
spindles  and  three  hundred  looms,  driven  by  a  turbine 
wheel  of  two  hundred  horse-powers,  make  forty-five  thou 
sand  yards  a  week  of  fine  sheetings,  shirtings  and  silesias. 

Number  two  mill,  situated  at  the  south  of  number  one, 
was  built  in  1868,  two  hundred  and  eighty-four  feet  long, 
sixty-six  feet  wide,  and  four  stories  high,  with  a  three- 
story  picker-house  at  its  northern  end,  sixty-three  feet  in 
length  by  fifty  in  width,  two  stories  of  which  are  used  for 
a  store-room  and  repair-shop.  In  it  are  employed  seventy 
males  and  one  hundred  and  eighty  females.  It  contains 
eighteen  thousand  and  forty-eight  spindles  and  four  hun 
dred  looms,  which  are  driven  by  a  turbine  wheel  of  three 
hundred  horse-powers,  and  which  make  fifty  thousand  yards 
a  week  of  the  well-known  "  Langdon  G.  B."  sheetings. 

The  mills  are  heated  from  a  boiler-house  in  their  rear, 
sixty  feet  long  and  twenty-five  wide,  which  contains  two 
boilers  of  a  hundred  horse-powers  each,  and  part  of  which 
is  used  for  a  blacksmith-shop.  The  buildings  are  well 
provided  with  sprinklers,  hose,  hydrants  and  fire-escapes. 
The  mills  contain  thirty-three  thousand  and  fifty-six  spin 
dles  and  seven  hundred  and  four  looms,  which  produce 
daily  sixteen  thousand  yards  of  sheetings,  shirtings  and 
silesias.  They  employ  five  hundred  operatives,  with  a 
monthly  pay-roll  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars ;  lease  eight 
mill-powers  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  ;  and  use  annually 
three  thousand  bales  of  cotton,  a  thousand  cords  of  wood, 
two  thousand  gallons  of  oil,  fifty  thousand  pounds  of  starch, 
and  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  cubic  feet  of  gas. 

THE   NAMASKE   MILLS. 

This  corporation  was  organized  in  1856  as  the  Amos 
keag  Duck  and  Bag  Mills,  but  ten  years  later  its  name 


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THE  NAMASKE  MILLS.  805 

was  changed  by  act  of  the  legislature  to  that  of  Namaske 
Mills.  It  had  a  capital  of  sixty-eight  thousand  dollars. 
When  it  was  organized,  Nathaniel  Webster  was  the  presi 
dent  and  agent ;  E.  A.  Straw,  treasurer  ;  and  William  B. 
Webster,  clerk.  In  1864  Mr.  Straw  became  both  presi 
dent  and  treasurer,  and  William  B.  Webster  both  agent 
and  clerk.  The  stock  then  passed  wholly  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Straw.  It  owned  five  acres  of  land  and  one  mill 
built  in  1856  and  set  in  operation  the  next  year,  situated  at 
the  southern  extremity  of  the  lower  canal.  The  property, 
with  the  exception  of  the  woolen  machinery,  was  sold  in 
February,  1875,  co  the  Arnoskeag  Company. 

The  mill  was  built  with  the  intention  of  making  bags 
and  duck  cloth,  but  since  the  war  it  has  produced  a  differ 
ent  class  of  goods,  making  annually  one  million  five  hund 
red  thousand  yards  of  ginghams  and  one-third  as  many 
yards  of  shirting  flannels.  It  uses  two  mill-powers,  has 
one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  looms,  six  thousand  and 
thirty-six  cotton-spindles,  sixteen  hundred  woolen-spindles 
and  five  sets  of  woolen-cards,  makes  six  thousand  yards  of 
cloth  a  day,  employs  one  hundred  and  sixty  operatives  and 
has  a  pay-roll  of  six  thousand  dollars  a  month.  It  uses 
annually  six  hundred  tons  of  coal,  two  hundred  thousand 
pounds  of  wool,  three  hundred  and  fifteen  thousand  pounds 
of  cotton,  a  thousand  gallons  of  oil,  twenty-four  thousand 
pounds  of  starch,  ten  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  coloring 
matter  and  six  hundred  thousand  cubic  feet  of  gas. 

THE    DERRY    MILLS. 

This  corporation  was  organized  in  1865,  with  a  capital 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Waterman  Smith  was 
chosen  president ;  Waterman  Smith,  Samuel  R.  Payson 
and  Gilbert  R.  Payson,  directors;  Josiah  S.  Shannon, 
treasurer  and  proprietors'  clerk.  Mr.  Smith  was  succeeded 


306  MANCHESTER. 

as  president  in  1870  by  S.  R.  Payson,  and  in  1871  as 
director  by  George  Mixter.  The  pay-master  is  Harrison 
Spooner.  The  first  agent  was  W.  B.  Underbill,  who  was 
succeeded,  in  1870,  by  George  Mixter,  and  be  in  1874  by 
the  present  agent,  George  P.  Lincoln. 

The  mills,  whicb  bave  now  passed  into  the  hands  of 
S.  R.  Payson,  are  tbree  in  number,  and  are  situated  upon 
Cobas  brook  at  Goffe's  Falls.  There  are  tbree  dams,  with 
a  fall  of  fifteen,  thirteen  and  nine  feet  respectively,  amount 
ing  to  one  hundred  and  fifteen  horse-powers  in  all.  The 
mills  contain  about  thirty-five  hundred  spindles  and  a  few 
looms,  and  gave  employment  in  1873  to  one  hundred  and 
sixty  operatives.  The  average  weekly  production  is  fifteen 
thousand  yards  of  cassimere,  two  hundred  dozen  stockings 
and  four  thousand  pounds  of  shoddy,  with  a  daily  con 
sumption  of  five  hundred  pounds  of  wool. 

THE    MANCHESTER    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 

These  works  were  started  in  1853  as  a  private  enterprise 
by  several  individuals  under  the  name  of  Bayley,  Blood 
and  Company  and  were  called  the  Vulcan  Works.  In 
1854  the  company  obtained  a  charter  and  became  a  corpor 
ation,  called  the  Manchester  Locomotive  Works,  which  has 
a  present  capital  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 
The  manufacture  of  locomotive  engines  was  begun  in  the 
fall  of  1854,  shops  of  brick  having  been  erected  in  the 
spring  and  summer  of  that  year,  with  a  capacity  of  turning 
out  twenty  locomotives  annually.  But  the  business  steadily 
increased  and  at  the  present  time  the  works  are  capable  of 
making  fourteen  locomotives  a  month,  and,  when  in  full 
operation,  give  employment  to  seven  hundred  men  and 
have  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  thirty  thousand  dollars. 

The  shops  are  situated  on  Canal  street  between  Hollis 
and  Dean  streets  and  occupy  five  acres,  besides  an  iron- 


THE  MANCHESTER  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS.  807 

foundry  and  an  acre  of  land  at  the  lower  end  of  Elm  street, 
which  were  acquired  by  purchase  of  the  Manchester 
Iron  Company  in  1865  when  that  passed  out  of  existence. 
The  machine-shop  is  a  substantial  building,  parallel  with 
Canal  street,  two  stories  in  height,  four  hundred  feet  in 
length  and  eighty-four  in  width.  The  wood-shop  is  also  a 
two-story  building,  one  hundred  feet  long  and  forty  feet 
wide;  the  blacksmith-shop  is  three  hundred  and  thirty  feet 
long  and  fifty  feet  wide  ;  the  boiler-shop,  two  hundred  and 
five  feet  long  and  fifty-two  feet  wide.  A  new  building  has 
been  erected  the  past  year  which  is  used  for  making  loco 
motive-tanks.  This,  like  all  the  others,  is  made  of  brick, 
and  is  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet  in  length  by  thirty-six 
in  width. 

All  the  iron  castings,  of  which  three  million  five  hund 
red  thousand  pounds  were  used  in  1873,  are  made  at  the 
company's  iron-foundry  at  the  foot  of  Elm  street.  One 
million  eight  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  boiler-plates  are 
used  yearly,  forty-five  hundred  tons  of  coal  and  a  thousand 
cords  of  wood  ;  and  there  are  made  two  hundred  thousand 
pounds  of  brass  castings  and  two  million  five  hundred 
thousand  pounds  of  forgings,  yearly.  The  company  manu 
factures  all  the  heavy  forgings,  frames,  axles,  etc.,  which  it 
uses;  and,  indeed,  every  part  of  a  locomotive  but  the  boiler 
and  tank  iron  and  a  few  minor  parts  is  made  at  the  works. 
Two  furnaces  are  constantly  in  operation,  making  the  best 
of  iron  from  scrap,  most  of  which  accumulates  at  the  works. 
The  company  has  turned  out  seven  hundred  and  eighty-six 
engines,  which  have  been  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  to  South  America  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
John  A.  Burnham,  of  Boston,  is  president  of  the  company  ; 
William  G-.  Means,  of  Andover,  is  treasurer.  The  first 
agent  was  Oliver  W.  Bayley,  who  was  succeeded  in  1857  by 
the  present  agent,  Aretas  Blood,  who  resides  in  Manches 
ter  and  has  the  personal  superintendence  and  immediate 
management  of  the  business. 


308  MANCHESTER. 

AMOSKEAG    AXE    COMPANY. 

The  Blodget  Edge  Tool  Manufacturing  Company  was  in 
corporated  in  1853,  began  the  erection  of  buildings  at  the 
northern  end  of  the  upper  canal  in  1854  and  was  regularly 
organized  January  7,  1855,  by  the  election  of  B.  A.  Straw 
as  president ;  E.  A.  Straw,  Moody  Currier,  David  J.  Clark, 
Cyrus  W.  Baldwin  and  Phinehas  Adams,  directors  ;  Jacob 
G.  Cilley,  clerk  and  treasurer.  In  1857  the  latter  was  suc 
ceeded  by  James  A.  Weston.  In  1858  E.  A.  Straw,  Amos 
G.  Gale,  T.  W.  Little,  Joseph  A.  Haines  and  Cyrus  W. 
Baldwin  were  chosen  directors.  In  1859  Moody  Currier 
succeeded  Mr.  Baldwin  as  a  director  and  T.  W.  Little 
became  clerk  and  treasurer  in  Mr.  Weston's  place.  In 
1861  George  B.  Chandler  succeeded  Mr.  Gale  as  a  director. 

In  1862  a  new  corporation  was  chartered,  called  the 
Amoskeag  Axe  Company,  which  bought  the  property  of  the 
former  company  and  was  organized  August  14,  1862. 
Moody  Currier  was  chosen  president ;  E.  A.  Straw,  Moody 
Currier,  Thomas  P.  Shaddick,  T.  W.  Little,  Henry  C. 
Reynolds,  directors ;  T.  VV.  Little,  clerk  and  treasurer. 
These  were  all  re-elected  in  1863,  but  upon  the  death  of 
Mr.  Little  in  that  year,  Moody  Currier  was  chosen  treasurer 
in  his  stead  and  Henry  C.  Reynolds  clerk.  The  latter 
was  also  made  agent,  the  offices  of  clerk,  treasurer  and 
agent  having  hitherto  been  combined  in  one.  The  only 
changes  since  have  been  the  election  in  1866  of  George  B. 
Chandler  as  a  director  to  succeed  Mr.  Shaddick,  and  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Haines.  The  capital  stock  is  seventy 
thousand  dollars,  owned  by  the  officers  of  the  company. 
The  company  employs  sixty  men  and  makes  yearly  one 
hundred  and  forty-four  thousand  tools — axes,  hatchets  and 
picks — of  the  best  imported  steel,  which  bring  about  a  hun 
dred  and  forty  thousand  dollars. 


THE  MANCHESTER  GAS-LIGHT  COMPANY.  309 

THE  MANCHESTER  GAS-LIGHT  COMPANY. 

A  corporation  by  the  name  of  the  Manchester  Gas- 
Light  Company  was  originally  chartered  in  1846  with  a 
capital  of  three  hundred  thousand  dollars,  but  the  company 
was  not  formed  till  after  the  granting  of  another  charter, 
July  10,  1850,  fixing  the  maximum  capital  at  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  The  first  meeting  of  the 
grantees  was  held  at  the  Manchester  House,  February  10, 
1851,  when  there  were  present  David  A.  Bunton,  Jonathan 
T.  P.  Hunt,  Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  William  G.  Means,  David 
Gillis,  Samuel  P.  Greeley,  Herman  Foster,  Robert  Read 
and  John  S.  Kidder.  Robert  Read  was  chairman  of  the 
meeting,  and  William  G.  Means,  clerk.  The  capital  stock 
was  fixed  at  sixty  thousand  dollars  in  shares  of  one  hundred 
dollars  each. 

At  the  next  meeting,  February  22,  Robert  Read,  E.  A. 
Straw,  David  Gillis,  William  P.  Newell  and  Jolm  S.  Kid- 
der  were  chosen  directors,  and  at  a  directors'  meeting 
Robert  Read  was  chosen  president,  and  Herman  Foster 
clerk.  The  next  year  the  capital  was  increased  to  seventy- 
five  thousand  dollars,  and  in  April  Herman  Foster  was 
chosen  treasurer,  and  Jonathan  T.  P.  Hunt  agent.  In 
1853  all  the  officers  were  re-elected  and  the  capital  was 
increased  to  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  remaining  un 
altered  till  the  present.  There  was  no  change  in  the  offi 
cers  till  1856,  when  E.  A.  Straw  was  chosen  president  to 
succeed  Robert  Read,  and  the  next  year  in  place  of  the 
latter  William  Amory  was  elected  director.  He,  however, 
declined  to  serve,  and  the  next  year  William  Amory,  jr., 
was  chosen  in  his  stead. 

In  1861  Benjamin  F.  Martin  was  elected  a  director  in 
place  of  David  Gillis,  and  in  1862  Moody  Currier  in  place 
of  John  S.  Kidder.  In  1865  William  Amory,  jr.,  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Nathan  Parker.  J.  T.  P.  Hunt,  the  agent,  died, 


310  MANCHESTER. 

February  23,  1865,  and  Charles  F.  Warren,  the  present 
agent,  was  appointed  in  April  of  that  year.  In  1869 
Waterman  Smith  was  elected  a  director  in  place  of  Wil 
liam  P.  Newell,  and  was  himself  succeeded  in  1873  by 
Phinehas  Adams.  Mr.  Foster  was  clerk  and  treasurer  till 
his  death  in  the  spring  of  1875.  Charles  E.  Balch  was 
elected,  February  24,  1875,  as  treasurer,  and  Lucien  B. 
dough  was  chosen  clerk  pro  tern. 

The  works  are  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city, 
on  the  western  side  of  Elm  street,  near  the  Manchester 
and  Lawrence  railway,  on  a  lot  of  land  four  hundred  feet 
square.  The  first  building  was  begun  in  1852.  The  com 
pany  has  laid  twenty-three  miles  of  pipe,  from  two  to  four 
teen  inches  in  diameter,  which  interlace  the  compact  part 
of  the  city,  extending  to  Piscataquog  village,  to  the  north 
ern  end  of  Elm  street,  to  Bakersville  and  on  the  east  to 
Wilson  hill.  The  company  can  furnish  now  three  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  cubic  feet  of  gas  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  will  be  able,  when  contemplated  improvements  are 
made,  to  increase  this  amount  to  seven  or  eight  hundred 
thousand  cubic  feet.  It  uses  annually  over  six  thousand 
tons  of  coal  and  makes  over  fifty  million  cubic  feet  of  gas, 
of  which  the  mills  use  about  three-fifths  and  individuals  the 
rest,  though  the  city  in  its  corporate  capacity  consumes,  for 
ordinary  use  and  for  its  two  hundred  and  fifty  street-lamps, 
one  million  six  hundred  thousand  cubic  feet,  at  a  cost  of  one 
cent  an  hour  for  every  burner.  The  cost  of  the  gas  to  in 
dividuals  is  two  dollars  and  seventy  cents  a  thousand  feet ; 
to  those  who  consume  ten  thousand  feet  a  month,  two  dol 
lars  and  a  half.  The  corporations  obtain  it  for  two  dollars 
and  twenty  cents  a  thousand  feet,  by  contract.  The  aver 
age  price  is  thus  about  two  dollars  and  forty-one  cents. 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTURERS.  311 

SUMMARY. 

The  corporations  in  the  city  employ  about  nine  thousand 
persons  and  have  a  monthly  pay-roll  of  about  three  hun 
dred  and  eleven  thousand  dollars.  They  use  every  year 
twenty-six  thousand  one  hundred  tons  of  coal,  eight  thou 
sand  cords  of  wood  and  about  thirty  million  feet  of  gas. 
The  mills  have  about  three  hundred  thousand  spindles  and 
eight  thousand  looms,  and  make  one  hundred  and  forty- 
three  miles  of  cloth  a  day.  The  Manchester  Locomotive 
Works  can  turn  out  fourteen  locomotives  a  month  and  the 
Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  fifty  steam  fire-engines 
a  year. 

MISCELLANEOUS    MANUFACTURERS. 

There  have  been  given  thus  far  sketches  of  the  incor 
porated  manufacturing  companies  in  Manchester.  The 
manufacturing  of  the  city,  however,  is  not  entirely  included 
in  these,  but  quite  a  large  fraction  is  contributed  to  the 
whole  sum  by  individuals  and  firms  in  different  parts  of 
the  city,  generally  situated  on  either  the  northern  or  the 
southern  edge  of  its  compact  portion .  Besides  selling 
mill-sites  and  leasing  mill-powers  to  other  corporations, 
the  Amoskeag  Company  erected  near  the  northern  limit  of 
the  lower  canal  a  long  building  called  "  Mechanics'  Row," 
and  leased  it  in  sections  to  manufacturers  of  miscellaneous 
goods,  furnishing  them  with  water-power.  Though  very  few 
of  the  original  tenants  hold  their  leases,  the  different  kinds 
of  business  now  carried  on  there  are  not  much  unlike  those 
which  were  started  twenty-five  years  ago.  Of  late  the 
southern  part  of  the  city,  near  the  railway  station,  where 
some  of  the  heavier  manufacturing  was  begun  about  the 
time  when  Mechanics'  Row  was  settled,  has  proved  more 
attractive  to  manufacturers  on  account  of  the  larger  space 
it  atfords  and  its  proximity  to  the  railways.  Steam-power 
is  used  exclusively  there. 


312  MANCHESTER. 

The  pioneer  of  Mechanics'  Row  is  Benjamin  S.  Stokes, 
who  started  the  Granite  File  Works  there  in  1851.  He 
employs  fourteen  men  and  uses  ten  tons  of  steel  in  making 
three  thousand  dozen  files  a  year. 

John  A.  V.  Smith  succeeded  in  1870  to  the  control  of  a 
business  which  was  begun  when  the  Row  was  peopled.  He 
employs  twelve  men  and  uses  four  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  stock  in  making  six  thousand  fliers  a  year. 

Yeaton  &  Company  (Elizabeth  Yeaton,  Albinus  Phil- 
brick)  have  been  a  long  time  in  business  in  the  Row  and 
make  fifteen  thousand  dollars'  worth  yearly  of  power-loom 
harness,  employing  fourteen  men. 

John  Cleworth  began  business  in  the  Row  in  1852.  He 
keeps  six  hands  at  work  and  makes  fifteen  thousand  reeds 
a  year,  or  twelve  thousand  dollars'  worth,  using  a  pound  of 
steel  to  a  reed. 

Benjamin  H.  Chase  settled  in  the  Row  in  1858,  succeed 
ing  to  a  business  already  established.  He  uses  from  eight 
to  ten  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  stock  a  year,  and  makes 
annually  fifteen  thousand  power-loom  pickers  and  fifteen 
thousand  running  feet  of  leather  belting. 

Hiram  Forsaith  came  to  the  Row  in  1866.  He  employs 
ten  men  in  making  from  ten  to  twelve  thousand  dollars' 
worth  annually  of  machinery. 

The  Manchester  Machine-Card  Factory,  whose  proprie 
tors  are  Bisco  &  Denny  (Dvvight  Bisco,  Joseph  A.  Denny, 
George  Bisco,  Charles  A.  Denny),  was  started  in  the  Row 
in  1857.  They  keep  twenty-one  machines  in  operation  and 
use  annually  nineteen  thousand  square  feet  of  leather  and 
as  many  pounds  of  wire  in  the  manufacture  of  machine-card 
clothing. 

James  Baldwin  &  Company,  who  came  to  the  Row  in 
1859,  employ  fifty  men  and  use  from  three  hundred  to  five 
hundred  thousand  feet  of  lumber  a  year.  They  turn  out 
fifty  thousand  bobbins  a  week,  besides  shuttles  and  wooden 
wares,  or  fifty  thousand  dollars'  worth  a  year. 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTURERS.  313 

William  W.  Hubbard  came  to  the  Row  in  1860.  He 
employs  thirty  men  and  uses  five  hundred  thousand  feet  of 
lumber  in  the  manufacture  of  forty  thousand  dollars'  worth 
annually  of  doors,  sashes,  blinds,  moldings,  etc. 

Piper  &  Reynolds  (Benjamin  H.  Piper,  Henry  C.  Rey 
nolds)  began  business  in  the  Row  in  1867.  They  employ 
nine  men  and  use  yearly  two  hundred  cords  of  walnut  and 
oak  in  the  manufacture  of  thirty-five  thousand  spokes,  forty 
thousand  axe-handles,  and  thirty-five  thousand  hatchet-  and 
hammer-handles. 

Charles  B.  Bradley  succeeded  in  1870  to  a  business 
which  was  started  in  1859  and  left  him  by  his  father.  He 
employs  five  hands  and  uses  from  eighty  to  a  hundred 
dozen  calf-skins,  from  four  hundred  to  five  hundred  dozen 
lamb-skins  and  from  a  thousand  to  fourteen  hundred  yards 
of  cloth  of  all  kinds,  in  covering  from  one  hundred  and 
fifty  to  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  rolls  a  year. 

John  Brugger  &  Son  (Sebastian  Christophe)  employ 
from  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and  fifty 
persons  in  their  hosiery-mill  at  Mechanics'  Row,  besides  a 
large  number  of  others  who  do  their  work  by  hand  and  at 
their  homes  in  the  city  and  vicinity.  The  annual  produc 
tion  is  eighty  thousand  dozen  pairs  of  stockings.  The  firm 
have  recently  bought  a  mill  and  water-privilege  at  Goffs- 
town,  but  have  not  yet  occupied  the  place. 

A.  P.  Olzendam  occupies  a  hosiery-mill  at  Mechanics' 
Row,  one  hundred  feet  long  and  thirty  wide,  three  stories 
high,  and  the  Amoskeag  Company  built  for  him  the  past 
year  an  addition,  one  hundred  feet  long,  forty-two  feet  wide 
and  three  stones  high  with  a  basement.  He  employs  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  operatives  in  the  mills  and  several 
thousand  seamers  and  knitters  outside.  He  has  recently 
added  fifty  fancy  hand-looms  to  his  machinery,  and,  when 
it  is  all  in  operation,  will  make  eighty  thousand  dozen  pairs 
of  stockings  a  year,  using  six  or  seven  hundred  pounds  of 

20 


314  MANCHESTER. 

wool  a  week.     He  makes  also  all  the  paper  boxes  used  in 
packing  his  goods. 

Horace  and  Holmes  R.  Pettee  occupy  a  grist-mill  in  Me 
chanics'  Row  and  grind  annually  seventy-five  thousand 
bushels  of  corn  for  their  wholesale  trade  and  twenty 
thousand  bushels  of  various  grains  for  customers. 

John  B.  McCrillis  &  Son  (John  A.  McCrillis),  who  have 
a  shop  in  Mechanics'  Row  in  addition  to  their  manufactory 
in  Janesville,  are  the  proprietors  of  a  business  which  has 
been  twenty-five  years  established.  They  employ  forty 
men  and  make  annually  two  hundred  and  fifty  carriages 
and  twenty-five  sleighs.  They  have  repositories  in  north 
ern  New  York  and  in  Michigan. 

These  include  all  the  tenants  of  Mechanics'  Row.  In 
the  upper  part  of  the  city,  however,  is  located  the  carriage 
manufactory  of  Alden  W.  Sanborn,  who  employs  twenty- 
five  hands  and  makes  a  hundred  carriages  yearly,  some  of 
which  are  sent  to  California  and  Australia.  He  has  been 
in  business  in  Manchester  twenty-five  years,  seven  of  them 
in  his  present  location. 

Orrin  E.  Kimball,  also  located  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  city  but  owning  a  tannery  in  Bakersville,  employs 
twenty-five  men  in  making  skins  for  roll-covering,  nearly 
three  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  a  year.  He  tans 
fifty  thousand  sheep-skins  and  ten  thousand  calf-skins 
yearly,  besides  finishing  over  a  hundred  thousand  skins 
which  are  sent  from  other  tanneries  and  pulling  two 
hundred  thousand  pounds  of  wool. 

The  Amoskeag  Paper-Mill  was  first  started  in  1853  as 
the  Manchester  Paper-Works,  Benjamin  F.  Martin  &  Com 
pany  (George  W.  Goddard)  being  proprietors,  but  the  lat 
ter  soon  retired,  leaving  Mr.  Martin  the  sole  owner.  He 
sold  it  in  1865  to  Hudson  Keeney,  and  he  in  turn  disposed 
of  it  to  S.  D.  Warren,  of  whom  Col.  Martin  bought  it  in 
1869.  The  latter  sold  it  in  1874  to  John  Hoyt  &  Company 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTURERS.  315 

(W.  J.  Hoyt,  J.  C.  Sawyer).  It  is  located  on  the  upper 
canal  just  above  the  Langdou  Mills,  and  makes  daily  two 
tons  of  print  and  book  paper,  using  four  tons  of  stock  and 
employing  fifty-live  persons. 

The  Uncanoonuc  Paper-Mill,  P.  C.  Cheney  &  Company 
(Person  C.  Cheney,  Elijah  M.  Tubbs)  proprietors,  situated 
on  the  site  of  the  old  cotton-mills  at  Amoskeag  village, 
gives  employment  to  thirty-five  persons  in  the  mill  proper 
and  fifteen  in  the  waste-works.  The  proprietors  make  two 
tons  of  manilla  paper  a  day  and  handle  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  tons  of  waste  a  month. 

Samuel  C.  Forsaith  &  Company  (William  E.  Drew) 
employ  at  their  machine-shop  near  the  foot  of  Franklin 
street  from  fifty  to  sixty  men,  using  annually  from  one 
hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  stock,  including  two  hundred  tons  of  cast  iron, 
seventy-five  tons  of  wrought  iron  and  steel  and  thirty- 
five  thousand  feet  of  lumber.  They  make  bolt-forging 
machines,  newspaper-folding  machines,  power  spring- 
hammers,  etc. 

Albion  H.  Lowell,  in  the  same  locality,  employs  fifty 
men  in  the  manufacture  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars' 
worth  yearly  of  iron  fences,  ornamental  iron  work  and 
castings,  using  from  a  ton  and  a  half  to  two  tons  a  day  of 
cast  iron. 

Joseph  L.  Smith,  near  by,  employs  a  dozen  men  and 
uses  half  a  million  feet  of  lumber  a  year,  turning  three- 
fourths  of  it  into  boxes  and  the  rest  into  matched  and 
planed  boards,  etc. 

The  Manchester  Shoe  and  Leather  Company,  whose  shop 
is  located  in  the  same  part  of  the  city,  was  organized  in 
July,  1872.  Andrew  C.  Wallace  is  its  president;  Daniel 
W.  Lane,  treasurer ;  and  S.  A.  Felton,  agent.  It  uses 
annually  fifteen  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  sole-leather  and 
twenty  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  upper-leather,  seventy- 


316  MANCHESTER. 

five  thousand  feet  in.  all.  It  employs  from  fifty  to  sixty 
persons  and  manufactures  annually  sixty  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  shoes  or  fifty  thousand  pairs.  The  company  also 
manufactures  a  water-proof  dressing  for  boots  and  shoes. 

William  Corey  and  Company  (J.  P.  Martin),  near  the 
corner  of  Franklin  and  Auburn  streets,  employ  twenty  per 
sons  in  the  manufacture  of  knitting-needles  and  knitting- 
machines.  They  make  three  thousand  needles  a  day  and 
use  a  pound  of  cast  steel  for  every  five  hundred  needles. 

Josselyn  &  Marston  (L.  H.  Josselyn,  C.  L.  Marston),  in 
the  same  neighborhood,  make  annually  thirty  thousand  fac 
tory  brushes  and  fifty  thousand  boot  and  shoe  brushes. 

J.  8.  Holt  &  Company  (W.  S.  Holt,  H.  C.  Holt),  soap 
manufacturers  on  Amherst  street  in  Towlesville,  carry  on 
a  business  established  by  the  senior  partner  in  1852.  They 
manufacture  by  steam,  employ  five  men  and  make  yearly 
twenty-six  hundred  barrels  of  soft  soap  and  about  twenty- 
five  thousand  pounds  of  hard  soap.  They  also  render  tal 
low  and  deal  in  soap  stock  of  all  kinds. 

David  B.  Varney's  brass-foundry  is  situated  on  Manches 
ter  street,  between  Pine  and  Union,  on  the  site  of  the 
steam-mill  of  Baldwin,  Gould  &  Company,  which  was 
burned  in  1852.  The  business  was  begun  in  1850  by 
Hartshorn  &  Darling ;  in  1857  the  firm  became  Darling  & 
Varney :  and  since  the  death  of  the  senior  partner  in  1868, 
Mr.  Varney  has  managed  the  works  alone.  The  most  im 
portant  part  of  the  work  done  is  the  manufacture  of  orna 
mental  brass  and  copper  mountings  for  locomotives  and 
steam  fire  engines,  between  seven  and  eight  thousand 
pounds  of  composition  castings  being  used  monthly  in  this 
branch  of  the  work  alone.  Among  his  customers  are  the 
Amoskeag  Company,  who  buy  from  him  the  brass  work  on 
their  famous  steam  fire  engines,  and  the  Manchester  Loco 
motive  Works,  besides  railroad  corporations.  Bells  for 
engines  are  also  made  at  the  establishment  and  a  large 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTURERS.  317 

amount  of  general  jobbing  is  done.  Some  parts  of  the 
business  are  carried  on  in  few  places  in  the  country.  Mr. 
Varney  manufactures  one  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  goods  a  year,  employs  twenty-five  men,  melts  from  ten 
to  twelve  thousand  pounds  of  metal  each  month,  and  con 
sumes  annually  from  seventy-five  to  one  hundred  tons  of 
hard  coal  and  twenty  thousand  bushels  of  charcoal. 

John  B.  Chase  &  Company,  leather-dressers  at  the  lower 
end  of  Elm  street,  employ  three  men  in  finishing  thirty 
thousand  skins,  or  twenty  thousand  dollars'  worth,  a  year. 

Jeremiah  Hodge,  who  was  located  for  some  years  in  Me 
chanics'  Row  but  has  recently  removed  to  the  foot  of  Elm 
street  where  he  has  built  a  large  block,  uses  half  a  million 
feet  of  lumber  yearly  in  the  manufacture  of  doors,  window- 
frames,  moldings,  etc. 

Arthur  Dinsmore  &  Company,  located  in  Hodge's  build 
ing,  employ  thirty  men  and  use  two  million  feet  of  lumber 
a  year,  turning  about  half  into  boxes  and  the  rest  into 
matched  and  planed  boards  and  building  lumber  of  all 
kinds.  They  make  from  the  log  at  their  saw-mill  near 
Massabesic  lake  six  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  feet  of 
lumber  yearly,  and  cut  half  a  million  feet  at  their  steam- 
mill  in  Newbury,  N.  H. 

Andrew  C.  Wallace  employs  thirty-five  men  in  a  planing- 
mill,  saw-mill  and  box-shop,  in  a  building  at  the  foot  of 
Elm  street  on  Cemetery  brook,  which  he  bought  in  1875  of 
Thomas  R.  Hubbard.  He  makes  yearly  one  million  five 
hundred  thousand  feet  of  lumber  into  packing-boxes  and 
sells  nearly  a  million  feet  of  lumber  besides. 

Thomas  R.  Hubbard,  in  A.  C.  Wallace's  building,  em 
ploys  forty  men  in  the  manufacture  of  machinery  and  knit 
ting-needles,  and  operates  a  grist-mill,  with  a  capacity  of 
two  hundred  bushels  a  day,  and  a  cider-mill,  with  a  capac 
ity  of  fifty  barrels  a  day,  both  using  steam-power. 

Ira  Cross,  in  the  same  building,  employs  half  a  dozen 


318  MANCHESTER. 

men,  making  twelve  thousand  bobbin-winders  and  a  hun 
dred  thousand  patent  thumb-screws  yearly. 

Austin,  Johnson  &  Company  (Thomas  Johnson,  Jere 
miah  Austin,  C.  A.  Flint)  began  business  in  this  city  in 
1874  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city,  near  the  Portsmouth 
railway.  They  employ  fifty  men,  use  one  million  five  hun 
dred  thousand  feet  of  lumber  a  year,  and  make  annually 
fifty  thousand  window-sashes,  twenty-five  thousand  blinds, 
seventy-five  hundred  doors  and  as  many  door-frames,  and 
one  million  five  hundred  thousand  feet  of  molding  of  dif 
ferent  widths. 

The  Amoskeag  Brewery  in  Piscataquog  village,  of  which 
Andrew  C.  Wallace  is  the  proprietor,  employs  six  men  and 
brews  yearly  six  thousand  barrels  of  ale,  using  fourteen 
thousand  bushels  of  barley  and  fifteen  thousand  pounds  of 
hops. 

John  S.  Kidder  <fe  Company  (Charles  H.  Hill)  grind  at 
their  steam-mill  on  Granite  street  seventy  thousand  bush 
els  of  corn  annually  and  ten  thousand  bushels  of  all  kinds 
of  grain  for  custom-work. 

Watts  &  Holmes  (Horace  P.  Watts,  William  F.  Holmes) 
grind  at  their  mill  on  Piscataquog  river  seventy-five  thou 
sand  bushels  of  corn  and  about  the  same  amount  of  wheat. 

George  H.  Hubbard  makes  half  a  million  cigars  yearly  ; 
James  B.  Scott  makes  one  hundred  thousand  yearly. 

Thomas  F.  Glancy  makes  annually  one  hundred  and 
thirty  thousand  bottles  of  beer  and  fifty  thousand  bottles 
of  soda ;  Vickery  &  Company,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
thousand  bottles  of  beer ;  F.  L.  Gray,  one  hundred  arid 
fifty  thousand  bottles  of  beer  and  soda. 

Lincoln  &  Porter  (George  F.  Lincoln,  Alfred  Porter) 
employ  half  a  dozen  men  in  a  mill  with  eight  looms  at 
Goffe's  Falls,  in  making  four  hundred  yards  a  day  of  crash 
toweling. 


FORMER  MANUFACTURERS.  319 

FORMER  MANUFACTURERS. 

There  have  been  started,  since  the  cotton-mills  were 
built  on  the  river,  quite  a  number  of  manufacturing  enter 
prises,  of  different  kinds  and  of  more  or  less  importance, 
which  have  come  to  an  untimely  end,  the  source  of  consid 
erable  loss  to  their  originators.  Several  manufacturing 
companies  have  also  been  incorporated,  but  were  never 
organized. 

Of  these  latter  were  the  Manchester  Bleachery,  chartered 
in  1853,  with  men  prominent  in  connection  with  the  Amos- 
keag  Company  named  as  grantees ;  and  the  Manchester 
Bleachery,  chartered  again  in  1856,  neither  of  which  began 
operations.  In  1857  the  Merrimack  Water  Power  Com 
pany  was  incorporated,  with  power  to  buy  the  property  of 
the  Amoskeag  Company,  if  two-thirds  of  the  stockholders 
of  the  latter  would  vote  to  sell,  but  there  was  nothing  done 
about  it.  The  Merrimack  Steam  and  Gas  Pipe  Company 
was  chartered  in  1853,  but  never  did  business. 

Of  the  failures  in  manufacturing,  perhaps  the  most  note 
worthy  was  that  of  the  Blodget  Paper  Company,  which  was 
chartered  in  January,  1853,  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  increased  to  three 
times  that  sum  by  an  act  of  the  June  session  of  the  legisla 
ture  of  that  year.  The  company  was  formed  for  the  man 
ufacture  of  paper-hangings,  occupied  a  mill  on  the  upper 
canal  now  owned  by  the  Langdon  Mills,  and  at  one  time 
employed  one  hundred  and  forty  hands,  used  fourteen  tons 
and  a  half  of  paper  a  week  and  made  eight  thousand  rolls 
of  paper-hangings  a  day.  William  M.  Shaw  was  its  agent, 
and  John  S.  Kidder  its  clerk  and  treasurer.  It  ceased 
operations  after  several  years. 

The  Manchester  Iron  Company,  chartered  in  1853,  began 
operations  in  October  of  that  year  with  a  capital  of  twenty 
thousand  dollars,  occupying  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  pat- 


320  MANCHESTER. 

tern-house  and  engine-house  at  the  lower  end  of  Elm  street, 
the  buildings  now  owned  by  the  Manchester  Locomotive 
Works  and  used  for  the  manufacture  of  castings.  The 
Iron  Company  made  castings  of  all  sorts  and  at  one  time 
employed  sixty  men  and  used  a  thousand  tons  of  coal  an 
nually.  John  B.  Fish  was  then  its  president ;  J.  T.  P. 
Hunt,  its  treasurer  ;  Henry  C.  Merrill,  its  clerk. 

The  Manchester  Machine  Company,  chartered  in  1853, 
began  in  1855  the  manufacture  of  scales  in  part  of  one  of 
the  Iron  Company's  buildings.  Isaac  Riddle  was  president 
of  the  company  ;  Nathan  Parker,  treasurer  ;  J.  C.  Tasker, 
clerk  ;  George  W.  Pinkerton,  agent. 

These  two  companies  were  subsequently  united  under 
the  name  of  the  Manchester  Iron  Company,  Amos  G.  Gale 
becoming  president,  succeeded  later  by  David  A.  Bunton, 
and  Darwin  J.  Daniels  treasurer  and  clerk.  The  company 
lost  money  and  the  buildings  and  land  were  sold,  Decem 
ber  9, 1865,  to  the  Manchester  Locomotive  Works,  for  eight 
thousand  dollars. 

The  Manchester  Car  and  Machine  Works  was  incorpor 
ated  in  1854,  with  a  capital  of  fifty  thousand  dollars.  It 
occupied  a  building  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city  on  the 
line  of  the  Concord  railway,  now  used  as  a  brewery,  and  at 
one  time  employed  forty-five  men.  Hiram  Brown  was  then 
its  president ;  J,  E.  Earle,  its  clerk  ;  Samuel  Shepherd, 
its  treasurer  and  agent.  It  afterwards  assumed  the  name 
of  the  Fulton  Works,  Samuel  C.  Crombie  becoming  its 
agent,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  doors,  sashes 
and  blinds.  The  company  dissolved  after  a  time  and  the 
property  was  bought  by  Col.  Waterman  Smith,  who  moved 
the  building  to  Goffe's  Falls  and  made  it  into  a  mill  and 
afterwards  disposed  of  the  land  to  the  Hon.  E.  A.  Straw, 
who  sold  it  to  Tucker  &  Mathes.  They  built  upon  it  a 
brewery  and  operated  it  for  some  time.  The  property  was 
mortgaged  to  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  and  finally  fell 


(-" 

'•> 


s  *. 


FORMER  MANUFACTURERS.  321 

into  its  hands  and  was  sold,  near  the  close  of  1874,  to 
Dunn,  Harris  &  Company,  who  have  begun  the  business  of 
brewing  in  the  building. 

The  Manchester  Oil-Cloth  Carpet  Factory  was  incorpor 
ated  in  1854,  with  an  authorized  capital  of  sixty  thousand 
dollars,  but  its  operations  were  not  very  extensive. 

The  Belmont  Print-Works  were  situated  on  Cemetery 
brook,  near  Hallsville.  The  mill  was  built  by  the  Hon. 
Frederick  G.  Stark  for  wheelwright  purposes  but  was 
bought  by  Charles  Barne*  in  1850  and  used  for  a  paper- 
hanging  manufactory.  In  1855  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
John  P.  Lord,  who  had  been  manager  at  the  Manchester 
Print- Works,  and  he  fitted  it  for  the  printing  of  delaines 
and  calicoes.  The  works  were  owned  at  one  time  by  Mr. 
Lord  and  Henry  Buckley  and  printed  seven  thousand  yards 
daily  or  over  two  million  in  a  year.  The  old  mill  was  un 
used  for  some  time  after  their  business  ceased,  but  near  the 
close  of  1873  F.  F.  &  C.  M.  Downs  began  in  it  the  manu 
facture  of  shoes  and  continued  the  business  a  few  months. 

The  Eagle  Paper  Company  was  never  incorporated  but 
began  in  1857  the  manufacture  of  wrapping  paper  from 
resinous  bark,  making  from  eight  hundred  to  a  thousand 
pounds  a  day,  but  shortly  came  to  an  end. 

The  New  England  Excelsior  Company  began,  about  the 
same  time,  the  manufacture  of  "'excelsior"  filling  for  mat 
tresses,  occupying  one  end  of  the  building  owned  by  the 
Fulton  Works.  G.  G.  Feimer  was  then  agent.  About  1860 
its  name  was  changed  to  that  of  the  American  Excelsior 
Company  and  it  began  the  manufacture  of  the  same  article 
in  Mechanics'  Row  and  afterwards  removed  to  Amoskeag 
village,  where  it  remained  till  about  1872  and  then  moved 
to  another  part  of  the  state.  When  it  went  to  Amoskeag 
village  William  Blanchard  became  the  agent  of  the  com 
pany  and  afterwards  proprietor  of  the  business.  The  late 
John  L.  Davis  was  the  foreman  of  the  company  nearly  all 
the  time  it  was  located  here. 


NEWSPAPERS. 

*  ^ -™^HE  newspapers  of  Manchester  have  been  numerous, 


many  of  them  of  an  ephemeral  character,  many  de 
voted  to  special  ends,  and  but  few  of  them  now  sur 
vive  under  the  names  with  which  they  were  started.  Of 
a  number  of  them,  issued  for  advertising  purposes  merely 
and  for  gratuitous  distribution,  and  of  several  amateur  pa 
pers  published  in  1872  and  1878,  this  chapter  makes  no  men 
tion.  It  makes  brief  record,  with  as  much  accuracy  as  pos 
sible,  of  those  sheets  which  professed  to  be  newspapers  or 
literary  journals  and  which  were  bought  and  sold  as  such. 

The  Amoskeag  Representative,  the  first  newspaper  printed 
in  Manchester,  was  established  by  John  Caldwell  and  its  first 
number  issued  Friday,  October  18, 1839,  its  publication  be 
ing  continued  weekly  thereafter.  Its  name  was  changed  to 
that  of  Manchester  Representative  January  22,  1841.  It 
was  about  the  size  of  the  Mirror  &  American  of  the  pres 
ent  time.  It  advocated  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
party  and  at  the  time  when  the  second  paper,  the  Amos 
keag  Memorial,  was  started,  had  quite  a  circulation,  which 
subsequently  decreased  and  the  paper  was  sold,  December  7, 
1842,  to  Kimball  &  Currier,  and  merged  with  the  Manches 
ter  Democrat,  another  venture  in  the  journalistic  field. 

The  second  paper  was  the  Amoskeag  Memorial,  whose 
publication  was  begun  Wednesday,  January  1,  1840,  by 
Joseph  C.  Emerson,  who  was  born  in  Weare,  learned  the 
printer's  trade  at  Concord  and  now  resides  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  It  was  started  as  a  neutral  paper  and  remained  such 


324  MANCHESTER. 

till  the  appearance  of  the  Manchester  Democrat  in  1842, 
when  it  began  the  advocacy  of  the  principles  of  the  Whig 
party.  At  the  commencement  of  the  second  volume,  Jan 
uary  6,  1841,  its  name  was  changed  to  that  of  Manchester 
Memorial.  Joseph  Kidder  became  its  editor  February  17, 
1841,  at  which  time  he  sold  to  Mr.  Emerson  the  People's 
Herald,  which  he  had  published  at  Pembroke  for  two 
months  previous,  having  issued  four  numbers.  The  Me 
morial  then  assumed  the  double  title  of  Manchester  Me 
morial  &  People's  Herald  and  kept  it  till  June  5,  1842, 
when  the  latter  half  was  dropped.  It  was  enlarged,  June 
9,  1841,  to  the  size  of  the  Mirror  &  American.  May  26, 
1841,  Mr.  Emerson  associated  with  himself  as  publisher 
0.  D.  Murray,  now  of  Nashua,  and  in  the  succeeding  Jan 
uary,  when  Mr.  Kidder  resigned  the  editorship,  the  pub 
lishers  announced  themselves  as  editors.  The  establish 
ment  was  bought,  September  2,  1842,  by  Samuel  F.  Wet- 
more  and  A.  A.  Wallace,  who  continued  its  publishers  till 
August  21,  1844,  when  Mr.  Wallace  retired  and  left  the 
paper  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Wetmore,  the  senior  partner. 
Its  name  was  changed,  September  6,  1844,  to  that  of  Man 
chester  American.  In  September,  1845,  Mr.  Wetmore 
started  the  Semi-Weekly  American,  of  which  John  H. 
Warland  was  editor.  April  17,  1846,  the  establishment 
passed  into  the  hands  of  James  0.  Adams,  who  at  once 
discontinued  the  semi-weekly  issue.  He  remained  the  pub 
lisher  and  editor  of  the  American  till  May,  1852,  when, 
having  another  weekly  paper  upon  his  hands,  he  sold  the 
American  to  Gen.  Joseph  C.  Abbott,  now  United  States 
Senator  from  North  Carolina,  and  Edward  A.  Jenks,  now 
connected  with  the  Concord  Monitor.  A  few  weeks  later 
they  bought  the  Saturday  Messenger,  Henry  A.  Gage,  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  latter,  being  admitted  to  partnership, 
and  they  published  the  American  &  Messenger  under  the 
name  of  Abbott,  Jenks  &  Company,  Mr.  Abbott  being  the 


NEWSPAPERS.  325 

editor.  A  daily  had  been  issued  during  the  campaign  of 
1848  and  again  in  1850  during  the  progress  of  the  Parker 
murder  trial,  but  the  first  regular  issue  of  the  Manchester 
Daily  American  occurred  September  4,  1854.  Charles  G. 
Warren  subsequently  bought  the  interest  of  the  two  junior 
partners  and  the  publication  was  continued  by  Abbott  & 
Warren.  Both  the  daily  and  weekly  were  sold  in  1857  to 
John  H.  Goodale  of  the  Manchester  Democrat  and  united 
with  that  paper. 

Upon  the  appearance  of  the  Memorial,  in  January,  1840, 
John  Caldwell  of  the  Representative  began  the  publication 
of  a  neutral  and  literary  paper  of  the  size  of  the  new  sheet, 
with  the  title  of  the  Manchester  Magazine,  whose  matter 
was  selected  from  what  had  once  appeared  in  his  own 
paper.  This  was  continued  but  three  mouths. 

July  4,  1840,  Joseph  C.  Emerson  of  the  Memorial  began 
the  publication  of  the  Manchester  Workman.  It  was  a 
campaign  paper,  advocated  the  claims  of  Gen.  Harrison  for 
President  of  the  United  States  and  was  discontinued  after 
his  election. 

The  first  number  of  the  Star  of  Bethlehem,  a  religious 
paper  which  advocated  the  doctrines  of  the  Universalists, 
was  issued  in  this  city,  January  2,  1841.  It  was  published 
by  a  company  with  the  title  of  the  Fraternal  Association, 
of  which  A.  C.  Bagley  was  agent,  and  the  editors  were 
Abel  C.  Thomas  and  Thomas  B.  Thayer.  It  was  contin 
ued  here  about  a  year  and  was  then  removed  entirely  to 
Lowell,  it  having  been  for  some  time  published  simultane 
ously  in  that  city  and  in  Manchester.  It  is  a  curious  fact 
that  the  type  for  its  first  number  was  once  all  "set"  for 
printing,  but  some  pecuniary  difficulty  arose  and  it  was 
"distributed"  without  having  been  used. 

Soon  after  the  mills  were  started  a  large  number  of  pa 
pers  sprang  into  a  brief  existence,  some  of  them  being 
hardly  worth  dragging  from  obscurity.  Among  them  were 


326  MANCHESTER. 

the  Manchester  Engine,  an  illustrated  journal  of  fun,  which 
was  continued  for  six  weeks,  and  the  Owl,  a  scurrilous  pa 
per  which  appeared  by  night,  at  odd  times,  for  nearly  a 
year.  The  names  of  the  publishers  were  not  given. 

The  Literary  Souvenir  was  a  weekly  paper  which  was 
begun  in  Lowell  in  1838  by  A.  B,  F.  Hildreth,  but  in  its 
fourth  year  was  removed  to  Concord,  and  four  months 
later  to  this  city.  Emerson  &  Murray  of  the  Memorial 
were  its  publishers,  and  S.  H.  Napoleon  Bonaparte  Bverette 
was  its  editor.  He  was  an  eccentric  man  who  styled  himself 
"Rag  Emperor"  and  his  name  was  printed  in  the  paper  with 
that  title.  The  Iris  &  Literary  Record  was  a  monthly 
magazine  which  had  been  published  at  Hanover  by  E.  A. 
Allen,  but  in  the  summer  of  1842  was  bought  by  Emerson 
&  Murray  and  removed  to  Manchester.  Mr.  Everette  was 
the  editor  of  both  this  and  the  Souvenir.  These  two 
were  united  the  first  of  September  and  published  under  the 
name  of  the  Iris  &  Souvenir.  Mr.  Murray  soon  after 
wards  retired  and  left  Mr.  Emerson  in  sole  possession  of 
the  business.  The  latter  in  December,  1842,  began  the 
Semi- Weekly  Advertiser,  which  was  edited  by  Col.  Isaac 
Kinsman  of  Pembroke,  and  was  continued  but  four  or  five 
weeks.  In  January,  1843,  Mr.  Emerson  sold  all  his  news 
paper  property  to  Willard  N.  Haradon,  who  bought  at  the 
same  time  the  interest  of  the  senior  partner  in  the  Man 
chester  Allodium,  whose  first  number  was  issued  January 
14,  1843,  by  James  Bursiel  and  a  man  of  the  name  of 
Hamlet,  the  second  number  bearing  the  names  of  Hamlet 
&  Haradon.  The  Allodium  was  a  neutral  and  literary  paper 
ornamented  with  cheap  engravings  on  wood.  This  firm 
continued  its  publication  till  April  8,  1843,  when  E.  D. 
Boylston,  now  the  senior  editor  of  the  Farmers'  Cabinet  at 
Amherst,  purchased  it  of  them  and  also  bought  the  Iris 
&  Souvenir  of  Mr.  Haradon,  continuing  both  papers  un 
der  different  names  and  in  a  different  fashion.  The  Allo- 


NEWSPAPERS.  327 

dium  became  the  Manchester  Transcript,  which  was  re 
moved  a  few  months  later  to  Great  Falls  and  there  de 
ceased,  and  instead  of  the  Iris  &  Souvenir  he  established 
in  August,  1845,  a  religious  and  temperance  journal  under 
the  name  of  the  New  Hampshire  Magazine,  which  was  pub 
lished  for  a  year  and  was  then  discontinued. 

April  26,  1842,  W.  H.  Kimball  and  Joseph  Kidder,  who 
were  associated  under  the  name  of  Kimball  &  Kidder,  is 
sued  the  first  number  of  the  Manchester  Democrat,  a 
weekly  paper  which  advocated  the  principles  of  the  Demo 
cratic  party,  and  which  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
Union  Democrat  which  was  started  in  1851.  After  a  few 
months  George  W.  Morrison  and  Moody  Currier,  then  part 
ners  in  the  practice  of  law,  bought  Mr.  Kidder's  half  of 
the  paper.  Then  Mr.  Morrison  sold  his  interest  to  Mr. 
Currier,  who  was  the  editor  during  his  connection  with  it 
and  for  a  while  afterwards  but  who  retired  from  its  owner 
ship  in  October,  1843,  his  share  being  bought  by  E.  D. 
Davis.  In  the  early  part  of  1845  Mr.  Kimball  sold  his  in 
terest  to  Chandler  E.  Potter,  their  a  practising  attorney-at- 
law,  and  in  September  of  that  year  Mr.  Potter  assumed  the 
whole  management.  In  August,  1846,  he  associated  with 
him  as  publisher  Edward  Hutchins,  continuing  as  editor 
himself,  and  resuming  entire  control  the  next  year.  In 
the  fall  of  1848  he  sold  the  paper  to  John  H.  Goodale,  now 
of  Nashua,  and  W.  H.  Gilmore,  now  connected  with  the 
Concord  People.  In  January,  1851,  Mr.  Gilmore  retired 
to  start  a  new  paper,  called  the  Union  Democrat,  and  Mr. 
Goodale  continued  the  sole  editor  and  proprietor.  In  1857 
the  latter  bought  the  Daily  American  and  American  & 
Messenger,  continued  the  publication  of  the  former  and 
united  the  latter  with  the  Democrat  under  the  name  of  the 
Democrat  &  American.  Soon  afterwards  Simeon  D. 
Farnsworth,  then  a  school-teacher  of  Concord,  came  to  this 
city  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Goodale  and  the 


328  MANCHESTER. 

firm  became  Goodale  &  Farnsworth.  In  the  fall  of  1861 
the  latter  bought  out  his  partner  and  continued  the  sole 
proprietor  till  April,  1863,  when,  having  become  a  paymas 
ter  in  the  army,  he  leased  the  daily  and  weekly  to  Gage, 
Moore  &  Company  (Henry  A.  Gage,  Orren  C.  Moore,  James 
0.  Adams),  and  the  name  Democrat  was  dropped  from  the 
title.  In  August,  1863,  0.  C.  Moore  sold  his  interest  to 
Sylvester  C.  Gould.  In  December,  1863,  Mr.  Farnsworth 
bought  back  the  lease  and  sold  both  papers  to  John  B. 
Clarke,  who  united  them  with  the  Mirror.  The  last  issue 
of  the  Daily  American  was  dated  December  26,  1863. 

The  Gleaner,  to  which  the  general  testimony  ascribes  a 
low  and  scurrilous  character,  was  first  issued  Saturday, 
November  12,  1842,  its  publisher  being  William  A.  Hall 
and  its  editor  John  Caldwell,  who  was  then  publishing  the 
Representative.  It  was  suspended  in  the  latter  part  of 
1845.  There  was  an  effort  made  at  one  time  to  call  Elm 
street  Broadway,  and  the  Gleaner,  according  to  its  heading, 
was  printed  at  "  Exchange  Building,  No.  88  Broadway, 
opposite  Methodist  church." 

The  Manchester  Palladium,  another  of  Mr.  Caldwell's 
enterprises,  was  begun  May  21,  1846,  and  continued  about 
six  months. 

The  White  Mountain  Torrent  was  a  temperance  paper, 
started  at  Concord  in  April,  1843,  and  edited  by  the  late 
Moses  A.  Cartland  of  Weare.  In  September  of  that  year  it 
was  bought  by  Willard  N.  Haradon,  J.  C.  Stowell,  George 
S.  Wilson  and  Samuel  Young  and  moved  to  Manchester. 
It  was  published  here  till  November,  being  still  edited  by 
Mr.  Cartland,  and  then  returned  to  Concord. 

The  Manchester  Operative  was  begun  Saturday,  Decem 
ber  30,  1843,  by  Willard  N.  Haradon  and  was  published 
ostensibly,  as  its  name  would  hint,  in  the  interests  of  man 
ual  laborers.  It  is  said  to  have  gained  a  good  circulation, 
but  its  last  number  was  issued  November  16,  1844,  and  it 


NEWSPAPERS.  329 

was  then  removed  to  Lowell  and  united  with  the  Opera 
tives'  Magazine  ife  Lowell  Offering.  It  was  at  first  owned 
and  edited  by  Mr.  Haradon  alone  ;  February  24,  1844,  its 
columns  stated  that  it  was  published  by  Mr.  Haradon  and 
conducted  by  John  G.  Sherburne  and  E.  R.  Wilkins ; 
March  30,  Mr.  Haradon  again  appeared  as  the  sole  man 
ager  ;  April  20,  Haradon  &  Wilkins  were  the  publishers 
and  proprietors  ;  August  31,  Mr.  Haradon  again  appeared, 
for  a  single  number,  alone  ;  September  7,  it  was  published 
by  an  "  association  of  practical  printers,"  consisting  of  W. 
N.  Haradon,  George  S.  Wilson,  J.  C.  Stowell  and  Samuel 
E.  Young,  under  the  name  of  Haradon,  Stowell  &  Com 
pany,  Mr.  Stowell  being  the  editor.  October  12,  the  name 
of  the  firm  was  changed  to  J.  C.  Stowell  &  Company  and 
by  them  it  was  published  till  its  decease. 

The  Independent  Democrat  was  begun  in  this  city  May  1, 
1845,  by  Robert  C.  Wetmore,  a  brother  of  S.  F.  Wetmore 
of  the  firm  of  Wetmore  <fc  Wallace  of  the  Memorial.  It 
was  removed  after  a  few  weeks  to  Concord,  where  it  be 
came  a  strong  paper  under  the  editorship  of  the  Hon. 
George  G.  Fogg  and  was  subsequently  united  with  another 
paper  to  form  the  present  Independent  Statesman. 

July  3,  1845,  was  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Man 
chester  Mercantile  Advertiser,  published  by  Charles  H. 
Chase,  now  a  jeweler  of  this  city.  It  was  suspended  after 
an  existence  of  nearly  five  months  and  then  Mr.  Chase  be 
gan  the  publication  of  the  Manchester  Saturday  Messenger, 
whose  first  number  was  issued  November  29,  1845.  The 
Messenger  appeared,  March  28,  1846,  with  J.  E.  Davis,  jr., 
and  Israel  P.  Chase  as  publishers.  E.  D.  Davis  took  Mr. 
Chase's  place  in  the  firm  on  the  fifteenth  of  August  of  the 
same  year.  They  continued  its  publication  till  March  20, 
1847,  when  they  disposed  of  the  establishment  to  William 
H.  Gilmore  and  Israel  P.  Chase.  Joseph  Kidder,  who  had 
been  its  editor  from  the  start,  resigned  his  charge  at  the 

21 


330  MANCHESTER. 

close  of  the  second  volume,  November  20,  1847.  Mr. 
Chase  was  thereafter  the  principal  editor  till  he  retired 
from  the  paper,  June  24,  1848.  Subsequently  Henry  A. 
Gage  bought  Mr.  Gilmore's  interest,  and,  May  26,  1849, 
associated  with  him  Francis  F.  Forsaith,  who  then  became 
the  editor.  He  withdrew  January  25,  1851,  and  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Benjamin  F.  Wallace,  who  had  been  for  several 
years  the  principal  of  Piscataquog  Village  Academy.  The 
Messenger  had  been  started  to  occupy  a  place  which  was 
supposed  to  be  left  vacant  by  the  Democrat  and  the  Ameri 
can,  the  only  two  other  papers  then  published  in  Manchester 
and  both  political.  The  Messenger  was  intended  to  be  en 
tirely  free  from  political  matter  and  to  have  an  especial 
local  value.  When  Mr.  Wallace  assumed  the  editorship, 
however,  the  Messenger  threw  off  neutrality  and  assumed 
the  position  of  a  Whig  journal.  In  1852  it  was  sold  to 
Abbott,  Jenks  &  Company  (Joseph  C.  Abbott,  Edward  A. 
Jenks,  and  Henry  A.  Gage),  the  owners  of  the  American, 
and  united  with  that  paper. 

The  New  Hampshire  Temperance  Banner,  established  in 
1847  as  the  organ  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Temper 
ance  Society,  was  issued  monthly  under  the  supervision  of 
the  executive  board  and  published  at  the  office  of  the  Man 
chester  Democrat.  The  late  Moses  A.  Cartland  of  Weare 
was  a  part  of  the  time  its  editor  and  a  part  of  the  time  it 
was  edited  by  members  of  the  board.  After  three  or  four 
years  it  was  removed  to  Concord  and  united  with  some 
other  journal. 

The  Old  Hero  was  a  campaign  paper  issued  in  1848  from 
the  office  of  the  Manchester  American,  in  advocacy  of  the 
claims  of  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor  for  the  presidency  of  the 
United  States,  in  honor  of  whose  military  reputation  it 
was  named.  It  was  continued  but  a  few  months. 

September  9,  1848,  the  first  number  of  the  Manchester 
Telescope  was  issued  by  Haradon  &  Kieley  (Willard  N. 


NEWSPAPERS.  331 

Haradon,  John  Kieley).  It  was  devoted  to  news  and 
amusement,  was  cheaply  illustrated  and  had  a  limited  cir 
culation.  After  an  existence  of  about  two  years  its  name 
was  changed  by  Mr.  Haradon,  who  had  become  its  sole  pro 
prietor  February  19,  1849,  to  that  of  Haradon's  Weekly 
Spy.  A  subsequent  change  made  it  the  Manchester  Spy 
and  under  this  title  it  was  published  till  the  beginning  of 

1852,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  publishers  of  the  Farmers' 
Monthly  Visitor  and  incorporated  with  that  paper. 

The  Merchants'  Own  Journal,  in  the  main  for  advertis 
ing  purposes  merely,  was  begun  in  November,  1848,  by 
Haradon  &  Storer  (W.  N.  Haradon,  F.  D.  Storer)  and  was 
issued  for  a  short  time. 

About  1849  the  late  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Crosby,  then  a  prac 
ticing  physician  in  Manchester,  conceived  the  idea  of  pub 
lishing  an  agricultural  paper  in  the  city,  and  at  length,  hav 
ing  associated  with  himself  James  0.  Adams  as  publisher, 
issued  the  first  number  of  the  Granite  Farmer  February  26, 
1850.  It  was  a  weekly  of  eight  pages,  and,  according  to  the 
announcement  on  its  first  page,  was  "  published  under  the 
patronage  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Agricultural  Soci 
ety."  At  the  beginning  of  the  fourth  volume,  in  January, 

1853,  the  Rev.  A.  G.  Comings  of  Mason  became  associate 
editor,  but  he  removed  from  the  state  about  March,  1853, 
and  the  twelfth  number  was  the  last  which  bore  his  name. 
The  paper  was  sold  October  5,  1853,  to  the  Hon.  Chandler 
E.  Potter  and  was  united  not  long  afterwards  with  the 
Farmers'  Monthly  Visitor. 

The  Manchester  Daily  Mirror  was  started  as  a  morning 
paper  Monday,  October  28,  1850,  by  Joseph  C.  Emerson. 
With  the  seventh  number  appeared  the  name  of  F.  A. 
Moore  as  that  of  the  editor.  He  was  succeeded  as  editor, 
December  16, 1850,  by  Edward  N.  Fuller.  Monday,  June 
23,  1851,  it  was  changed  from  a  morning  to  an  evening 
paper.  Mr.  Emerson  began  Saturday,  February  22,  1851, 


332  MANCHESTER. 

under  the  name  of  the  Dollar  Weekly  Mirror,  a  weekly 
paper,  made  up  from  the  columns  of  the  daily,  of  which 
also  Mr.  Fuller  was  the  editor.  In  February,  185*2,  he 
retired  from  the  editorship  and  his  place  was  filled  by 
John  B.  Clarke.  He  held  the  position  till  September  1, 
when  Mr.  Emerson,  who  had  been  engaged  in  the  manu 
facture  of  fireworks,  lost  heavily  by  fire  and  became  finan 
cially  embarrassed.  He  struggled  along  till  October  20, 
when  he  sold. at  auction  the  daily  and  weekly,  which  were 
bought  by  John  B.  Clarke,  who  has  owned  and  edited  them 
ever  since.  He  bought  in  1863  of  S.  D.  Farnsworth  the 
Daily  and  Weekly  American,  in  which  the  Manchester 
Democrat  had  been  swallowed  up,  and  united  the  latter 
with  the  Dollar  Weekly  Mirror,  and  the  former  with  the 
Daily  Mirror,  which  has  since  been  known  as  the  Daily 
Mirror  &  American.  In  1863  he  bought  of  Francis  B. 
Eaton  the  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Agriculture,  which 
had  already  absorbed  the  Granite  Farmer  and  the  Farm 
ers'  Monthly  Visitor,  and  united  it  with  the  weekly  under 
the  name  of  tlje  Dollar  Weekly  Mirror  &  New  Hampshire 
Journal  of  Agriculture.  July  8, 1865,  its  name  was  chang 
ed  to  that  of  Mirror  &  Farmer  and  under  this  it  has 
since  been  published.  The  office  of  publication  was  in 
Patten's  block  on  Elm  street  till  the  fire  of  February,  1856, 
then  in  Riddle's  building  on  the  corner  of  Hanover  and 
Elm  streets  till  October  1,  1863,  and  since  then  in  its  pres 
ent  location  in  Merchants'  Exchange  on  the  corner  of  Man 
chester  and  Elm  streets. 

January  24,  1851,  the  first  number  of  the  Union  Demo 
crat,  a  weekly  paper  in  the  interest  of  the  Democratic 
party,  was  issued  by  William  H.  Gilmore  &  Company. 
June  18,  1851,  the  firm  became  Campbell  &  Gilmore 
(James  M.  Campbell,  William  H.  Gilmore)  and  Mr.  Camp 
bell  became  the  editor.  August  15,  1855,  Mr.  Gilmore  left 
and  Mr.  Campbell  became  the  sole  proprietor.  May  28, 


NEWSPAPERS.  333 

1861,  Walter  Harriman,  afterwards  governor  of  the  state, 
was  associated  with  Mr.  Campbell  and  the  paper  was  pub 
lished  as  the  Weekly  Union  by  Campbell  &  Harriman  till 
March  31,  1863,  when  Col.  Thomas  P.  Pierce  took  Harri- 
man's  place,  and  the  name  of  Union  Democrat  was  again 
adopted.  The  Manchester  Daily  Union  had  been  issued  in 
1856  as  a  campaign  paper,  but  its  first  regular  issue  was 
dated  Tuesday,  March  31, 1863.  January  1, 1864,  the  firm 
became  James  M.  Campbell  &  Company,  Charles  Lamson 
being  the  junior  partner.  August  1,  1864,  Alpheus  A. 
Hanscom,  who  had  been  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Maine  Democrat  at  Saco,  Me.,  from  March  1,  1843,  till 
May  15,  1864,  bought  Mr.  Lamson's  interest  and  the  firm 
became  Campbell  &  Hanscom,  under  which  name  it  has 
ever  since  continued.  September  1,  1872,  George  A. 
Hanscom,  a  brother  of  the  junior  partner  and  who  had 
learned  the  printer's  trade  in  his  brother's  office  at  Saco 
but  had  followed  the  sea  for  many  years,  and  James  L. 
Campbell,  a  son  of  the  senior  partner,  were  admitted  as 
members  of  the  firm.  The  Democrat  was  published  in 
Patten's  block  OH  Elm  street  till  the  fire  of  February,  1856 
and  then  in  Riddle's  building  on  the  corner  of  Hanover 
and  Elm  streets  and  in  Merchants'  Exchange,  corner  of 
Manchester  and  Elm  streets,  till  February,  1874,  when  it 
was  issued  from  the  building  which  the  proprietors  had 
then  just  completed  on  Manchester  street. 

The  Farmers'  Monthly  Visitor,  which  had  been  published 
at  Concord  by  Gov.  Isaac  Hill  since  1838,  was  suspended 
in  1849  but  revived  in  this  city  in  1852,  when  Rowell,  Pres- 
cott  &  Company  (Joseph  M.  Rowell,  George  P.  Prescott, 
Chandler  E.  Potter)  became  its  proprietors  and  Judge 
Potter  its  editor.  It  was  published  as  an  octavo  of  thirty- 
two  pages  and  its  first  number  was  issued  in  Manchester, 
as  the  first  number  of  its  twelfth  volume,  in  January,  1852. 
Judge  Potter  bought  the  Granite  Farmer  of  Mr.  Adams 


334  MANCHESTER. 

October  5,  1853,  and  Dr.  Crosby  retired  from  the  editor 
ship  two  weeks  later.  In  1854  the  latter  was  united  with 
the  Visitor  and  published  in  folio  form  under  the  name  of 
the  Granite  Farmer  &  Visitor.  Judge  Potter,  having 
bought  out  his  partners,  was  then  the  sole  proprietor  and 
editor.  About  a  year  later  Lewis  H.  Hildreth  of  Westford, 
Mass.,  a  writer  upon  agriculture,  came  to  Manchester  and 
entered  into  negotiations  in  reference  to  a  paper.  As  a 
result  he  and  James  0.  Adams  each  bought  a  third  of  the 
Farmer  &  Visitor,  Judge  Potter  retaining  a  third  and 
Mr.  Adams'  name  appearing  as  that  of  the  editor.  Hil 
dreth,  however,  remained  but  a  few  months  and  about 
April,  1857,  the  paper  was  sold  at  auction  to  John  C.  Mer- 
riam  &  Company  (Henry  C.  Adams),  and  it  was  issued, 
July  18, 1857,  as  a  new  paper  under  the  name  of  the  Gran 
ite  State  Farmer.  Subsequently  Merriam  retired  and 
Henry  C.  Adams  owned  it  for  a  while  and  then  sold  it  to 
S.  A.  Hurlburt,  who  was  the  sole  proprietor  and  editor — 
James  0.  Adams  then  leaving  the  editor's  chair — till  the 
latter  part  of  1859,  when  Gilmore  &  Martin  (William  H. 
Gilmore,  Warren  Martin)  bought  the  paper  and  issued  it 
in  folio  form  as  the  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Agriculture. 
Zephaniah  Breed  and  Moses  A.  Cartland,  both  of  Weare, 
became  the  editors.  In  1861  the  paper  was  sold  to  Fran 
cis  B.  Eaton,  who  published  it  till  January,  1863,  when  he 
sold  it  to  John  B.  Clarke,  who  united  it  with  the  Dollar 
Weekly  Mirror,  of  which  he  was  then  the  owner,  under  the 
name  of  the  Dollar  Weekly  Mirror  &  New  Hampshire  Jour 
nal  of  Agriculture. 

The  Crusader,  a  temperance  paper  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Temperance  Society, 
was  begun  in  Concord  about  1850.  In  December,  1851,  it 
was  published  simultaneously  in  Concord  and  Manchester 
and  in  February,  1852,  was  published  altogether  in  this 
city.  It  was  not  long  afterwards  moved  to  Concord,  united 


NEWSPAPERS.  335 

with  the  Phoenix  of  that  city  and  afterwards  absorbed  by 
the  New  Hampshire  Gazette  at  Portsmouth. 

In  1853  Benjamin  F.  Stanton  and  William  B.  Burnham 
issued  for  a  short  time  a  small  sheet  devoted  to  phonogra 
phy  called  the  Junto  Organ. 

A  paper  called  the  Ladies'  Enterprise  was  begun  January 
1,  1854,  and  published  weekly  for  a  time. 

The  "Know-Nothing"  movement,  which  began  in  1854, 
created  a  demand  for  an  especial  political  organ,  and  in 
September  of  that  year  the  Stars  and  Stripes  was  estab 
lished  as  the  medium  of  communication  for  that  party  and 
was  published  weekly.  Marquis  D.  L.  Stevens  was  its  pub 
lisher  and  Jonathan  Tenney,  then  principal  of  the  high 
school  and  now  deputy  state  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  for  New  York,  was  its  editor.  At  the  end  of  a 
year  Edwin  Bartholomew  became  its  editor  and  proprietor 
and  Benjamin  F.  Wallace,  principal  of  the  Piscataquog 
academy,  had  some  connection  with  it.  It  was  removed 
not  long  afterwards  to  Laconia  and  absorbed  in  the  Winni- 
pesaukee  Gazette. 

The  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Medicine,  a  monthly 
octavo  of  thirty-two  pages,  was  first  issued  at  Concord  in 
August,  1850,  with  E.  H.  Parker,  M.  D.,  as  editor.  In 
October,  1852,  Dr.  George  H.  Hubbard  of  this  city  was 
associated  with  Dr.  Parker,  and  in  October,  1853,  became 
the  sole  editor.  It  was  removed  to  Manchester  in  July, 
1856,  and  continued  till  December,  1859,  when  it  was  sus 
pended,  at  the  close  of  the  eighth  volume. 

The  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Education  was  a  monthly 
publication,  established  in  January,  1857,  as  the  organ  of 
the  New  Hampshire  State  Teachers'  Association.  Edwin 
Bartholomew  was  the  publisher  and  the  Rev.  William  L. 
Gage,  now  settled  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  the  chief  editor. 
Among  the  associate  editors  were  Jonathan  Tenney,  Ben 
jamin  F.  Wallace  and  Simeon  D.  Farns worth  of  this  city. 


336  MANCHESTER. 

At  the  close  of  its  first  volume  it  was  removed  to  Concord 
and  there  continued  till  the  end  of  the  year  1862,  when  it 
was  suspended.  While  it  was  published  there  the  Rev. 
Henry  E.  Sawyer,  now  of  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  a  brother 
of  Joseph  B.  Sawyer  of  this  city,  was  the  chief  editor  and 
John  P.  Newell  and  John  W.  Ray  of  this  city  were  among 
his  associates  in  the  work. 

The  Literary  Visitor,  a  monthly  paper,  was  begun  Janu 
ary  1,  1859,  as  the  organ  of  the  Excelsior  Literary  Associa 
tion  by  George  W.  Batchelder  and  Martin  A.  Haynes,  the 
latter  of  whom  is  now  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Lake 
Village  Times.  It  had  a  small  circulation  and  only  eight 
numbers  appeared. 

The  True  Republican  was  a  weekly  paper  which  was 
started  February  4,  1859,  by  Benjamin  F.  Stanton,  now  the 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Bradford,  Vt,  Opinion.  With 
him  were  afterwards  associated  Hector  Canfield,  now  a 
clergyman  of  North  Attleboro',  Mass.,  and  Orren  C.  Moore, 
now  one  of  the  editors  and  proprietors  of  the  Nashua  Tele 
graph.  The  paper  was  continued  about  a  year  under  the 
titles  of  True  Republican,  City  Messenger  &  Republican 
and  Manchester  Republican. 

Moore's  Musical  Record,  a  "  magazine  of  musical  art, 
science,  literature  and  news,"  John  W.  Moore,  editor,  was 
begun  in  January,  1857,  and  published  monthly  by  John 
W.  Moore  &  Company  for  two  years.  In  January,  1869, 
he,  Samuel  C.  Merrill,  Charles  Clough  and  Sylvester  C. 
Gould  began  the  publication  of  the  Manchester  Daily  News, 
but  his  partners  retired  one  by  one  and  he  was  left  alone 
the  first  of  April.  He  continued  the  News  till  May  6  and 
then  suspended  it  till  September,  when  he  published  nine 
teen  numbers  and  then  discontinued  it  finally.  He  had 
resumed  in  June  the  publication  of  the  Musical  Record  but 
suspended  it  in  January,  1870. 

La  Voix   du  Peuple,  a  \veekly  paper  issued  in  the  inter- 


NEWSPAPERS.  337 

ests  of  the  French  population  in  Manchester,  was  begun 
February  25,  1^69,  and  was  continued  through  seventeen 
numbers.  A.  L.  Tremblay  &  Company  were  its  proprietors 
and  editors. 

The  Labor  Journal  was  started  March  24,  1870,  by  Dan 
iel  S.  Holt,  now  of  Washington  N.  H.,  professedly  in  the 
interests  of  the  laboring  classes.  It  was  suspended  after 
thirteen  numbers. 

The  Public  Forum  was  a  weekly  paper  which  was  started 
September  30,  1871,  as  a  Democratic  journal  by  George  J. 
Foster  &  Company,  Joshua  L.  Foster  being  its  editor. 
After  the  publication  of  thirteen  numbers  it  was  removed 
to  Dover,  its  name  changed  to  that  of  Foster's  Democrat 
and  a  new  volume  begun.  It  is  still  published  there. 

The  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Music  was  begun  Janu 
ary  1,  1872,  by  Imri  S.  Whitney,  and  is  published  monthly. 
John  W.  Moore  was  its  editor  till  the  close  of  1874. 

The  Saturday  Night  Dispatch  was  begun  Saturday,  Jan 
uary  24, 1874,  by  Merritt  S.  Hunt,  who  had  been  connected 
with  papers  in  Pittsburgh  and  Titusville,  Pa.,  and  has  been 
published  weekly  since.  James  0.  Adams  was  associated 
with  Mr.  Hunt  as  editor  and  proprietor  from  September  1 
to  December  1, 1874,  since  when  the  paper  has  been  owned 
and  edited  by  Hunt  &  Everett,  Henry  H.  Everett  being  the 
junior  partner. 

The  New  Hampshire  Sunday  Globe  was  issued  for  the 
first  time  Sunday  morning,  February  7,  1875,  by  Rollins  & 
Kingdon  (Ai  Rollins.  S.  S.  Kingdon)  and  has  been  pub 
lished  weekly  since.  It  is  the  only  Sunday  paper  in  the 
state. 


MANCHESTER  IN    THE  REBEL 
LION, 


HE  War  of  the  Rebellion  is  so  fresh  in  the  minds  of 
the  people  of  to-day  that  they  do  not  need  to  be 
reminded  that  it  was  begun  by  the  attack  on  Fort 
Sumter  April  12,  1861.  Abraham  Lincoln,  then  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  issued  on  the  fifteenth  of  that 
month  a  call  for  seventy-five  thousand  volunteers  to  enlist 
for  three  months,  and  on  the  next  day  Ichabod  Goodwin, 
then  governor  of  the  state,  issued  a  proclamation  to  Joseph 
C.  Abbott,  the  adjutant-general,  ordering  him  to  enlist  from 
the  enrolled  militia  one  regiment  of  volunteers  to  fill  the 
quota  of  the  state,  which  was  seven  hundred  and  eighty 
men.  The  news  of  the  bombardment  of  Sumter  was  an 
nounced  in  Manchester  early  in  the  morning  of  the  thir 
teenth  and  intense  excitement  was  at  once  aroused.  When 
the  call  for  troops  came,  John  L.  Kelly  was  among  the 
first  to  offer  his  services  as  a  recruiting  officer  and  he  was 
appointed  and  assigned  to  Manchester  and  vicinity  and 
opened  an  office  in  the  city  hall  April  18.  It  was  at  once 
thronged  with  men  anxious  to  enlist,  and,  as  fast  as  the 
papers  could  be  made  out,  they  were  enrolled. 

In  the  meantime  the  Manchester  Mechanics'  Phalanx, 
the  Abbott  Guard  and  the  Union  Guards  all  local  mili- 
itary  organizations,  held  enthusiastic  meetings  and  voted 
to  tender  thei*  services  to  the  government.  The  "  military 
exempts,"  or  men  too  old  to  be  required  by  law  for  mili 
tary  duty,  also  held  several  meetings  and  pledged  their 


840  MANCHESTER. 

aid.  and  the  young  men  of  the  city  organized  for  drill  and 
held  themselves  ready  for  future  calls.  The  physicians 
offered  their  services  free  to  the  families  of  all  who  would 
enlist,  the  banks  volunteered  loans  to  the  state  and  many 
employers  gave  furloughs  to  those  who  left  them  for  the 
field,  promising  to  care  for  their  families  while  they  were 
gone  and  to  give  them  work  when  they  returned.  In  fact, 
words  convey  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  feeling  which  pre 
vailed.  The  volunteer  was  the  hero  of  the  hour  and  noth 
ing  was  too  much  to  do  for  him.  The  papers  were  full  of 
presentations  to  the  departing  troops  and  the  women  joined 
in  furnishing  them  with  all  the  comforts  they  could  carry. 
After  the  first  battles  had  occurred  and  the  need  of  aid  for 
the  wounded  had  thus  arisen,  the  women  of  the  city  asso 
ciated  to  send  supplies  and  continued  this  work  all  through 
the  war. 

Fifty -six  men  were  enlisted  by  Captain  Kelly  the  first 
day  and  in  seven  days  the  roll  contained  the  names  of  one 
hundred  and  thirty-one  recruits.  His  men  went  to  Con 
cord  April  27  and  joined  the  First  regiment,  which  was  en 
camped  there.  April  22  the  Abbott  Guard,  seventy-seven 
men,  were  enlisted  in  a  body  by  the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth, 
who  had  been  appointed  a  recruiting  officer,  and  two  days 
later  they  went  to  Concord  and  were  afterwards  mustered 
into  the  Second  regiment.  April  25  the  Mechanics'  Pha 
lanx  was  enlisted  by  Capt.  John  N.  Bruce  and  went  into 
camp  at  Portsmouth  May  7.  Before  they  left  Manchester 
the  members  were  presented  with  revolvers  by  Mayor  D. 
A.  Bunton,  in  accordance  with  a  vote  of  the  city  govern 
ment.  Thus,  in  seven  days  after  the  first  recruiting  office 
was  opened  in  this  city,  Manchester  had  four  companies 
ready  for  the  field,  Capt.  Kelly's  men  having  been  divided 
into  two  companies.  » 

The  first  public  meeting  had  already  been  held,  April 
17,  by  the  military  exempts.  Speeches  were  made  by  Re- 


MANCHESTER  IN  THE  REBELLION."  341 

tyre  Mitchell,  who  presided,  Dustin  Marshall,  Isaac  Riddle, 
the  Hon.  Theodore  T.  Abbot,  Justin  Spear  and  the  Hon. 
Hiram  Brown.  The  next  day  the  young  men  held  a  large 
and  enthusiastic  meeting  at  which  Thomas  P.  Pierce,  then 
postmaster,  presided.  At  this  meeting  George  C.  Gilmore, 
Edwin  P.  Richardson,  Stephen  G.  Clarke,  the  Hon.  Edward 
W.  Harrington,  Thomas  Baxter,  R.  N.  Batchelder,  Andrew 
C.  Wallace  and  James  M.  Varney  were  appointed  a  com 
mittee  to  form  military  companies  to  be  ready  in  case  of 
need. 

The  women  of  the  city  had  been  from  the  first  active  in 
providing  the  volunteers  with  articles  which  were  not  fur 
nished  by  the  government,  and  nearly  every  regiment  went 
into  camp  carrying  with  them  substantial  tokens  of  the 
interest  the  citizens  had  in  their  welfare.  April  29  the 
ladies  of  the  several  religious  societies  held  a  union  levee 
for  the  benefit  of  the  volunteers.  Samuel  Wehber  pre 
sided  and  patriotic  speeches  were  made  by  the  Hon.  Daniel 
Clark,  the  Hon.  George  W.  Morrison  and  others.  It  was 
voted  at  this  meeting  to  request  the  Preside  fit  to  continue 
in  office  Thomas  P.  Pierce,  the  postmaster  of  the  city,  who 
at  the  first  call  for  troops  had  offered  his  services  to  the 
governor  of  Massachusetts  and  had  joined  the  Fourth  reg 
iment  of  that  state,  of  which  he  was  lieutenant-colonel. 

The  first  official  action  of  the  city  government  respect 
ing  the  war  was  taken  April  17,  when  a  resolution  was 
passed  which  instructed  the  mayor  to  cause  flags  to  be  put 
upon  the  city  hall  and  on  the  liberty-pole  on  Merrimack 
square,  "  to  be  kept  there  until  they  were  recognized  as  the 
national  emblem  all  over  the  country."  May  21  the  u  re 
lief  committee  "  of  the  city  government  voted  a  dollar  and 
a  half  a  week  to  the  wife  of  each  volunteer  and  a  dollar  a 
week  to  each  child. 

Baldwin's  Cornet  Band  went  into  camp  as  the  band  of 
the  First  regiment  May  15.  Its  members  were  supplied 


342  MANCHESTER. 

with  money  to  buy  revolvers  and  blankets  by  the  city  gov 
ernment.  The  Rifle  Rangers,  a  company  enlisted  by  James 
W.  Carr,  went  into  camp  at  Portsmouth  May  27. 

August  2  the  mayor  called  a  meeting  of  all  persons  who 
were  in  favor  of  sustaining  the  government  and  putting 
down  the  rebellion,  and  a  large  assembly  answered  the 
summons.  Speeches  were  made  by  the  Hon.  Walter  Har- 
riman,  the  Hon.  William  C.  Clarke,  Simeon  D.  Farnsworth, 
the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth,  the  Hon.  Samuel  Upton,  Mi 
chael  T.  Donohoe  and  others,  and  resolutions  were  adopted 
which  pledged  Manchester's  last  man  and  last  dollar  to  the 
cause. 

The  First  regiment,  composed  of  three  months'  men,  re 
turned  from  the  field  August  5,  and  five  days  later  its  mem 
bers  who  belonged  in  this  city  were  given  a  grand  welcome 
home. 

August  8,  the  Irish  volunteers  recruited  by  Capt.  Dono 
hoe  went  into  camp  at  Concord  as  a  part  of  the  Third 
regiment;  August  13,  the  second  company  of  the  Abbott 
Guard,  enlisted  by  Capt.  Rufus  F.  Clark,  left  this  city  to 
form  a  part  of  the  same  regiment ;  and  August  20,  the  Am- 
oskeag  Rifles,  under  Capt.  Robert  C.  Dow,  also  went  to 
Concord  to  join  the  Third. 

The  Fourth  regiment  went  into  camp  on  the  trotting- 
park  at  the  upper  end  of  Elm  street,  naming  their  camp 
"  Camp  Sullivan."  The  Stark  Guards,  under  Capt.  J.  R. 
Bagloy,  went  first  to  Concord,  but,  as  the  Third  regiment 
was  already  full,  they  were  recalled  to  Manchester  August 
27  and  joined  the  Fourth  at  Camp  Sullivan.  The  regi 
ment  started  for  the  field  September  27.  Its  band  was 
composed  for  the  most  part  of  Manchester  men  and  its 
leader  was  Walter  Dignam. 

It  had  been  announced  by  the  middle  of  August  that  a 
battery  would  be  accepted  and  one  was  recruited  by  Capt. 
Samuel  Webber,  then  manager  at  the  Print-Works,  Lieu- 


MANCHESTER  IN  THE  REBELLION.  343 

tenant  Frederick  M.  Edgell  and  Lieutenant  Edwin  H. 
Hobbs.  It  contained  one  hundred  and  fifty-four  men, 
mostly  from  this  city,  who  were  mustered  in  September  26, 
under  Capt.  George  A.  Gerrish.  They  left  for  the  seat  of 
war  October  29,  marching  to  Nashua  and  there  taking  the 
cars. 

The  Seventh  regiment  was  raised  by  Gen.  Joseph  C. 
Abbott,  was  encamped  at  Camp  Hale  upon  the  trotting- 
park  and  left  for  the  war  January  14,  1862.  The  Eighth 
regiment,  under  Col.  Hawkes  Fearing,  jr.,  was  mustered 
in  December  23,  1861,  and  encamped  on  the  trotting- 
park,  naming  its  camp  "  Camp  Currier"  in  honor  of  the 
Hon.  Moody  Currier  of  Manchester,  then  a  member  of  Gov. 
Berry's  council.  The  Eighth  went  from  here  to  Fort  Inde 
pendence  in  Boston  Harbor  January  25,  1862,  sailing  from 
there  in  two  detachments  February  16.  A  company  of 
cavalry  was  raised  in  Manchester  in  the  fall  of  1861  by  Dr. 
David  B.  Nelson. 

In  June,  1862,  during  an  adjustment  of  the  sums  due 
from  the  state  to  the  different  cities  and  towns  for  aid  fur 
nished  to  the  families  of  volunteers,  it  was  ascertained  that 
up  to  that  time  Manchester  had  furnished  for  the  war  over 
seventeen  hundred  men  or  more  than  one-fifth  of  all  who 
had  gone  from  the  state. 

The  recruiting  offices  were  now  closed  and  their  furni 
ture  sold,  but  in  July,  1862,  an  imperative  call  for  more 
men  re-opened  them  and  the  city  contributed  some  men  to 
the  Ninth  regiment,  then  already  in  process  of  formation. 
They  were  mustered  in  at  Concord  and  left  that  city  for 
the  field  August  25,  1862. 

The  efforts  of  the  citizens  under  the  new  call  were,  how 
ever,  mainly  directed  towards  filling  the  Tenth  or  Irish 
regiment,  which  was  considered  peculiarly  a  Manchester 
regiment.     A  mass  meeting  in  its  aid  was  held  on  the 
evening  of  July  11   at  Smyth's   Hall,  when  eloquent  ad- 


344  MANCHESTER. 

dresses  were  made  by  Joseph  Kidder,  who  presided,  the 
Hon.  George  W.  Morrison,  the  Hon.  David  Cross,  the  Hon. 
William  C.  Clarke,  Col.  Bradbury  P.  Cilley,  Col.  John  B. 
Clarke,  Michael  Lyons,  Lieut-Col.  John  Coughlin  and 
Major  Jesse  F.  Angell.  The  city  government  passed  a 
resolution  July  18,  offering  a  bounty  of  fifty  dollars  to  each 
volunteer  and  the  city  furnished  the  greater  part  of  six 
companies  for  the  Tenth.  Its  camp  was  on  the  trotting- 
park  and  was  called  "  Camp  Pillsbury  "  in  honor  of  the 
Hon.  Oliver  Pillsbury  of  Concord,  a  member  of  Gov.  Ber 
ry's  council.  The  regiment  was  mustered  in  September  5 
and  left  for  the  field  September  22.  It  was  put  under 
command  of  Col.  Michael  T.  Donohoe,  then  a  captain  in 
the  Third  regiment  which  was  stationed  in  South  Carolina. 

An  immense  fair  which  continued  three  days  was  held 
May  14,  15  and  16,  1863,  in  aid  of  the  Sanitary  Commis 
sion,  which  was  employed  in  the  relief  of  the  soldiers  at 
the  front,  and  a  little  over  four  thousand  dollars  was  raised. 

The  quota  of  Manchester  under  the  call  of  August  4, 
1862,  for  three  hundred  thousand  men  was  four  hundred 
and  twenty.  One  hundred  and  fifty  beyond  its  previous 
quota  were  already  in  the  field  and  thus  only  two  hundred 
and  seventy  were  left  to  be  raised.  In  this  state  of  affairs 
the  wards  formed  organizations  and  raised  funds  to  procure 
substitutes,  prominent  citizens  who  were  exempt  from  duty 
hired  men  to  fill  the  quota  and  at  length  the  city  govern 
ment  voted,  October  4,  1863,  to  pay  every  man  who  was 
drafted  three  hundred,  dollars  which  he  might  use  to  pro 
cure  a  substitute  or  retain  as  a  bounty  if  he  was  willing  to 
enlist.  So  that  when  the  draft  took  place,  October  6, 1863, 
very  few  of  the  drafted  went  to  the  field. 

March  29,  1864,  the  city  offered  a  bounty  of  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  dollars  to  all  veterans  who  re-enlisted,  and 
many  then  in  the  field  re-entered  the  service  when  their 
terms  expired.  The  Manchester  National  Guards,  under 


MANCHESTER  IN  THE  REBELLION.  345 

Capt.  James  0.  Chandler,  were  mustered  into  service  May 
9,  1864,  for  a  period  of  sixty  days  and  ordered  to  service 
at  Fort  Constitution  in  Portsmouth  harbor.  They  were 
mustered  out  July  27.  The  Martin  Guards,  under  Capt. 
George  C.  Houghton,  were  mustered  into  service  July  '25, 
1864,  for  ninety  days  and  sent  to  Fort  Constitution. 
When  their  term  of  service  expired,  they  re-enlisted  and 
became  the  tenth  company  of  the  First  regiment  of  heavy 
artillery.  In  August,  1864,  a  company  of  heavy  artillery 
was  raised  here  by  Capt.  James  0.  Chandler.  Manchester 
was  also  represented  in  all  the  military  organizations 
which  formed  part  of  New  Hampshire's  quota,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Seventeenth  regiments. 

Among  the  inevitable  results  of  the  war  was  great  suffer 
ing  among  the  sick  and  wounded  near  the  front,  and  in  the 
last  years  of  the  struggle  the  states  established  hospitals 
of  their  own  and  brought  to  them  the  sick  and  wounded 
who  belonged  to  their  regiments.  In  accordance  with 
this  plan  one  was  established  in  Manchester  in  the  fall  of 
1864.  It  was  called  the  Webster  United  States  General 
Hospital,  and  Dr.  Alexander  T.  Watson  of  New  York  was 
the  surgeon  in  charge.  Among  his  assistants  were  Dr. 
Richard  J.  P.  Goodwin  and  the  late  Dr.  William  W.  Brown, 
both  of  Manchester,  and  Dr.  William  A.  Webster,  formerly 
of  this  city.  Mrs.  Eliza  P.  Stone  and  Mrs.  M.  Jennie 
Buncher,  both  of  this  city,  were  appointed  to  have  charge 
of  the  cooking  and  diet,  receiving  commissions  from  the 
United  States  October  25,  1864,  and  taking  up  their  resi 
dence  at  the  hospital.  They  were  assisted  by  the  late  Mrs. 
Hannah  G.  Moore,  of  this  city,  Miss  Elizabeth  J.  Dudley, 
now  of  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  Miss  Mary  J.  Knowles,  now  of 
Nashua.  Hospital  buildings  were  built  upon  the  trotting- 
park,  some  of  which  still  remain,  which  would  accommodate 
six  hunded  patients  and  they  were  generally  full.  The  Hon. 
Alpheus  Gay,  now  mayor  of  the  city,  and  John  C.  Young 

22 


346  MANCHESTER. 

built  them  on  contract  for  thirty-nine  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars.  They  were  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients 
November  16, 1864,  and  closed  in  September,  1865.  During 
that  time  there  were  about  fifteen  hundred  patients  in  all, 
of  whom  thirteen  died  at  the  hospital.  Religious  services 
were  held  there  Sundays  and  it  was  frequently  visited  by 
the  citizens,  who  took  a  great  deal  of  interest  in  it. 

The  war  came  to  an  end  in  1865  and  the  regiments  grad 
ually  came  back  from  the  field.  The  Tenth,  Twelfth  and 
Thirteenth  were  received  together  June  27  at  Manchester. 
They  were  escorted  in  procession  through  the  streets  and  a 
collation  was  furnished  them  in  a  grove  in  the  rear  of  the 
city  hall.  Speeches  of  congratulation  were  made  by  Col. 
Thomas  J.  Whipple,  the  Hon.  Daniel  Clark,  Gen.  Michael 
T.  Donohoe,  Gen.  Aaron  F.  Stevens  and  others.  The 
Fourth  did  not  come  home  till  August  30,  when  it  met  a 
most  enthusiastic  reception  at  Smyth's  hall,  being  wel 
comed  in  behalf  of  the  city  by  the  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth, 
then  governor  of  the  state,  the  Hon.  Daniel  Clark  and 
others. 

After  the  war  there  was  a  commission  appointed  by  the 
state  to  compile  a  roll  of  all  the  men  who  enlisted  in  New 
Hampshire  and  to  credit  them  to  the  cities  and  towns 
which  could  prove  that  they  enlisted  as  part  of  their  quota. 
The  list  which  follows,  derived  from  that  source  and  from 
others,  gives  the  names  of  all  who  could  be  proved  to  have 
enlisted  from  Manchester,  and  of  a  few  others  taken  from 
the  original  muster-rolls.  It  is  followed  by  a  list  of  those 
who  were  field,  staff  or  line  officers  when  they  were  muster 
ed  out. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  347 


THE    MANCHESTER   SOLDIERS. 


FIRST  REGIMENT. 

Richard  N.  Batchelder,  Quartermaster;  Francis  H.  Pike,  Fife- 
Major. 

COMPANY  C. 

John  L.  Kelly,  Martin  Y.  B.  Richardson,  Charles  O.  Jennison, 
Michael  O'FJynn,  William  Mayne,  Robert  Loyd,  Patrick  Bohan, 
Charles  J.  Andrews,  Charles  H.  Allen,  James  W-  Atherton, 
Abraham  Brown,  Frank  Burr,  Jerome  Blaisdell,  William  H.  H. 
Black,  Henry  Bourrell,  Charles  A.  Cressey,  Haskell  P.  Coffin, 
Francis  Cahill,  Charles  Conner,  Thomas  F.  Gary,  Francis  H.  Con 
ner,  John  VV.  Clark,  George  H.  Champlin,  Augustus  B.  Caswell, 
Charles  H.  Demerrett,  Edward  O.  Dodge,  John  M.  Evans,  Page 
Gould,  John  Gardner,  John  Goff,  Daniel  Gile,  Marshall  Hutchins, 
Frank  B.  Hackett,  William  W.  Haselton,  Joseph  Hasclton,  Sum- 
ner  A.  Hodgkins,  Dennis  Hynes,  Daniel  Kidder,  Frank  L.  Ken 
dall,  John  L.  Lear,  William  Major,  Charles  Mace,  jr.,  Alden  E. 
Metcalf,  Charles  H.  Morrison,  Frederick  G.  Manning,  Michael 
Marden,  William  F.  Ordway,  Samuel  W.  Pierce,  Robert  Richards, 
Albert  E.  Rogers,  George  F.  Rennett,  James  Rooney,  George  W. 
Ringlar,  David  W.  Rollins,  Edmund  T.  Reynolds,  Noble  Squares, 
Charles  H.  Sanborn,  Addison  W.  Tobie,  George  Weaver,  George 
W.  Wells,  Thomas  Welch,  Robert  McAualsey,  Peter  O'Brien, 
Edwin  F.  Baldwin. 

COMPANY  H. 

William  H.  D.  Cochrane,  Christian  Spicer,  Ernest  Weinhold, 

COMPANY  K. 

Hollis  O.  Dudley. 

SECOND  REGIMENT. 

Thomas  P.  Pierce,  Colonel;  Samuel  G.  Langley,  Adjutant; 
Sylvanus  Bunton,  Surgeon. 

COMPANY  A. 

Charles  D.  Tuttle,  John  C.  Benarchad,  Albert  Lovett,  Patrick 
McGrath,  Alexander  Bellic.  John  W.  Riley,  Julius  A.  Alexander, 
Thomas  Adams,  John  Coleman. 

COMPANY  B. 

George  Nelson,  Thomas  Kenney,  Charles  Donnolly,  George 
Coyle,  Albert  Kaison,  George  Bullen,  John  Cammel,  Michael  Col- 
ligan. 


348  MANCHESTER. 

COMPANY  C. 

Michael  Mullins,  John  Smith,  David  Brown,  James  H.  Platt, 
Richard  A.  Lawrence,  Benj.  F.  Chase,  Alvin  L.  Wiggin,  Frank 
O  Robinson,  Alfred  W.  Berham,  Lemuel  M.  Cox,  Aimer  H. 
Clement,  David  W.  Colburn,  Frederick  R.  Allen,  John  A.  Barker, 
Charles  W.  Brown,  William  Calef,  Henry  F.  Carey,  John  H.  Cole, 
Harvey  M.  Colby,  Andrew  M.  Connel,  George  W.  Craig,  Hazen 
Davis,  jr.,  John  Davis,  Frederick  W.  Dearborn,  Thurlow  A. 
Emerson,  Henry  H.  Everett,  Bernard  J.  Farley,  William  Fitzger 
ald,  Barnett  E.  Fowler,  Charles  L.  French,  George  R.  Hanson, 
Cornelius  Hastings,  William  M.  Holmes,  John  Adams,  William 
Brown,  Daniel  Duffee,  George  Dexter,  James  Griffin,  George  Gil 
bert,  James  Howard,  Thomas  Jones,  William  Jones,  William  Kel- 
ley,  Thomas  Lockhart,  Peter  Lawson,  Lewis  Severence,  Daniel 
Murry,  John  Newton,  James  Peaks,  William  Davis,  Lewis  Fistte, 
Charles  A.  McLauflin,  Harvey  Hill,  William  Hudson,  James  J. 
Lord,  John  A.  Mason,  Elijah  Morse,  Charles  McGlaughlin, 
George  F.  Perry,  George  Pickup,  Timothy  II.  Pike,  Jonathan  C. 
Quimby,  John  E.  Richards,  George  II.  Sargent,  Alfred  J.  Sanborn, 
William  Smith,  John  M.  Stearns,  Alvin  R.  Smith,  Horatio  N. 
Stevens,  Laroy  D.  Sherburne,  Charles  L.  Tabor,  William  H.  Til- 
ton.  George  B.  Tuttle,  Franklin  R.  Tucker,  Franklin  F.  Wether- 
bee. 

COMPANY  D. 

James  Dalton,  William  Flynn,  George  Schultz,  Thomas  Smith, 
John  Thompson,  Arthur  McGinniss,  Earnest  Waltham,  Samuel 
Woods,  John  McDonald,  John  Gibson,  James  Johnson,  William 
Conner,  John  Lane. 

COMPANY  E. 

John  Gartley,  James  Tracey,  John  Miller,  Thomas  Riley,  Ter- 
rence  Riley,  Henry  Schwenke,  Edward  Smith,  John  Costelle. 

COMPANY  F. 

Joseph  Lemmons,  John  Jarchan,  Henry  Benton,  Henry  Brank, 
James  Cunningham,  John  Dounolly,  George  McCormick,  Charles 
Mason. 

COMPANY  G. 

Andrew  Quinn,  William  Brown,  William  S.  Bennett,  Andrew 
Christensen,  Michael  Corcoran,  Charles  Elliott,  William  H. 
French,  Custer  Jackson,  John  Peters,  William  Steele,  Charles 
Smith,  John  Travis. 

COMPANY  H. 

Thomas  Beatry,  George  P.  Williams,  Frank  A.  Eastman,  Abial 
A.  Haimaford,  Lucius  Farmer,  Henry  J.  Flanders,  Nathaniel  F. 
Swett,  Joseph  Tallen. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  349 

COMPANY  I. 

David  M.  Perkins,  Rodney  A.  Manning,  Thorndike  P.  Heath, 
William  H.  Griffin,  Hazen  B.  Martin,  Edward  L.  Bailey,  Joseph  A. 
Hubbard,  Oscar  A.  Moar,  Albion  Simonds,  Albert  E.  Sholes,  Arthur 
E.  Buckminster,  Perkins  C.  Lane,  Charles  Vickery,  Charles  H. 
Smiley,  Stephen  J.  Smiley,  Samuel  T.  Newell,  Daniel  W.  Newell, 
William  H.  Appleton,  Lyman  M.  Aldrich,  James  G.  Burns,  Frank 
M.  Boutelle,  Nicholas  M.  Biglin,  James  R.  Carr,  John  S.  Galley, 
Leonard  B.  Corliss,  Jesse  E.  Dewey,  George  B.  Damon,  Lyman 
A.  Dickey,  Moses  L.  Eastman,  Orrin  S.  Gardner,  Joseph  H. 
Gleason,  Norman  E.  Gunnison,  Eugene  G.  Hazewell,  Martin  A. 
Haynes,  Charles  T.  Hardy,  Luther  P.  Hubbard,  James  M.  House, 
Moses  A.  Hunkins,  Edgar  D.  Kenaston,  George  F.  Lawrence, 
John  E.  Ogden,  Samuel  H.  Oliver,  Charles  F.  Parrott,  Henry  M. 
Pillsbury,  Solon  F.  Porter,  Albert  B.  Robinson,  Levi  II.  Sleeper, 
jr.,  Josiah  S.  Swain,  William  W.  Wood,  Charles  B.  Wright. 

COMPANY  K. 
Benjamin  F.  Ashton,  Charles  G.  Sargent,  James  Curley. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Samuel  Kaskie,  Charles  Wing,  John  Williams,  William  G. 
Stark,  James  Donnolly. 

THIRD  REGIMENT. 

Alvin  H.  Libby,  Adjutant;  Henry  Hill,  Chaplain;  Harrison  B. 
Wing,  Principal  Musician. 

COMPANY  A. 

Rufus  F.  Clark,  John  R.  Hynes,  Ruthven  W.  Iloughton,  Frank 
L.  Morrill,  Charles  A.  White,  Roger  W.  Woodbury,  Thomas  John 
son,  John  N.  Chase,  Amos  D.  Baker,  Thomas  T.  Moore,  George  E. 
Johnson,  Richard  T.  Holland,  Samuel  George,  John  W.  Evans, 
John  M.  Evans,  William  Hainmet,  James  Sullivan,  George  J. 
Woodman,  Albert  G.  Dane,  George  II.  Webster,  Eli  E.  Bowman, 
Samuel  D.  Brelslbrds,  David  Bryant,  James  G.  Fernald,  Charles 
O.  Ferson,  Edward  Shehan,  John  F.  Stokes,  AVilliam  E.  Hamnett, 
William  L.  Bennett,  Ira  J.  Adams,  Haskell  W.  Banlill,  Charles  N. 
Buckman,  George  W.  Bridgeham,  William  O.  D.  Brown,  Harrison 
S.  Cass,  Robert  A.  Challis,  Albert  N.  Clough,  Daniel  F.  Colby, 
Harrison  J.  Copp,  Gideon  Coty,  H.  J.  Cummings,  Charles  O.  R. 
Davis,  Joseph  Dupray,  Charles  O.  Emery,  Charles  O.  Ferson,  W. 
W.  Flanders,  John  Flood,  George  T.  Fogg,  Thomas  F.  Gay,  Albert 
George,  Charles  O.  Gibson,  Charles  Gilbert,  Walter  A.  Green,  Cyrus 
Gorman,  John  W.  Goodwin,  Thomas  Hanson,  Henry  T.  Hatch, 
John  Houseman,  William  S.  Hodgman,  Andrew  J.  Holmes,  Wil 
liam  H.  Huntress,  William  M.  Karney,  George  II.  Lawrence,  Luke 
Leaf,  George  W.  Lee,  Samuel  H.  Little,  Nathaniel  Marshall,  James 
McEwen,  David  H.  Newton,  Stephen  W.  Niles,  Austin  E.  Perry 


350  MANCHESTER. 

James  D.  Proudman,  William  H.  Ramsey,  John  II .  Sanders,  George 
H.  Webster,  Hiram  C.  Squires,  Collins  P.  Tebbetts,  Leander  White, 
John  R.  Whitten,  William  H.  Carter,  George  S.  Thomas,  Edward 
Reynolds,  Alpheus  Chickering. 

COMPANY  C. 

John  Kerwin,  Michael  J.  Connelly,  Thomas  Casey,  Hugh  Duf- 
fey,  Matthew  Byrns,  John  Casey,  John  McClemens,  John  Crosbie, 
Eugene  Cadorath,  John  Eagan,  Timothy  Healey,  Robert  O'Con- 
nell,  Michael  E.  A.  Galvin,  Thomas  McEnry,  Michael  T.  Dono- 
hoe,  Robert  H.  Allen,  Walter  Cody,  Joseph  J.  Donohoe,  James 
Wilson,  John  Cumin,  Byron  Costello,  Patrick  Larkin,  John 
Me  In  tire,  Daniel  Mahoney,  David  Moore,  Peter  Pelkey,  James 

guinlan,  James  Smith,  Lewis  Potter,  Charles  Hall,  Stephen  Welsh, 
us  tin  Marshall,  William  Allen,  Peter  Smith,  Joseph  Potter, 
Edwin  O'Brien,  Francis  Sheridan,  William  Sprague,  Edmund 
Hackett,  George  Alien,  William  Baker,  John  Barrett,  John  Booth, 
George  H.  Briggs,  David  Bryant,  Bernard  Farry,  James  Hender 
son,  Robert  P.  Murry,  George  A.  Woodburn,  Samuel  Whittaker, 
James  Welch. 

COMPANY  D. 
William  H.  Maxwell. 

COMPANY  F. 

George  Stearns,  James  B.  F.  Towns. 

COMPANY  G. 

Charles  Gilbert. 

COMPANY  H. 

Charles  F.  French,  Henry  B.  Eastman,  Henry  C.  Page,  Charles 
Harvey,  Jacob  Boutells,  Albert  Blood,  Charles  F.  Burnham,  John 
S.  Cole,  Edward  Cotter,  John  B.  Davis,  William  II.  Foster,  Frank 
Ferren,  William  Gracy,  David  Gracy,  Levi  Gardner,  Charles  E. 
Harris,  William  H.  Hill,  Franklin  Halladay,  William  E.  Handy, 
Isaac  H.  Kingsbury,  Robert  C.  Dow,  Henry  F.  Hopkins,  Morris 
Hennessy,  Robert  Vincent,  Walter  J.  Richards,  Eben  R.  Adams, 
David  A".  Page,  Julius  Griggs,  Lanson  Blake,  Daniel  N.  Atwood, 
Americus  Briggs,  Albert  H.  Lockwood,  James  O'Neil,  Albert  H. 
Stevens,  Donald  Smith,  William  Todd,  James  Walsh,  George  Bai 
ley,  John  Crowson,  Peter  Quigley,  William  H.  Knox,  William  H. 
Knowlton,  Daniel  Luce,  Alexander  Le  Mudge,  Alden  E.  Metcalf, 
Daniel  S.  Morrison,  Charles  Morgan,  Jerome  B.  McQueston, 
George  Murdough,  Timothy  Parker,  Walter  J.  Richard,  James  C. 
Roach,  Albert  II .  Stevens,  Volney  F.  Simmons,  Joseph  II.  Wallace, 
An  son  T.  Williams,  Patrick  Woods,  Patrick  Welch. 

COMPANY  I. 

William  Johnson,  David  Earles,  William  G.  Nichols. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  351 

COMPANY  K. 

Edwin  Brackett,  James  H.  A.  A.  Stead,  John  Whitney,  Francis 
Boynton,  Thomas  Robinson,  Andrew  McNeil,  Thomas  Thomason, 
Varnum  H.  Hill,  Cor  win  G.  Parker. 

FOURTH  REGIMENT. 

John  L.  Kelly,  Quartermaster;  Benjamin  F.  Fogg,  Commis 
sary  Sergeant. 

BAND. 

Walter  Dignam,  Francis  H.  Pike,  Henry  Murphy,  Lemuel  H. 
James,  John  O'Brien,  Alonzo  Buiitin,  Frederick  T.  Page,  Samuel 

A.  Porter,  John  Harrington,  William  Dignam,  Eugene  K.  Foss, 
H.  Augustus  Simonds,  Eliphalet  Dustin,  John  Googin,  Orrin  N. 

B.  Stokes,  Henry  Lewis,  James  A.  Farnham,  Reinhold  T.  Trum- 
blum.  t 

COMPANY  A. 

Patrick  McGee,  Augustus  Steuger. 

COMPANY  B. 

Martin  J.  Staunton,  Martin  Y.  B.  Richardson. 

COMPANY  C. 

Jackson  Dustin,  Joseph  L.  C.  Miller,  Perley  B.  Rand,  George 
D.  Stiles,  George  S.  Tuck,  William  O.  Woodbridge,  George  M. 
Kidder,  Cornelius  E.  Parker,  Robert  A.  Seaver,  Daniel  W.  Rol 
lins,  Eben  II .  Nutting,  Alanson  W.  Barney,  William  G.  Burke, 
Daniel  W.  Knox,  John  Lovett,  Byron  Putnam,  William  E.  Robin 
son,  Chauncey  Smith. 

COMPANY  D. 

Charles  O.  Jennison. 

COMPANY  E. 

Frank  B.  Hutchinson,  Cyrus  H.  Hubbard,  Charles  H.  Reed, 
Stephen  Kendrick,  Charles  Whiting,  Edward  O.  Hill,  Thomas  L. 
Newell,  Francis  W.  Parker,  Andrew  J.  Edgerly,  John  H.  Baker, 
Alvard  E.  Wilson,  Charles  M.  Whiting,  Robert  Hume,  Edwin 
Weathersfield,  Lyman  Wyman,  Charles  Brackett,  John  Malone, 
John  L.  Mack,  James  M.  Dickey,  John  Lynch,  Anson  E.  Hall, 
Frank  A.  Allen,  Edson  Wyman,  Horace  G.  Heath,  Woodbury  Wy 
man,  John  G.  Hutchinson,  Horatio  N.  Bickford,  George  F.  Davis, 
Charles  H.  Williams,  George  W.  Williams,  Frank  Matthews,  Oscar 
Perkins,  Orrin  Corrigan,  William  H.  Webster,  Charles  A.  Newton, 
Hermann  Greager,  Thomas  S.  Burns,  Emory  Wyman,  Michael 
Curdy,  Carleton  C.  Richardson,  William  K.  Cobb,  Henry  C.  Os- 
good,  John  P.  Smith,  Charles  A.  Newton,  John  G.  Hutchinson, 


352  MANCHESTER. 

Charles  H.  Allen,  William  H.  II.  Allen,  Francis  A.  Allen,  Eufus 
Bailey,  William  Bonner,  James  M.  Cummings,  Patrick  Castless, 
Isaac  K.  Colb}T,  Charles  A.  Cressey,  Owen  Corigen,  Joseph  P. 
Cressey,  Amos  Cressey,  George  E.  Dunell,  James  M.  Dickey,  jr., 
Daniel  Emery,  John  Fallon,  Alpheus  D.  Flag,  William  Gunneil, 
James  F.  Griffin,  George  II.  Harris,  William  Hagerty,  John  Ho- 
hert,  John  Ilackett,  William  B.  Hart,  Charles  H.  Lee,  John 
Lynch,  Charles  C.  Livingston,  Lewis  S.  Merrill,  James  Mockler, 
Harlan  E.  Page,  Levi  Putnam,  Thomas  P.  Philbrook,  Benjamin 
F.  Quimby,  Daniel  S.  Kussell,  Henry  K.  Richardson,  George  W. 
Robinson,  Larkin  Sargent,  John  Stewart,  Joseph  T.  Snow,  Benja 
min  Spaulding. 

COMPANY  F. 

William  Haskell,  Charles  L.  Brown,  James  Murphy. 
COMPANY.G. 

Peter  O'Brien,  Lyford  Hunt,  Michael  Shaunnessey,  Dennis 
Hines,  William  H.  Brooks,  James  M.  Fogg,  John  Gardner,  John 
E.  Gerry,  Charles  C.  Marsh,  John  Mullen,  Michael  Madden,  Dana 
Runels,"Dennis  Walsh,  William  Beede,  Edward  Fields,  Thomas  J. 
Galvin,  Patrick  Conway,  Amos  W.  Brown,  Morris  Foley,  Dennis 
Gile,  Zebina  Annis,  John  Smith,  Stephen  C.  Chapman,  Frank 
Buss,  Elbridge  Geary,  Patrick  Dowd,  Richard  Smith,  Charles  P. 
Gleason,  Peter  O'Brien,  Jerome  Blaisdell,  Francis  Cahill,  George 
A.  Runnels,  James  M.  Allen,  Michael  Brosnahan,  William  H. 
Brooks,  James  Merrow,  Frederick  D.  Wood,  Jeremiah  Spelan, 
George  II.  Stewart,  Charles  T.  Marden,  Patrick  Broderick,  Ter- 
reuce  Travvley,  William  Gunston,  Jeremiah  Kelleher,  John  Pick- 
ett,  Daniel  Sullivan,  William  Sullivan,  Cornelius  Sullivan,  Owen 
Tully,  Lawrence  Hern,  Michael  McIIugh,  John  Smith,  Richard 
Smith,  John  Frank,  Peter  Williamson,  William  II .  Thompson, 
Patrick  Broderick,  Almos  Gushing,  Patrick  Donnelly,  James  Don 
ovan,  Benjamin  F.  Fogg,  Edward  Field,  James  Ferry,  Thomas 
Follen,  Hiram  B.  Frost,  Louis  J.  Gillis,  James  Garman,  Dennis 
Hoynes,  John  Howard,  Cornelius  Kennedy,  Dennis  Keefe,  James 
Larkin,  John  O.  Mason,  Charles  C.  Marsh,  Patrick  McDonald, 
James  Melasky,  Charles  Marden,  Frank  Quiiin,  John  Quinn,  James 
Quinn,  Patrick  Quinn,  William  II.  Reynolds,  Michael  Reardon, 
Timothy  Reardon,  Martin  J.  Staunton,  Ashel  Stoddard,  Abraham 
S.  Sanborn,  John  Shea,  Dennis  Tehan,  Francis  B.  Willey,  Dennis 
Walch,  Clark  E.  Wilson,  John  Walch,  John  Murphy,  Owen  Tulley. 

COMPANY  H. 

William  Bonner,  Orren  Bush,  Daniel  II.  May,  Charles  II .  Bart- 
lett,  Samuel  D.  Marckrey,  Bartholomew  Maloney,  Curtis  R.  Hartly. 

COMPANY  I. 

George  W.  Stevens,  Ephraim  F.  Brigham,  Jonathan  P.  Nich 
ols,  John  H.  Powers,  Herman  Nichols,  Benjamin  K.  Quimby, 
Benjamin  H.  Smith,  Benjamin  W.  Smith,  Enoch  C.  Stevens. 


,;>..,.... 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  353 

COMPANY  K. 

Job  R.  Giles,  Harvey  M.  Weed,  Charles  L.  Batchelder,  Charles 
M.  Currier,  George  W.  Hackett,  Israel  N.  Gale,  Samuel  B.  Mace, 
James  Wyman,  Albert  G.  Ormsby,  Clinton  Farley,  John  F.  Davis, 
George  E.  Fitch,  John  Barry,  Benjamin  Welch,  Robert  Clayton, 
George  W.  Stevens,  Morris  C.  Wiggin,  Samuel  M.  Dole,  William 
H.  Sanborn,  Monroe  Stevens,  Joseph  Wallace,  Fernando  C.  Spauld- 
ing,  Benjamin  Hartshorn,  William  S.  Barker,  Joseph  W.  Bailey,  Al 
bert  Cass,  Edward  Dolton,  James  Fern,  Frank  A.  Garland,  Charles 

A.  Hackett,  Frederick  W.  Lougee,  Patrick  O'Connell,  Kelson  J. 
Pierce,  William   H.  Perkins,  Horace   J.  Parker,  William    Shever 
Horatio  H.  Stevens,  Henry  D.  Tompkins,  George  Wyman,  Joshua 

B.  Webster. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 
James  H.  German,  William  Hall,  William  A.  Viltman. 

FIFTH  REGIMENT. 

Samuel  G.  Langley,  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

COMPANY  A. 

Thomas  Brown,  John  Evans,  Charles  Taylor,  Alfred  Brown. 

COMPANY  B. 

George  Stanton,  Frank  Howard,  Thomas  Knight,  James  O'Con 
nell,  Alex.  Ross,  William  Hickman,  John  Myers. 

COMPANY  E. 

Walter  Summerfield,  George  E.  Houghton,  Oscar  E.  Carter, 
Cornelius  H.  Stone. 

COMPANY  F. 

George  B.  Jenness. 

COMPANY  G. 

Thomas  Smith. 

COMPANY  H. 

Warren  Clark,  Samuel  T.  Smith,  James  Stetson,  George  Brad 
ley,  Abram  Cameron,  Edward  Choppenger. 

COMPANY  I. 

George  Nichols. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Walter  Barnes,  Hila  Davis,  Thomas  Burns,  Thomas  B.  Langley. 


354  MANCHESTER. 

SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  A. 

Charles  White,  Charles  B.  Seavey. 

COMPANY  B. 

Charles  J.  Gardner,  Edward  R.  Baruett,  Charles  L.  Davenport, 
Allison  Towns. 

COMPANY  D. 

John  Fitch. 

COMPANY  K. 

Ti  Tison,  Owen  Kelley. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Lafayette  Pettingill. 

SEVENTH  REGIMENT. 

Joseph  C.  Abbott,  Lieutenant-Colonel;  William  W.  Brown, 
Surgeon  ;  Henry  Boynton,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

COMPANY  A. 

Nicholas  Gill,  Granville  P.  Mason,  Edward  May,  Virgil  H.  Gate, 
William  C.  Knowlton,  James  Williams,  Oliver  P.  Hanscom,  James 
Appleton,  Benjamin  F.  Clark,  John  S.  Merrill,  Granville  L.  Ful 
ler,  Henry  Burke,  John  Hobin,  Charles  H.  Hall,  William  R. 
Thompson,  Henry  S.  Benton. 

COMPANY  B. 
Charles  H.  Dwinnels,  Alfred  B.  Shemenway,  Henry  G.  Lowell. 

COMPANY  C. 
Robert  Rochester,  Charles  F.  G.  Ames,  Patrick  Crosby. 

COMPANY  D. 

Frank  Moore,  James  Collins,  John  Allen. 

COMPANY  E. 

Henry  F.  W.  Little,  George  F.  Robie,  Michael  Dean,  Charles 
G.  Pyee,  Henry  C.  Dickey,  Joseph  Blanchett,  Lewis  Ash,  George 
W.  Putnam,  Louis  Seymour,  Erlan  V.  Villingham,  Charles  H. 
Abbott. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  355 

COMPANY  F. 

Francis  M.  Kennison,  Thomas  Gilmore,  John  Harking. 

COMPANY  G. 
Walter  McDonald,  Patrick  O.  Day,  James  Doherty. 

COMPANY  I. 

James  McCarty,  Joseph  Freschl,  William  Smith,  Charles  Caine, 
John  O.  Silver,  Avery  Bixby,  John  G.  Markham,  Wesley  Glidden, 
Edwin  B.  Hodgeman,  Silas  L.  Darrah,  Charles  A.  Kowell,  John 
Hatch,  Calvin  Brown,  Adam  Going,  William  A.  Clifford,  Freder 
ick  G.  Merrill,  Elwin  Sturtevant,  John  Hennessey,  Newell  R. 
Bixby,  Benjamin  F.  Clark. 

COMPANY  K. 
Henry  Osborn,  James  A.  Hills,  Henry  T.  Bobbins. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 
Warren  E.  F.  Brown,  James  Spinnington,  William  Hall. 

EIGHTH  REGIMENT. 

Hawkes  Fearing,  jr.,  Colonel;  Charles  A.  Putney,  Quartermas 
ter. 

COMPANY  A. 

Robert  Jones,  James  Hurry,  James  S.  Monroe. 

COMPANY  B. 

Robert  Keefe,  Thomas  Harrison,  Frederick  Lunt,  Joseph  S.  Ab 
bott,  Charles  Mills,  James  Wilson,  John  Lawton,  Alonzo  W.  Flan 
ders,  William  Waugh. 

COMPANY  C. 

John  Bradley,  Joseph  Collins,  George  Darling,  William  H.  In- 

51  rah  am,  William  Moore,  Thomas  Rhodes,  John  Shairbartt,  Henry 
.  Warren,  Daniel  McCarty,  John  Collins,  Edward  M.  Cobb,  Gus- 
tavus  Olson,  Thomas  Connelly,  Cornelius  Healy,  jr.,  William  J. 
Gannon,  William  Jones,  Lawrence  Foley,  Edward  Boyle,  Michael 
Healey,  Dennis  O'Brien,  Thomas  Gannon,  Jeremiah  Driscoll, 
Thomas  Fitzgerald,  John  Harrington,  Daniel  Haggerty,  Patrick 
Kelley,  John  Smith,  Thomas  J.  Fitzgerald,  John  Milan,  Howard 
Judkins,  Timothy  Breen,  Thomas  Blake,  Patrick  Bohen,  James 
II.  Ballou,  James  Flynn,  Francis  Kelley,  John  Hullin,  James  T. 
Martin,  Peter  A.  IShedd,  Cornelius  Crowley,  John  Collins,  Michael 
Carney,  Patrick  Conner,  John  Delaney,  Peter  Doherty,  James 
Daley,  John  Dowd,  Patrick  Driscoll,  John  Fowler,  John  Flem- 


356  MANCHESTER. 

ming,  Morrice  Fitzgerald,  Thomas  Flaherty,  Thomas  Flyrm,  Mi 
chael  Fox,  John  Gibbons,  Patrick  Gleason,  John  Gallagher,  Ber 
nard  Gallagher,  Peter  Gaftrey,  Michael  Griffin,  John  Hartnett, 
Patrick  Harrington,  John  Howe,  Patrick  Heulihen,  James  Mc- 
Nally,  Timothy  McCarthy,  Hugh  McDermott,  John  McCarthy, 
Dennis  Murphy,  William  Mclntire,  Daniel  Mclntire,  Michael 
Murry,  James  Martin,  Patrick  Crosby,  Daniel  McMillen,  John 
Murphy,  James  II.  McDonald,  Edward  McCabe,  Timothy  Mahoney, 
Michael  Martin,  Hugh  Mclntire,  Daniel  MeNally,  William  O'Don- 
nell,  Michael  O'Neil,  Timothy  O'Conner,  Felix  O'Neil,  James 
Palmer,  Patrick  lieagan,  William  Shea.  Michael  Savage,  Martin 
Shea,  Michael  Sullivan,  Michael  Shea,  Patrick  Sullivan,  jr.,  Pat 
rick  Sullivan,  Joseph  St.  John,  Matthew  Taft,  John  Walsh,  Stephen 
Tobin. 

COMPANY  D. 

James  Miles,  Joseph  J.  Ladd,  Thomas  M.  Leavitt,  William  E. 
Hubbard,  Hiram  D.  Kidder,  John  II .  Austin,  Theodore  L.  Page, 
John  C.  Aldrich,  Francis  Gilbert,  John  II.  Knox.  Israel  J.  Lang- 
maid,  Barnabas  B.  Russell,  Daniel  Stevens,  Josiah  Limbury,  Carl 
Miller,  Charles  Meger,  Francis  Davenport,  Richard  J.  Holmes, 
Patrick  Sullivan,  Watson  D.  Bean,  Charles  Conway,  John  Gora, 
Rodolph  Hellieich,  Peter  Miller,  Daniel  Wyman,  William  McCann, 
James  Miles,  Curtis  Smith,  Jacob  F.  Chandler,  John  B.  Willard, 
John  H.  Austin,  John  C.  Aldrich,  George  Hope,  Joseph  A.  Spear, 
Samuel  Weston,  Thomas  M.  Leavitt. 

COMPANY  E. 

James  Higgins,  Benjamin  Schuyler,  James  Bruther,  Charles  J. 
Mace,  Charles  F.  Smith,  Walter  Yeasey,  Benjamin  F.  Philbrick, 
Thomas  H.  Rogers,  James  F.  W.  Fletcher,  William  E.  Brown, 
Nathan  H.  Pierce,  Sylvester  Clogston,  John  Dickey,  Charles  Ker- 
shann,  George  S.  Mclntire,  Thomas  A.  Plummer,  John  H.  Rob 
inson. 

COMPANY  F. 

Augustus  C.  Annis,  Cyrus  S.  Burpee,  Charles  E.  Rowe,  George 
F.  Dunbar,  John  F.  P.  Robie,  George  W.  Allen,  George  G.  Blake, 
Jerry  W.  Blye,  Elisha  T.  Quimby,  Charles  P.  Stevens,  Edwin  R. 
Stevens,  Ralph  Stone,  Daniel  Kirby,  John  Fogg,  Enos  Shehan, 
James  Linery,  John  Smith,  Augustus  C.  Ames,  Henry  H.  Dun- 
bar,  John  F.  P.  Raley,  James  Senter,  John  Burns. 

COMPANY  G. 

Charles  Cook,  Joseph  Crawford,  Charles  Davis,  Edward  B. 
Leonard,  John  Milan,  Thomas  G.  Fitzgerald,  Henry  Thompson, 
Jehiel  Thompson,  Marcus  M.  Currier,  Marcus  M.  Tuttle,  Robert 
N.  Colley,  Albert  A.  M.  L.  Young. 

COMPANY  H. 

George  Dunham,  Charles  Meyers,  F.  H.  Conner,  James  Sulli- 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  357 

van,  James  Hazzard,  Dennis  Lane,  John  Winahan,  Patrick  Man 
ning,  John  O'Brien,  Michael  Sullivan,  James  Lane,  Charles  Meier, 
John  Willett,  John  Williams,  Daniel  Nyhan,  Isaac  Allen,  Augus 
tus  Brull,  John  H.  Campbell,  Joseph  Campbell,  Thomas  P.  Crow- 
ley,  John  Crowley,  Manuel  Floris,  Joseph  Hamner.  James  Kelley, 
Patrick  McLaughlin,  William  Palmer,  Philip  Kay,  William  Strong, 
William  Towle,  Solomon  Vradenburgh,  Tobias  C.  Brummer,  John 
Connell,  Frederick  Gaitna,  Paul  Gray,  Samuel  Jones,  Peter  Miller, 
Harris  Stanley,  John  White,  John  Williams,  George  M.  Gilman. 

COMPANY  K. 

Dennis  F.  G.  Lyons,  Cornelius  Moriarty,  Francis  H.  Conner, 
Timothy  Rourke,  John  Kelleher,  Robert  Swiney,  Michael  O'Grady, 
Patrick  Dowd,  Jonathan  Hartshorn,  Bartholomew  Moriarty,  James 
Hazard,  Ezra  S.  Bartlett,  Patrick  Brosnahan,  Patrick  Burke,  Mi 
chael  Broderick,  Thomas  Brennan,  John  Casey,  Patrick  Cuddy, 
Daniel  Curran,  Michael  Corcoran,  Maurice  Devine,  Thomas  Do- 
herty,  Patrick  Desmond,  Samuel  E.  Emery,  Thomas  Fox,  Michael 
Farmington,  Michael  Finncan,  Charles  II.  Gorman,  John  Griffin, 
James  Hennesey,  John  Harriman,  Alfred  J.  Harriman,  Sylvester 
Harriman,  John~Harwood,  John  Holland,  Patrick  Kearin,  William 
Keafe,  Thomas  Kane,  Michael  Kenney,  Timothy  Kearin,  John 
Lattimer,  Joseph  Leafe,  James  Edwards,  George  Husted,  George 
Martin,  Thomas  Robinson,  Rowell  T.  Libby,  Charles  Williams, 
William  Gushe,  James  Hill,  James  McCormick,  John  Mullen,  Pat 
rick  Looney,  James  Meagher,  Thomas  Murphy,  Edward  Metti- 
mus,  Michael  Mahoney,  Michael  Mullen.  Dennis  McCarty,  Patrick 
Manning,  Eugene  Moriarty,  Patrick  McKean,  Cornelius  Moriarty, 
Dennis  McCarty,  William  D.  O'Conner,  Dennis  O'Sullivan,  John 
O'Brien,  Charles  (TConner.  Richard  Phelan,  John  F.  Pettingall, 
Patrick  Regan,  William  Rourke,  Elbridge  Reed,  William  Smyth, 
James  Sullivan,  John  Sullivan,  Michael  Sullivan,  John  Shea,  1st, 
John  Shea,  2d,  Patrick  Shea,  Philip  Shugree,  John  Thornton. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

George  M.  Gilman. 

NINTH  REGIMENT. 

William  A.  Webster,  Surgeon. 

COMPANY  A. 

Ira  S.  Abbott,  James  Murry,  Lewis  Meyers,  Joseph  T.  Morrill, 
Henry  F.  Jefts,  William  A.  McGarnet,  Lewis  T.  Mitchell,  Na 
thaniel  Webster,  Drew  A.  Sanborn,  George  W.  Randall. 

COMPANY  B. 

Warren  H.  Edmunds,  Joseph  H.  Wallace,  Joseph  E.  Hartshorn, 
Jeremiah  Carroll,  Lorenzo  B.  Gould,  Henry  N.  Howe,  Arthur  W. 
Caswell,  James  T.  Prescott,  Mathew  P.  Tennant,  Henry  N.  Wil- 
ley,  Frento  T.  Eastman,  James  H.  Shanley,  William  N.  Harnden. 


358  MANCHESTER. 

COMPANY  C. 

William  Welpley. 

COMPANY  D. 

John  E.  Mason,  George  G.  Armstrong. 

COMPANY  E. 

Henry  O.  Sargent,  Cyrus  B.  Norris,  Asa  Brown,  Amos  S.  Bean, 
William  C.  Flanders,  John  B.  Hoit,  F.  B.  Hackett,  Joseph  E. 
Provencher,  Enoch  O.  {Shepherd. 

COMPANY  F. 

Charles  P.  Welsh,  James  Kobston,  James  M.  Lathe,  William  A. 
Canfield,  Hiram  S.  Lathe,  Oliver  Buckminster,  Charles  A.  Cum- 
mings,  Charles  A.  Carlton,  Freeman  L.  Lathe,  Sylvester  J.  Hill, 
William  P.  Mason,  Augustine  M.  Westcott. 

COMPANY  G. 

John  Antles,  Henry  Edwards,  John  Smith. 

COMPANY  H. 
Mans  L.  Chase. 

COMPANY  I. 
Jacob  Krusa. 

COMPANY  K. 
James  Gordon. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 
Alonzo  L.  Day. 

TENTH  REGIMENT. 

Michael  T.  Donohoe,  Colonel;  John  Coughlin,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  Jesse  F.  Angell,  Major. 

COMPANY  A. 

Ichabod  S.  Bartlett,  Andrew  W.  Doe,  John  B.  Sargent,  Hiram 
S.  Barnes,  Alfred  G.  Simons,  William  H.  Allen,  Orrin  A.  Clough, 
James  B.  T.  Baker,  Warren  A.  Burrell,  Frazer  A.  Wasley,  Charles 
B.  Chapman,  Isaac  Quint,  Daniel  Atwood,  Charles  W.  Atwood, 
Miles  Aldrich,  Joseph  W.  Batchelder,  Warren  Batchelder,  Joseph 
Bailey,  Henry  A.  Bailey,  Daniel  S.  Butler,  Hiram  H.  Currier, 
Hiram  O.  Chase,  John  C.  Crowley,  Alfred  A.  Clough,  John  A. 
Cochrane,  George  W.  Conner,  George  A.  Clark,  Ira  P.  Emery, 
Nelson  C.  Fish,  Daniel  S.  Gihnan,  Elbridge  G.  Gammon,  Justin 
Hutchinson,  James  H.  Harris,  George  H.  Hall,  Dexter  L.  Hun- 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  359 

toon,  Horace  Holcomb,  James  S.  Hutchinson,  Henry  Hartley, 
Ebenezer  A.  Johnson,  Edwin  II.  Jones,  Morseley  W.  Kendricks, 
Charles  L.  Morrison,  George  W.  Newell,  John  Pondon,  Zara  Saw 
yer,  Septimus  Starks,  Daniel  F.  Stark,  Henry  M.  Sanborn,  An 
drew  J.  Wentworth,  Alfred  Wheeler,  John  C.  Worster,  Charles  C. 
Webster,  Benjamin  F.  Knowlton,  Tristram  Cilley,  Royal  Cheeley, 
Charles  W .  Smith,  Michael  Honberry,  William  K.  Stevens,  Al- 
brum  P.  Colby,  Charles  C.  Balch.  Charles  Bonnor,  Wilson  A. 
Bartlett,  Stillman  P.  Cannon,  George  Carlton,  John  Crosby,  Jere 
miah  Connor,  Israel  W.  Chase,  Joseph  Demarse,  Jeremiah  C. 
Allen,  Frank  Ilutchinson,  Thomas  Trumbull,  William  A.  Barrett. 

COMPANY  C. 

Michael  Doran,  John  W.  Davis,  Charles  E.  Strain,  William 
Doran,  Orrin  F.  Emerson,  Henry  Esmerie,  Patrick  F.  Fox, 
George  W.  Graves,  William  W.  Ilazelton,  William  W.  Hersey, 
William  Hulm,  Samuel  L.  Mitchell,  William  O.  Heath,  David 
Kisby,  George  B.  Lewis,  Charles  H.  Mayhew,  Joseph  O.  Melie, 
Delano  Prescott,  Joseph  Perkins,  David  A.  Quimby,  David  L. 
Ridle}',  Edwin  O.  Smith,  Patrick  Shegree,  Charles  E.  Sargent, 
Owen  Sullivan,  Martin  Toole,  Barnard  Untret,  William  W.  White, 
Henry  Walley,  Henry  O.  Merrill,  Albert  F.  Nelson,  Hanson  Tip- 
pett,  William  F.  Ordway,  John  Murphy,  Marshall  Hutchms,  Still 
man  B.  Ilazelton,  Joseph  R.  Ilazelton,  Charles  Johnson,  Jr., 
Charles  II.  Leonard,  Cornelius  W.  Strain. 

COMPANY  D. 

A.  O.  Ambody,  Daniel  B.  Abbott,  Andrew  Dunn,  Michael  Dai- 
ton,  Francis  Dubin,  Charles  W.  Foss,  Ruf'us  B.  Hall,  Edward 
Loverly,  John  A.  Mason,  George  W.  Madden,  Joseph  C.  Osgood, 
Joseph  Peno,  Zelotus  L.  Place,  Henry  L.  Quimby,  Moses  E. 
Quimby,  Thomas  B.  Quimby,  M.  E.  Raymond,  George  II.  Wy- 
man,  George  N.  Wheeler,  James  J.  Baldwin,  Isaac  Mitchell, 
James  Robinson,  John  Murphy,  Alex.  Campbell,  Charles  H. 
Gardner,  Michael  F.  Corcoran,  John  M.  Caswell. 

COMPANY  E. 
John  Martin. 

COMPANY  F. 

John  Bary,  Eldad  Butler,  Oliver  Burns,  James  Boyle,  Patrick 
Curran,  Wiggin  Connolly,  Jeremiah  Cochran,  Joseph  Clayton, 
Michael  Cochran,  Edmund  Duggan,  Michael  Donovan,  James  N. 
Drew,  Michael  Early,  Michael  P.  Flynn,  James  Flemmings, 
Thomas  Gogin,  Patrick  Gurry,  John  Horngan,  Michael  Handley, 
Timothy  Hedily,  James  R.  Jenkins,  Lawrence  Larkin,  John  San 
ders,  Hugh  McManus,  Thomas  Murphy,  Michael  Mara,  Patrick 
Navin,  John  O'Flynn,  David  O'Brien,  John  O'Brien,  William  W. 
Pinkham,  John  Parker,  John  Quinn,  John  Ryerden,  John  Sulli- 


360  MANCHESTER. 

van,  Charles  II.  Thompson,  Russell  Town,  Bernard  White,  William 
Wall,  John  Ward,  Joshua  Powers,  Michael  L.  G.  O'Brien,  John 
L.  O'Brien. 

COMPANY  G. 

William  Higgins,  Charles  W.  AVilley,  Argus  McGinniss,  William 
Johnson. 

COMPANY  II. 

George  W.  Chapman,  Uriah  II.  Foss,  Charles  II.  Hall,  Charles 
W.  Drew,  Washington  I.  Baker,  Henry  C.  Dickey,  David  H. 
Dickey,  Charles  J.  Esty,  James  P.  Gould,  David  M.  Glover,  Clin 
ton  C.  Hill,  George  T /Hastings,  Benjamin  F.  Harrington,  Albert 
Q.  Perry,  John  Kay,  Charles  W.  Wiley,  George  H.  Huhbard,  Fos 
ter  Kimball,  John  Ryan,  William  P.  Williams,  Stephen  M.  Baker. 

COMPANY  I. 

William  Ryan,  Thomas  Taylor,  Charles  Ward. 

COMPANY  K. 

John  Ahern,  David  Allen,  John  Bryson,  Fred  Conway,  Corne 
lius  Cary,  John  Cole,  James  Crombie,  Patrick  Devine,  William 
Devan,  John  Doherty,  Patrick  Fowler,  Richard  Gallagher,  John 
Garvey,  Timothy  Harrington,  Daniel  D.  Healey,  James  Healey, 
Henry  Hayes,  Michael  Mahoney  John  Martin,  Patrick  *  J'Brien, 
Patrick  Paine,  William  H.  Percival,  Charles  Plunkett,  Jeremiah 
D.  Sheehan,  Thomas  Solon,  2d,  Dennis  Sullivan,  Michael  Sullivan, 
Timothy  Tehan,  James  Thompson,  Patrick  Welsh,  Roger  S heady, 
William  Hastings,  Jeremiah  Deedy,  James  Duffee,  Patrick  Early, 
Dennis  Fenton,  Thomas  Jones,  Thomas  Kelley,  James  Kenning- 
ton,  Patrick  Lavan,  Peter  H.  Lee,  Daniel  Lof'tis,  Patrick  McCarty, 
William  Miller,  William  Mulligan,  Thomas  Murry,  Hugh  Murphy, 
Charles  -II.  Hodgdon,  James  Anderson,  Francis  Madden,  John 
Driggs,  John  Kelley,  Patrick  Doyle,  James  Madden. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

William  F.  McPherson,  Sullivan  B.  Abbott,  David  Reed,  John 
Connor,  James  Burns. 

ELEVENTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  C. 

Jeremiah  D.  Lyford,  Andrew  J.  Frye,  John  F.  Clarke,  Edward 
C.  Emerson,  Charles  F.  Johnson,  Ezra  13.  Glines,  Enoch  r.  Farn- 
ham,  Albert  F.  Sargent,  George  E.  Dudley,  Loammi  Searles,  Lu- 
cien  S.  Buckland,  Charles  W.  Baker,  William  W.  Fish,  True  O. 
Furnald,  Lyman  AV.  Griffin,  Humphrey  M.  Glines,  Alexander 
Hutchinson,  Israel  Henno,  James  W.  Resslar,  Levi  B.  Lewis, 
John  B.  Marsh,  Charles  Milieu,  John  L.  F.  Phelps,  G.  A.  W. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  361 

Barker,  Moses  Richardson,  Benjamin  Stevens,  Luther  M.  Smith, 
Luther  G.  V.  Smith,  Gilman  M.  Smith,  Daniel  R.  Woodbury,  Ira 
Gardner  Wilkins,  Frank  W.  Page,  Ira  E.  Wright,  Edward  Adams, 
Joseph  B.  Clark,  Hollis  O.  Dudley,  Oliver  Williams. 

COMPANY  D. 

John  White,  John  Smith. 

COMPANY  E. 

Caleb  J.  Kimball,  William  O.  Stevens,  Daniel  Whitney,  Charles 
II.  Tufts,  Joseph  Cross,  William  Dickermari,  Amos  B.  Shattuck. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Charles  LeGranger,  William  Barton,  Joseph  Martin,  James 
Arnold,  John  White,  Joseph  Kerr,  Michael  Quinn,  Westley  Ches 
ter,  Peter  Robinson. 

TWELFTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  A. 

Martin  Davis,  Joseph  Sharp,  Charles  Bowers,  Jacob  McCor- 
mick,  John  McGraw,  Alex  Conchard. 

COMPANY  B. 
Henry  J.  Lindner,  John  Smith,  Henry  Thomas,  Albert  Mumford. 

COMPANY  C. 

James  H.  Gordon.  Nathan  E.  Hopkins,  Philip  Levi,  Raphel 
Reimaun. 

COMPANY  D. 

William  Weldon,  Robert  Hill,  Charles  Mardinan,  Henrick  Fisher. 
James  Agnew,  Ira  Taylor,  Charles  A.  Heath,  John  McConnell, 
George  A  Hand,  Hans  Anderson,  Solomon  Sweeney. 

COMPANY  F. 

Robert  Barnard,  John  Howard,  Hibbard  Nolan,  Lorenzo  D. 
Watson. 

COMPANY  G. 

Philip  Warren,  Andrew  Floyd.  William  J.  Wallace,  Thomas 
Dalton,  Edward  Brown. 

COMPANY  I. 

Charles  Lawrence,  Henry  Killan,  Frank  Wilson,  Joseph  Martin, 
Martin  Oswald,  Patrick  Me  Carty,  Thomas  Hornsby,  Charles  Wil 
liams. 

23 


362  MANCHESTER. 

COMPANY  K. 
Henry  Carr. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

James  Cooper,  William  Sutton.  George  Forrest,  Julius  Lyford, 
James  C.  Dempey,  George  Parker,  James  Lane,  Victor  Bauman, 
Hiram  C.  Hohler. 

FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  C. 
John  R.  Green. 

COMPANY  L>. 
John  N.  Bruce,  Silas  R.  Wallace,  Stephen  M.  Wilson. 

COMPANY  UNKNOWN. 

Patrick  Clark,  Alex  Danvers,  Lewis  Norrop,  Michael  O'Brien, 
John  Shibin,  William  Warren,  James  A.  Bumford. 

FIFTEENTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  E. 

Henry  S.  Perry,  Michael  Abbotton,  George  W.  Brown,  Joseph 
K.  Hazelton,  Charles  H.  Martin,  Ervin  D.  Tobie. 

SIXTEENTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  G. 
S.  F.  McQuestion. 

EIGHTEENTH  REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  F. 

Solomon  Towns,  Gustavus  B.  Wells,  Charles  Way,  Peter  Bully, 
Benjamin  Chandler,  Mathew  Burns,  John  Duffy,  James  Davis, 
Henry  Morton,  William  Ferguson,  John  Garrett,  Joseph  Jenno, 
Joseph  Granther,  Timothy  Jacobs,  Patrick  Keller,  John  Johnson, 
Francis  W.  Kennison,  Joseph  Lesherville,  Arvil  Lemarche,  Scott 
McGuire,  John  McCarty,  Thomas  Reynolds,  Patrick  Lowery, 
James  Lewis,  William  Masterson,  Alden  Oliver. 

COMPANY  H. 

Jackson  C.  Bickford,  John  J.  Ryan,  Adilon  E.  Port,  Edwin 
Mulligan,  Michael  P.  Mulligan,  Peter  Locke. 

COMPANY  I. 

M.  Thomas  H.  McGuire,  David  Magoon,  Edward  W.  Cowan, 
Nathaniel  A.  Tuttle.  Albert  T.  Bowers,  Charles  W.  Bills,  Augus- 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  363 

tus  B.  Corey,  Benjamin  C.  Cook,  George  B.  Jackson,  Thomas  S. 
Knowles,  Robert  J.  MeFarland,  Charles  H.  Lee,  Owen  Evans, 
Barney  Flynn,  George  H.  Howe,  John  McFee,  Patrick  Mack, 
James  Smith,  William  II.  Plummer,  John  F.  Rounds,  Zachariah 
B.  Stewart,  Amasa  J.  Pervier,  Patrick  Sullivan,  Charles  Wilson. 
George  T.  White. 

COMPANY  K. 

Horace  Pickard,  Miles  J.  Colby,  Peter  Robinson,  John  A.  Lind 
say,  Walter  A.  Green,  Patrick  Prcscott.  Edward  X.  Tuttle, 
Edward  K.  White,  John  Copp,  Jeremiah  Sheehan,  George  C. 
Moore. 

NEW  ENGLAND  CAVALRY. 

David  B.  Nelson,  Major;  George  T.  Cram,  Adjutant;  Arnold 
Wyman,  First  Lieutenant. 

TROOP  K. 

Joseph  Austin,  John  A.  Jones,  Henry  G.  Ayer,  Thomas 
Bouguge,  Jonathan  B.  Chapman,  Jason  'N.  Childs,  John  G. 
Chubbs,  George  E.  Clark,  Matthew  N.  Colby,  Charles  R.  Dun 
ham,  Emerson  A.  Dunham,  James  D.  Gage,  George  Hanchett, 
William  H.  Hart,  William  Holton,  James  W.  Jeimess.  Philip 
Jones,  Charles  S.  Kidder,  Richard  A.  Lawrence,  Hugh  Mills, 
Henry  E.  Newton,  Charles  L.  Prescott,  John  G.  Page,  William 
H.  Palmer,  Francis  H.  Phillips,  Moody  Quimby,  Hiram  Stearns. 
Lewis  E.  Taplin,  Charles  H.  Wilson,  David  F.  Wilson. 

TROOP  M. 

George  W.  Berry,  Eugene  Bowman,  John  Francis  Colby, 
Minor  Hawks,  Henry  P.  Hubbard,  Nathan  P.  Kidder,  Cyrus  Litcli- 
field,  William  C.  PoVers,  Arthur  W.  Russell,  Albert  P.  Tasker, 
Ebenezer  Wilson. 

FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  CAVALRY. 

TROOP  A. 
David  A.  Connor. 

TROOP  B. 
Benjamin  F.  Philbrick. 

TROOP  C. 
John  Farrell. 

TROOP  D. 
Joshua  Voce. 

TROOP  E. 
Andrew  J.  Roberts. 


364  MANCHESTER. 

TROOP  F. 

William  II.  Griffin,  James  H.  Robinson,  John  C.  Colburn, 
Charles  F.  Elliott. 

TROOP  G. 

Edward  F.  Brown,  John  Baird,  Emerson  A.  Dunham,  Henry 
H.  Aldrich,  James  N.  Bean,  Charles  A.  Brown. 

TROOP  H. 

William  A.  Piper,  William  A.  Kelley,  Edwin  R.  Packard,  Jew- 
ett  W.  Perry. 

TROOP  I. 
William  II.  Palmer. 

TROOP  K. 

James  D.  Gage,  John  G.  Page,  Charles  L  Prescott,  Hugh  Mills, 
Charles  M.  Jason,  James  II .  French,  Jonathan  B.  Chapman, 
Warren  Forsaith,  William  H.  Hart,  Jason  N.  Child s,  Moody 
Quimby,  D.  F.  Wilson. 

TROOP  M. 

Henry  B.  Hubbard,  Enoch  Lovell,  Charles  8.  Kidder,  John  F. 
Colby,  James  H.  Parks,  Gustavus  H.  Best,  William  C.  Powers. 

TROOP  UNKNOWN. 

Andrew  Hill,  Thomas  Daley,  Daniel  Lannigan,  John  O'Hara, 
Joseph  Randolph,  George  E.  Spaulding,  Thomas  A.  Collins,  Hugh 
R.  Richardson,  Allen  W.  Bonney,  Henry  F.  Hopkins,  Abbott  K. 
Clough,  Henry  J.  Webster,  Daniel  Doyle,  Joseph  Jackson,  Rich 
ard  Tobine,  Louis  Rumann,  George  Atkins. 

HEAVY  ARTILLERY. 

COMPANY  A. 

Jonah  S.  Kennison,  Henry  Porquet,  Albert  P.  Young. 

COMPANY  B. 

James  Collins,  jr.,  Edward  A.  Young. 

COMPANY  C. 

Charles  W.  Wingate,  George  J.  Hunt,  Heber  C.  Griffin,  Willard 
Buckminster,  Charles  P.  Green,  Levi  H.  Sleeper,  jr.,  William  A. 
Gilmore,  Albert  F.  Quimby,  Alonzo  Day,  James  M.  Quimby, 
William  S.  Parsons,  Edson  Sullivan,  John  S.  Allen,  Elbridge  G. 
Baker,  James  A.  Baker,  Andrew  M.  Backer,  James  O'Brien, 
Charles  D.  Buntin,  George  B.  Boutelle,  William  E.  Boutelle, 
Francis  Brown,  Marston  L.  Brown,  Willard  S.  Baker,  Charles 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  865 

Bean,  George  W.  Brown,  George  Conet,  Charles  H.  Cole,  Stanford 
H.  Chase,  John  J.  Crockett,  David  B.  Dickey,  James  M.  Dickey, 
Warren  H.  Day,  John  H.  Day,  Reuben  Dodge,  William  E.  Den- 
ney,  John  G.  Durarit,  Charles  F.  Dockum,  Henry  T.  Foss,  William 
E-.  Forsaith,  Warren  Green,  John  S.  Gamble,  Elbridge  Gerry, 
Madison  Gerry,  Edwin  G.  Howe,  Sullivan  D.  Hill,  George  How 
ard,  William  Hurlin,  Michael  Harris,  Charles  II.  Hodgeman,  Low 
ell  S.  Hartshorn,  Newton  Hollis,  Ezekiel  Hall,  WestleyE.  Holt, 
Joshua  R.  Hastings,  Mauley  W.  Jenkins,  Joseph  Kelley,  George 
W.  Knight,  Ormond  D.  Kimball,  Oscar  E.  Leonis,  Charles  II. 
Martin,  Nathaniel  II.  Metcalf,  George  E.  Mayhew,  William  F. 
Moore,  Bradley  Merrill,  Henry  C.  Morris,  George  W.  Nichols, 
Hezekiah  H.  Morse,  Benjamin  K.  Barker,  Christopher  Barker, 
Orrin  F.  Pillsbury,  Henry  M.  Pillsbury,  Chester  L.  Page,  Fred 
erick  Payne,  Moses  O.  Pearson,  Albert  B.  Robinson,  Horace  L. 
Richardson,  Edwin  J.  Ross,  Dennis  W.  Reardeau,  Noah  W.  Ran 
dall,  Everett  Stevens,  William  W.  Sweatt,  David  A.  Wilson, 
George  W.  Sawyer,  Robert  Stewart,  Andrew  W.  Stoton,  George 
W.  Taylor,  Edward  W.  Tillotson,  Joseph  E.  Walker,  James  M. 
Wallace,  Sullivan  B.  Wallace,  Nahum  A.  Webster,  Charles  F. 
Whittemore.  Nathan  B.  White,  Daniel  A.  Wells,  John  W.  Willey, 
William  Q.  Young,  Francis  York,  James  O.  Chandler,  James  R. 
Carr,  James  G.  Burns. 

COMPANY  F. 
James  P.  Gallison. 

COMPANY  K. 

David  P.  Stevens,  George  C.  Houghton,  Alfred  Howard,  George 
H.  Ames,  Franklin  A.  Brackett,  Herbert  W.  Churchill,  William 
Fisk,  Albert  F.  Goodhue,  Frank  L.  Gilman,  Charles  E.  Green, 
John  Grammo,  Leander  E.  Hall,  Charles  A.  Hall,  Charles  H. 
Haddock,  George  A.  Palmer,  Lewis  J.  Smith,  George  E.  Swain, 
Sylvester  S.  Walsh,  Charles  L.  Bailey,  Edward  J.  Wing,  John  E. 
Johnson . 

COMPANY  L. 

Walter  Smith,  Sedley  A.  Loud,  Peter  Burns,  Pierre  Michoa, 
Oliver  Jepson,  James  Maloney,  Henry  A\r.  Twombly,  Horace  G. 
Kimball. 

COMPANY  M. 

John  W.  Dickey,  George  K.  Dakin,  Ezra  D.  Cilley,  Elijah  E. 
French,  John  R.  Bean,  Ephraim  Fisk,  John  L.  Sargent,  Charles 
W.  Boyd,  George  T.  Bean,  Philander  Hopkins,  Alfre'd  R.  Crosby, 
William  G.  Cutler,  Clark  S.  George,  Albert  T.  Hamblett,  James 
W.  Learned,  George  A.  Shepard,  Gustavus  Soule,  Nathan  B.  Til- 
ton,  Ira  P.  Twitchell,  Thomas  Welch,  Charles  E.  Young,  Henry 
W.  Clark,  Horace  H.  Bundy,  Charles  Clark,  Charles  M.  Dinsmore, 
Washington  L.  Gray,  Henry  R.  Noyes,  Orrin  S.  Silloway,  Charles 
L.  Taylor,  Asa  P.  'Wright.  Henry  Bennett,  Frank  L.  Edmunds. 


366  MANCHESTER. 

Edward  M.  Dakin,  George  Applebue,  Joseph  Comfort,  Alfred 
Comfort,  John  McCauley,  Orlando  Proctor,  Ezra  1ST.  Norris, 
James  Richards,  John  Rating,  Daniel  Davis,  Henry  Blair,  George 

A.  Martin,  Benj.  B.  Bunker. 

VETERAN  RESERVE  CORPS. 

Albert  Blood.  James  Byles,  Jeremiah  Connor,  James  N.  Cum- 
mings,  Patrick  Dowell,  Jerome  C.  Davis,  F.  E.  Demeritt,  Henry 

B.  Eastman,  Davis  Emery,  Harvey  Hill,  William  H.  Kriowlton, 
Andrew  Currier,  Michael  Powers,  John  L.  Collins,  John  Brown, 
William  W.  Eastman,  Stephen  O.  Gould,  Thomas  G.  Gould,  Pat 
rick    Haullihan,   Joseph  B.    Marble,  William    Murry,    Henry  C. 
Faye,  William  E.  llobinson,  William   Smith,  John  Smith,  Enoch 

E.  Stevens,  Charles  Stewart,  George  W.  Varnum,  J.  A.  Sargent, 
Franklin  ft.  Tucker,  Patrick  Welsh,  Cyrus  S.  Burpee,  Hiram  G. 
Gove. 

MARTIN  GUARDS. 

Edward  Wing,  Edward  P.  Kimball,  John  C.  Permock,  Sydney 

F.  Sanborn,  Wiggin  T.  Abbott,  Howard  P.  Smith,  Joseph  P.  Frye, 
Charles  P.  Gilbert,  Lewis  J.  Smith,  George  W.  Davis,  Charles  H. 
Bradford,  Dennis  A.  Burbank,  Frank  A.  Brackett,  Charles  W. 
Dimick,  Henry  Eaton,  William  Fisher,  Austin  G.  French,  George 
W.  Farnham,  Alfred  T.  Goodhue,  Charles  J.  Goodwin,  Frank  L. 
(rilman,  Horace  P   Page,  Charles  W.  Gardner,  Charles  E.  Green, 
Alfred  Howard,    Charles   Hadlock,   Charles  Hall,   L.  A     Hyatt, 
Leander  Hall,  Martin  A.  Hoff,  Clinton  Jones,  Frank  C.  Jewett, 
Marshall  Keith,  John  Leighton,  Charles  H.  Moulton,  Matthew 
Morrow,  Charles  E.   Morse,  Ira  S.  Osgood,  John  H.    Prescott, 
George  A.  Palmer,  David  P.  Stevens,  Myrick  E.  Smith,  George 
E.  Swain,  Benj.  T.  Sherburn,  Sylvester  S.  Walsh,  Charles  Wee- 
man,  Elbridge  Wasson. 

NATIONAL  GUARDS. 

Edwas  A.  Hasman,  John  C.  Hardy,  George  E.  Kennison,  Wil 
liam  O.  Ladd,  William  H.  Lord,  Albert  B.  Morrison,  Henry  C. 
Norris,  Charles  Putnam,  John  E.  Bicker,  Frank  H.  Becmeld, 
George  H.  Bay,  Charles  A.  Smith,  Charles  H.  Stevens,  George  W. 
Swinborne,  Nathaniel  A.  Tuttle,  Alonzo  F.  Warren,  Charles  F. 
Whittemore,  Frank  M.  Boutelle,  Aldano  Neal,  Edward  M.  Tillot- 
son,  William  E.  Boutelle,  Charles  C.  Hilton,  George  F.  Kelley, 
George  J.  Hunt,  \Villiam  Buckminster,  Charles  P.  Green,  Orrin 
N.  B.  Stokes,  Madison  Gerry,  George  Canfield,  Emery  W.  Alex 
ander,  Andrew  Armstrong,  Leroy  S.  Batchelder,  Elihu  B.  Baker, 
George  W.  Ballon,  James  Buckminster,  Charles  B.  Bradley,  An 
drew  M.  Bowker,  George  Boutelle,  Albert  F.  Barr,  John  S.  Cor 
liss,  Marcus  M.  Currier,  Stanford  H.  Chase,  Charles  J.  Chase, 
Alex.  Cooper,  Benj.  Keally,  John  Carney,  William  E.  Dunbar. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  367 

Levi  W.  Dodge,  Edward  W.  Dakin,  Frank  L.  Edwards,  Frank 
W.  Favour,  Heber  C.  Griffin,  George  A.  Gordon,  Daniel  W.  Gould, 
Charles  George,  Henry  T.  Goodhue,  Newton  Hollis,  Khodes  Han- 
don. 

FIRST  LIGHT  BATTERY. 

George  A.  Gerrish,  John  Wadleigh,  Henry  F.  Condict,  Lyman 
W.  Bean,  Robert  Burns,  David  Morgan,  Joseph  T.  Durgin,  Ira  P. 
Fellows,  Howard  M.  Farrar,  John  L.  Fish,  George  E.Fairbanks, 
Jerry  E.  Gladden,  John  H.  Goodwin,  William  H.  Goodwin, 
George  W.  Griswold,  Clark  S.  Gordon,  Eben  Gove,  Adams  Gow- 
ing,  Simon  B.  Hill,  John  D.  Hall,  Albert  T.  Hamlett,  Wesley  E. 
Holt,  Cleaves  W.  Hopkins,  Greely  W.  Hastings,  James  A.  Johns 
ton,  William  B.  Kenney,  Daniel  P.  Ladd,  Dudley  P.  Ladd,  LeRoy 
McQuesten,  Thomas  W.  Morrill,  Horace  P.  Marshall,  Charles  W. 
Offutt,  Christopher  C.  Perry,  Henry  C.  Parker,  Charles  Peoples, 
George  W.  Parrott,  William  D.  Perkins,  Henry  C.  Patrick,  Daniel 
M.  Peavey,  Thomas  Randlett,  Henry  S.  Rowell,  Francis  Reeves, 
Charles  H.  Shephard,  Alexander  Simpson,  Henry  A.  Sloan,  Gus- 
tavus  Soule,  John  L.  Sargent,  Albert  C.  Stearns,  Leander  G.  Syl 
vester,  Frank  Senter,  Edwin  R.  Sias,  Nathan  B.  Tilton,  Frank  W. 
Taber,  William  B.  Underbill,  Samuel  J.  Whittier,  George  K. 
Dakin,  Edwin  H.  Hobbs,  Ephraim  Fisk,  Gilman  Stearns,  Ezra  D. 
Cilley,  John  K.  Piper,  Orrin  Taber,  William  W.  Roberts,  Alonzo 
M.  Caswell,  Samuel  S.  Piper,  William  N.  Chamberlin,  Henry  A. 
Campbell,  Samuel  Cooper,  Irving  S.  Palmer,  Frank  E.  Demeritt, 
Ambrose  Ingham,  Alexander  A.  Brown,  Daniel  Kelley,  Charles  E. 
French,  John  Carling,  George  W.  Varnum,  Hilliard  L.  Eaton, 
Philander  Hopkins,  George  E.  Glines,  William  L.  Babbett,  Mar 
cus  H.  Bundy,  Elisha  H.  Burrill,  Charles  W.  Boyd,  LeRoy  T. 
Bean,  Edwin  1ST.  Baker,  James  M.  Buswell,  William  H.  Black 
burn,  Henry  E.  Bond,  Henry  Baker,  Robert  Crowther,  James 
Carr,  William  Carr,  William  G.  Cutler,  Henry  W.  Clarke,  Kit- 
tridge  J.  Collins,  Homer  Canfield,  Thomas  C.  Cheney,  Charles  P. 
Cox,  James  P.  Carpenter,  Frederick  J.  Croning,  Durrill  S.  Crock 
ett,  Chauncy  C.  Dickey,  John  W.  Dickey,  John  Drown,  Charles  A. 
Doe,  Martin  V.  B.  Day,  Thomas  Welch,  Luther  E.  Wallace, 
Thomas  J.  Whittle,  Frederick  S.  Worthen,  Morrill  N.  Young, 
Charles  E.  Young,  D.  Washington  Grey,  Albert  R.  Holbrook, 
Charles  Pearson,  Charles  J.  Rand,  Isaac  L.  Roberts,  Orrin  S.  Sil- 
loway,  Charles  L.  Taber,  Sylvester  F.  Webster,  Charles  Wenz, 
James  F.  Sargent,  William  G.  Custer,  Walter  Cutler,  Alfred  R. 
Crosby. 

FIRST  REGIMENT  U.  S.  SHARP-SHOOTERS. 

COMPANY  E. 
Levi  H.  Leet. 


868  MANCHESTER. 

SECOND  REGIMENT  U.  S.  SHARP-SHOOTERS. 
COMPANY  G. 

Abner  D.  Colby,  Henry  A.  Colby,  Elijah  Hanson,  Jonathan  S. 
Johnson,  Charles  W.  Stevens. 

NAVY. 

James  Hayes,  George  E.  Ashton,  John  M.  Custalow,  Peter 
Dowel,  Walter  Lee,  James  Smith. 

MARINES. 

Michael  Kane. 

BATTERY  B  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

Charles  J.  Anderson. 

FIRST  ARMY  CORPS. 

Dennis  F.  G.  Lyons. 

THIRTEENTH  NEW  YORK  ARTILLERY. 

Henry  Boyd. 

FIRST  REGIMENT  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

Joseph  H.  Knowlton. 

REGIMENT  UNKNOWN. 

Albert  Miller,  John  Reilley,  Daniel  Thornton,  Alexander  Fra- 
zier,  John  Jefferman,  Joseph  Hart,  John  Riley,  John  Thompson, 
Amos  R.  Witham,  Emile  Keller,  James  Brown,  Timothy  Hallisey. 
James  Anderson,  Albert  Burns,  William  R.  Clement,  George  Car 
penter,  William  H.Goodwin,  John  McPherson,  Thomas  "Smith, 
Thomas  Whelston,  Alfred  Mixsan,  Charles  Brock  way,  Jesse  F. 
Williams,  James  White,  Henry  Wood,  William  Homer,  William 
H.  Jackson,  James  Lynch,  Thomas  Powell,  John  Pender,  Samuel 
Siegel,  James  Sullivan,  James  Smith,  James  S.  Williams,  John 
Murphy,  James  McCanney,  William  E.  Stearns,  James  A.  H. 
Grant,  James  M.  Mayhew,  John  Kerin,  John  Smith,  John  Milano, 
John  Richards,  Jerome  Yates,  Solomon  Leaks,  Joseph  Bess, 
George  H.  Judson,  Charles  Dorsey,  John  H.  Johnson,  Isaac  Wil 
liams,  Samuel  Urbine,  Thomas  Meade,  William  H.  Daggs,  Pruy 
Gilveatt,  Frank  Thompson,  James  Casley,  James  Sullivan,  James 
W.  Brown,  James  Boyles,  George  Branson,  Pasqual  Canard,  John 
Brown,  David  Dudley,  James  Gordon,  Frank  L.  Oilman,  Charles 
C.  Webster,  Charles  L.  Davenport. 


THE  MANCHESTER  SOLDIERS.  369 

FIELD,  STAFF  AND  LINE  OFFICERS. 


BEIGADIEE-GENEEALS. 
Joseph  C.  Abbott,  Michael  T.  Donohoe. 

COLONELS. 

Thomas  P.  Pierce,  Edward  L.  Bailey,  James  W.  Carr,  Hawkes 
Fearing,  jr.,  John  Coughlin. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 
Samuel  G.  Langley,  Francis  W.  Parker. 

MA  JOES. 
Thomas  Connolly,  Jesse  F.  Angell,  David  B.  Nelson. 

ADJUTANTS. 
Alvah  II.  Libby,  Joseph  J.  Donohoe. 

CHAPLAINS. 
Henry  Hill,  Silas  F.  Dean. 

SUEGEONS. 

William  W.  Brown,  Sylvanus  Bunton,  William  A.  Webster. 
John  Ferguson. 

ASSISTANT  SUEGEONS. 
George  W.  Manter,  William  G.  Stark,  James  P.  Walker. 

QU  AETEEM  A  STEES . 

Eichard  N.  Batchelder,  John  E.  Hynes,  Charles  A.  Putney, 
Foster  Kimball. 

CAPTAINS. 

John  L.  Kelly,  Hollis  O.  Dudley,  Varnum  H.  Hill,  Eufus  F. 
Clark,  Euthven  W.  Houghton,  John  Kirwin,  Eobert  H.  Allen, 
Eoger  W.  Woodbury,  William  H.  Maxwell,  Charles  A.  White, 
Eobert  C.  Dow,  James  A.  Hubbard,  James  H.  Platt,  George  W. 
Huckins,  Thompson  S.  Newell,  William  W.  Mayne,  Granville  P. 
Mason,  William  C.  Knowlton,  George  F.  McCabe,  Charles  Cain, 
Frank  Eobie,  Joseph  Freschl,  Warren  E.  F.  Brown,  William  J. 
Gunnon,  Cornelius  Healey,  Joseph  J.  Ladd,  Nathan  H.  Pierce, 
James  Kelliher,  Asa  T.  Hutchinson,  John  E.  Mason,  John  M. 
Carswell,  Laurence  F.  Larkin,  Thomas  C.  Trumbull,  Michael  F. 
Corcoran,  John  B.  Sargent,  Cornelius  W.  Strain,  John  L.  O'Brien, 


370  MANCHESTER. 

George  H.  Hubbard,  Patrick  Doyle,  James  Madden,  Joseph  B. 
Clark,  Amos  B.  Shattuck,  Ira  G.  Wilkins,  John  N.  Bruce,  William 
E.  Stearns,  George  T.  Cram,  George  A.  Gerrish,  George  K.  Da- 
kin,  James  O.  Chandler,  George  C.  Houghton,  John  E.  Johnson, 
Abner  D.  Colby. 

FIRST   LIEUTENANTS. 

Martin  V.  B.  Richardson,  Dustin  Marshall,  Michael  J.  Connolly, 
Walter  Colby,  William  E.  Hamnett,  Walter  J.  Richards,  Prank 
L.  Morrill,  Frank  C.  Wasley,  David  M.  Perkins,  Charles  A. 
McGlaughlin,  Alvah  S.  Wiggin,  Oscar  A.  Moar,  Patrick  K.  Dowd, 
Charles  O.  Jennison,  Andrew  J.  Edgerly,  Benjamin  P.  Pogg, 
Daniel  Gile,  Charles  M.  Currier,  Virgil  H.  Cate,  Clement  P.  S. 
Ames,  Lawrence  Foley,  William  E.  Hubbard,  Henry  G.  Gushing, 
James  Miles,  Robert  Swiney,  Michael  O'Grady,  Willard  K.  Hara- 
don,  Andrew  W.  Doe,  Michael  T.  H.  Maguire,  Charles  Johnson, 
Charles  H.  Gardner,  Alfred  G.  Simons,  Jeremiah  D.  Lyford,  Ira 
G.  Wilkins,  Edwin  H.  Hobbs,  Ezra  D.  Cilley,  James  R.  Carr, 
James  G.  Burns,  Charles  L.  Bailey,  Ephraim  Pisk,  William  N. 
Chamberlin. 

SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

Charles  Vickery,  Charles  L.  Brown,  Robert  A.  Seavey,  Frank 
B.  Hutchinson,  William  Jones,  James  F.  W.  Fletcher,  Cyrus  S. 
Burpee,  Charles  E..  Rowe,  Henry  O.  Sargent,  Cornelius  Donohoe, 
Alonzo  L.  Day,  Ichabod  S.  Bartlett,  Thorndike  P.  Heath,  Edward 
K.  White,  John  K.  Piper,  Orrin  Taber,  John  R.  Bean,  Moses  O. 
Pearson,  Reuben  Dodge,  H.  A.  Lawrence,  Edward  J.  Wing, 
Thomas  J.  Whittle. 


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RESIDENCES. 


MONG  these  pages  will  be  found  engravings  of  some 
of  the  finest  dwellings  in  the  city  and  the  follow- 
ing  descriptions  not  improperly  accompany  them. 

THE  RESIDENCE  OF    THE  HON.  FREDERICK  SMYTH. 

Ex-Governor  Smyth's  house  is  finely  situated  on  rising 
ground  just  east  of  Amoskeag  Falls,  on  the  spot  where  the 
Pennacooks  lived  when  the  Merrimack  swarmed  with  fish 
and  the  Indians  came  to  the  Falls  to  catch  them.  The 
grounds  contain  about  ten  acres  and  include  the  site  of  a 
former  Indian  village,  where  many  interesting  relics  of  the 
aboriginal  dwellers  have  been  exhumed.  On  the  eastern 
side  runs  Elm  street  and  on  the  western  the  River  road, 
while  North  street  and  Salmon  street  form,  respectively, 
the  northern  and  southern  boundaries. 

The  house,  which  is  built  of  brick  with  granite  trim 
mings,  two  stories  high  with  a  French  roof  surmounted  by 
a  tower,  was  begun  in  1867  and  finished  in  1873.  It  was 
designed  by  Gov.  Smyth  and  his  wife  and  built  from  plans 
by  Bryant  &  Rogers  of  Boston.  It  is  a  spacious  and  con 
venient  dwelling,  with  walnut  wainscotings  and  marble 
thresholds.  The  rooms  in  the  second  story  are  finished 
each  with  a  different  kind  of  native  wood  and  the  ceilings 
are  frescoed  to  correspond.  The  windows  command  a  view 
of  the  Merrimack  for  a  mile  up  and  down,  the  mills,  the 
falls,  the  bridge  and  islands,  and  from  them  can  be  seen 


372  MANCHESTER. 

the  whole  city,  the  towns  across  the  river,  Joe  English  hill, 
the  Uncanoonucs  and  the  Francestown  range  of  mountains. 

THE  RESIDENCE  OF  COL.  WATERMAN  SMITH. 

Col.  Smith's  house  was  built  in  1873  and  is  situated  in  a 
most  conspicuous  and  healthful  location  on  the  summit  of 
Wilson  hill,  which  rises  to  the  east  of  the  city  proper. 
The  first  floor  is  one  hundred  and  eighty-six  feet  above  the 
level  of  Elm  street,  about  the  height  of  the  tallest  church 
steeples.  It  was  built  of  wood  from  plans  by  W.  H.  Myers 
of  this  city  and  painted  in  two  shades  to  represent  the 
colors  of  dressed  and  undressed  granite.  The  house  is 
modeled  after  an  Italian  villa,  is  three  stories  high,  over 
topped  by  a  tower,  and  is  made  with  large  rooms,  wide 
halls  and  stairways.  The  prospect  from  its  windows  is 
fine,  including  a  view  of  the  towns  to  the  east  and  south, 
the  city  spread  out  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  with  the  river  on 
its  farther  edge  and  the  hills  beyond  in  Goffstown  and 
Francestown.  The  grounds  contain  twelve  acres  and  are 
gradually  taking  on  an  appearance  of  much  beauty. 

THE  RESIDENCE  OF  COL.  B.  F.  MARTIN. 

Col.  Martin's  house,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Elm  and 
Brook  streets,  standing  in  grounds  which  contain  an  acre 
and  are  kept  in  admirable  order,  was  substantially  rebuilt 
in  1865  in  accordance  with  designs  by  George  Harding  of 
Boston.  It  is  a  wooden  house,  two  stories  high,  French- 
roofed,  handsomely  slated  and  surmounted  by  a  tower. 
The  inside  is  beautiful  and  convenient,  arranged  with  much 
taste.  It  is  situated  on  the  main  avenue  of  travel  and  yet 
removed  from  the  noise  and  bustle  of  that  section  of  it 
where  business  is  carried  on.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  some  of 
the  finest  houses  in  the  city  and  suffers  little  by  comparison 
with  them. 


REPRESENTATIVE   MEN. 


HE  following  classes  of  persons,  as  representatives 
of  Manchester's  industry  and  life,  were  invited  to 
place  their  portraits  within  these  pages :  the  mem 
bers  of  congress,  attorney-generals  of  the  state,  mayors, 
clerks  and  treasurers  of  the  city,  judges  of  courts,  presi 
dents  and  cashiers  of  banks,  agents  of  the  large  corpora 
tions,  prominent  manufacturers,  commanders  of  the  Amos- 
keag  Veterans ;  and,  in  addition,  two  members  of  the  med 
ical,  one  of  the  ministerial  and  one  of  the  legal  profession, 
whose  prominence  in  the  city's  history  entitled  them  to 
such  recognition.  Brief  sketches  follow  of  those  who  are 
represented  by  their  portraits. 

COL.    PHINEHAS    ADAMS. 

Phinehas  Adams  was  born  in  Medway,  Mass.,  June  20, 
1814,  and  is  thus  about  sixty-one  years  old.  He  is  the 
son  of  Phinehas  and  Sarah  W.  (Barber)  Adams.  He  was 
one  of  a  family  of  eleven,  four  sons  and  seven  daughters, 
of  whom  but  three  besides  himself  survive — Sarah  A.,  the 
wife  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Hammond  of  Nashua,  Mary  J.,  the  widow 
of  the  late  James  Buncher,  and  Eliza  P.,  the  widow  of  the 
late  Ira  Stone,  both  of  Manchester.  His  father  was  a  man 
ufacturer  and  started  the  first  power-loom  in  this  country 
at  Waltham,  Mass.,  in  the  year  of  Mr.  Adams's  birth.  His 
father  moved  to  Waltham,  when  he  was  but  a  few  years  old, 
then  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  subsequently  to  Nashua, 


374  MANCHESTER. 

N.  H.,  where  he  kept  hotels,  and  at  length  to  Walpole, 
Mass.,  where  he  became  the  agent  of  a  mill  of  which  Dr. 
Oliver  Dean  and  others,  as  well  as  himself,  were  owners. 
Mr.  Adams  learned  manufacturing  with  his  father  in  his 
early  years  and  then  went  to  the  academy  at  Wrentham, 
Mass.  While  he  was  there  his  father  became  financially 
embarrassed  and  in  1829,  when  he  was  a  little  over 
fifteen  years  old,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  school  and  go  to 
work  in  the  Merrimack  Manufacturing  Company's  mills  at 
Lowell,  Mass.,  and  soon  rose  to  be  overseer.  In  Decem 
ber,  1833,  he  went  to  Hooksett,  N.  H.,  to  be  an  overseer  in 
the  Hooksett  Manufacturing  Company's  mills  of  which  his 
father  was  then  agent.  Not  long  afterwards  he  became  an 
overseer  in  mills  of  the  Pittsfield  Manufacturing  Company 
at  Pittsfield,  N.  H.,  and  then  returned  to  his  former  place 
at  Lowell.  In  five  years  from  the  time  he  first  went  there 
he  was  promoted  to  be  a  clerk  in  the  counting-room  and 
left  Lowell  finally  in  December,  1846,  and  succeeded  Wil 
liam  P.  Newell  as  agent  of  the  old  mills  of  the  Amoskeag 
Manufacturing  Company  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  at 
Amoskeag  Falls.  In  November,  1847,  he  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  Stark  Mills,  which  position  he  has  ever  since 
held. 

Mr.  Adams  was  a  director  in  the  Merrimack  River  Bank 
from  1857  to  1860,  a  director  in  the  Manchester  Bank  from 
1864  till  it  ceased  to  do  business  ;  and  has  been  a  trustee 
in  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  from  1846  till  the  present 
time  and  a  director  in  the  Manchester  National  Bank  since 
it  began  business  in  1865.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the 
New  England  Cotton  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  was 
one  of  the  Presidential  electors  from  New  Hampshire  in 
1872.  He  acquired  the  title  of  colonel  by  service  as  the 
chief  of  Gov.  Straw's  staff  in  1872  and  1873. 

Col.  Adams  married,  September  24, 1839,  Miss  Elizabeth 
P.  Simpson  of  Deerfield,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  has  had  two 


CHARLES  E.  BALCH.  375 

children,  who  are  now  living — Elizabeth,  wife  of  Daniel 
C.  Gould  of  this  city,  paymaster  at  the  Stark  mills,  and 
Phinehas,  jr.,  in  partnership  with  E.  C.  Bigelow  of  Boston 
in  the  cotton  business. 

Mr.  Adams  is  a  man  whose  life  is  based  upon  the  high 
est  ideas  of  right  and  wrong.  Extremely  conscientious,  of 
the  strictest  integrity,  he  has  a  character  beyond  all  question. 
Kindly  and  affable,  of  remarkable  generosity,  he  is  highly 
respected  by  all  his  fellow-citizens  and  his  personal  popu 
larity  would  have  ensured  his  election  to  any  office  in  their 
gift,  if  he  could  have  been  induced  to  accept  it. 

CHARLES    E.    BALCH. 

Charles  Edward  Balch  was  born  March  17,  1834,  at 
Francestown,  N.  H.,  and  is  the  son  of  Mason  and  Hannah 
(Holt)  Balch.  There  were,  besides  himself,  a  half-brother 
and  half-sister,  of  whom  the  former,  Mason  H.  Balch,  sur 
vives  and  is  living  upon  the  homestead.  His  father  was  a 
farmer  and  his  education  was  acquired  at  the  district 
school  and  at  Francestown  Academy.  In  the  spring  of 
1852  he  entered  the  dry  goods  store  of  Otis  Barton  &  Com 
pany  of  Manchester  as  book-keeper,  in  which  position  he  re 
mained  two  years  when  he  became  clerk  in  the  Manchester 
Bank  and  Manchester  Savings  Bank.  When  the  former  was 
succeeded  by  the  Manchester  National  Bank  in  1865,  Mr. 
Balch  was  elected  its  cashier,  which  position  he  now  fills. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank,  having 
been  elected  in  1862,  and  a  member  of  its  investing  commit 
tee.  He  is  also  a  director  and  one  of  the  finance  commit 
tee  of  the  New  Hampshire  Fire  Insurance  Company  and 
treasurer  of  the  Gas-Light  Company.  Mr.  Balch  married, 
July  30, 1867,  Miss  Erneline  R.  Brooks,  of  Bath,  Me.,  daugh 
ter  of  the  Rev.  N.  Brooks,  now  of  this  city. 

Mr.  Balch  is  a  cautious,  prudent  man,  an  excellent  finan- 


376  MANCHESTER. 

cier,  with  a  mind  naturally  capable  and  sharpened  by  ex 
perience  and  trained  to  view  things  from  a  financial  stand 
point.  He  has  always  shrunk  from  public  life  and  refused 
political  honors,  but  enjoys  to  a  very  high  degree  the  con 
fidence  of  the  public  in  the  responsible  position  which  he 
holds.  He  combines  the  attributes  of  a  courteous  gentle 
man  with  a  punctilious  regard  for  the  proprieties  of  life. 

THE    HON.    CHARLES    H.    BARTLETT. 

Charles  Henry  Bartlett  was  born  in  Sunapee,  N.  H.,  Oc 
tober  15,  1833,  and  is  thus  between  forty-one  and  forty-two 
years  of  age.  He  is  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  J.  (San- 
born)  Bartlett.  He  had  four  brothers  and  three  sisters,  of 
whom  all  but  one  sister  survive.  Joseph  S.  resides  in 
Claremont ;  Solomon,  John  Z.,  George  H.,  Mrs.  John  Felch, 
Mrs.  Thomas  P.  Smith,  in  Sunapee.  He  was  educated  at 
the  academies  in  Washington  and  New  London,  this  state, 
and  then  began  the  study  of  law  with  Gov.  Metcalf  at  New 
port.  He  studied  subsequently  with  George  &  Foster  at 
Concord  and  Morrison  &  Stanley  at  Manchester,  being  ad 
mitted  from  the  office  of  the  latter  to  the  bar  of  Hillsbor- 
ough  county  in  1858.  In  that  year  he  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Wentworth,  N.  H.,  and  in  1863  came 
to  this  city,  where  he  has  since  practiced,  from  1866  till 
1868  in  company  with  the  late  James  U.  Parker  and  the 
remaining  time  alone. 

He  was  clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire  senate  from  1861 
to  1865,  Gov.  Smyth's  private  secretary  in  1865  and  1866, 
treasurer  of  the  state  reform  school  in  1866  and  1867. 
In  June,  1867,  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  United  States 
district  court  in  New  Hampshire,  which  position  he  now 
holds.  In  the  same  year  he  was  unanimously  elected  city 
solicitor  but  declined  a  re-election  and  in  1872  was  elected, 
as  the  nominee  of  the  Republican  party,  mayor  of  the  city, 


'~ 

/C 


'y& 


JOSEPH  E.  BENNETT.  377 

and  served  till  February  18,  1873,  when  he  resigned  in  ac 
cordance  with  the  policy  of  the  national  government  at 
that  time  which  forbade  United  States  officials  from  hold 
ing  offices  in  the  gift  of  states  or  towns.  His  last  official 
act  as  mayor  was  to  order  the  city  treasurer  to  pay  the 
amount  due  him  for  salary  to  the  Firemen's  Relief  Associ- 
ciation.  Mr.  Bartiett  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Merrimaek 
River  Savings  Bank  from  1865  to  the  present  time  and  a 
trustee  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank  from  its  begining  in 
1874.  He  was  the  Master  of  Washington  Lodge  of  Free 
Masons  from  April,  1872,  to  April,  1874,  and  now  holds 
the  position  of  United  States  commissioner,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  in  May,  1872. 

Mr.  Bartiett  married,  December  8,  1858,  at  Sunapee, 
Miss  Hannah  M.  Eastman  of  Croydon,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he 
has  one  daughter  —  Carrie  B.  Bartiett. 

Mr.  Bartiett  has  a  keen,  well  balanced  mind,  whose  fac 
ulties  are  always  at  his  command.  He  thinks  readily,  but 
acts  cautiously  and  seldom  makes  a  mistake.  Hence  he 
has  teen  financially  successful  in  almost  everything  he  has 
undertaken.  He  is  one  of  the  most  practical  lawyers  in 
the  state  and  was  for  several  years  in  charge  of  the  law 
department  of  the  Mirror,  giving  general  satisfaction,  and 
his  withdrawal,  when  his  business  compelled  it,  was  a 
source  of  much  regret  to  the  readers  of  that  paper. 

JOSEPH    E.    BENNETT. 

Joseph  Everett  Bennett  was  born  in  New  Boston,  N.  H., 
August  9,  1817.  He  is  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Hannah 
Bennett,  and  is  the  third  child  in  a  family  of  seven  sons 
and  four  daughters.  Of  these,  Stephen  M.,  John  J., 
and  Salome,  the  widow  of  the  late  Joseph  Battles,  reside 
in  Manchester,  and  Jacob,  Andrew  J.,  and  Hannah,  the 
widow  of  the  late  Joel  Wilkins,  live  in  New  Boston.  His 

24 


378  MANCHESTER. 

father  was  a  builder,  and  he  began,  when  eleven  years  old, 
to  learn  the  mason's  trade,  and  afterwards  worked  as  a 
journeyman  in  Peterborough,  Lowell  and  other  places. 

He  spent  two  terms  at  Francestown  Academy  under  the 
instruction  of  the  late  Benjamin  F.  Wallace,  afterwards 
principal  of  the  Piscataquog  Village  Academy  in  this  city, 
and  taught  a  district-school  in  the  same  town  one  winter. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  became  a  pupil  at  New 
Hampton  Institution,  in  this  state,  and,  graduating  there  in 
1838,  entered  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University, 
at  Waterville,  Me.,  the  same  year.  He  continued  there 
through  Freshman  and  Sophomore  years,  spent  the  next 
twelvemonths  in  teaching,  at  Searsmont,  Me.,  and  then  en 
tered  Yale  College  as  a  Junior,  graduating  there  in  the 
class  of  1843. 

The  succeeding  fall  and  winter  he  taught  at  Searsmont, 
was  elected  school  committee  during  his  residence  there, 
and  came  to  Manchester  in  the  spring  of  1844  to  work  for 
J.  T.  P.  Hunt,  with  whom  he  had  become  acquainted  while 
at  work  in  Lowell  and  who  was  then  building  mills  for  the 
Amoskeag  Company.  He  worked  for  Mr.  Hunt  till  1847 
and  then  became  foreman  for  J.  F.  Andrews  of  Nashua, 
continuing  in  his  employ  the  greater  part  of  the  time  till 
1860.  During  this  time  he  assisted  in  the  rebuilding  of 
the  state-house  at  Montpelier,  Vt.,  and  in  the  construction 
of  the  passenger-station  and  freight-house  at  Manchester, 
mills  at  Manchester,  Southbridge,  Mass.,  and  other  places, 
and  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  at  Boston. 
During  this  time  he  retained  his  residence  in  Manchester, 
and  he  spent  his  winters  in  teaching  in  Maine,  and  at  New 
Boston  and  Manchester,  in  this  state,  having  been  master 
of  the  schools  at  Piscataquog  village,  Hallsville  and  Web 
ster's  mills,  and  the  North  and  South  grammar  schools. 

In  1860,  leaving  the  employ  of  Mr.  Andrews,  he  re 
turned  to  Manchester  and  went  to  work  for  himself,  being 


JOSEPH  E.  BENNETT.  379 

in  company  one  year  with  his  brother,  John  J.  Bennett, 
and  two  years  with  Lyman  Fellows  of  Concord.  In  1865 
he  was  elected  city  clerk  and  has  occupied  that  position 
ever  since.  He  has  been  selectman  and  ward-clerk  of  old 
ward  five,  has  been  either  assessor  or  clerk  of  the  board  of 
assessors  seventeen  years  at  different  times,  was  elected  by 
the  Democrats  alderman  from  ward  five  in  1849,  and,  as  a 
Free-soiler,  was  chosen  representative  to  the  general  court 
in  1851  and  1852.  He  represented  ward  five  in  the  school 
committee  in  1852  and  1857.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Am- 
oskeag  Savings  Bank,  having  been  elected  in  1868.  Mr. 
Bennett  is  a  prominent  Free  Mason,  was  Master  of  Lafay 
ette  Lodge  in  1865  and  1866,  High  Priest  of  Mount  Horeb 
Royal  Arch  Chapter  in  1870  and  1871  and  has  been  for  a 
long  time  Recorder  of  Trinity  Commandry.  He  has  been 
always  prominent  in  connection  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  and  society  and  did  his  part  in  the  building  of  their 
new  house  of  worship.  In  March,  1845,  he  married  Miss 
Susan  Dyer  of  Searsmont,  Me.,  by  whom  he  had  three  chil 
dren,  none  of  whom  survive. 

The  long  time  during  which  Mr.  Bennett  has  held  the 
responsible  position  of  city  clerk  is  a  proof  of  the  confi 
dence  the  public  reposes  in  him.  Many  efforts  have  been 
made  to  regulate  this  office  by  the  rule  of  rotation  while  he 
lias  held  it,  but  they  have  all  failed,  chiefly  because  no 
incoming  mayor  who  was  new  to  the  office  felt  as  if  he 
could  do  without  his  valuable  services  and  those  who  had 
already  been  mayor  appreciated  them  too  highly  to  be 
willing  to  be  without  them.  He  sees  things  clearly  and 
from  a  practical  point  of  view  and  his  honesty  is  unques 
tioned.  He  is  a  man  of  independent  notions  and  from 
his  position  exerts  a  good  deal  of  influence  upon  the  city 
government. 


380  MANCHESTER. 

ARETAS  BLOOD. 

Aretas  Blood  was  born  October  8, 1816,  at  Weathersfield, 
Vt.  He  is  the  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Roxcellana  (Proctor) 
Blood,  and  one  of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  two  daughters, 
of  whom  but  two  sons  besides  himself  survive  —  Benja 
min  Franklin  and  Sewell,  resident  in  Waltham,  Mass. 
When  three  years  of  age,  he  moved  with  his  father  to 
Windsor,  Vt.  There,  going  to  school  two  months  in  the 
year  till  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  he  was  apprenticed 
to  the  blacksmith's  trade,  worked  at  it  two  years  and  a 
half  and  then  became  a  machinist.  He  left  Windsor  in 
the  fall  of  1840  and  went  to  Evansville,  Ind.,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade  a  year,  till  June  17,  1841.  Then  he 
started  eastward,  stopping  at  all  the  cities  on  the  way  in 
search  of  employment,  but  finding  none  till  he  came  to  the 
town  of  North  Chelmsford,  Mass. 

Remaining  there  about  a  year,  he  went  home  to  Windsor 
in  July,  1842,  and  staid  there  till  October.  Then  he  went 
to  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  worked  seven  years  in  the  machine- 
shop,  and  thence  to  Lawrence,  where  he  began  the  man 
ufacture  of  machinists'  tools  for  the  large  machine-shop 
then  in  process  of  erection  there.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  the  shop  itself  and  made  by  contract  ma 
chinery  of  all  kinds,  tools,  turbine  wheels,  locomotive  and 
stationary  engines,  etc.  September  7,  1853,  he  came  to 
this  city  to  establish  works  for  the  building  of  locomotives 
and  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Bayley,  Blood  &  Com 
pany,  who  were  first  located  in  Mechanics'  Row  and  made 
there  their  first  stationary  engine,  which  they  have  still 
in  use.  The  concern  was  first  called  the  Vulcan  Works, 
but  new  buildings  were  built  in  the  spring  of  1854  upon 
the  present  location  of  the  works,  the  manufacture  of  loco 
motive  engines  was  begun  in  the  fall  and  the  firm  was  in 
corporated  that  year  under  the  name  of  the  Manchester 


DR.  WILLIAM  W.  BROWN.  381 

Locomotive  Works.  Oliver  W.  Bay  ley  then  became  the 
company's  agent,  but  was  succeeded  in  1857  by  Mr.  Blood, 
who  has  ever  since  resided  in  Manchester  and  given  his 
personal  attention  to  the  business. 

Mr.  Blood  was  a  director  of  the  Merrimack  River  Bank 
from  1860  till  its  name  was  changed  in  1865  to  that  of  the 
First  National  Bank  and  from  that  time  till  1868  a  director 
of  the  latter.  He  has  been  since  1874  a  director  of  the 
Manchester  National  Bank. 

He  married  in  Lowell,  September  4,  1845,  Miss  L.  K. 
Kendall,  by  whom  he  has  two  children — Nora,  the  wife  of 
Frank  P.  Carpenter  of  this  city,  and  Emma,  who  resides 
at  home. 

Mr.  Blood  has  proved  one  of  the  most  successful  build 
ers  of  locomotive  engines  in  the  country,  and  his  success 
has  been  no  accident.  Bred  a  machinist,  he  understands  a 
locomotive  thoroughly  and  knows  how  it  should  be  made 
in  every  part.  Sharp  and  keen  in  business,  he  never  takes 
undue  risks.  Like  Gen.  Grant,  whom  he  is  said  to  resem 
ble  in  looks,  he  is  able  to  manage  large  numbers  of  men 
with  ease.  Hence  the  pecuniary  success  of  the  establish 
ment  he  represents.  A  self-made,  self-relying  man,  he 
sees  clearly  from  the  begin  ing  the  result  at  which  he  aims 
and  has  the  mental  power  and  executive  ability  to  attain 
it.  A  very  high-minded  man,  unexceptionable  in  private 
life,  his  word  is  as  good  as  his  bond  and  the  latter  is  as 
good  as  that  of  any  man  in  the  state. 

DR.    WILLIAM    W.    BROWN. 

William  Whittier  Brown  was  born  in  Vershire,  Vt., 
August  28, 1805,  the  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Mary  (Whittier) 
Brown.  He  was  the  third  of  nine  children,  of  whom  one 
brother — Jonathan,  of  Eden,  Vt.,  — and  two  sisters  —  one 
the  widow  of  the  late  Alvah  Avery  of  Corinth,  Vt.,  and  the 


382  MANCHESTER. 

other  the  widow  of  the  late  Rev.  Nathaniel  L.  Chase  of 
this  city — survive.  He  acquired  his  education  at  the  acade 
mies  in  Bradford  and  "Randolph,  Vt.,  and  in  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
and  began  in  1828  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  John 
Poole  at  Bradford.  Pie  attended  lectures  at  Hanover,  N.  H., 
and  graduated  from  the  New  Hampshire  Medical  Institu 
tion  of  that  place  in  1830.  He  at  once  began  practice  at 
Poplin,  now  Fremont,  this  state,  and  remained  there  till 
1835,  when  he  removed  to  Chester  where  lie  acquired  an 
extensive  business  during  his  ten  years'  practice.  At  one 
time  he  practiced  in  Boscawen,  N.  H. 

In  1846  lie  removed  to  this  city,  where  he  kept  his  resi 
dence  till  his  death.  He  spent  one  year,  including  parts 
of  1849  and  1850,  in  California,  where  he  acquired  some 
property.  He  was  appointed,  October  19,  1861,  surgeon 
of  the  Seventh  New  Hampshire  regiment  and  served  till 
the  autumn  of  1864,  when  want  of  health  compelled  his 
resignation.  He  was  appointed  pension-surgeon  but  re 
signed  on  account  of  the  small  fees  allowed.  He  died 
in  this  city  January  6,  1874,  of  pneumonia.  He  was  five 
times  married  and  had  seven  children  but  was  only  sur 
vived  by  his  last  wife. 

Dr.  Brown  received  from  Dartmouth  College  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Medical  Society  in  1836  and  was  its  pres 
ident  in  1869,  while  at  the  time  of  his  death  there  were 
but  two  members  who  had  been  longer  connected  with  the 
society.  He  was  a  director  of  the  Merrimack  River  Bank 
from  1869  till  it  was  succeeded  in  1865  by  the  First  Na 
tional  Bank  and  was  a  director  of  the  latter  from  that  time 
and  a  trustee  of  the  Merrimack  River  Savings  Bank  from 
1873  till  his  decease.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Franklin- 
street  Congregational  church,  was  frequently  chosen  one 
of  the  officers  of  the  society  connected  with  it  and  was 
elected  its  president  in  1855,  1867  and  1868. 


THE  HON.  DAVID  A.  BUNTON.  383 

Dr.  Brown  was  a  man  of  clear  and  practical  mind  and 
combined  a  strong  love  for  the  profession  he  followed  with 
an  intense  application  to  it.  In  fact,  he  was  never  idle, 
was  never  seen  at  places  where  time  could  be  lost,  but  was 
always  to  be  found  at  his  home  or  office,  attending  his  pa 
tients  or  at  some  religious  meeting  or  literary  entertain 
ment.  He  was  remarkably  fond  of  reading,  and,  besides 
making  himself  familiar  with  all  that  was  fresh  in  the  sci 
ence  of  medicine,  he  kept  pace  with  all  the  news  of  the 
day,  and  books  and  papers  were  his  constant  companions. 
Excelled  by  few,  if  any,  practitioners  in  the  state,  he  had  a 
very  large  business  and  always  commanded  the  respect  of 
the  public  wherever  he  was. 

THE    HON.    DAVID    A.    BUNTON. 

David  Augustus  Bunton  was  born,  October  18,  1805,  at 
Goffstown  Centre,  N.  H,  He  is  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Lavinia  (Holden)  Bunton,  and  the  third  in  a  family  of  five 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Of  these  survive  Lavinia,  the 
widow  of  Robert  Richards,  of  Bristol,  P.  Q.,  Sarah  Jane, 
the  widow  of  John  Gilchrist  of  Goffstown,  Jesse,  of  Mil 
ton,  Mass.,  Dr.  Sylvanus,  formerly  of  this  city  and  now  of 
Mont  Yernon,  and  William,  now  residing  in  Boston.  He 
comes  of  an  old  New  Hampshire  family,  his  grandfather 
having  been  carried  captive  from  Allenstown  to  Quebec  by 
the  Indians  in  1746.  When  the  Revolutionary  War  broke 
out,  he  enlisted  among  the  first,  was  at  the  battle  of  Bun 
ker  Hill,  and  was  killed  at  White  Plains  in  1776.  Mr. 
Bunton  acquired  a  common-school  education  in  Goffstown, 
taught  two  winters  at  the  "  east  village  "  in  the  same  place, 
and  was  employed  by  his  father  in  tanning  and  currying 
hides  till  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

Then  he  went  to  Massachusetts  and  was  employed  in 
several  places  in  quarrying  and  cutting  stone,  working  two 


384  MANCHESTER. 

years  upon  the  Bunker  Hill  monument  and  also  upon  the 
United  States  arsenal  at  Augusta,  Me.  Returning  to  Goffs- 
town  in  1831,  he  built  a  saw-mill  and  grist-mill  upon  the 
Piscataquog  river  at  Gofifstown  Centre,  where  P.  C.  Cheney 
&  Company's  paper-mill  now  stands.  He  operated  these 
mills  and  also  kept  a  store  for  a  time. 

Mr.  Bunton  had  already  been  employed  by  Dr.  Oliver 
Dean,  one  of  the  capitalists  who  conceived  the  idea  of 
building  the  city  of  Manchester  upon  the  Merrimack,  to  do 
some  stone-work  for  him,  and  in  the  fall  of  1836  Dr.  Dean 
confided  to  him  the  plans  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  in 
regard  to  the  acquisition  of  territory  and  the  erection  of 
mills  and  engaged  him  to  work  for  the  Company.  He 
agreed,  and  in  January,  1887,  moved  to  Manchester,  his 
being  nearly  the  first  family  in  town.  From  that  time  till 
1846  or  1847  he  remained  in  the  Company's  employ  and 
built  for  it  by  contract,  among  other  things,  the  first 
stone  dam  at  Amoskeag  Falls,  the  dam  at  Hooksett,  the 
extension  of  the  canals,  the  foundation  of  the  first  mills 
for  the  Manchester  corporation,  boarding-houses,  etc. 

He  left  the  Company's  employ  when  it  ceased  to  do 
work  by  contract,  and  in  1849  was  appointed  superintend 
ent  of  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  then  just  be 
ginning  business,  having  been  employed  before  and  after  in 
negotiations  with  landholders  upon  the  route.  He  resigned 
the  office  of  superintendent  after  a  few  months  and  was 
elected  a  director,  a  place  he  had  vacated  to  become  super 
intendent,  and  continued  in  that  position  till  about  1860. 
For  about  five  years  after  he  left  the  Company  he  was  en- 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  with  George  W.  Adams, 
now  of  the  firm  of  Adams  &  Lamprey.  For  some  time 
afterwards  he  was  busied  in  selling  wild  lands  in  Coos 
county,  where  he  had  an  interest  in  thousands  of  acres. 
About  1858  he  became  interested  in  the  Manchester  Iron 
Company  which  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  scales 


THE  HON.  DAVID  A.  BUNTON.  385 

in  the  lower  part  of  the  city.  This  failed  some  years  after 
wards  and  he  was  employed  in  settling  its  affairs.  In  com 
pany  with  the  late  Oilman  H.  Kimball  of  this  city,  he  was 
engaged  two  years  in  cutting  wood  and  lumber  in  Goffs- 
town.  In  1864  he  was  sent  out  to  Fredericksburg  by  Gov. 
Gilmore  to  administer  to  the  needs  of  the  soldiers  who  had 
been  wounded  in  Grant's  campaign  before  Richmond.  In 
1865  he  went  to  live  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  while  his  sons 
went  through  Harvard  College.  He  spent  six  years  there 
and  then  returned  to  Manchester  and  has  since  been  en 
gaged  in  stone-work. 

In  1842  Mr.  Bunton  was  elected  as  the  first  Whig  rep 
resentative  to  the  general  court  from  Manchester  and  was 
re-elected  in  1843.  He  was  elected  alderman  in  1847  and 
served  as  mayor  in  1861  and  1862,  being  elected  by  the  Re 
publican  party.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Manchester 
Bank  and  Manchester  National  Bank  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Manchester  Savings  Bank  ever  since  their  organization. 

Mr.  Bunton  married  in  1831  Eliza  Jane  Adams,  daughter 
of  John  Adams  of  Sutton,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  had  seven 
children,  of  whom  the  two  youngest — William  A.  and 
George  W.  —  are  living. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  Mr.  Bunton  played  a  very  import- 
tant  part  in  the  city  of  Manchester  in  its  early  years  and 
enjoyed  to  a  great  degree  the  confidence  of  the  corpora 
tions  and  finally  that  of  the  city,  having  been  twice  elected 
to  its  highest  office.  This  confidence  has  never  been  mis 
placed.  Honest,  liberal,  trusting  almost  to  a  fault,  his 
heart  is  always  in  every  good  word  and  work.  To  the 
young  men  of  the  city  he  has  been  of  especial  service,  aid 
ing  them  by  his  word,  by  the  use  of  his  name  and  by  per 
sonal  commendation. 


386  MANCHESTER. 

THE  HON.  G.  BYRON  CHANDLER. 

George  Byron  Chandler  was  born  November  18, 1832,  in 
Bedford,  N.  H.  He  is  the  son  of  Adam  and  Sally 
(McAllister)  Chandler  and  one  of  a  family  of  four  child 
ren,  three  sons  and  one  daughter,  of  whom  two  besides 
himself  survive — Henry,  of  the  firm  of  Plumer,  Chandler 
&  Company,  and  John  M.,  of  the  firm  of  John  M.  Chandler 
&  Company,  both  of  this -city.  He  acquired  an  education 
at  the  academies  in  Piscataquog  village,  Gilmanton,  Hop- 
kinton  and  Reed's  Ferry,  taught  school  two  seasons  in 
Bedford,  one  in  Amoskeag  village  and  one  in  Nashua 
and  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  till  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  spent  one  year, 
however,  as  a  civil  engineer  in  the  employ  of  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad. 

In  March,  1854,  he  came  to  this  city  and  became  a  book 
keeper  for  Kidder  &  Duncklee.  In  one  year  from  that 
time,  March,  1855,  he  was  appointed  teller  of  the  Amos 
keag  Bank  and  held  the  position  till  the  organization  of 
the  Amoskeag  National  Bank  in  1864,  when  he  was  chosen 
its  cashier  and  now  holds  that  position.  He  has  been  a 
long  while  cashier  of  the  Amoskeag  Savings  Bank  and  in 
1874,  upon  the  organization  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank, 
he  was  appointed  its  treasurer.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
old  Amoskeag  Bank  in  the  last  year  of  its  existence  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Amoskeag  Savings  Bank  from  1867  to  1870. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Blodget  Edge  Tool  Manufactur 
ing  Company  in  1861  and  since  1866  has  been  a  director 
of  the  Amoskeag  Axe  Company,  which  succeeded  it.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Manchester  and  Law 
rence  Railroad,  but  resigned  in  1872  to  become  its  treas 
urer.  He  was  elected,  as  the  nominee  of  the  Democratic 
party,  state  senator  in  1874. 

Mr.  Chandler  married,  in  1862,  Miss  Flora  A., — daugh- 


THE  HON.  P.  C.  CHENEY.  387 

ter  of  the  late  Hon.  Darwin  J.  Daniels,  once  mayor  of  the 
city, — who  died  in  May,  1868,  and  by  whom  he  had  one 
daughter  who  survived  her  mother  but  a  short  time.  For 
his  second  wife  he  married,  in  1870,  Miss  Fannie  R.,  daugh 
ter  of  Col.  B.  F.  Martin  of  this  city,  by  whom  he  has  one 
child — Benjamin  Martin. 

Mr.  Chandler  comes  of  a  fine  family  and  was  reared, 
under  the  best  of  home  influences,  to  habits  of  honesty  and 
accuracy.  His  father  and  mother  were  estimable  people, 
of  strong  minds  and  straightforward,  upright  lives.  The 
lofty  ideas  that  were  instilled  into  him  in  youth  he  has  never 
forgotten  and  his  integrity  has  never  been  questioned.  He 
has  had  the  handling  of  vast  sums  of  money  and  the  dif 
ferent  corporations  he  represents  have  entire  confidence  in 
his  honesty,  capacity  and  financial  shrewdness.  He  is  a 
liberal  man  and  good  citizen  and  but  once  has  he  turned 
aside  from  the  life  of  a  banker  to  enter  into  that  of  politics, 
and  then  only  for  a  short  time,  positively  refusing  a  second 
nomination  from  his  party  for  the  position  he  had  once  held. 

THE    HON.    P.    C.    CHENEY. 

Person  Colby  Cheney  was  born  in  Holderness,  N.  H., 
now  Ashland,  February  25,  1828.  He  is  the  son  of  Moses 
and  Abigail  (Morrison)  Cheney  and  was  one  of  a  family  of 
eleven,  five  sons  and  six  daughters.  Of  his  three  surviv 
ing  brothers,  one,  Dr.  0.  B.  Cheney,  is  the  president  of 
Bates  College  at  Lewiston,  Me. ;  another,  E.  H.  Cheney,  is 
the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Granite  State  Free  Press 
at  Lebanon,  N.  H.  ;  and  the  third,  Moses  Cheney,  jr.,  was 
a  manufacturer  of  paper  at  Henniker,  but  has  retired  from 
business.  The  five  sisters  now  living  are  Sarah  B.,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  S.  D.  Abbott  of  Needham,  Mass. ;  Abby  M.,  wife  of 
George  Washburn  of  Ashland,  N.  H.  ;  Ruth  E.,  wife  of  Jo 
seph  W.  Lord  of  Wollaston,  Mass. ;  Marcia  A.,  wife  of  J. 


388  MANCHESTER. 

P.  F.  Smith  of  Meredith ;  Hattie  O.,  wife  of  Dr.  C.  F. 
Bonney  of  Manchester.  When  he  was  seven  years  of  age, 
his  father,  a  manufacturer  of  paper  at  Holderness,  moved 
with  his  family  to  Peterborough  and  established  himself 
anew.  His  youth,  except  what  time  he  occupied  in  acquir 
ing  an  education  in  the  academies  at  Peterborough  and 
Hancock  in  this  state  and  at  Parsonsfield,  Maine,  was  spent 
in  the  paper-mill,  and  when  his  father  sold  his  business  in 
Peterborough  to  A.  P.  Morrison  and  returned  to  Holder- 
ness,  he  remained  as  manager  of  the  mill. 

In  partnership  with  others  he  built  a  paper-mill  and  es 
tablished  himself  in  business  in  Peterborough  in  1853, 
and,  soon  buying  the  interest  of  his  associates,  continued 
the  business  in  his  own  name.  In  August,  1862,  he  went 
from  Peterborough  to  take  part  in  the  War  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  having  been  appointed  quartermaster  of  the  Thir 
teenth  regiment.  Exposure  and  overwork  in  the  cam 
paign  before  Fredericksburg  brought  on  a  sickness  which 
sent  him  home  and  forbade  his  return  to  service,  and  he 
was  discharged  in  August,  1863.  In  1866  he  removed  to 
Manchester  and  associated  himself  with  Thomas  L.  Thorpe 
as  a  dealer  in  paper  stock  and  also  as  a  manufacturer  of 
paper  at  Goffstown.  In  1868  E.  M.  Tubbs  &  Company,  of 
which  firm  Mr.  Cheney  had  become  a  member  three  years 
before,  bought  out  Mr.  Thorpe's  interest  and  the  business 
was  continued  under  the  name  of  P.  C.  Cheney  <fc  Com 
pany.  After  the  burning  of  their  mill  at  Goffstown  in 
1871,  they  rebuilt  the  old  mill  at  Amoskeag  village  and  re 
sumed  business  there,  having  since  built  a  new  mill  at 
Goffstown.  The  firm  has  also,  till  recently,  had  an  inter 
est  in  paper-mills  at  Henniker  and  West  Henniker,  this 
state. 

Mr.  Cheney  was  elected  a  representative  from  Peterbor 
ough  in  1853  and  1854,  was  chosen  railroad  commissioner 


THE  HON.  JOSEPH  B.  CLARK.  389 

in  1864,  and  mayor  of  Manchester  in  1871.  He  would 
have  been  re-elected  mayor  the  next  year  had  he  not  pos 
itively  refused  a  re-nomination.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Peterborough  Bank  when  he  came  to  Manchester  and  has 
been  president  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank  since  its  or 
ganization  in  1874.  He  married  May  22,  1850,  Miss  S. 
Anna  Moore,  who  died  January  8,  1858,  leaving  no  chil 
dren.  He  married  June  29,  1859,  Mrs.  Sarah  W.  Keith, 
daughter  of  Jonathan  White,  formerly  of  Lowell,  Mass., 
by  whom  he  has  one  daughter,  Agnes  Annie  Cheney.  He 
was  nominated  by  the  Republican  party  for  governor  in 
1875  and  wherever  he  was  known  obtained  more  than  the 
usual  party  vote,  but  there  was  no  choice  by  the  people. 
He  will  undoubtedly  be  elected  governor  in  June  by  the 
legislature. 

Mr.  Cheney  is  a  man  of  clear  and  vigorous  insight,  of 
an  earnest  and  strongly  sympathetic  nature,  generous,  pa 
triotic  and  high-minded.  Possessing  great  administrative 
capacity,  he  has  been  a  very  successful  man  of  business. 
Untiring  in  his  efforts  for  the  good  of  others,  he  cares  more 
for  his  friends  than  himself,  and  in  consequence  when  an 
opportunity  is  afforded  them  to  do  him  a  favor,  he  meets 
with  the  most  cordial  support.  Interested  in  all  move 
ments  for  the  public  good,  he  is  very  popular  in  whatever 
capacity  he  appears  before  the  people. 

THE    HON.    JOSEPH    B.    CLARK. 

Joseph  Bond  Clark  was  born  at  Gilford,  N.  H.,  June  21, 
1823.  He  is  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Betsey  (Clement) 
Clark,  and  had  four  brothers  and  four  sisters.  One  brother 
—  Samuel  C.,  a  lawyer  at  Lake  Village,  N.  H., —  and  a  sis 
ter —  Hannah  B.,  wife  of  William  G.  Hoyt  of  Moulton- 
borough,  N.  H.,  —  suivive.  He  lived  at  Gilford  till  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age  and  then  went  to  New  Hampton 


390  MANCHESTER. 

Institution  and  spent  three  years  in  acquiring  an  education. 
He  entered  Brown  University  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1844 
and  was  graduated  there  in  1848.  He  then  spent  six 
years  in  teaching  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire. 
Meanwhile  he  was  studying  law,  part  of  the  time  with  the 
Hon.  Asa  Fowler  of  Concord,  and  later  with  Stephen  C. 
Lyford  of  Laconia  from  whose  office  he  was  admitted  in 
1853  to  the  Belknap  county  bar.  He  was  then  principal 
of  the  academy  at  Wolfeborough  and  continued  in  that 
position  till  he  came  to  Manchester  in  January,  1855,  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  September,  1862, 
he  received  a  commission  as  lieutenant  in  the  Eleventh 
regiment  and  left  his  business  to  take  part  in  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion.  In  March,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  be 
captain,  was  wounded  May  6,  1864,  in  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness  and  was  discharged  June  4,  1865. 

Mr.  Clark  was  city  solicitor  in  1858  and  1859,  represen 
tative  in  the  state  legislature  from  ward  one  in  1859  and 
1860,  and  mayor  of  the  city  in  1867.  He  was  appointed 
solicitor  for  Hillsborough  county  in  1861  and  re-aopointed 
in  1866,  holding  the  office  for  ten  years  in  all.  He  was  a 
director  of  the  Merrimack  River  Bank  from  its  beginning  in 
1858  till  it  was  succeeded  by  the  First  National  Bank  and 
has  been  a  director  of  the  latter  since  it  was  organized  in 
1865.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Merrimack  River  Sav 
ings  Bank  from  its  beginning  in  1858  and  a  director  of 
the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  Railroad  since  its  organiza 
tion  in  1872. 

Mr.  Clark  married  September  12,  1862,  Mrs.  Mary  Jane 
(Peabody)  Smith,  daughter  of  James  H.  and  Roxanna 
Peabody  of  this  city,  who  died  August  15,  1873,  leaving 
two  children —  Mary  P.  and  Joseph  M. 

It  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Clark  has  led  an  active,  stirring 
life  since  he  came  into  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
has  taken  part  in  whatever  might  be  prominent  in  society 


THE  HON.  LEWIS  W.  CLARK.  391 

at  any  time,  interesting  himself  in  politics,  military  affairs, 
banking,  railways,  etc.,  and  bis  election  to  the  mayoralty  of 
the  city  testifies  to  the  confidence  with  which  he  has  been 
regarded  as  a  public  man.  Cautious,  prudent  and  thought 
ful,  a  hard  worker  and  a  true  friend,  he  has  made  a  good 
name  in  the  city  and  is  favorably  known  throughout  the 
state.  He  is  a  good  citizen  and  was  one  of  the  foremost 
men  and  most  liberal  givers  in  the  construction  of  the 
First  Baptist  church. 

THE    HON.    LEWIS    W.    CLARK. 

Lewis  Whitehouse  Clark  was  born  August  19,  1828,  at 
Barnstead,  N.  H.  He  is  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Hannah 
(Whitehouse)  Clark,  and  has  one  sister  —  Sarah  M.,  wife 
of  Samuel  E.  Batchelder  of  Illini,  111.  He  acquired  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  common  schools  at  Barnstead 
and  in  the  academies  at  Pittsfield  and  Atkinson  and  then 
entered  Dartmouth  College  where  he  was  graduated  in 
1850.  From  August,  1850,  to  December,  1852,  he  was 
principal  of  the  academy  at  Pittsfield.  Meanwhile  he 
studied  law,  at  first  with  the  Hon.  Moses  Norris  and  then 
with  A.  F.  L.  Norris,  at  Pittsfield,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Belknap  county  bar  from  the  office  of  the  latter,  Septem 
ber  3,  1852.  He  then  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Pittsfield  and  continued  there  till  April  2,  1860,  when 
he  came  to  Manchester  and  formed  a  partnership  with  the 
Hon.  George  W.  Morrison  and  the  Hon.  Clinton  W.  Stan 
ley.  He  dissolved  his  connection  with  them  in  November, 
1866,  practiced  alone  for  a  year  or  two  and  then  associ 
ated  himself  with  Henry  H.  Huse,  continuing  this  part 
nership  till  May  24,  1872,  when  he  was  appointed  attorney- 
general  of  New  Hampshire  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  William  C.  Clarke,  which  position 
he  has  since  retained.  He  was  one  of  the  representatives 


392  MANCHESTER. 

from  Pittsfield  to  the  state  legislature  in  1856  and  1857, 
and  in  1865  was  the  nominee  of  the  Democratic  party  for 
member  of  congress  from  the  second  congressional  district. 

Mr,  Clark  married  December  29,  1852,  Miss  Helen  M., 
daughter  of  the  late  Capt.  William  Knowlton  of  Pittsfield, 
by  whom  he  has  one  daughter  and  one  son,  Mary  Helen 
and  John  Lew. 

Few  men  in  New  Hampshire  have  so  many  warm  per 
sonal  friends  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  A  very  liberal 
man,  of  patriotic  and  high-toned  impulses,  he  is  widely 
known  and  widely  liked.  He  has  no  superior  in  the  state 
as  a  ready  off-hand  speaker,  felicitous  in  language,  eloquent 
in  thought  and  generous  in  every  impulse.  He  is  an  ad 
mirable  advocate  before  a  jury,  and  whenever  he  appears  as 
a  public  speaker,  whether  in  the  performance  of  his  pro 
fessional  duties  as  the  attorney-general  of  the  state,  as  a 
political  orator  or  in  any  other  capacity,  he  acquits  himself 
with  signal  ability. 

JOHN  B.  CLARKE. 

John  Badger  Clarke  was  born  January  30,  1820,  at 
Atkinson,  N.  H.,  the  son  of  Greenleaf  and  Julia  (Cogswell) 
Clarke.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Dr.  William 
Cogswell  of  Atkinson  and  Judith  Badger  of  Gilmanton 
and  was  one  of  a  family  of  nine,  of  whom  two  still  survive 

—  Francis  Cogswell  of  Andover,  Mass.,  formerly  president 
of  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad,  and  George  Cogswell, 
a  physician  of  Bradford,  Mass.     Mr.  Clarke  had  one  sister 

—  Sarah  the  wife  of  Col.  Samuel  Carleton  of  Haverhill, 
Mass.,  who  still  survives,  and  four  brothers.     Of  the  lat 
ter,  Francis,  a  physician  at  Andover,  Mass.,  died  July  10, 
1852;  Moses,  a  physician  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  died  March 
27,  1864  ;  William  C.,  attorney-general  of  New  Hampshire, 
died  April  25,  1872 ;  and  the  Hon.  Greenleaf  Clarke,  the 


JOHN  B.  CLARKE.  393 

only  surviving    brother,   resides  upon    the  homestead  in 
Atkinson. 

Mr.  Clarke  obtained  his  preliminary  education  at  Atkin 
son  Academy,  entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1839  and  grad 
uated  in  1843.  and  was  offered  the  Latin  oration,  which  he 
declined.  In  his  senior  year  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Social  Friends  Society.  After  graduation  he  became 
principal  of  the  academy  at  Meredith  Bridge,  now  Laco- 
nia,  N.  H.,  and  taught  there  from  August,  1843,  to  August, 
1846,  studying  law  meanwhile  with  Stephen  C.  Lyford. 
He  then  removed  to  Manchester  and  continued  his  studies 
with  his  brother,  William  C.,  till  the  fall  of  1848,  when  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Hillsborough  county.  The  next 
year  he  went  to  California,  sailing  from  Boston  February  2, 
1849,  and  spent  two  years  there  and  in  New  Mexico,  Cen 
tral  America  and  New  Grenada,  eleven  months  of  the  time 
in  the  mining  regions,  part  of  the  time  with  pick-axe  and 
shovel  and  part  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Return 
ing  east  in  the  spring  of  1851,  he  staid  eight  weeks  in  Sa 
lem,  Mass.,  with  a  view  of  entering  into  practice  there,  but 
returned  in  the  following  May  to  Manchester,  opened  an 
office  and  soon  had  a  living  business.  February  14,  1852, 
he  took  charge  of  the  editorial  department  of  the  Manches 
ter  Daily  Mirror,  then  published  by  Joseph  C.  Emerson, 
agreeing  to  devote  half  of  his  time  to  it.  He  continued  its 
editor  from  that  time  till  the  first  of  September,  when,  it 
having  become  apparent  to  him  that  Mr.  Emerson,  who  had 
met  with  a  heavy  pecuniary  loss  in  the  summer,  must  sell 
or  fail,  he  gave  up  his  position  and  devoted  himself  ex 
clusively  to  his  profession.  The  Mirror  establishment,  the 
daily  and  weekly  papers  and  the  job-printing  department 
connected  with  them,  were  sold  at  auction  October  20, 
1852,  and  Mr.  Clarke  became  the  owner  and  editor,  retired 
from  his  profession  and  devoted  himself  entirely  to  jour 
nalism.  Since  then  he  has  added  to  the  Mirror  the  Daily 

25 


394  MANCHESTER. 

American,  the  Weekly  American,  in  which  the  Messenger 
and  the  Democrat  had  already  been  merged,  and  the  New 
Hampshire  Journal  of  Agriculture  which  included  the  Gran 
ite  Farmer  and  the  Farmers'  Monthly  Visitor.  The  circu 
lation  of  the  Weekly  Mirror  is  now  more  than  twenty-one 
times  as  large  as  when  he  bought  the  establishment  and 
the  circulation  of  the  Daily  Mirror  more  than  three  times 
as  large. 

Mr.  Clarke  was  chosen  in  1864  one  of  the  delegates  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  national  Republican  convention 
which  re-nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  president  of  the 
United  States,  and  at  that  time  was  elected  for  four  years  a 
member  of  the  national  committee  of  one  from  each  state 
and  by  that  committee  was  appointed  one  of  the  executive 
committee  of  seven,  which  consisted  of  Ex-Gov.  Claflin  of 
Massachusetts,  Ex-Gov.  Ward  of  New  Jersey,  the  Hon. 
Henry  J.  Raymond  of  the  New  York  Times  and  three  oth 
ers  beside  himself.  He  was  bitterly  opposed  to  the  Know- 
Nothing  movement  of  1854  and  1855,  believing  in  the  larg 
est  religious  toleration  and  in  carrying  out  the  ideas  of  the 
Puritans,  who  came  to  this  country  "  to  worship  God 
according  to  their  own  conscience."  Since  1852  he  has 
refused  to  be  a  candidate  for  any  office  resulting  from  the 
direct  suffrages  of  the  people,  believing  that  it  would  inter 
fere  with  his  position  and  power  as  an  independent  jour 
nalist,  and  for  similar  reasons  has  declined  office  in  the 
various  agricultural  societies  of  New  England. 

He  was  elected  president  of  the  Tri  Kappa  Society  of 
Dartmouth  College  in  1863.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Smyth  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  New  Hampshire  Col 
lege  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  and  in  1867, 
1868  and  1869  was  elected  state  printer.  He  was  for  two 
years  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Amoskeag  Veterans  a'nd  was 
elected  its  commander  at  two  different  times  but  declined 
the  honor.  Since  the  organization  of  the  Merrimack  River 


THE  HON.  WILLIAM  C.  CLARKE.  395 

Savings  Bank  in  1858  he  has  been  one  of  its  trustees.  In. 
1872  lie  spent  the  summer  in  Europe,  traveling  through 
England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  France,  Germany  and  Switzer 
land. 

Mr.  Clarke  married,  July  29,  1852,  Miss  Susan  Greeley 
Moulton  of  Giimanton,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  has  two  sons — 
Arthur  Eastman,  born  May  13,  1854,  and  William  Cogs 
well,  born  March  17,  1850.  They  graduated  from  the  high 
school  in  Manchester,  spent  a  year  at  Phillips  Academy  in 
Andover,  Mass.,  and  then  entered  a  special  course  in  the 
Chandler  Scientific  School  at  Hanover,  N.  H.,  from  which 
the  former  graduates  in  1875  and  the  latter  in  1876. 

THE    HON.    WILLIAM   C.    CLARKE. 

The  late  William  Cogswell  Clarke,  a  brother  of  the  pre 
ceding,  was  born  at  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  December  10,  1810, 
the  eldest  son  of  Greenleaf  and  Julia  (Cogswell)  Clarke. 
He  obtained  his  early  education  at  the  academy  in  Atkin 
son  and  entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1828,  graduating 
there  with  high  honors  in  1832.  He  was  then  for  a  year 
principal  of  the  academy  at  Giimanton,  while  beginning  the 
study  of  law,  which  he  subsequently  pursued  at  tho  law 
school  of  Harvard  University  and  in  the  office  of  Stephen 
C.  Lyford  at  Meredith  Bridge,  now  Laconia.  When  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  he  began  practice  at  Meredith 
Bridge  and  four  years  later,  upon  the  creation  of  Belknap 
county,  he  was  appointed  county  solicitor.  He  held  this 
office  till  the  spring  of  1844,  when  he  removed  to  Man 
chester  and  engaged  in  practice.  In  1846,  at  the  first  city 
election,  he  was  nominated  for  mayor,  but  withdrew  his 
name  after  the  first  ballot.  In  1849  he  was  elected  city 
solicitor  and  held  the  office  two  years.  In  1850  he  was  a 
delegate  from  Manchester  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  and  in  1851  received  the  appointment  of  judge  of 


396  MANCHESTER. 

probate  for  Hillsborough  county,  which  office  he  filled  with 
great  acceptance  until  1856,  when  his  removal  was  among 
the  political  changes  of  the  period.  In  1855  he  was  of 
fered,  but  declined,  a  position  on  the  bench  of  the  supreme 
court.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
state,  succeeding  the  Hon.  John  Sullivan,  then  recently 
deceased.  He  was  re-appointed  in  1868  and  held  the  office 
until  his  death  in  1872. 

Judge  Clarke  was  a  director  of  the  Manchester  Bank 
from  its  organization  in  1845  till  1849  and  of  the  City 
Bank  for  ten  years  subsequent  to  its  organization  in  1853, 
and  was  also  a  trustee  of  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  from 
1852  till  his  death.  He  was  for  many  years  a  trustee  of 
the  Manchester  Atheneum,  the  germ  of  the  present  city 
library,  and  when  the  latter  succeeded  it  in  1854,  he  was 
elected  a  member  and  clerk  of  the  board  of  trustees,  hold 
ing  both  positions  till  his  death.  He  was  the  first  treas 
urer  of  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  holding  that 
position  from  July  31,  1847,  till  his  resignation  took  effect, 
February  8,  1849,  and  was  its  clerk  from  February  28, 
1854,  till  his  death,  being  also  its  attorney  when  in  the 
general  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1854  he  was  appointed 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  national  board  of  visitors 
to  the  West  Point  Military  Academy. 

Although  always  shunning  purely  political  office,  Judge 
Clarke  was  prominent  and  influential  in  the  Democratic 
party  until  the  outbreak  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  when 
he  became  a  conspicuous  leader  of  those  Democrats  who 
favored  the  most  vigorous  measures  for  its  suppression. 
After  these  ceased  to  have  an  independent  organization  he 
acted  with  the  Republican  party. 

In  1834,  while  yet  a  student  of  law,  he  married  Miss 
Anna  Maria,  only  daughter  of  Stephen  L.  Greeley  of  Gil- 
manton,  N.  H.  His  wife,  now  resident  in  Lake  Village, 
N.  H.,  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  survive  him.  Stephen 


THE  HON.  WILLIAM  C.  CLARKE.  397 

G.  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Stanley,  Brown  &  Clarke, 
lawyers  of  New  York  city ;  Greenleaf  is  connected  with 
the  New  York  Evening  Post ;  Anna  N.  is  the  wife  of  Rob 
ert  M.  Appleton,  a  manufacturer  at  Lake  Village ;  and 
Julia  C.  is  a  teacher  in  the  state  normal  school  at  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.  Judge  Clarke  died  suddenly  at  his  residence 
in  this  city  April  25,  18T2.  His  final  illness  was  very  brief 
and  he  was  able  to  attend  to  his  official  duties  until  within 
a  few  days  of  his  death. 

Judge  Clarke  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the 
Second  Congregational  or  Franklin-street  church,  and  one 
of  the  original  officers  of  the  society,  both  of  which  he 
helped  largely  to  upbuild.  In  person  he  was  well  propor 
tioned  and  a  very  fine  looking  man.  The  esteem  and  af 
fection  in  which  he  was  held  was  indicated  by  the  large  at 
tendance  at  his  funeral  not  alone  of  his  fellow  townsmen, 
but  of  distinguished  men  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  The 
pall-bearers  were  the  Hon.  Ira  Perley  of  Concord,  formerly 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  the  Hon.  Asa  Fowler  of 
Concord,  formerly  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  the  Hon. 
Daniel  Clark,  formerly  United  States  senator  and  now 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court,  the  Hon.  E.  A. 
Straw,  then  just  elected  governor  of  the  state,  the  Hon. 
David  Gillis  of  Nashua,  the  Hon.  Nathan  Parker,  the  Hon. 
Moody  Currier  and  Col.  Phinehas  Adams. 

His  character  was  well  portrayed  in  the  resolutions  which 
were  drawn  up  by  the  Hon.  Isaac  W.  Smith,  now  justice  of 
the  superior  court  of  judicature,  and  adopted  by  the  bar  of 
Hillsborough  county  at  the  term  of  the  supreme  court  held 
the  next  month  after  his  death.  In  these  he  is  said  to  have 
been  "  a  public  officer  faithful  and  upright,  discharging  his 
official  duties  with  signal  ability ;  a  lawyer  of  large  experi 
ence  in  his  profession,  of  well  balanced  judgment  and  dis 
cretion,  well  read  in  the  principles  of  the  law  and  faithful 
alike  to  the  court  and  his  client ;  a  citizen  patriotic  and  pub- 


398  MANCHESTER. 

lie-spirited  ;  in  his  private  relations  a  gentleman  of  unblem 
ished  reputation,  distinguished  for  his  high-toned  charac 
ter,  affable  manners  and  uniform  courtesy  ;  and  illustrating 
in  his  public  and  private  life  the  character  of  a  Christian 
gentleman  governed  by  the  principles  which  he  was  not 
ashamed  to  profess." 

DR.    JOSIAH    CROSBY. 

Josiah  Crosby  was  born  in  Sandwich,  N.  JEL,  February  1, 
1794,  and  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Asa  and  Betsy  (Hoit)  Crosby, 
she  being  the  daughter  of  Col.  Nathan  Hoit  of  Moulton- 
borougli,  lor  many  years  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  The\  had  ten  children.  John,  the  eldest,  died  in 
Sandwich  in  1872;  Asa,  a  merchant  of  New  York,  died  in 
Hnti,  W.  I.,  in  1826;  Betsy,  widow  of  the  late  Samuel 
Beedy,  died  at  Edinboro',  Pa.  ;  Josiah,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  the  next  in  order  of  birth  ;  Sarah,  the  widow  of 
the  late  Dr.  Oilman  M.  Burleigh,  formerly  of  Sandwich, 
resides  at  Dexter,  Me.;  Mary,  the  widow  of  the  late  Daniel 
Stevens,  lives  in  Edinboro',  Pa. ;  Nathan  has  been  judge  of 
the  police  court  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  for  the  past  thirty  years  ; 
Dixi,  who  was  many  years  professor  in  the  medical  school 
at  Dartmouth  College,  died  in  1873;  Grace  Reed  married 
the  late  Dr.  Enos  Hoyt,  formerly  of  Northfield,  N.  H.,  but 
subsequently  of  Framingham,  Mass.,  where  she  now  resides; 
one  child  died  in  infancy.  Dr.  Asa  subsequently  married 
Miss  Abigail  Russell,  daughter  of  Thomas  Russell  of  Con- 
way,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  of  whom  five  died 
young.  Alpheus,  first  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  and 
then  of  Greek  alone  at  Dartmouth  College  from  1833  to 
1849,  and  subsequently  principal  of  the  state  normal  school 
at  Salem,  Mass.,  died  at  Salem  in  1874;  Thomas  Russell, 
who  once  practiced  medicine  in  this  city  and  was  after 
wards  professor  at  Norwich  University  at  Norwich,  Vt.,  and 
in  the  scientific  school  at  Dartmouth  College,  died  in  1874. 


DR.  JOSIAH  CROSBY.  399 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  preliminary  edu 
cation  at  Fryeburg,  Me.,  and  at  Amherst,  N.  H.,  studied 
medicine  with  his  father  and  at  Hanover  with  Dr.  Nathan 
Smith,  and  graduated  in  1816  from  the  medical  school  at 
Hanover,  succeeding  that  year  to  his  father's  practice  in 
Sandwich.  Thence  he  removed  to  Deerfield,  then  to  Epsom 
as  a  more  central  location,  and  then  to  Concord  as  a 
still  larger  place.  He  was  afterwards  induced  to  go  to 
Lowell,  Mass.,  by  the  influence  of  a  prominent  manufac 
turer  of  that  town  who  was  in  search  of  a  trustworthy 
physician.  He  soon  acquired  a  large  practice  there,  but 
was  called  by  the  death  of  his  father-in-law  to  Meredith 
Bridge,  now  Laconia,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  estate. 
Among  the  property  were  some  mills  at  Meredith  Bridge 
and  he  formed  a  company  under  the  name  of  the  Belknap 
Mills,  becoming  its  agent  and  remaining  such  till  its  failure 
in  1837.  When  his  brother  Dixi,  then  a  physician  in  the 
same  town,  forsook  his  practice  to  become  a  professor  in 
the  medical  school  at  Hanover,  he  succeeded  to  his  busi 
ness  and  practiced  there  till  March,  1844,  when  he  came  to 
this  city,  where  he  pursued  his  profession  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  January  7,  1875,  from  the  effects  of  a  par 
alytic  shock. 

Dr.  Crosby  married,  in  1829,  Miss  Olive  L.  Avery,  who 
survives  him,  together  with  two  sons  —  Stephen  L.,  a  civil 
engineer  and  now  resident  in  Manchester,  and  George  A., 
who  has  become  heir  to  his  father's  practice. 

Dr.  Crosby  was  a  representative  from  Manchester  to  the 
state  legislature  for  two  years,  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention  of  1850  and  was  one  of  the  school 
committee  of  this  city  in  1849,  1850  and  1851.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  from  1856  till  his 
death.  He  became  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Med 
ical  Society  in  1818,  and  in  1850  was  its  president.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the 


400  MANCHESTER. 

American  Medical  Association  and  was  an  honorary  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  Upon  his  com 
ing  to  Manchester  he  at  once  took  the  lead  of  the  profes 
sion  in  the  city,  acquired  a  very  large  practice  and  became 
widely  known  in  the  state  and  beyond  it  as  a  contributor  to 
medical  journals.  He  gained  a  high  reputation  by  intro 
ducing  into  medical  practice  the  application  of  adhesive 
plaster  in  making  extensions  of  fractured  limbs,  a  method 
highly  commended  at  the  time  and  now  in  use  all  over  the 
world.  He  was  also  the  inventor  of  an  invalid-bed  for  the 
use  of  patients  with  fractured  limbs,  which  proved  its  util 
ity  by  its  general  adoption. 

Dr.  Crosby  was  a  man  of  the  highest  rank  in  his  profes 
sion,  studious,  careful  and  thorough  ;  of  perfect  honor,  pu 
rity  and  integrity.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school, 
gentle-mannered  and  kindly,  of  fine  personal  appearance 
and  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  the  residents  of  a  city  in 
which  he  scarcely  had  an  enemy.  He  was  the  instructor 
of  many  young  men  in  the  course  of  his  practice  and  was 
their  friend  and  counsellor  as  well.  He  was  a  man  of  very 
regular  and  methodical  habits  which  prolonged  his  life  to  a 
hale  old  age. 

THE    HON.    MOODY   CURRIER. 

Moody  Currier  was  born  April  22,  1806,  at  Boscawen, 
N.  H.  He  afterwards  lived  in  Dunbarton  and  Bow,  work 
ing  on  a  farm  in  the  summer,  going  to  school  in  the  fall 
and  teaching  in  the  winter.  District  schools  were  then 
kept  but  six  weeks  in  the  year  and  Mr.  Currier  acquired 
all  the  English  studies  at  home,  studying  evenings  by  the 
light  of  pitch  knots  and  tallow  candles.  He  fitted  for 
college  at  Hopkinton  Academy  and  then  entered  Dart 
mouth  College,  graduating,  together  with  the  Hon.  Daniel 
Clark  of  this  city,  in  the  class  of  1834. 


THE  HON.  MOODY  CURRIER.  401 

The  succeeding  fall  he  taught  school  in  Concord,  and,  in 
company  witli  the  Hon.  Asa  Fowler  of  that  city,  edited  the 
New  Hampshire  Literary  Gazette.  Then  he  went  to  Hop- 
kinton  and  was  principal  of  the  academy  there  for  a  year, 
and  in  1836  went  to  Lowell,  Mass.,  to  take  charge  of  the 
high  school  there,  continuing  its  master  till  the  spring  of 
1841,  when  he  removed  to  Manchester.  During  his  stay  at 
Hopkinton  and  Lowell  he  had  studied  law,  and,  upon  com 
ing  to  this  city,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  formed  a 
partnership  with  the  Hon.  George  W.  Morrison  for  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  The  Manchester  Democrat,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  was  started  in  1842  by  Kimball  &  Kid- 
der,  and  soon  afterwards  the  latter's  interest  was  bought 
by  Morrison  &  Currier.  The  latter  gave  part  of  his  time 
to  editorial  labor,  and  later  bought  Mr.  Morrison's  fourth 
of  the  paper,  disposing  of  his  own  interest  in  it  not  long 
afterward.  His  partnership  in  legal  practice  with  Mr.  Mor 
rison  was  dissolved  in  1843,  and  he  pursued  his  profession 
independently  till  1848,  when  he  became  cashier  of  the  old 
Amoskeag  Bank  then  just  organized,  and  has  continued  in 
the  banking  business  ever  since. 

When  the  Amoskeag  Savings  Bank  was  organized  in  1852, 
he  was  appointed  its  treasurer  and  still  holds  the  office. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Amoskeag  National  Bank 
since  its  organization  in  1864,  director  of  the  People's 
Savings  Bank  from  its  formation  in  1874,  director  of  the 
Blodget  Edge  Tool  Company  during  its  existence  and  pres 
ident  and  treasurer  of  the  Amoskeag  Axe  Company  since 
it  succeeded  the  former  in  1862,  director  of  the  Manches 
ter  Gas-Light  Company  since  1862,  director  of  the  Man 
chester  Mills  since  its  organization  in  1874,  treasurer  of 
the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad  since  1856,  treasurer 
of  the  Concord  Railroad  in  1871  and  1872,  and  is  the 
treasurer  of  the  New  England  Loan  Company. 

He  was  clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire  Senate  in  1843  and 


402  MANCHESTER. 

1844  ;  was  elected  a  member  of  that  body  by  the  Republi 
cans  of  the  third  district  in  1856  and  1857,  being  its  pres 
ident  in  the  latter  year,  and  was  elected  a  councilor  by  the 
Republicans  in  1860  and  1861.  He  was  the  chairman  of 
the  war  committee  of  the  governor  and  council  for  the  first 
fifteen  months  of  the  war  and  did  the  chief  business  of 
that  body,  showing  great  executive  ability  in  raising  and 
equipping  troops  and  starting  into  life  a  new  military  or 
ganization.  Manchester  in  particular  has  reason  to  be 
grateful  to  him  for  what  he  did. 

Mr.  Currier  has  three  times  married ;  first,  Miss  Lucre- 
tia  C.  Dustin,  December  8,1836;  second,  Miss  Mary  W. 
Kidder,  September  5,  1847 ;  third,  Miss  Hannah  A.  Slade, 
November  16,  1869.  He  has  had  three  children,  of  whom 
one  survives — Charles  M.,  teller  of  the  Amoskeag  National 
Bank  in  this  city. 

Mr.  Currier  is  a  marked  man.  He  does  his  own  think 
ing  and  has  carved  out  his  own  success.  He  has  built  up 
and  now  manages  the  largest  banking  institutions  in  the 
state,  and  his  great  reputation  with  the  outside  world  is 
justly  that  of  a  financier.  But  his  ability  in  that  line  is 
equaled,  if  not  excelled,  by  his  remarkable  scholarship. 
Educated  for  a  profession  and  once  a  teacher,  lawyer  and 
editor,  he  has  found  time,  in  the  midst  of  the  busy  life  he 
has  since  led,  to  preserve  and  strengthen  the  tastes  of  a 
lover  of  art  and  literature.  Well  versed  in  the  exact  sci 
ences,  keeping  pace  with  modern  thought  in  art,  science 
and  religion,  perfectly  at  home  among  the  Latin  and  Greek 
authors,  he  has  educated  himself  to  read  French  at  sight, 
is  familiar  with  German,  Italian  and  Spanish,  and  has  writ 
ten  enough  fugitive  pieces  of  poetry  for  his  own  recreation 
to  fill  a  volume.  It  is  remarkable  to  find  literary  tastes  and 
financial  capacity  united,  both  in  such  high  degree,  and  we 
know  of  no  other  business  man  in  the  state  who  is  so  fine 
a  scholar. 


COL.  M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY.  403 

COL.  M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY. 

Martin  Van  Buren  Edgerly  was  born  in  Barnstead,  N.  H., 
September  26,  1833.  He  is  the  son  of  Samuel  J.  and  Eliza 
(Bickford)  Edgerly  and  was  one  of  a  family  of  nine  chil 
dren,  five  sons  and  four  daughters,  of  whom  five  besides 
himself  survive.  Andrew  J.  of  North  Haverhill,  N.  H., 
is  adjutant-general  of  the  state;  Joseph  G.,  Clarence  M. 
and  Araminta  C.  are  all  resident  in  this  city,  the  first  hav 
ing  been  for  the  past  eight  years  its  superintendent  of  pub 
lic  instruction,  the  second  an  insurance  agent  and  the  last 
a  teacher  in  the  public  schools ;  Hannah  A.  is  the  wife  of 
Ambrose  Pearson,  a  civil  engineer  of  Wilton,  N.  H. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this  city  with  his 
parents  when  twelve  years  old,  went  to  school  for  a  time 
and  then  worked  in  the  mills  and  machine-shop  of  the 
Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company,  where  he  remained 
till  October,  1856,  when  he  opened  a  drug-store  in  company 
with  Lewis  H.  Parker.  In  a  little  less  than  a  year  he 
removed  to  Pittsfield,  N.  H.,  and  in  1859  he  entered  into 
the  insurance  business,  becoming  an  agent  of  several  com 
panies,  among  which  was  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Springfield,  Mass.  In  1860  he  was 
appointed  by  that  company  its  general  agent  for  New 
Hampshire  and  opened  an  office  in  Manchester,  whither 
he  removed  in  November,  1863,  having  become  the  general 
agent  also  for  Vermont  and  northern  New  York.  In  1868 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  all  the  company's 
agencies  and  spent  two  years  in  establishing  agencies  in 
the  west,  while  retaining  his  own  at  home.  In  1870  he 
resigned  his  place  as  superintendent  but  continued  in 
charge  of  the  northern  New  York,  Vermont  and  New 
Hampshire  agencies  and  in  September,  1874,  accepted  in 
addition  the  Boston  agency,  the  oldest  in  the  company. 


404  MANCHESTER. 

Mr.  Edgerly  acquired  the  rank  of  colonel  by  service  as 
the  chief  of  Gov.  Weston's  staff  in  1871,  was  a  delegate  in 
1872  to  the  national  Democratic  convention  at  Baltimore 
which  nominated  Horace  Greeley  for  President,  was  the 
treasurer  of  the  Democratic  state  committee  in  1871  and 
1872,  and  is  now  a  member  from  New  Hampshire  of  the 
Democratic  national  executive  committee.  He  served  as 
alderman  of  this  city  from  ward  four  in  1874.  He  has 
been  a  trustee  of  the  Merrimack  River  Savings  Bank  since 
1864,  a  director  of  the  New  Hampshire  Fire  Insurance 
Company  since  its  organization  in  1869,  a  director  of  the 
Suncook  Valley  Railroad  since  1871  and  was  commander 
of  the  Amoskeag  Veterans  in  1873  and  1874.  In  Decem 
ber,  1874,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  an  altern 
ate  commissioner  to  represent  the  state  of  New  Hampshire 
at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  nation  in  1876  at  Phi 
ladelphia,  Pa. 

Col.  Edgerly  married,  March  7,  1854,  Miss  Alvina  Bar 
ney  of  Danbury,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children  of 
whom  two  are  living — Clinton  Johnson  and  Mabel  Clayton. 

Mr.  Edgerly  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  habits  and 
remarkable  executive  ability.  He  has  a  strong,  clear  mind, 
determines  what  is  to  be  done  and  then  does  it  at  once.  This 
combination  of  discernment  and  energy  have  given  him  his 
great  success  in  the  insurance  business,  greater  than  that 
of  any  other  man  in  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  man  of  fine 
personal  appearance,  of  gentlemanly  bearing  and  a  liberal 
disposition,  which  with  his  social  nature  have  enabled  him 
to  gather  about  himself  a  host  of  personal  friends.  He  is 
perfectly  honorable  in  his  dealings,  is  a  good  citizen  and 
has  been  often  talked  of  as  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
mayor  of  the  city  and  for  other  and  higher  political  offices, 
but  has  steadily  and  sensibly  declined,  with  rare  exception, 
to  allow  the  use  of  his  name. 


THE  HON.  MOSES  FELLOWS.  405 

THE  HON.  MOSES  FELLOWS. 

Moses  Fellows  was  born  at  Brentwood,  N.  PL,  November 
7,  1803.  He  is  the  son  of  Simon  and  Dorothy  (Bartlett) 
Fellows,  and  one  of  a  family  of  three  sons  and  four  daugh 
ters,  of  whom  all  but  one  —  Hannah,  wife  of  John  Calef  of 
this  city  —  survive.  George,  Stephen  and  Ploome,  the  wife 
of  John  Gordon,  reside  in  Brentwood  ;  Dorothy,  widow  of 
the  late  Samuel  Hanson,  and  Sally,  widow  of  the  late  Rich 
ard  Bartlett,  reside  in  Kingston. 

Mr.  Fellows  spent  the  early  part  of  his  life  in  Brentwood 
upon  his  father's  farm  and  in  his  store,  acquiring  an  edu 
cation  in  the  district  school,  and  in  1826  went  into  busi 
ness  for  himself,  continuing  in  Brentwood  till  May,  1833, 
when  he  removed  to  Manchester,  taking  up  his  abode  in 
that  part  of  it  known  as  Moore's  village  or  Goffe's  Falls, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  For  nineteen  years  he 
continued  in  business  there,  nearly  all  of  the  time  a  whole 
sale  manufacturer  of  shoes,  but  he  met  with  reverses  and 
retired  from  business  in  1852  and  has  since  occupied  him 
self  in  the  cultivation  of  his  farm.  Mr.  Fellows,  while  in 
Brentwood,  was  a  member  of  the  state  militia,  being  com 
missioned  captain,  but  resigned  in  1827.  After  his  com 
ing  to  Manchester,  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  select 
men  in  1842,  1843  and  1846,  and  also  in  the  latter  year  a 
member  of  the  first  board  of  aldermen  the  city  chose.  In 
1847  and  1848  he  was  sent  as  a  representative  to  the  legis 
lature  and  was  mayor  of  the  city  in  1850  and  1851.  Capt. 
Fellows  married,  July  5,  1829,  Mrs.  Nancy  Bartlette,  by 
whom  he  had  one  daughter,  who  died  in  1853. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  city,  Mr.  Fellows,  a  manufac 
turer  of  shoes  upon  a  large  scale  and  with  many  men  in 
his  employ,  was  a  prominent  citizen  and  had  a  large  influ 
ence.  He  is  a  very  genial  man,  courteous  and  affable,  en 
tertaining  in  conversation  and  so  very  companionable,  and 


406  MANCHESTER. 

lias  had  many  warm  friends  who  were  ready  to  make  sacri 
fices  for  him.  Since  he  retired  from  business,  however,  he 
has  mixed  little  in  public  life  and  has  had  110  opportunity 
to  develop  his  stronger  characteristics. 

THE  HON.  HERMAN  FOSTER. 

Herman  Foster  was  born  at  Andover,  Mass.,  October  31, 
1800,  and  was  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Danforth)  Fos 
ter.  His  mother  died  two  years  after  his  birth,  survived 
by  one  daughter,  Sabra,  who  married  Dr.  Isaac  Tewksbury 
of  Hampstead  and  since  deceased.  His  father  subsequently 
married  Miss  Lucy  Hastings  of  Bolton,  Mass.,  by  whom  he 
had  six  children,  of  whom  Charles,  the  eldest,  died  at 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1850  ;  two  others  died  at  an  early 
age  ;  and  there  are  now  living  Emily,  the  wife  of  Ebenezer 
S.  Badger  of  Warner,  John,  a  wealthy  retired  merchant  of 
Boston  and  formerly  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Foster  &  Tay 
lor,  and  George,  late  state  senator  from  this  district  and 
resident  in  Bedford. 

Mr.  Foster's  father  was  a  merchant  and  moved,  when 
the  former  was  ten  years  old,  to  Nottingham  West,  now 
Hudson,  this  state,  subsequently  removing  to  Warner. 
Mr.  Foster  acquired  his  education  at  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  academy  in  Derry,  intending  to  pursue  a  colle 
giate  course.  This  design  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish 
by  the  partial  failure  of  his  eyesight.  Dartmouth  College, 
however,  conferred  upon  him  in  1861  the  honorary  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts.  He  taught  school  for  a  time  in  several 
places  in  Massachusetts  and  then  established  himself  in  a 
mercantile  business  in  Boston.  After  following  this  pur 
suit  for  some  years  he  went  to  Warner,  where  his  father 
then  resided,  and  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the 
Hon.  Henry  B.  Chase  of  that  town  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1889.  In  November  of  the  next  year  he  came  to 


THE  HON.  HERMAN  FOSTER.  407 

Manchester  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  con 
tinuing  here  from  that  time  till  his  death  and  building  up 
a  large  office  business.  In  1851  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  the  Hon.  Isaac  W.  Smith  and  subsequently  with  the 
Hon.  B.  F.  Ayer,  now  of  Chicago,  111.,  dissolving  his  con 
nection  with  the  latter  in  the  early  part  of  1857,  since  when 
he  has  practiced  independently.  He  died  February  17, 1 875, 
at  his  residence  in  this  city,  of  a  chronic  difficulty  of  the 
lungs.  He  married  November  8,  1826,  Miss  Harriet  Mary 
Ann  Whittemore,  daughter  of  Amos  Whittemore,  of  West 
Cambridge,  now  Arlington,  Mass.,  by  whom  he  had  two 
children,  who  died  in  infancy,  Mrs.  Foster  being  thus  the 
only  surviving  member  of  the  family. 

Mr.  Foster  was  treasurer  of  the  town  of  Manchester  in 
1842  and  1843  and  solicitor  of  the  city  in  1857.  He  was 
sent  to  represent  the  city  in  the  house  of  representatives 
of  the  state  in  1845  and  1846,  and  again  in  1868  and  1869. 
He  was  state  senator  in  1860  and  1861,  being  president  of 
the  senate  in  the  latter  year.  In  August,  1862,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln  assessor  of  internal  revenue 
for  the  second  district  of  New  Hampshire,  resigning  in 
February  of  the  next  year.  He  was  the  treasurer  and 
clerk  of  the  Manchester  Gas-Light  Company  from  its  organ 
ization  in  1850  till  his  death.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Amoskeag  Bank  from  1853  till  its  books  were  closed  in 
1868,  a  director  of  the  Amoskeag  National  Bank  from  1871 
till  his  death,  and  was  a  trustee  and  one  of  the  committee 
of  investment  of  the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  from  its 
organization  in  1846.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
First  Unitarian  Society  and  was  its  president  in  1863  and 
1864. 

Mr.  Foster  was  a  marked  man,  of  positive  traits  of  char 
acter.  Coming  here  when  the  town  had  just  begun  a  new 
life,  he  grew  up  with  it  in  the  confidence  and  respect  of  its 
inhabitants.  His  perception  was  accurate,  his  judgment 


408  MANCHESTER. 

sound  and  trustworthy,  his  intelligence  wide  and  clear. 
He  was  a  strong,  decided,  independent  man.  He  had  a 
remarkable  memory  for  dates  and  places,  persons  and 
things.  In  business  he  was  very  methodical,  cautious, 
painstaking,  slow  to  make  up  his  mind  but  sure  of  it  when 
he  expressed  it.  He  was  a  safe  counselldr,  an  upright  and 
honest  man  and  a  good  citizen. 

THE  HON.  E.  W.  HARRINGTON. 

Edward  Wetherbee  Harrington  was  born  June  21,  1816, 
at  Acton,  Mass.  He  is  the  son  of  Edward  and  Polly 
(Wetherbee)  Harrington,  and  has  one  sister,  Mary  H.,  the 
widow  of  the  late  Eliab  Grimes  of  Acton,  Mass.,  and  one 
brother,  Phinehas,  who  left  this  city  for  California  in  1850. 
He  worked  on  a  farm  in  the  summer  and  went  to  the 
district  school  in  the  winter  till  he  was  eighteen  years  old, 
when  he  went  to  Boston  to  work  in  a  grocery  store,  remain 
ing  there  till  1838,  when  he  returned  to  his  home  in 
Acton. 

At  that  time  his  brother  was  engaged  in  brick-laying  on 
some  of  the  mills  then  in  process  of  construction  in  Man 
chester,  and  his  prophecy  of  the  speedy  growth  of  a  large 
city  induced  Mr.  Harrington  to  come  to  this  place  on  the 
first  of  January,  1839.  March  26,  1839,  he  opened  a  res 
taurant  in  a  building  on  Elm  street  near  Lowell,  now  occu 
pied  as  a  market  by  R.  M.  Miller,  and  which  was  the  first 
house  completed  on  the  eastern  side  of  Elm  street.  There 
were  then  no  hotels  and  no  other  restaurant,  but  there 
were  a  large  number  of  people  at  work  upon  the  mills, 
and  this  gave  him  a  large  business.  In  the  fall  of  1841  he 
removed  to  the  basement  of  Union  building  now  occupied 
by  H.  D.  Corliss,  which  was  the  first  building  finished  on 
the  western  side  of  Elm  street.  Mr.  Harrington  contin 
ued  to  occupy  the  restaurant  till  October,  1853,  when  the 


(• 


j 

/  /  I 


/  I  f\ 


THE  HON.  E.  W.  HARRINGTON.  409 

City  Bank  was  organized  and  he  became  its  cashier,  con 
tinuing  such  till  its  dissolution  and  becoming  cashier  of 
the  City  National  Bank  which  succeeded  it. 

Mr.  Harrington  was  foreman  of  the  first  hook-and-ladder 
company  in  the  city,  whose  house  occupied  the  lot  on  the 
corner  of  Market  and  Franklin  streets  where  the  Franklin- 
street  church  now  stands,  and  was  assistant-engineer  of 
the  fire  department  in  1856,  1858  and  1862.  He  acquired 
the  rank  of  captain  from  his  long  service  as  commander  of 
the  "Stark  Guards,"  a  military  company  organized  in  1840. 
He  was  elected  mayor  by  the  Democratic  party  for  the  year 
1859  and  re-elected  for  the  succeeding  year.  In  1864  and 
1865  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of  the 
state  and  in  1867  and  1869  for  representative  to  congress. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  national  Democratic  convention 
at  Charleston  in  1860  which  nominated  Stephen  A.  Doug 
las  for  president  and  of  the  succeeding  convention  in  1864 
which  nominated  George  B.  McClellan.  He  was  also  a 
delegate  to  the  "  national  union  convention  "  which  was 
organized  by  Reverdy  Johnson  and  which  met  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1866.  Mr.  Harrington  is  a  very  prominent 
Free  Mason,  having  taken  the  thirty-third  degree.  He  was 
Master  of  Washington  Lodge  in  1857,  the  first  year  of  its 
existence  under  a  charter,  Commander  of  Trinity  Com- 
mandry  in  1865  and  1866,  High  Priest  of  Mount  Horeb 
Royal  Arch  Chapter  in  1857  and  1858,  and  at  one  time 
Grand  High  Priest  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Harrington  married  in  May,  1843,  Miss  Frances  M. 
Dearborn,  who  died  in  November,  1844,  leaving  one  daugh 
ter,  Frances  M.,  the  wife  of  John  P.  Bartlett,  city  solicitor 
of  Manchester.  In  May,  1849,  he  married  Miss  Margaret 
A.  Bond,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  of  whom  two 
—  Edward  W.,  jr.,  and  Delana  B.  —  are  still  living  and  re 
side  at  home  in  this  city. 

Mr.  Harrington  has  been  a  leading  man  in  the  history  of 

26 


410  MANCHESTER. 

this  city.  Self-made,  relying  upon  his  own  judgment,  he 
dares  do  what  he  thinks  is  best.  He  is  a  man  with  what 
Lord  Bacon  calls  "  good  roundabout  common  sense."  His 
mind  is  well  balanced,  his  conclusions  are  better  than  his 
reasons,  and  his  instinctive  ideas  in  reference  to  the  values 
of  property  or  what  is  best  for  the  city  are  generally  worth 
more  upon  their  first  expression  than  the  judgments  of 
others  after  long  reasoning.  He  made  a  good  mayor,  was 
the  first  to  pave  the  streets  and  the  first  who  had  the  cour 
age  to  introduce  steam  fire  engines  in  the  face  of  large  or 
ganizations  which  favored  the  old  hand-engines.  Liberal  in 
his  ideas  and  liberal  with  his  purse,  he  has  done  a  great 
deal  to  help  those  who  could  not  help  themselves,  particu 
larly  young  men.  Few  men  are  better  versed  in  the  ways 
of  the  world  or  understand  better  the  motives  which  actu 
ate  mankind. 

GEN.    NATT    HEAD. 

Natt  Head  was  born  at  Hooksett,  N.  H.,  May  20,  1828, 
and  is  the  son  of  Col.  John  and  Anna  (Brown)  Head.  He 
was  one  of  a  family  of  five  children  —  Hannah  A.,  wife  of 
Col.  Josiah  Stevens  of  this  city;  the  late  Sally  B,  wife 
of  Hall  B.  Emery  of  Pembroke,  N.  H.  ;  Natt,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  ;  William  F.,  of  Hooksett ;  John  A.,  who  re 
sides  in  Iowa.  His  father,  who  died  in  1836,  was  a  farmer 
and  largely  engaged  in  lumbering.  He,  in  company  with 
his  brother  William  F.,  succeeded  to  his  father's  business 
and  they  are  extensive  farmers,  lumber-dealers  and  manu 
facturers  of  brick  in  Hooksett,  and,  in  company  with  Frank 
Dowst,  contractors  and  builders  in  Manchester.  They  have 
furnished  a  large  part  of  the  brick  used  in  this  city  for  the 
past  fifteen  years. 

Mr.  Head,  as  the  contractor,  built  several  miles  of  the 
old  Portsmouth  railway,  which  ran  from  Suncook  to  Can- 


GEN.  NATT  HEAD.  411 

dia,  built  the  new  railway  and  bridges  from  Suncook  to 
Hooksett  and  the  Suncook  Valley  railway  from  Suncook 
to  Pittsfield.  When  the  soldiers'  military  asylum  near 
Augusta,  Me.,  was  burned,  he  was  sent  to  assume  the 
charge  of  the  institution  during  the  illness  of  the  deputy 
governor  and  afterwards  rebuilt  the  asylum.  He  has  filled 
various  town  offices,  was  appointed  in  1857  deputy  sheriff, 
and  was  a  representative  from  Hooksett  in  the  state  legisla 
ture  in  1861  and  1862.  In  1863  and  1864  he  was  the  chief 
of  Gov.  Gihnore's  staff  and  in  1864  was  chosen  adjutant-, 
inspector-  and  quartermaster-general  of  the  state,  which 
office  he  held  till  1870.  He  was  the  Republican  candidate 
for  state  senator  from  the  Second  district,  in  1875,  but 
there  was  no  election  by  the  people. 

Gen.  Head  was  for  a  long  time  a  director  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Agricultural  Society  arid  has  been  its  president 
for  ten  or  a  dozen  years,  and  for  the  past  four  or  five  years 
has  been  a  director  of  the  New  England  Agricultural  Soci 
ety.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Stearns  a  trustee 
of  the  New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture  and  the 
Mechanic  Arts.  Prom  his  father,  who  was  for  many  years 
an  officer  in  the  state  militia,  and  from  his  grandfather, 
Oapt.  Nathaniel  Head,  who  served  as  an  officer  through 
the  Revolutionary  War,  Gen.  Head  inherits  military  taste 
and  spirit.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  fife-major  in  the 
Eleventh  regiment  of  the  state  militia  and  served  four 
years,  and  in  later  times  he  was  the  chief  bugler  of  the 
Governor's  Horse  Guards.  He  was  the  commander  of  the 
Amoskeag  Veterans  of  Manchester  in  1869,  1870,  1871 
and  1872,  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Boston  Lancers 
and  is  the  first  sergeant  in  command  of  the  first  company  of 
infantry  in  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company 
of  Boston. 

Gen.  Head  is  a  prominent  Free  Mason,  being  a  member 
of  Washington  Lodge,  Mount  Horeb  Royal  Arch  Chapter, 


412  MANCHESTER. 

Adoniram  Council  and  Trinity  Commandry  of  Manchester. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Council,  having  taken 
all  the  degrees  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Kite, 
including  the  thirty-third,  and  all  the  degrees  in  the  Rite  of 
Memphis  to  the  ninety-fourth.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
Howard  Lodge  and  Hildreth  Encampment  of  Odd  Fel 
lows,  at  Suncook,  and  a  member  of  Oriental  Lodge  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  of  the  same  place. 

Gen.  Head  has  been  a  director  of  the  Suncook  Valley 
Railroad  since  it  was  organized,  and  the  president  of  the 
China  Savings  Bank  at  Suncook  since  it  was  started.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Merrimack  River  Bank  from  1860  till 
it  was  merged  in  the  First  National  Bank  and  has  been  a 
director  of  the  latter  since  it  was  formed  in  1865. 

Gen.  Head  married,  November  18,  1863,  Miss  Abbie  M. 
Sanford  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  chil 
dren —  Annie  Sanford,  Lewis  Fisher  and  Alice  Perley. 
The  son  died  March  4,  1873. 

Gen.  Head  stands  conspicuous  for  social,  genial  quali 
ties,  for  good  nature  and  strong,  sound  sense.  He  is  always 
practical,  his  opinions  are  good  on  all  topics  to  which  he 
has  given  any  attention  and  he  never  ventures  opinions  on 
subjects  with  which  he  is  not  familiar.  He  is  a  successful 
business  man  and  won  a  lasting  popularity  among  soldiers 
and  citizens  during  the  late  war  by  his  earnest  and  liberal 
efforts  in  his  position  as  adjutant-general  of  the  state. 
Few  men  have  so  wide  a  circle  of  strong  personal  friends. 
He  has  been  talked  of  for  some  of  the  highest  offices  in 
the  gift  of  the  people  of  the  state  and  for  some  years  past 
has  had  votes  at  all  the  nominating  conventions  of  his 
party  for  governor. 


THE  HON.  JOHN  HOSLEY.  413 

THE  HON.  JOHN  HOSLEY. 

John  Hosley  was  born  May  12, 1826,  in  Hancock,  N.  H., 
of  Revolutionary  stock,  his  grandfather  having  been  a  cap 
tain  in  the  war  of  1775.  He  is  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Sophia  (Wilson)  Hosley  and  was  one  of  a  family  of  nine, 
of  whom  also  survive  Martha  E.,  wife  of  George  G.  Wads- 
worth  of  Franklin,  N.  H.,  and  Lucretia  J.,  wife  of  Oliver 
Dearborn  of  Manchester.  He  was  brought  up  on  his  fath 
er's  farm  and  gained  what  education  the  common  schools 
of  Hancock  afforded  till  he  was  twenty  years  old.  In  1846 
he  came  to  Manchester  and  entered  the  employ  of  Moses 
Fellows  at  Goffe's  Falls  as  a  shoe-cutter  and  continued 
with  him  three  years.  Then  he  entered  one  of  the  weav 
ing-rooms  in  the  Amoskeag  Company's  mills. 

He  continued  in  the  Company's  employ  till  1851  when 
he  went  to  California  and  was  gone  about  two  years.  Upon 
his  return  in  1858  he  went  into  the  grocery  business  in 
company  with  Jacob  Nichols.  After  a  year,  however,  he 
became  an  overseer  in  the  Amoskeag  mills  and  continued 
in  that  position  till  he  was  elected  mayor  in  1865  by  the 
city  councils  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  the 
Hon.  Darwin  J.  Daniels.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was 
elected  by  the  people,  being  nominated  as  a  citizens'  candi 
date,  and  served  through  1866.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  farming  till  1874,  when  he  was  elected 
collector  of  taxes  by  a  Democratic  board  of  mayor  and 
aldermen,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

Mr.  Hosley  represented  ward  one  in  the  common  council 
in  1856  and  1857,  in  the  board  of  education  in  1861  and 
1862,  in  the  board  of  mayor  and  aldermen  in  1863  and 
1864,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  latter  board  from 
ward  six  in  1871.  He  was  a  member  of  the  "  national 
union  convention  "  which  met  at  Philadelphia  in  1865.  He 
is  a  Free  Mason  and  has  been  chosen  master  of  Lafayette 


414  MANCHESTER. 

Lodge  but  declined  the  position,  and  has  held  the  highest 
office  in  Hillsborough  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows.  Mr.  Hosley 
married,  in  1854,  Miss  Dorothy  H.  Jones  of  Weare,  by 
whom  he  has  had  one  child,  Marion  J.,  who  is  living. 

At  a  glance  one  sees  that  Mr.  Hosley  is  a  man  of  no 
common  abilities.  He  has  grown  up  witli  Manchester  as 
town  and  city  and  has  done  his  part  in  moulding  its  policy 
in  governmental  affairs.  He  is  a  man  who  has  had  hereto 
fore  and  always  will  have  a  large  following  of  men  who 
believe  in  his  wisdom,  his  capacity  and  especially  his  strict 
integrity.  His  record  as  a  mayor  showed  well  financially 
and  his  administration  was  one  of  the  most  economical 
ones  in  the  history  of  the  city.  He  is  a  genial  gentleman, 
well  versed  in  the  courtesies  of  life,  and  a  very  close  and 
accurate  observer  of  human  nature. 

THE  HON.  JACOB  F.  JAMES. 

Jacob  F.  James  was  born  in  Deerfield,  N.  H.,  July  9, 
1817,  and  is  the  son  of  Moses  and  Martha  (Young)  James. 
He  had  six  brothers  and  one  sister,  of  whom  there  survive 
Joseph  Y.,  of  Warren,  Fenn.,  Josiah  S.,  of  Raymond,  N.  H., 
and  Mary  F.,  the  wife  of  Loring  Pickering,  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  His  father,  a  farmer,  removed  to  Candia  shortly  af 
ter  the  birth  of  his  son,  and  the  latter  spent  his  boyhood 
in  farming.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  Lowell  and 
became  an  operative  in  one  of  the  carding-rooms  in  a  mill 
owned  by  the  Lowell  Manufacturing  Company. 

After  spending  four  years  in  Lowell,  he  left  the  mills  and 
entered  the  old  Baptist  seminary  at  New  Hampton,  N.  H., 
since  removed  to  Fairfax,  Vt.,  where  he  spent  two  years, 
Dr.  Charles  Wells  and  Joseph  E.  Bennett  of  this  city  being 
pupils  of  the  institution  at  the  same  time.  In  April,  1837, 
he  returned  to  Lowell  to  take  charge  of  the  carding-room 
in  which  he  had  worked,  and,  three  years  later,  he  left  that 


THE  HON.  JACOB  F.  JAMES.  415 

mill  to  superintend  a  carding-room  for  the  Massachusetts 
corporation  in  the  same  place. 

In  February,  1842,  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  come  to 
Manchester  and  take  charge  of  the  two  carding-rooms  in 
number  one  mill  belonging  to  the  Stark  Mills,  and  in  less 
than  two  years  was  made  overseer  of  all  the  carding-rooms 
in  the  yard,  keeping  this  position  till  September,  1845, 
since  when  he  has  devoted  himself  to  making  surveys  and 
conveyances,  a  business  of  which  he  had  acquired  a  knowl 
edge  at  school. 

In  1845  Mr.  James  was  elected,  by  the  Whig  party,  rep 
resentative  to  the  general  court  from  Manchester,  and  was 
re-elected  the  next  year.  In  the  spring  of  1847  he  was 
elected  mayor  and  served  through  1847  and  1848  and  till 
October.  1849,  when  he  was  displaced  by  the  election  of 
Warren  L.  Lane.  He  was  the  nominee  of  the  Republican 
party  in  the  fall  of  1856  and  was  elected  by  a  large  major 
ity,  serving  through  1857.  He  was  the  chief  engineer  of 
the  fire  department  in  1851  and  1855.  In  1862  he  was 
the  second  member  of  the  committee  which  had  charge  of 
building  the  new  high-school  house  and  devoted  consider 
able  time  to  the  superintendence  of  the  work.  He  was  six 
years  one  of  the  county  commissioners  for  Hillsborough 
county,  being  elected  in  1864  and  re-elected  in  1867.  Since 
1867,  as  a  member  of  the  committee  which  has  the  public 
cemeteries  of  the  city  in  charge,  he  has  given  much  atten 
tion  to  their  care  and  decoration.  He  has  been  a  trustee 
of  the  Amoskeag  Savings  Bank  since  its  organization. 

Mr.  James  married,  in  1840,  Harriet,  the  daughter  of 
Charles  Priest  of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  who  is  still  living. 
They  have  had  three  children,  all  of  whom  are  dead. 

Mr.  James  has  borne  a  very  conspicuous  part  in  Man. 
Chester  since  it  became  a  city.  He  has  enjoyed  to  a  remark 
able  degree  the  confidence  of  the  people,  a  confidence  he 
has  never  forfeited.  Honest  and  trustworthy  in  whatever 


416  MANCHESTER. 

position  he  holds,  whether  as  the  highest  official  of  the 
city,  as  the  executor  or  administrator  of  the  numerous  es 
tates  with  the  settlement  of  which  he  has  been  entrusted, 
or  as  a  guardian  of  children,  he  always  discharges  his  du 
ties  conscientiously  and  with  high  notions  of  right  and 
wrong.  Careful,  prudent  and  circumspect,  he  is  highly 
esteemed  by  those  who  have  been  obliged  to  look  to  others 
for  advice  in  business  or  other  relations. 

THE    HON.    WARREN    L.    LANE. 

Warren  Lovejoy  Lane  was  born  at  Sanbornton,  N.  H., 
August  31,  1805,  and  was  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Lydia 
(Lovejoy)  Lane.  He  was  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  two 
sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  he  was  the  last  sur 
vivor.  His  grandfather  on  his  mother's  side  enlisted  as  a 
minute-man  in  the  Revolutionary  War  and  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  died  March  4, 1861,  over 
fifty-five  years  old. 

His  father  died  when  he  was  quite  young,  leaving  him 
the  responsibility  which  falls  upon  the  eldest  son.  He  re 
moved  to  Hampstead,  N.  H.,  when  he  was  about  fourteen 
years  of  age  and  was  apprenticed  to  a  manufacturer  and 
tanner  and  then  was  a  clerk  in  a  country  store.  While  there 
he  married,  September  23, 1827,  Miss  Sally  C.,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Joshua  Sawyer  of  Hampstead,  by  whom  he  had  three 
sons  and  one  daughter,  of  whom  only  Daniel  W.  Lane,  as 
sistant  cashier  of  the  City  National  Bank,  survives.  He 
early  took  an  interest  in  political  matters,  was  often  elected 
to  the  town  offices  and  in  1841  and  1842  represented  Hamp 
stead  in  the  popular  branch  of  the  state  legislature.  While 
a  resident  of  that  town  he  held  a  military  commission  from 
Gov.  Morrill,  Gov.  Harvey  and  Gov.  Harper.  In  1832  he 
received  from  President  Van  Buren  the  appointment  of 
deputy  United  States  marshal  and  took  the  census  of  thir 
teen  towns  in  Rockingham  county. 


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COL.  B.  F.  MARTIN.  417 

In  1842  be  removed  to  Manchester  and  engaged  in  the 
West  India  goods  trade,  but  in  1845  he  was  appointed  post 
master  by  President  Polk  and  served  four  years.  He  had 
been  in  1844  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen  and  in 
1849  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  by  the  Democratic 
party.  In  1850  he  was  the  chief  engineer  of  the  fire  de 
partment  and  the  same  year  was  appointed  special  justice 
of  the  police  court.  In  1851  he  was  appointed  insurance 
commissioner  by  Gov.  Dinsmoor,  and  in  1853  he  was  made 
deputy-sheriff  for  Hillsborough,  Rockingham  and  Merri- 
mack  counties,  holding  that  position  till  the  overthrow  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  1855. 

In  the  early  days  of  Manchester  Mr.  Lane  was  one  of 
the  active,  stirring  and  prominent  men.  Before  he  was  ap 
pointed  special  justice  of  the  police  court  his  reputation 
was  such  that  he  was  made,  by  consent  of  the  parties  inter 
ested,  what  would  now  be  called  a  referee  or  final  arbitra 
tor,  in  numerous  cases.  He  possessed  a  sound,  strong 
mind  and  a  clear  head  and  was  disposed  to  do  what  was 
fair  and  right  between  man  and  man.  His  social  nature 
was  largely  developed  and  he  drew  around  himself  a  large 
circle  of  admiring  friends  who  delighted  to  honor  him  witli 
some  position.  He  always  filled  with  great  acceptance  the 
offices  he  held  and  from  their  number  can  be  deduced  his 
popularity. 

COL.  B.  P.  MARTIN. 

Benjamin  Franklin  Martin  was  born  July  21,  1813,  at 
Peacham,  Vt.  He  is  the  son  of  Truman  and  Mary  (Noyes) 
Martin  and  one  of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daugh 
ters,  of  whom  but  two  besides  himself  survive,  Truman 
and  Hannah  N.,  who  live  on  the  homestead  at  Peacham. 
He  assisted  his  father  in  farming,  acquiring  meanwhile  an 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Peacham  Acad- 


418  MANCHESTER. 

emy,  till  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
Meredith  Bridge  (now  Laconia)  to  learn  the  trade  of  a 
paper-maker  in  his  brother's  mill.  He  spent  one  year 
there  and  then  went  to  Millbury,  Mass.,  and  worked  a  year 
as  a  journeyman  in  a  paper-mill.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
he  went  into  business  with  his  brother-in-law,  the  late 
Thomas  Rice,  at  Newton  Lower  Falls,  Mass.,  where  he  man 
ufactured  paper  till  1844,  when  the  partnership  was  dis 
solved  and  he  bought  a  mill  at  Middleton,  Mass.,  and  re 
mained  there  nine  years. 

In  1853  he  had  perfected  arrangements  to  remove  to 
Lawrence,  Mass.,  but  in  consequence  of  some  inducements 
which  were  offered  him,  he  came  to  Manchester  instead 
and  built  the  Amoskeag  paper-mill  upon  the  upper  canal 
just  above  what  are  now  the  Langdon  mills.  He  sold  it  in 
1865  to  Hudson  Keeney  but  bought  it  again  four  years 
later  and  continued  in  business  as  a  manufacturer  of  pa 
per  till  1874,  when  he  retired,  selling  his  mill  to  John 
Hoyt  &  Company. 

Mr.  Martin  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  of  ward  three 
a  member  of  the  common  council  in  1857  and  1858,  alder 
man  in  1860,  and  representative  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1863  and  1864.  He  acquired  the  rank  of  colonel  by  ser 
vice  upon  Gov.  Gilmore's  staff  in  1863  and  1864,  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  national  Republican  convention  at  Chi 
cago  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President  in 
1860.  In  1859  he  was  an  assistant  engineer  of  the  fire 
department.  He  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Merrimack 
River  Bank  upon  its  organization  in  1845,  became  its  presi 
dent  in  1859,  and  dissolved  his  connection  with  it  the  next 
year.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Merrimack  River  Five 
Cents  Savings  Institution  in  1858,  he  became  one  of  its  trus 
tees  and  was  elected  a  vice-president  in  1860,  resigning  soon 
after.  In  1860  he  was  chosen  to  succeed  David  Gillis  as  a 
director  in  the  Manchester  Bank,  and,  upon  the  formation 


THE  HON.  JOHN  P.  NEWELL.  419 

of  the  Manchester  National  Bank,  was  elected  a  director. 
In  1865  he  was  chosen  a  trustee  of  the  Manchester  Savings 
Bank  and  now  holds  both  of  these  positions.  He  has  been 
a  director  of  the  Manchester  and  Lawrence  Railroad  for 
the  last  ten  years  and  a  director  of  the  Concord  and  Ports 
mouth  Railroad  since  its  name  was  changed  from  that  of 
the  Portsmouth  and  Concord  Railroad. 

Col.  Martin  married,  January  3,  1836,  Mary  Ann  Rice, 
a  sister  of  the  Hon.  Alexander  H.  and  Willard  Rice,  of 
Boston,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  daughters,  of  whom 
Fanny  R.,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  George  B.  Chandler  of 
Manchester,  is  living. 

Col.  Martin  is  a  man  with  a  strong  mind,  clear  and  quick 
to  see,  practical,  well  balanced,  and  his  strong  constitution 
and  active  temperament  have  enabled  him  to  do  a  large 
business  during  his  life  and  to  do  it  with  great  success.  He 
is  a  very  generous  man,  gives  liberally  to  all  benevolent  en 
terprises  and  is  one  of  the  chief  supporters  of  Grace  church. 
He  makes  a  good  citizen  and  has  been  repeatedly  spoken 
of  for  state  senator  and  mayor.  A  man  of  a  courteous, 
gentlemanly,  dignified  bearing,  of  a  strong  social  nature, 
he  has  many  warm  personal  friends. 

THE  HON.  JOHN  P.  NEWELL. 

John  Plumer  Newell  was  born  July  29,  1823,  at  Barn- 
stead,  N.  H.  He  is  the  son  of  William  H.  and  Olive  (Den 
nett)  Newell,  who  are  now  living,  and  was  one  of  thirteen 
children,  of  whom  all  but  one  survive.  They  are  as  follows, 
in  the  order  of  birth:  Moses  D.  of  Elo,  Wis.;  Betsey  H.,  the 
wife  of  David  Clark  of  Farmington ;  Mary  F.,  the  wife  of 
John  Hanscom  of  North  wood ;  Charles  D.  of  Concord  ;  John 
P.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  ;  Harriet,  the  wife  of  Charles 
S.  Emerson  of  Pittsfield ;  Samuel  A.  of  Cato  Falls,  Wis.; 
William  J.  of  Lawrence,  Mass. ;  Olive,  the  wife  of  N.  E. 


420  MANCHESTER. 

Gate  of  Northwood  ;  Albert  M.  of   Gilmanton  ;  Lafayette 
V.  of  Portsmouth  ;  Arthur  C.  of  Farmington. 

Mr.  Newell  spent  his  early  life  upon  his  father's  farm, 
acquiring  an  education  in  the  high  school  at  Barnstead 
and  fitting  for  college  at  the  academies  in  Rochester,  Pitts- 
field  and  Gilmanton.  He  entered  Dartmouth  College  in 
1845  and  graduated  in  1849  at  the  head  of  his  class.  After 
graduating  he  taught  the  academy  at  Pittsfield,  studying 
law  meanwhile  with  A.  F.  L.  Norris,  till  March,  1851,  when 
he  came  to  Manchester  to  take  charge  of  the  high  school , 
which  he  taught  till  the  summer  term  of  1853.  He  then 
resumed  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  S.  H.  &  B.  F. 
Ayer  of  this  city  and  was  admitted  in  August  to  the  bar  of 
Hillsborough  county.  Early  in  the  winter  of  1853  he 
opened  an  office  in  Manchester  and  continued  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  till  the  spring  of  1855,  when  he 
resumed  charge  of  the  high  school,  continuing  its  principal 
till  the  fall  of  1862.  In  May,  1863,  he  became  principal  of 
Pinkerton  Academy  at  Derry,  N.  H.,  and  held  the  position 
till  the  summer  of  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Manchester, 
where  he  has  since  made  his  home,  being  engaged  in  gen 
eral  business. 

Mr.  Newell  was  elected  by  the  city  councils  in  February, 
1873,  mayor  of  Manchester  and  was  one  of  its  representa 
tives  in  the  legislature  in  1872  and  1874.  He  was  elected 
in  1856  president  of  the  first  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso 
ciation  in  this  city  and  served  one  year  and  since  1869  has 
been  the  president  of  the  present  Association.  He  has 
been  since  1872  a  deacon  of  the  Hanover-street  church, 
since  1868  president  of  the  society  connected  with  it  and 
for  ten  years  was  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school. 

Mr.  Newell  married,  August  14,  1855,  Mary  W.,  daugh 
ter  of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Samuel  D.  Bell,  by  whom  he 
had  one  child,  who  died  in  infancy.  His  first  wife  died  Au 
gust  28,  1858,  and  he  married,  January  15, 1863,  Elizabeth 


A.  P.  OLZENDAM.  421 

M.,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  T.  T.  Abbot,  formerly  mayor  of 
the  city,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Mary  Bell,  now  living. 

Mr.  Newell  is  a  fine  scholar,  a  Christian  gentleman  and 
a  pleasant,  agreeable  man.  He  has  always,  whether  mayor 
of  the  city,  teacher  of  the  high  school  or  president  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  of  which  he  has  been  so 
earnest  a  supporter,  exerted  an  elevating  influence  upon 
those  with  whom  he  has  come  in  contact.  He  is  an  able 
and  popular  speaker  and  while  in  the  legislature  was  a 
member  of  commanding  influence.  He  is  painstaking, 
methodical,  conscientious,  in  whatever  position  he  is.  If 
his  nature  was  as  aggressive  as  his  convictions  are  just  and 
his  principles  strong,  he  could  easily  become  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  influential  men  in  the  city. 

A.    P.    OLZENDAM. 

Abraham  Peter  Olzendam  was  born,  October  10,  1821, 
in  Barmen,  Prussia.  He  is  the  son  of  Abraham  P.  and 
Johanna  (Rittershaus)  Olzendam,  and  one  of  a  family  of 
two  sons  and  five  daughters  of  whom  he  is  the  sole  sur 
vivor.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  acquirement  of  a 
common-school  education  and  in  learning  the  arts  of  man 
ufacturing,  dyeing  and  coloring.  In  1848  he  left  his  native 
country  and  came  to  America,  landing  at  New  York.  For 
ten  years  he  lived  in  Massachusetts,  putting  in  practice  in 
different  mills  the  knowledge  of  his  trade  which  he  had 
gained  at  home,  and  then,  in  1858,  caine  to  Manchester 
that  he  might  better  his  fortunes. 

Here  he  was  employed  at  dyeing  and  color-mixing  in  the 
Amoskeag  and  Manchester  mills  till  1862,  when  he  began 
an  independent  business,  starting  a  hosiery-mill  and  con 
tinuing  to  operate  it  ever  since.  Mr.  Olzendam  was  sent 
by  the  Republicans  of  ward  three  as  a  representative  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1873  and  1874.  He  has  been  a  trustee 


422  MANCHESTER. 

of  the  People's  Savings  Bank  since  its  organization  in  Au 
gust,  1874.  He  married,  October  1,  1851,  Therese  Lohrer 
of  Dresden,  Saxony,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children,  of 
whom  five,  Clementine,  Alexander  H.,  Gustavus,  Sidonia 
and  Lewis  survive  and  are  living  at  home.  After  the  death 
of  his  first  wife,  Mr.  Olzeudam  married,  May  8, 1872,  Mrs. 
Susie  J.  Carling. 

Mr.  Olzendam  has  risen  to  a  very  honorable  position  in 
this  city,  primarily  by  closely  attending  to  his  business  as 
a  manufacturer  and  since  then  in  addition  by  showing  him 
self  an  excellent  citizen,  liberal,  high-minded,  disposed  to 
do  what  he  can  to  aid  every  benevolent  object  and  to  fur 
ther  the  growtli  and  prosperity  of  the  city.  Manchester  is 
better  for  his  coming  and  his  staying.  A  genial  gentle 
man,  he  enjoys  the  acquaintance  and  confidence  of  a  large 
number  of  warm  personal  friends.  Many  men,  as  fortune 
favors  them,  withdraw  more  and  more  from  society  and 
give  out  less  and  less  towards  it,  but  society  feels  his  pros 
perity  and  enjoys  with  him  his  success. 

THE    HON.    NATHAN    PARKER. 

Nathan  Parker  was  born  in  Litchfield,  N.  H.,  November 
21,  1808,  and  is  the  son  of  Deacon  Matthew  Parker  and 
Sarah  Underwood,  daughter  of  Judge  James  Underwood 
of  Litchfield.  He  was  the  youngest  of  six  children  and  is 
the  only  survivor.  He  lived  in  Litchfield  till  he  was  six 
teen  or  seventeen  years  of  age,  acquiring  his  education  at 
the  academies  in  that  town  and  in  Henniker,  and  then  went 
into  business  in  Merrimack,  whence  he  removed  in  April, 
1840,  to  Manchester,  continuing  in  trade  and  soon  making 
for  himself  a  large  and  profitable  business.  The  town  was 
then  just  rising  and  Mr.  Parker  sold  large  quantities  of 
goods  to  the  corporations  and  others  who  were  building  fac 
tories  or  houses. 


THE  HON.  NATHAN  PARKER.  423 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  Manchester  Bank  in  1845 
he  became  its  cashier  and  continued  to  hold  the  office  till 
the  Bank  was  dissolved.  He  has  been  the  treasurer  of 
the  Manchester  Savings  Bank  since  it  was  organized  in 
1846  and  a  director  and  president  of  the  Manchester  Na 
tional  Bank  since  it  was  formed  in  1865.  From  1867  to 
1871  he  was  a  director  and  the  treasurer  of  the  Concord 
Railroad,  and  again,  since  1873,  its  treasurer ;  he  was  once 
treasurer  and  for  the  past  two  or  three  years  has  been  a 
director  of  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad  and  for 
the  past  three  or  four  years  a  director  of  the  Concord  & 
Portsmouth  Railroad.  In  1855  and  1856  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate  and  would  have  been  its  president 
if  he  had  been  disposed  to  accept  the  office.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives 
in  1863  and  1864. 

Mr.  Parker  married  in  September,  1837,  Miss  Charlotte 
M.  Riddle  of  Merrimack,  a  grand-daughter  of  Capt.  Isaac 
Riddle,  a  wealthy  farmer,  mill-owner  and  contractor  of 
Bedford,  who  built  the  first  canal-boat  which  was  floated 
on  the  Merrimack  river.  She  died  in  October,  1859,  leav 
ing  one  son,  Walter  M.,  who  is  employed  in  the  Manches 
ter  Savings  Bank. 

Mr.  Parker  belongs  to  a  family  of  able,  clear-headed, 
keen-minded  men,  who  never  act  without  a  reason  and  who 
are  circumspect  and  generally  wise  in  all  their  actions. 
He  is  best  known  to  our  people  as  a  financier  and  there  is 
no  man  in  New  Hampshire  who  enjoys  the  confidence  of 
the  public  in  a  greater  degree  in  this  respect  than  does  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  He  could  have  succeeded  in  any 
profession  in  life,  whether  that  of  a  merchant,  lawyer,  rail 
way  manager  or  manufacturer.  He  finally  chose  the  busi 
ness  of  banking  and  has  always  looked  upon  the  money 
placed  in  his  keeping  through  the  different  banks  he  man 
ages  as  funds  in  trust  for  him  to  care  for  according  to  the 


424  MANCHESTER. 

best  of  his  ability.  As  a  result,  he  has  always  kept  the  in 
vestments  on  the  safe  side,  running  no  risks  and  meeting 
with  no  losses  to  speak  of.  All  the  institutions  with  which 
lie  has  been  connected  have  been  very  successful,  managed 
with  a  conscientious  scrupulousness  and  with  a  due  regard 
for  the  acts  of  incorporation.  He  is  a  pattern  banker  and 
his  name  has  become  a  synonym  with  honesty. 

THE  HON.  C.  E.  POTTER. 

Chandler  Eastman  Potter  was  born  March  7,  1807,  at 
Concord,  N.  H.,  and  was  the  youngest  of  the  four  sons  of 
Joseph  and  Anna  (Drake)  Potter,  of  whom  none  now  sur 
vive.  His  childhood  and  youth  were  spent  at  home  upon 
his  father's  farm  and  in  attending  the  district  school  till  he 
was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  the  academy  at 
Pembroke,  N.  H.,  and  was  there  fitted  for  college  under 
Master  John  Vose.  He  entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1827 
and  graduated  in  1831.  He  taught  in  1832, 1833  and  1834 
select  or  high  schools,  in  Concord  one  year  and  in  Ports 
mouth,  N.  H.,  two,  and  in  1835  was  sent  from  the  latter 
town  a  representative  to  the  state  legislature.  He  again 
taught  in  the  high  school  in  Portsmouth  from  1835  to  1838, 
reading  law  while  there  with  the  Hon.  Ichabod  Bartlett  and 
afterwards,  from  1841  to  1843,  with  Pierce  &  Fowler  at 
Concord. 

He  then  began  practice  at  East  Concord  and  in  March, 
1844,  came  to  Manchester  and  became  the  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Manchester  Democrat,  which  position  he  con 
tinued  to  hold  till  the  fall  of  1848  when  he  sold  the  paper. 
He  had  already,  in  June,  1848,  been  appointed  justice  of 
the  police  court  of  Manchester  and  retained  that  office  till 
July,  1855.  In  1852  and  1853  he  edited  the  Farmers' 
Monthly  Visitor  and  in  1854  and  1855  the  Granite  Farmer 
&  Visitor. 


THE  HON.  C.  E.  POTTER.  425 

Judge  Potter  married,  November  1,  1832,  Miss  Clara  A., 
daughter  of  John  Underwood  of  Portsmouth.  She  died  at 
Manchester  March  19,  1854.  To  them  were  born  four 
children,  of  whom  Joseph  H.,  of  Hillsborough,  N.  H.,  and 
Treat  of  this  city  survive.  His  second  marriage,  Novem 
ber  11,  1856,  was  with  Miss  Frances  Maria,  daughter  of 
Gen.  John  McNeil  of  Hillsborough,  a  soldier  of  1812. 
After  this  marriage  Judge  Potter  took  up  his  residence  in 
Hillsborough  upon  the  Gov.  Pierce  farm,  in  the  cultivation 
of  which  he  found  employment.  He  died  suddenly,  August 
3,  1868,  at  Flint,  Mich.,  whither  he  had  gone  in  the  previ 
ous  July  to  look  after  some  property. 

Judge  Potter  was  an  antiquarian  in  taste,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Historical  Society  in  1841, 
one  of  its  vice-presidents  in  1852  and  its  president  in  1855, 
1856  and  1857.  He  was  elected  in  1851  a  corresponding 
member  of  the  New  England  Historic-Genealogical  Soci 
ety,  and  in  1856  a  corresponding  member  of  the  Maryland 
Historical  Society.  He  was  the  author  of  a  history  of  Man 
chester,  which  was  published  in  1856,  and  of  the  military 
history  of  New  Hampshire  from  1623  to  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  in  1861,  partially  revised  Belknap's  History  of 
New  Hampshire  and  was  a  voluminous  writer  otherwise. 

Judge  Potter  had  much  natural  ability,  but  he  was  so 
constituted  that  he  did  not  bring  out  the  great  powers  of 
his  mind  except  on  compulsion.  He  needed  the  stimulus 
of  friends  or  the  inspiration  of  a  great  occasion  to  do  him 
self  full  justice,  and  always  put  off  the  labor  of  preparation 
till  the  last  minute .  He  had  a  vast  store  of  information 
upon  historical  subjects  and  a  great  fund  of  personal  anec 
dotes  with  which  he  was  wont  to  amuse  and  interest  his 
friends.  He  was  well  informed  upon  all  the  topics  of  the 
day,  political,  educational  and  moral,  talked  ably  and  was 
remarkably  entertaining  in  conversation,  but  disliked  the 
task  of  writing  out  his  thoughts.  With  a  short-hand 

27 


426  MANCHESTER. 

reporter  to  take  down  his  thoughts  as  he  uttered  them,  he 
could  have  furnished  daily  enough  matter  for  the  leading 
articles  in  a  good-sized  newspaper. 

GEN.  WILLIAM  P.  RIDDLE. 

William  Pickle  Riddle  was  born  in  Bedford,  N.  H.,  April 
6,  1789,  being  named  for  a  well-known  clergyman  of  that 
town,  and  died  in  Piscataquog  village  in  Manchester  of 
neuralgia  May  18,  1875,  being  then  over  eighty-six  years  of 
age.  He  was  the  eldest  of  the  five  sons  of  Isaac  and 
Ann  (Aiken)  Riddle,  of  whom  Isaac,  of  this  city,  is  now 
living.  There  were  three  children  by  a  subsequent  mar 
riage,  of  whom  one,  Margaret  Ann,  wife  of  Gen.  Joseph  C. 
Stevens  of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  survives.  Mr.  Riddle  was  the 
grandson  of  Gawn  Riddle,  who  came  over  with  his  brothers 
from  the  north  of  Ireland,  being  of  Scotch  extraction,  and 
settled  in  Londonderry  about  1787,  whence  they  removed 
to  Bedford  about  1758. 

Mr.  Riddle  was  educated  at  the  academy  in  Atkinson, 
N.  H.,  and,  when  twenty-two  years  old,  engaged  in  trade 
in  Piscataquog  village.  With  his  father  and  two  brothers 
he  formed  the  firm  of  Isaac  Riddle  &  Sons,  which  was 
largely  engaged  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing  business, 
and  as  one  of  the  firm  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  con 
struction  of  the  Union  Locks  and  Canals  by  which  the  Mer- 
rimack  was  made  navigable  from  Concord  to  Lowell  and 
in  the  establishment  of  a  line  of  daily  canal-boats  from 
Concord  and  Boston.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  in 
1830,  the  firm  was  dissolved  and  he  carried  on  the  business, 
both  at  Bedford  and  Merrimack,  in  his  own  name,  manag 
ing  saw-mills,  grist-mills  and  stores,  operating  in  woodlands 
and  continuing  the  boating  and  rafting  business  till  the 
Concord  railway  was  built  in  1842.  The  old  yellow  store 
in  Piscataquog  village  was  the  scene  of  most  of  his  opera- 


GEN.  WILLIAM  P.  RIDDLE.  427 

tions  and  his  business  was  very  extensive.  He  famished 
building  lumber  for  Lowell,  Boston  and  Newburyport,  spars 
and  ship-timber  for  the  United  States  navy-yard  at  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  and  material  for  the  railways  then  being  built 
in  Massachusetts.  He  dealt  largely  in  hops,  buying  them 
all  over  this  state,  Vermont  and  Canada,  marketing  them 
in  Boston,  New  York  and  Philadelphia  and  sometimes 
exporting  them.  In  1846,  having  been  for  a  number  of 
years  deputy-inspector  of  hops,  he  was  made  inspector-gen 
eral  for  the  state  and  held  the  office  as  long  as  it  was  in 
existence.  The  Piscataquog  steam-mills  were  built  by  him 
in  1848.  About  1860  he  retired  from  active  business.  He 
was  always  much  engaged  in  agriculture,  owning  several 
farms,  and  was  a  patron  of  the  state  and  county  fairs. 

He  had  from  his  youth  a  taste  for  military  affairs.  When 
but  twenty-five  years  of  age  he  organized  a  company  known 
as  the  "  Bedford  Grenadiers"  and  was  its  first  captain. 
Five  years  later  he  was  promoted  to  be  major  of  the  old 
Ninth  regiment  of  state  militia  and  rose  tli rough  the  ranks 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel  and  brigadier-general  to  that 
of  major-general,  which  position  he  held  till  his  resignation 
in  1835.  He  also  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  Amos- 
keag  Veterans  in  1854  and  was  their  first  commander. 

Gen.  Riddle  was  a  prominent  man  in  civil  affairs,  fre 
quently  moderator  of  the  town-meetings,  representative  to 
the  legislature,  county  road-commissioner,  etc.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  association  which  built  the  old  Piscataquog 
meeting-house  in  1820  and  was  one  of  the  building  com 
mittee.  He  superintended  the  construction  of  many  of  the 
bridges  across  the  Piscataquog  river  and  was  the  presi 
dent  of  the  Granite  Bridge  Company  which  built  the  toll- 
bridge  across  the  Merrimack  at  Merrill's  Falls  where 
Granite  Bridge  now  is. 

Gen.  Riddle  became  a  Mason  in  1823  and  in  the  suc 
ceeding  year  was  active  in  the  formation  of  Lafayette  Lodge, 


428  MANCHESTER. 

which  was  started  in  Bedford  but  removed  to  this  city.  He 
was  one  of  its  charter  members,  allowed  it  the  use  of  his 
hall  for  twenty-five  years  without  compensation  and  was 
the  last  survivor  but  one,  if  not  the  last,  of  its  projectors. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  Mt.  Horeb  Royal  Arch  Chapter 
and  of  Trinity  Commandry  of  Knights  Templars. 

In  politics  Gen.  Riddle  was  first  a  Whig  and  afterwards 
a  Republican  and  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  government 
during  the  late  War  of  the  Rebellion.  In  religion  he  was 
a  Unitarian  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  First  Uni 
tarian  church  in  this  city, 

He  married  in  1824  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Capt.  John 
Ferguson  of  Dunbarton,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  had  seven  chil 
dren,  of  whom  three  survive  —  George  W.  of  this  city, 
William  Q.  of  New  York  city  and  Daniel  W.  of  Waterloo, 
N.  Y.  This  sketch  of  his  life  shows  him  to  have  been  one 
of  the  most  prominent  men  of  his  day  in  this  section  of  the 
state  of  New  Hampshire.  His  mind  was  of  a  very  practical 
turn,  keen  and  active,  and  executive  ability  was  one  of  his 
most  conspicuous  characteristics.  He  belonged  to  the  old 
school  of  gentlemen,  liberal,  genial  and  hospitable,  and  fill 
ed  with  credit  the  various  places  of  responsibility  to  which 
he  was  called. 

COL.  WATERMAN  SMITH. 

Waterman  Smith  was  born,  July  16,  1816,  in  Smithfield, 
R.  I.,  which  had  been  originally  granted  to  his  ancestors, 
for  whom  it  was  named.  He  is  the  son  of  Waterman  and 
Sally  (Cory)  Smith  and  is  descended  from  Quaker  ancestry 
on  both  sides.  He  had  five  brothers  and  three  sisters,  of 
whom  there  survive  Elisha  A.  and  Martin  H.,  living  in 
Cranston,  R.  I.,  and  Ann  Eliza  and  Sarah  A.,  living  in 
Providence,  R.  I. 

He  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm  and  was  educated 


COL.  WATERMAN  SMITH.  429 

from  the  time  he  was  seven  till  he  was  fourteen  in  Green 
ville  Academy  in  his  native  town.  Then  he  was  sent  to 
Bolton  Seminary,  a  Quaker  institution  in  Bolton,  Mass., 
and  remained  there  four  years,  returning  to  Smithfield  to 
learn  the  machinist's  trade  in  his  father's  shop.  He  spent 
two  years  there  and  then  three  more  in  learning  manufac 
turing  in  his  brother's  cotton-mill  in  Cumberland,  R.  I. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  he  went  to  Thompson,  Conn.,  to 
superintend  the  Slater  Mills. 

When  the  property  was  sold  in  1842  he  went  to  Scituate, 
R.  I.,  to  fit  up  a  carding-room  for  Brown  &  Huse,  and  con 
tinued  in  their  employ  about  two  years.  Then  he  went  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  spent  five  or  six  years  as  the  super 
intendent  of  the  John  L.  Hughes  Mills.  Returning  to 
Smithfield,  he  remained  there  about  three  years,  in  charge 
of  the  Georgia  Mills.  In  1851  he  went  to  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  to 
re-fit  for  J.  C.  Howe  &  Company,  of  Boston,  the  Ogden 
Mills  there.  In  March,  1853,  he  came  to  Manchester  and 
became  the  agent  of  the  Manchester  Print- Works,  of  which 
J.  C.  Howe  &  Company  were  the  selling  agents.  He  re 
mained  in  this  position  till  July,  1871,  when  he  resigned 
and  went  to  California,  spending  a  year  in  traveling  over 
that  state,  several  of  the  western  territories  and  part  of  the 
British  dominions.  Since  his  return  in  1872  he  has  been 
chiefly  occupied  in  the  care  of  his  property.  During  the 
thirty  one  years  from  1840  to  1871  there  were  but  three 
months  when  he  was  not  engaged  in  manufacturing. 

Col.  Smith,  politically,  has  been  a  Whig  and  a  Republi 
can  and  now  calls  himself  a  Liberal  Republican.  He  ac 
quired  the  rank  of  colonel  by  service  on  Gov.  Smyth's 
staff  in  1865.  He  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  education 
in  this  city  from  1860  to  1867,  and  has  taken  a  personal 
interest  in  the  construction  of  school-houses.  During  the 
existence  of  the  Merrimack  River  Bank  he  was  one  of  its 
directors  and  after  1860  its  president,  and  he  has  been 


430  MANCHESTER. 

president  of  the  First  National  Bank  and  the  Merrimack 
River  Savings  Bank  from  their  beginning. 

Col.  Smith  married  in  1840  at  Thompson,  Conn.,  Anna 
C.,  eldest  daughter  of  Shadrach  Randall  of  North  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  sons  and  five  daugh 
ters,  of  whom  the  latter  only  survive.  Sally  W.,  is  the  wife 
of  John  H.  Andrews  of  this  city ;  Nattie  B.,  is  the  wife  of 
Capt.  J.  C.  Currier  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ;  Harriet  Newell 
is  the  wife  of  Harry  H.  Hale  of  Boston,  Mass.  ;  and  Au 
gusta  G.,  and  Nellie  are  living  at  home  in  this  city. 

Col.  Smith  is  a  man  of  line  personal  appearance,  tall, 
strong  and  of  great  muscular  activity.  Being  so  consti 
tuted  and  possessing  a  strong  mental  endowment  besides, 
he  naturally  attracts  the  public  attention  in  all  his  move 
ments.  He  can  do  nothing  on  a  small  scale.  All  his  plans 
are  for  large  enterprises  with  great  combinations  of  forces, 
whether  as  a  manufacturer,  builder,  operator  in  real  estate 
or  farmer.  He  is  continually  uneasy  at  not  doing  a  larger 
business,  his  mind  is  never  at  rest,  and  if  he  had  nothing  to 
do,  he  would  be  miserable.  He  is  always  seeking  new  fields 
of  thought  and  adventure.  Yet  he  is  cautious  and  prudent, 
and  has  amassed  a  very  handsome  property.  While  he  was 
the  agent  of  the  Manchester  Print- Works,  he  worked  hard 
early  and  late  for  the  prosperity  of  that  corporation,  and,  as 
a  rule,  seems  to  have  made  it  a  point  to  do  all  he  under 
takes  to  do  thoroughly. 

THE   HON.    FREDERICK    SMYTH. 

Frederick  Smyth  was  born  in  Candia,  N.  H.,  March  9, 
1819.  He  is  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Dolly  (Rowe)  Smyth 
—  she  being  a  daughter  of  Isaiah  Rowe,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution  —  and  was  one  of  a  family  of  five  children, 
three  sons  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  three  besides  him 
self  survive,  —  Oilman  C.,  of  this  city,  Abraham  C.,  who 


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THE  HON.  FREDERICK  SMYTH.  431 

resides  in  Missouri,  and  Sarah,  the  widow  of  the  late  Jacob 
S.  York  of  this  city.  He  spent  his  early  life  in  working 
upon  his  father's  farm  and  in  acquiring  an  education  at 
the  district-school  and,  for  a  short  time,  under  Dr.  Cole- 
man  at  Andover,  Mass.,  and  then  went  into  trade  in  Can- 
dia  in  partnership  with  Thomas  Wheat.  In  1838  they 
abandoned  the  business  and  came  to  Manchester,  where 
Dr.  Wheat  is  now  a  physician.  Mr.  Smyth,  then  nine 
teen  years  of  age,  became  a  clerk  in  a  large  dry-goods  and 
grocery  store,  and  subsequently  went  into  business  for 
himself.  In  1844  he  married  Emily,  daughter  of  John 
Lane  of  Candia,  but  has  had  no  children. 

In  1849, 1850  and  1851  he  was  city  clerk.  In  1852, 1853 
and  1854  he  was  elected  mayor,  each  time  by  increased  ma 
jorities,  and  again  in  1864,  when  there  was  hardly  any  op 
position.  He  has  been  conspicuous  in  connection  with  many 
improvements,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  planting 
of  many  of  the  trees  which  shade  the  city's  streets,  the 
establishment  of  the  free  public  library  and  the  annexation 
of  Amoskeag  and  Piscataquog  villages.  In  1855  he  was 
appointed  by  Gov.  Metcalf  chairman  of  a  board  of  commis 
sioners  to  locate  and  build  a  house  of  reformation  for  juve 
nile  offenders,  which  they  accomplished  in  the  face  of 
much  opposition.  In  1857  and  1858  he  was  a  member 
from  Manchester  of  the  popular  branch  of  the  state  legis 
lature. 

In  1861  he  was  appointed  by  the  United  States  govern 
ment  a  commissioner  to  the  International  Exhibition  at 
London,  England,  and  acted  as  one  of  the  jurors  at  the 
distribution  of  the  awards.  At  that  time  he  made  an  ex 
tended  tour  upon  the  continent  of  Europe  as  a  commis 
sioner  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society.  In  1865 
he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  and  re-elected  in  1866. 
In  1865  he  received  from  Dartmouth  College  the  honorary 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  1866  he  was  chosen  by  Con- 


432  MANCHESTER. 

gress,  for  six  years,  one  of  the  managers  of  the  national 
asylums  for  disabled  soldiers,  and  was  re-elected  in  1872 
for  another  term  of  six  years. 

Gov.  Smyth  was  elected  in  1851  treasurer  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Agricultural  Society,  and  served  for  some  ten 
years,  when  he  was  chosen  president,  holding  the  office  sev 
eral  years.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  New  Hampshire  College 
of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  a  vice-president  of 
the  New  England  Agricultural  Society  and  the  United 
States  Pomological  Society  and  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
United  States  Agricultural  Society.  He  was  cashier  of  the 
Merrimack  River  Bank  from  its  formation  in  1856  till  it 
gave  place  in  1865  to  the  First  National  Bank,  of  which  he 
has  been  the  cashier  since  its  organization  and  a  director 
since  1870.  He  has  also  been  a  trustee  and  the  treasurer  of 
the  Merrimack  River  Savings  Bank  since  its  organization 
in  1858. 

Gov.  Smyth  has  made  a  name  not  only  in  this  city  and 
state  but  in  the  nation.  He  is  self-made  in  the  strongest 
sense  of  that  term,  and,  with  no  money  but  what  his  own 
hands  earned  and  with  no  education  except  that  which  he 
picked  up  at  the  school  and  academy,  he  has  risen  from 
the  humblest  sphere  in  life  to  the  highest  offices  in  the  city 
or  in  the  gift  of  the  people  of  New  Hampshire.  With  the 
principles  he  learned  at  home  of  love  for  the  Bible,  the 
church  and  the  school-house,  with  a  sharp,  keen,  well-bal 
anced  mind,  with  an  activity  and  persistency  that  never 
tire,  he  has  been  able  to  accomplish  such  great  results  as 
are  indicated  in  the  preceding  sketch.  Of  a  generous  and 
obliging  nature,  with  an  instinctive  disposition  to  help  all 
who  came  to  him  for  advice,  for  money  or  for  position, 
though  they  came  from  the  lowest  walks  of  life,  he  has 
always  possessed  the  elements  of  great  popularity,  and, 
as  mayor  of  the  city  for  several  terms  and  as  governor  of 
the  state,  he  has  been  excelled  by  no  one  in  this  respect. 


THE  HON.  C.  W.  STANLEY.  433 

During  the  war  he  was  a  great  worker  for  the  soldiers  at 
home  and  in  the  camp,  doing  all  he  could  for  their  personal 
comfort.  He  has  many  warm  personal  friends  and  stands 
by  them  to  the  last.  As  a  financier,  he  has  been  remark 
ably  successful,  but,  possessed,  as  he  is,  of  great  executive 
ability,  would  have  succeeded  as  well  in  other  callings  in 
life.  He  stands  preeminent  as  a  citizen,  ever  ready  to  do 
his  part  for  education,  morality,  religion  or  for  whatever 
pertains  to  the  general  adornment  of  the  city. 

THE  HON.    C.   W.   STANLEY. 

Clinton  Warrington  Stanley  was  born  December  5, 1830, 
at  Hopkinton,N.  H.  He  is  the  son  of  Horace  C.,  and  Mary 
Ann  (Kimball)  Stanley  and  had  two  brothers  and  one  sis 
ter.  The  brothers  are  now  living  —  Benton  M.  P.,  at  New 
London,  N.  H.,  and  Edward  W.,  on  the  homestead  at  Hop- 
kinton.  He  acquired  his  preliminary  education  at  the  dis 
trict-school  and  academy  in  Hopkinton  and  entered  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1845  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  being  the 
youngest  man  in  his  class.  He  graduated  in  1849  and  be 
gan  the  study  of  law,  pursuing  it  at  first  in  Hopkinton  with 
the  Hon.  Hamilton  E.  Perkins,  now  of  Concord,  from  July, 
1849,  till  April,  1851,  and  then  with  the  Hon.  George  W. 
Morrison  of  this  city. 

August  9,  1852,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Hillsbor- 
ough  county  from  Mr.  Morrison's  office  and  then  went  to 
Hopkinton,  where  he  remained  till  April,  1853,  when  he  re 
turned  to  Manchester  and  began  practice  in  company  with 
Mr.  Morrison.  The  partnership  has  since  existed  in  vari 
ous  forms,  John  L.  Fitch,  now  deceased,  Lewis  W.  Clark 
and  Frank  Hiland  being  at  times  partners,  till  September 
11,  1874,  when  Mr.  Stanley  accepted  the  appointment  of 
associate  justice  of  the  circuit  court  of  this  state,  which 
position  he  now  holds.  He  has  held  the  office  of  United 


434  MANCHESTER. 

States  commissioner  from  1857  to  the  present  time  and 
has  been  president  of  the  City  National  Bank  since  its 
organization  in  1865.  He  married,  December  24,  1857, 
Miss  Lydia  A.  Woodbury  of  Weare,  N.  H.  He  has  no 
children. 

Judge  Stanley's  intellect  places  him  in  the  foremost  rank 
of  able  men  in  the  state.  With  remarkable  natural  capac 
ity,  a  quick  and  vigorous  thinker,  he  has  the  art  of  putting 
his  thoughts  without  difficulty  into  practical  forms.  He 
excels  in  whatever  he  turns  his  attention  to,  whether  law, 
finance  or  politics.  He  grapples  very  readily  with  any 
new  subject  that  arises  and  should  he  occupy  the  bench 
many  years  would  be  eminent  as  a  judge.  His  mind  is 
very  active,  he  keeps  himself  familiar  with  all  the  ques 
tions  of  the  day  and  has  his  own  opinions  on  all  of  them. 
A  man  of  quick  comprehension  and  large  energy,  he  has 
been  able  to  do  a  great  deal  of  mental  labor.  He  has  been 
very  successful  as  a  lawyer,  attending  to  the  finances  and 
practical  work  of  an  office  which  has  done  a  large  business 
for  many  years. 

THE  HON.  E.  A.  STRAW. 

Ezekiel  Albert  Straw  was  born  in  Salisbury,  N.  H., 
December  30, 1819.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  James  B.  and 
Mehitable  (Fisk)  Straw  and  one  of  a  family  of  seven  chil 
dren,  five  sons  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  three  besides 
himself  survive  —  Miranda,  wife  of  Benjamin  F.  Manning, 
Abigail  and  James  B.,  all  resident  in  Manchester.  His 
father,  after  a  few  years'  residence  in  this  state,  removed 
to  Lowell,  Mass.,  where  he  entered  into  the  service  of  the 
Appleton  Manufacturing  Company.  Mr.  Straw  acquired 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  Lowell  and  in  the  English 
department  of  Phillips  Academy  at  Andover,  Mass.,  where 
he  gave  especial  attention  to  practical  mathematics. 

Upon  leaving  this  institution,  he  was,  in  the  spring  of 


THE  HON.  E.  A.  STRAW.  435 

1838,  employed  as  assistant  civil  engineer  upon  the  Nashua 
and  Lowell  railway,  then  in  process  of  construction.  In 
July,  1838,  he  was  sent  for  by  Mr.  Boyden,  the  consulting 
engineer  of  the  Ainoskeag  Manufacturing  Company,  to  take 
the  place  of  T.  J.  Carter,  the  regular  engineer,  who  was 
kept  from  work  by  sickness.  He  came  to  this  city  July  4, 
1838,  expecting  to  remain  but  a  few  days,  and  has  ever 
since  made  it  his  home.  This  was  before  a  mill  had  been 
built  upon  the  eastern  side  of  the  river  and  before  the  Com 
pany's  first  public  sale  of  land.  Among  his  first  duties 
were  the  laying  out  of  the  lots  and  streets  in  what  is  now 
the  compact  part  of  the  city  and  assisting  in  the  construc 
tion  of  the  dam  and  canals.  In  November,  1844,  he  was 
sent  by  the  Amoskeag  Company  to  England  and  Scotland 
to  obtain  the  information  and  machinery  necessary  for 
making  and  printing  muslin  delaines,  and  the  success  of 
the  Manchester  Print- Works,  which  first  introduced  this 
manufacture  into  the  United  States,  was  due  to  the  knowl 
edge  and  skill  he  then  acquired.  He  continued  in  the  em 
ploy  of  the  Amoskeag  Company  as  civil  engineer  until 
July,  1851,  when  he  was  appointed  the  agent  of  the  land 
and  water-power  department  of  the  Company,  that,  the 
mills  and  the  machine-shops  then  being  managed  sepa 
rately  under  different  agents.  In  July,  1856,  the  first  two 
were  united  and  put  in  charge  of  Mr.  Straw,  and  in  July, 
1858,  all  three  were  combined  under  one  management  and 
Mr.  Straw  assumed  the  entire  control  at  Manchester  of  the 
Company's  operations. 

Mr.  Straw  was  prominent  in  the  early  years  of  the  town's 
prosperity  in  connection  with  all  its  material  improvements 
and  has  always  retained  his  interest  in  the  city.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  to  provide  plans  and  specifica 
tions  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  town-house  in  1844  and  one 
of  the  first  committee "  appointed  to  devise  plans  for  the 
introduction  of  water  into  the  town.  He  has  been  con- 


436  MANCHESTER. 

nected  with  all  the  subsequent  plans  for  the  same  purpose 
and  when  the  board  of  water  commissioners,  who  have  had 
charge  of  the  construction  of  the  present  water-works,  was 
appointed,  in  1871,  he  was  made  its  president  and  has  held 
the  office  ever  since.  He  was  chosen  in  1854  a  member  of 
the  first  board  of  trustees  of  the  public  library  and  has 
held  the  office  ever  since,  the  present  library  building, 
erected  in  1871,  owing  much  to  his  interest  and  care. 

Mr.  Straw  was  elected  in  1859  representative  from 
Manchester  to  the  state  legislature,  was  re-elected  in  1860, 
1861,  1862  and  1863,  and  during  the  last  three  years  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  finance.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate  and  was  re-elected  in  1865, 
being  chosen  its  president  in  the  latter  year.  He  was  also 
chosen  on  the  part  of  the  senate  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  superintend  the  rebuilding  of  the  state-house.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Stearns  a  member  of  his  staff.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  of  New  Hampshire 
governor  of  the  state  and  re-elected  in  1873.  In  1870  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Grant  the  member  from  New 
Hampshire  of  the  commission  to  arrange  for  the  centennial 
celebration  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1876,  and  is  one  of  the  executive  board 
of  that  commission. 

Gov.  Straw  was  the  treasurer  and  principal  owner  of  the 
Namaske  Mills  from  its  organization  in  1856  till  its  dissolu 
tion,  and  after  1864  its  sole  proprietor.  In  1874  he  was 
chosen  a  director  of  the  Langdon  Mills.  He  was  the  pres 
ident  and  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Blodget  Edge  Tool 
Manufacturing  Company  from  its  organization  in  1855  till 
its  dissolution  in  1862,  and  since  that  time  has  been  a 
director  of  the  Amoskeag  Axe  Company  which  succeeded 
it.  He  was  one  of  the  first  directors  of  the  Manchester  Gas- 
Light  Company  when  it  was  organized  in  1851  and  has 
been  its  president  since  1856.  Since  the  organization  of 


THE  HON.  E.  A.  STRAW.  437 

the  New  England  Cotton  Manufacturers'  Association  he 
has  been  its  president  and  president  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Fire  Insurance  Company  since  it  was  organized  in  1869. 
He  has  received  the  honorary  degree  of  master  of  arts  from 
Dartmouth  College.  Gov.  Straw  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  First  Unitarian  society  in  1842,  its  clerk  and  treasurer 
from  that  time  till  1844,  its  president  from  1853  to  1857, 
and  was  the  chairman  of  the  committee  which  built  its 
present  house  of  worship. 

Gov.  Straw  married,  April  6,  1842,  at  Amesbury,  Mass., 
Miss  Charlotte  Smith  Webster,  who  died  in  Manchester, 
March  15,  1852.  To  them  were  born  four  children- 
Albert,  who  died  in  infancy  ;  Charlotte  Webster,  the  wife 
of  William  H.  Howard  of  Somerville,  Mass.;  Herman  Fos 
ter,  assistant  superintendent  of  the  Arnoskeag  Company's 
mills  in  Manchester;  Ellen,  the  wife  of  Henry  M.  Thomp 
son,  formerly  agent  of  the  Manchester  Print-Works  and 
now  agent  of  the  Lowell  Felting  Company  at  Lowell,  Mass. 

Gov.  htraw,  in  our  judgment,  is  the  ablest  man  in  New 
Hampshire.  In  a  room  full  of  people,  the  judges  of  our 
courts,  the  managers  of  our  railways,  the  professors  of  our 
colleges,  he  would  take  the  lead  of  all.  He  is  conversant 
with  more  subjects  than  any  man  we  know  of,  whether  art 
or  science,  manufactures  or  financial  themes.  He  is  a 
great  reader  and  his  tenacious  memory  makes  all  he  reads 
his  own.  Not  long  after  he  came  to  this  city,  the  Amos- 
keag  Company  began  to  look  upon  him  as  competent  to 
manage  its  whole  business  and  it  gradually  fell  into  his 
hands.  In  time  the  other  corporations,  the  city  and  the 
state  looked  to  him  for  advice,  and  for  many  years  he  has 
been  the  foremost  man  in  Manchester  and  for  the  past  few 
years  the  leading  man  in  shaping  the  policy  of  the  state. 
Of  great  mental  capacities,  he  is  able  to  turn  off  a  vast 
amount  of  work  with  the  greatest  ease.  He  never  seems 
in  a  hurry,  though  probably  surrounded  by  more  business 


438  MANCHESTER. 

than  any  other  man  in  the  state.  He  never  looks  to  others 
for  his  opinions,  and,  though  willing  to  fall  into  line  with 
his  friends  and  his  party  in  non-essential  things,  he  cannot 
be  swerved  from  his  ideas  of  what  is  right  by  political  con 
siderations  or  fear  of  unpopularity.  He  enjoys  trutli  and 
takes  pleasure  in  doing  what  his  judgment  dictates.  A 
very  generous  man,  liberal  in  his  gifts  to  the  poor  and  to 
all  charitable  institutions,  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
man  is  Manchester  indebted  for  its  great  prosperity. 

D.  B.  VARNEY. 

David  Blake  Varney  was  born  in  Tuftonborough,  N.  H., 
August  27,  1822.  He  is  the  son  of  Luther  and  Lydia 
(Blake)  Varney,  and  was  one  of  four  children,  two  sons 
and  two  daughters,  of  whom,  besides  himself,  one  brother 
survives — Edward,  who  resides  in  Boston.  When  four 
years  of  age  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Dover,  N.  H., 
where  he  remained  till  lie  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  help 
ing  his  father  upon  the  farm  and  acquiring  an  education  in 
the  Dover  schools.  In  1888  he  went  to  Portsmouth  to 
learn  the  trade  of  a  machinist,  where  he  spent  three  years. 
Then  returning  to  Dover  he  worked  two  years  there  and 
in  March,  1843,  came  to  this  city  and  worked  at  his  trade 
in  the  Amoskeag  Company's  machine-shop.  In  1854  he 
was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  locomotive  depart 
ment  and  remained  in  the  shop  tilM857. 

He  then  entered  into  partnership  with  H.  I.  Darling, 
for  the  manufacture  of  brass  and  copper  work,  and  the 
firm,  under  the  name  of  Darling  &  Varney,  began  business 
in  the  foundry  on  Manchester  street.  Mr.  Darling  died  in 
1868  and  left  him  proprietor  of  an  extensive  business, 
which  he  has  since  managed  alone.  Mr.  Varney  was  a 
member  from  ward  three  in  this  city  of  the  popular  branch 
of  the  state  legislature  in  1871  and  1872  and  has  been  a 


THE  REV.  C.  W.  WALLACE.  439 

director  of  the  Amoskeag  National  Bank  since  January, 
1874.  He  married  in  1848  Harriet  B.  Kimball  of  this  city, 
by  whom  he  has  had  three  daughters,  of  whom  two  are  now 
living — Emma  L.  and  Annie  M. 

Mr.  Variiey  has  been  a  very  popular  man  with  all  who 
knew  him  ever  since  he  came  to  this  city.  His  mental 
qualities  are  all  good  and  practical  and  always  at  his  com 
mand.  Indebted  to  his  own  skill  and  forethought  for  his 
pecuniary  success,  liberal  and  genial,  he  has  always  been  a 
highly  respected  citizen.  He  is  a  man  who  could  obtain 
the  suffrages  of  the  people  whenever  he  would  allow  his 
name  to  be  used,  but  he  has  never  been  ambitious  to  hold 
a  conspicuous  place  in  public  affairs. 

THE    REV.    C.    W.    WALLACE. 

Cyrus  Washington  Wallace  was  born  in  Bedford,  March 
8,  1805.  He  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Mercy  (Frye) 
Wallace,  and  was  one  of  a  family  of  five  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  of  whom  two  besides  himself  are  living — Alfred, 
resident  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  Mrs.  Hannah  Pollard 
of  Woburn,  Mass.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  agricultural 
and  mechanical  pursuits  and  he  acquired  an  education  in 
the  district-school  of  his  native  town  and  at  Oberlin  Sem 
inary,  Oberlin,  0.  He  was  fitted  for  the  ministry  under 
the  instruction  of  the  Rev.  Heman  Rood  and  the  Rev. 
Aaron  Warner  at  the  theological  seminary  at  Gilmanton, 
and,  having  been  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Londonderry 
Presbytery  in  April,  1838,  came  to  Manchester  in  May, 
1839,  to  supply  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Congregational 
church,  then  situated  at  Amoskeag  village.  After  its  re 
moval  to  its  present  house  of  worship,  he  was  ordained  and 
installed  as  its  pastor  January  8,  1840.  He  resigned  the 
pastoral  charge  in  August,  1873,  but  continued  to  preach 
in  his  old  pulpit  till  the  December  following,  since  when  he 


440  MANCHESTER. 

has  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Congregational  church 
in  Rockland,  Mass.,  though  retaining  his  residence  in  Man 
chester.  He  was  the  first  minister  to  hold  regular  Sunday 
services  in  the  new  village  on  the  east  side  of  the  river 
and  his  pastorate  was  longer  than  that  of  any  other  Man 
chester  clergyman.  He  was  sent  to  the  state  legislature 
in  1867  and  1868  by  the  Republicans  of  ward  four,  and  in 
the  latter  year  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
from  Dartmouth  College.  He  married,  May  19, 1840,  Miss 
Susan  A.  Webster,  who  died  May  15, 1873.  He  afterwards 
married,  September  30,  1874,  Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Allison. 
He  has  had  no  children. 

No  man  is  more  strongly  identified  with  the  early  his 
tory  of  the  city  than  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wallace.  For  nearly 
thirty-five  years  he  bore  a  part  in  every  intellectual  contest 
and  reform  in  Manchester.  He  fought  without  gloves  and 
with  a  power  we  have  never  known  equaled  by  any  other 
clergyman  in  the  state.  Thoroughly  honest,  never  double- 
dealing,  he  dealt  heavy  blows  upon  the  abettors  of  slavery, 
rum-selling,  gambling,  Sabbath-breaking,  profanity,  card- 
playing,  dancing  or  of  whatever  else  seemed  to  him  wrong. 
He  is  puritanical  in  his  notions,  very  cutting  and  severe 
in  reproof,  but  at  the  same  time  very  kind  and  tender 
hearted,  ready  to  do  everything  to  reform  young  men  and 
women  and  to  cheer  the  suffering  and  the  downcast.  He 
is  a  vigorous,  earnest  speaker  and  his  extemporaneous 
efforts  upon  great  occasions  have  been  sometimes  very  elo 
quent. 

THE  HON.  JAMES  A.  WESTON. 

James  Adams  Weston  was  born  upon  the  "  old  Weston 
farm"  in  Manchester  August  27,  1827.  He  is  the  son  of 
Amos  and  Betsey  (Wilson)  Weston  and  was  the  youngest 
of  five  children,  of  whom  he  alone  survives.  He  traces  his 


THE  HON.  JAMES  A.  WESTON.  441 

lineage  to  the  Westons  of  Buckinghamshire,  England,  whose 
descendants,  after  coming  to  this  country,  were  prominent 
in  colonial  affairs,  and  the  name  of  one  of  them  has  been 
handed  down  as  that  of  the  founder  of  the  first  Baptist 
church  in  America.  He  is  of  the  sixth  generation  of  the 
descendants  of  John  Weston,  who  came  from  England  in 
1644  and  finally  settled  in  Reading,  Mass.,  in  1652.  His 
grandfather,  Amos  Weston,  moved  in  1803  to  the  farm  to 
which  his  name  has  since  attached  and  which  is  situated  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  Manchester,  then  a  part  of  Lon 
donderry.  His  father,  Amos  Weston,  a  man  prominent  in 
the  affairs  of  the  town,  resided  on  the  old  farm  till  1853, 
when  he  moved  to  Mr.  Weston's  present  residence  near  the 
compact  part  of  the  city.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of 
Col.  Robert  Wilson  and  granddaughter  of  James  Wilson, 
who  came  from  Londonderry,  Ireland,  about  1728,  and  set 
tled  at  the  place  no\v  known  as  Wilson's  Crossing  in  Lon 
donderry,  N.  II . 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  remained  at  home,  assisting 
his  father  upon  the  farm,  most  of  the  time  till  1846,  except 
when  attending  or  teaching  school.  He  acquired  an  educa 
tion  at  the  district  school  and  at  the  academies  in  Manches 
ter  and  Piscataquog  village,  giving  especial  attention  to 
mathematics  and  civil  engineering,  for  which  he  developed 
much  taste.  In  the  winter  of  1844  he  taught  school  at  Lon 
donderry  and  the  next  winter  in  Manchester.  He  had  still 
pursued  his  studies  and  in  1846  was  appointed  assistant 
civil  engineer  of  the  Concord  Railroad  and  began  laying 
its  second  track.  Three  years  later  he  removed  to  Concord 
and  became  the  chief  engineer  of  the  railroad,  a  position  he 
has  ever  since  held.  For  several  years  in  connection  with 
that  office  he  performed  the  duties  of  road-master  and  mas 
ter  of  transportation  of  the  Concord  and  Manchester  & 
Lawrence  Railroads.  As  chief  engineer  he  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  branch  of  the  Concord  &  Ports- 
28 


442  MANCHESTER. 

mouth  railway  from  Manchester  to  Candia  and  of  the  Sun- 
cook  Valley  railway  from  Hooksett  to  Pittsfield.  In  1856 
he  moved  to  this  city  where  he  has  since  resided,  devoting 
himself  chiefly  to  his  profession  and  to  the  duties  of  the 
public  offices  he  has  held. 

Mr.  Weston  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  mayor  of 
the  city  in  1861,  1862  and  1868  and  was  elected  in  1867, 
1869,  1870  and  1873.  He  was  elected  governor  of  the 
state  in  1871  and  1874.  He  has  been  the  vice-president  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Fire  Insurance  Company  since  it  was 
organized  in  1869  and  a  trustee  of  the  Amoskeag  Savings 
Bank  since  1870.  In  1871  he  was  appointed,  as  the  gov 
ernor  of  the  state,  one  of  a  commission  to  represent  the 
state  in  matters  relating  to  the  centennial  celebration  of 
the  national  independence  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1876, 
and  in  1872  was  appointed  by  congress  a  member  of  the 
centennial  board  of  finance.  He  married  in  1854  Miss 
Anna  S.,  daughter  of  Mitchel  Gilmore  of  Concord,  N.  H., 
and  has  three  children  living — Grace  Helen,  James  Henry, 
and  Edwin  Bell. 

Gov.  Weston  has  received  from  the  people  of  this  city 
and  state  a  very  large  share  of  public  honors  and  has 
borne  them  well.  He  has  never  failed  to  enjoy  the  confi 
dence  of  the  residents  of  his  native  city  and  to  receive 
vote's  beyond  the  strength  of  his  party  when  a  candidate 
for  any  office.  A  very  thoughtful,  careful,  prudent  man, 
patriotic  and  high-minded  in  his  natural  impulses,  he  has 
always  been  earnest  to  do  what  he  could  for  the  moral  and 
intellectual  elevation  of  the  people.  He  has  been  through 
the  fiery  ordeal  of  politics  and  has  been  pushed  by  his  party 
far  beyond  his  natural  inclinations.  He  has  been  success 
ful  as  an  engineer,  as  a  mayor  and  as  a  governor,  is  very 
practical  on  all  subjects  to  which  he  turns  his  attention, 
always  writes  well  and  sensibly,  and  appears  to  good  advan 
tage  wherever  he  is  placed. 


WILLIAM  AMORY.  443 

WILLIAM    AMORY. 

[Through  delay  in  the  engraving  it  became  uncertain  whether  a  portrait  of  Mr. 
Arnory  would  be  done  in  season  tor  this  volume,  aim  consequently  the  sketch  occurs 
at  the  end  of  the  series  instead  of  in  its  natural  place,  second  in  the  alphabetical  order 
which  has  been  followed.] 

William  Amory  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  15, 
1804,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  C.  and  Hannah  R.  (Linzee) 
Amory.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of  four  sons  and  four 
daughters,  of  whom  three  only,  two  sons  and  one  daugh 
ter,  survive.  His  father,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  died  in 
1812,  and  seven  years  later  his  son,  then  but  fifteen  years 
of  age,  entered  Harvard  University.  He  spent  four  years 
there  and  soon  after  went  to  Europe  to  complete  his  edu 
cation.  He  pursued  in  Germany  the  study  of  law  and  of 
general  literature,  for  a  year  and  a  half  at  the  university 
in  Gottingen  and  for  nine  months  at  the  university  in  Ber 
lin.  He  occupied  the  subsequent  two  years  and  a  half  in 
travel  and  returned  to  Boston  May  30,  1830,  after  an  ab 
sence  of  five  years.  There  lie  pursued  his  legal  studies 
with  Franklin  Dexter  and  W.  H.  Gardiner  and  in  1831  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Suffolk  county,  without,  however, 
any  intention  of  entering  upon  legal  practice. 

In  that  year  he  was  chosen  the  treasurer  of  the  Jackson 
Manufacturing  Company  at  Nashua,  N.  II.,  and  began  busi 
ness  as  a  manufacturer.  Without  experience  and  yet  with 
a  mind  which  study  had  disciplined  and  knowledge  of  the 
world  had  made  keen,  with  remarkable  energy  and  enter 
prise,  he  was  eminently  successful  and  the  Jackson  Com 
pany  paid  large  and  sure  dividends  for  the  eleven  years  he 
continued  its  treasurer.  In  1837  he  became  the  treasurer 
of  the  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company,  an  office  which 
included  at  that  time,  when  the  plan  of  creating  a  city 
upon  the  Merrimack  was  just  to  be  carried  out,  the  respon 
sibility  and  wisdom  of  a  general  manager  of  the  Company's 
interests,  as  well  as  the  usual  financial  duties  of  a  treas 


444  MANCHESTER. 

urer.  He  has  held  that  office  from  then  till  the  present 
time ;  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Stark  Mills,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  four  years  and  a  half,  since  its  organization  in 
1839 ;  was  a  director  of  the  Manchester  Mills  and  its  suc 
cessor,  the  Manchester  Print-Works,  from  the  start  in  1839 
till  1871 ;  and  lias  been  a  director  of  the  Langdon  Mills 
from  its  beginning  in  1860  and  its  president  since  187  i. 

Mr.  Amory  married  in  January,  1833,  Miss  Anna  P.  G. 
Sears,  daughter  of  David  Sears,  an  eminent  merchant  of 
Boston,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children,  of  whom  four 
survive. 

Mr.  Amory  is  a  man  with  whom,  more  than  with  almost 
any  one  else,  Manchester  is  closely  identified  and  to  whose 
accurate  foresight  and  comprehensive  views  a  very  large 
proportion  of  its  beauty  and  success  is  due.  To  him  as 
the  manager  of  the  Company  which  gave  it  its  first  im 
pulses  in  life  and  has  ever  since  assisted  its  growth,  it  owes 
in  large  measure  its  wide  streets,  its  pleasant  squares  and 
its  beautiful  cemetery.  He  has  pursued  a  liberal  policy 
and  deserves  the  city's  gratitude.  As  the  treasurer  of  the 
Company  he  has  met  with  eminent  success.  A  man  of 
perfect  honor  and  integrity,  cautious  and  prudent,  he  has 
looked  upon  the  funds  in  his  possession  as  his  only  in 
trust  to  be  managed  with  the  utmost  care.  Herein  is  to 
be  found  the  secret  of  his  success.  Few  men  stand  better 
than  he  in  the  business  world  of  his  native  city  or  else 
where.  A  gentleman  of  culture,  of  the  utmost  polish,  with 
a  very  pleasing  appearance,  he  enjoys  the  affection  and  re 
spect  of  many  personal  friends. 


INDEX. 


This  index  aims  to  be  complete  so  far  as  it  regards  the  first  five 
chapters  and  the  one  which  describes  Manchester's  part  in  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion,  excluding,  however,  in  these,  the  lists  of 
town  and  city  officers  and  of  the  soldiers  in  the  war.  The  other 
chapters  are  also  minutely  indexed,  with  the  exception  of  such 
names  as  occur  in  regular  sequence  with  the  subjects  under  con 
sideration,  such  as  those  of  the  officers  of  churches,  banks,  man 
ufacturing  corporations  and  societies  of  all  kinds,  of  postmasters 
and  schoolmasters,  and  of  the  editors  and  proprietors  of  news 
papers  in  the  chapter  upon  that  theme.  In  the  chapter  upon  rep 
resentative  men,  the  name  of  the  subject,  only,  of  each  sketch  oc 
curs  in  the  index. 


Abbot,  T.  T 98,  341 

Abbott,  David 129 

Guard 339,340,  342 

Joseph  C 44,  339,  343 

Academy,  Manchester 247 

Mount  St.  Mary's 121 

Piscataquog  Village 184 

Adams,  Phinehas 89,  96,  98,  288,  373 

Adjutants 369 

Adoniram  Council 212,  2!9 

Advent  Church,  Second 192 

Sunday  School,  Second 192 

Advertiser,  Manchester  Mercantile...  329 

Semi-Weekly 326 

Agriculture,  New  Hampshire  Jour 
nal  of 332,  334 

Aid  Society,  Manchester  Women's. . .  207 

Piscataquog 206 

Aldermen 45 

Ale,  made 318 

Allodium,  Manchester 326 


American  &  Messenger 324,  327 

Daily 99,  325,  327,  328,  332 

Democrat  & 327 

Excelsior  Company 321 

Manchester 30,  324 

Mirror  & 332 

Semi-Weekly 324 

Amhcrst,  shire  town 17 

Amory,  William 443 

Amoskeag,  Axe  Company 308 

Bank 257 

branch  of  Goffstown  church. .  143 
branch  of  Manchester  Baptist 

church 144 

Brewery 318 

bridge 19,    77 

brook 69 

cemetery  in 75 

Company's  agents'  houses. . .  277 

ledge 286 

reservoir 97,  286 


446 


INDEX. 


Amoskeag  Cotton  and  Woolen  Man 
ufacturing  Company 23,  2G8 

Cotton  and  Wool  Factory.. .23  267 

Duck  and  Bag  Mills 304 

Falls.... 11,  78,  95,  2G7,  371 

bridge 28,    78 

Grange 243 

hall 141 

Hotel 79 

Insurance  Company 27,  205 

Joint  Stock  Company 135 

Land  &  Water  Power  Co.. 274,  275 

Locks  and  Canal  Co 270,  279 

Machine-shop 272,  275,  283 

Manufacturing  Company.  .24,  269 

Memorial 323 

mills 279 

fire  at 95 

production  of. 283 

National  Bank 258 

New  Mills 275 

old  mills  at 275 

Paper-Mill 314 

Republican 323 

Rifles 342 

Savings  Bank 259 

steamer  company 86 

steam  lire  engines. .  ..272,  285,  311 

Veterans 237 

village 12,  42,  70,  100,  111, 

130,   131,  139,   141,  143,  183, 
249,  253,273.315,321. 
Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Com 
pany 237,  240 

Angell,  Jesse  F 344 

Antiquarian  Sacred  Musical  Society.  248 

Aqueduct,  City 90 

Company,  Manchester 90 

Manchester 90 

Architecture  of  churches 196 

Art  Association 242 

Arms,  made 285 

Artillery,  Heavy 345,  364 

Thirteenth  New  York 368 

Association,  Art. 242 

Excelsior  Literary 248 

Firemen's  Relief 87 

Forrest  Dramatic 246 

Masonic  Relief 212 

Odd  Fellows  Building 223 

Relief 224 

of  high  school  alumni 119 

of  Boston  Veterans  237 

Printers'  Literary 246 


Association,  Pythian  Relief 231 

state  teachers' 120,  335 

St.  Patrick's  Mutual  Benefit 

and  Protective 

teachers' 

Union 151,  164, 

Young  Men's  Christian..  185, 
191,  194,  200. 

Associations,  former 246 

loan 248 

military 236 

working-men's 247 

Atlieneuin,  Manchester 29,    88 

Austin,  Jeremiah 318 

Ayer,  Anna,  murder  of. 24 

Richard  H 44,  164 

Axe-handles,  made 31 3 

Axes,  made % 308 

Bags,  made 283,  292 

Baker,  Andrew  N 297 

Joseph 70 

Bakersville 70 

Balch,  Charles  E 375 

Baldwin  &  Company's  steam-mill.  96,    99 

Baldwin,  Cyrus  W 292 

Gould  &  Company 316 

James 312 

Nah um 271 

Baldwin's  Cornet  Band 341 

Band,  Baldwin's  Cornet 341 

of  the  Fourth  Regiment 342 

Bands  of  Hope 235 

Bank,  Amoskeag 257 

National 258 

Savings 259 

City 261 

National 261 

Savings 262 

First  National 263 

Manchester 255 

National 256 

Savings 256 

Merrimack  River 262 

Savings 264 

of  Amoskeag  Company 254 

People's  Savings 265 

Banks : 254 

Baptist  church,  early , 129 

Elm-street 173 

First. .   27,  101,  143,  147,  170,  199 

Merrimack-street 147 

Second 171 

Society,  First 145 


INDEX. 


447 


Baptist  society,  Merri mack-street 

Second  

Sunday-school,  First 

Merrimack-street 

Barbarossa  Lodge 

Barnes,  Charles 

George  A 250, 

Barrett,  James 

Barr,  Russell &  Company 

Bartlett,  Charles  H G7, 

Batchelder,  K.  N 

Battery,  B,  U.  S.  A 

First  Light 240, 

Bayley,  Blood  &  Company 

Baxter,  Thomas 

Bean,  N.  S 

steamer  company 

Bective,  Earl 

Beer,  made 

Bell,  Chief- Justice 

George 

Louis 

Samuel  I).. .  .31,  32,  41,  84,  89, 

Samuel  N G7,  89, 

Belmont  Print- Works 

Belting,  made 

Benevolent  Lodge 

societies 

Bennett,  Joseph  E 271, 

Bennington,  battle  of 

Betogkom,  Simon 11 , 

Bible  Lodge 

Bisco,  Dwight 

George 

Black  brook 

Blackmar  Union 

Blacksmiths'  union 

Blanchard,  Joseph 

William 

Blazing  Star  Lodge 

Bleachery,  Manchester 

Blinds,  made 313,  318, 

Blodget  Edge  Tool  Manufacturing 
Company 

Paper  Company 303, 

Samuel . .  .17, 19 

Blodget's  canal 20, 

Blood,  Aretas 91,  307, 

Bayley, &  Company 

Board  of  engineers,  first 

of  health,  first 

Boards,  made 315, 

Bobbins,  made 

Boilers,  made 


174 

189 
145 
174 
245 
3-21 
261 
274 
'270 
376 
311 
368 
367 
306 
311 
276 

86 
220 
318 
110 

84 
241 
134 

91 
321 
312 
214 
206 
377 

18 
127 
212 
312 
,312 

69 
233 
235 
128 
321  j 
214 
319 
320  j 

308    j 
319   I 
,  21 
278 
380 
306 
29 


317 


Bouton,  Nathaniel 136 

Bow  Canal  Company 270 

Boxes,  made 315,  317 

Bradley,  Charles  B 313 

Brass  work,  made 316 

Bre  \ver  donation 89 

Gardner 24,  89 

and  company 276,289,  302 

Brewery,  Amoskeag 318 

Haines  &  Wallace's 99 

Bridge,  Amoskeag 19,  77 

at  Amoskeag  Falls 28,  78 

at  G  one's  Falls 78 

first 77 

Granite 27,  77 

Manchester  &  North  Weare 

railway 78,  101 

McGregor's 19,  77,  278 

Bridges 77 

Brigadier-generals 369 

Brooks 69 

Brown,  Hiram 31,  271,  320,  341 

Thomas 31,  232 

William  W 345,  3S1 

Bruce,  John  N 340 

Brugger,  John 100,  313 

Bryant  &  Rogers.  371 

Buckley,  Henry 321 

Buncher,  M.  Jennie 345 

Bunton,  Andrew 271 

David  A 74,  320,  340,  383 

Bumliaru,  Henry  E 84 

John  A 31 

pond 92 

Cabinet,  Farmers' 326 

Cadets,  High  School, 241 

of  Temperance 233 

Temperance 236 

Caldwell,  John 26 

Camp  Currier 343 

Hale 343 

Pilisbury 344 

Sullivan 342 

Canal,  Blodget's. 20,  278 

companies 270 

Canals,  present 79,  270,  278 

Captain  of  the  watch 85 

Captains 369 

Car  &  Machine  Works,  Manchester,  320 

Cards,  machine,  made 312 

Carey,  Henry  F 229 

Carriages,  made 314 

Carter,  T.  J 271 


448 


INDEX. 


Cassimere,  made 306 

Castings,  made 307,  320 

Cavalry,  New  England 363 

New  Hampshire 363 

Cemetery  brook, 69,  317,  321 

Forest 129 

Valley 27 

Cemeteries 73 

Chandler,  George  B 197,386 

JamesO 345 

J.M 211 

&  Company 250  ; 

Peter  K 136  ' 

Channing,  William  H 162 

Chapel,  First  Freewill  Baptist... ,  130, 
148,  158,  247. 

Chapel  hall 155   i 

Chaplains 369 

Chapter,  Mt.  Horeb  Royal  Arch,  211,  215   > 

Charter,  city 31,  42   | 

surrender  of. 41    I 

Chase,  Benjamin  H 312 

John  B 317   j 

JolmN 86   I 

pond 92   | 

Check-lists 43  j 

Cheney,  B.  H 129 

James  S  79 

P.  C 315,  387 

Choctaw  Indian 215 

Choral  Union,  Manchester i45 

Christian  church,  First 194 

society,  First 193 

Sunday-school,  First 194 

Christophe,  Sebastian 313 

Church,  Baptist 129 

Elm-street 173 

First..  .27,  101,  143,  147,  170,  199 

Merrimack-street 174 

Second 171 

Christian  ....  194 

Congregational,  First.. 26,  98, 

100,130,131,180,  185,201. 
Franklin-street....  168,  185, 
201,  203,  205. 

Second 167 

Episcopal 155 

Grace 28,  157,  196 

St.  Michael's '28,  156,  196 

first 129 

free 176 

Freewill  Baptist,  Elm-street  190 

First 147,  186,  189 

Merrimack-street 191 


Church,  F.  W.  Baptist,  Pine-  street  52,  186 

in  Piscataquog  village 204 

membership 130 

Methodist,  Elm-street 153 

First 130,  137 

North  Elm-street 153 

Second 28,  152,  175,  221 

St.  Paul's 154 

Wesleyan 175,  184 

Mission 180 

Presbyterian 130,  185 

property 130 

Roman  Catholic,  St.  Ann's  120,  194 

St.  Augustine's 195 

St.  Joseph's 121,  195,  197 

Second  Advent 192 

Unitarian 28,  111,  162,  198 

Universalist.  Elm-street 182 

First ..27,130,139,  141,  198 

Second 139 

Churches,  architecture  of 196 

number  of. 130 

Roman  Catholic 194 

Cider,  made 317 

Cigars,  made 318 

Cilley,  Mrs.  J.  G 208 

City 41 

Bank 261 

charter 31,  42 

clerks 45 

debt 66 

Fire  Insurance  Company 266 

government 83 

hall 29,  82 

Hotel 80 

marshal 32 

Messenger  &  Republican 336 

Missionary  Society 176 

National  Bank 261 

officers 45,  83 

property 66 

Savings  Bank 262 

solicitors 59 

treasurers 59 

Clark,  Daniel. .  .30,  31,  67,  89,  204,  341,  346 

GeorgeT 32 

Joseph  B 389 

Lewis  W 67,  391 

RufusT 342 

William  C 30 

Clarke,  John  B 44,  136,  344,  392 

Stephen  G 341 

William  C 31,  89, 143,  342, 

344,  395. 


INDEX. 


449 


Classic  hall 173 

Clergymen 80 

Clerk  of  police  court 42 

Clerks  of  city 45 

of  common  council 45 

of  town 39 

Cleworth,  John 312 

Cloth,  made 311 

Clough,  Henry,  fell  dead 132 

Lucien  B 67 

Club,  Manchester  Chorus  and  Glee..  248 

Cobb,  Sylvanus 211 

Cochran,  Joseph,  jr 32,  84 

Cohas  brook 69,  93,  30f> 

locks  in 21 

settlements  on 11 

Collector  of  taxes 42 

Colonels 369 

Commandry,  Trinity 212,  216 

Commissioners  of  water- works 91 

Committee,  school 112,  122 

Concord  &  Portsmouth  railway 75 

Manufacturing  Company 270 

railway 28,  75 

square 44,72 

Concordia 245 

Congregational  church.  First..  .27,  98, 
100,  130,  180,  185,  201. 
Franklin-street  28,  168,  185, 
201,  203,  205. 

Madison-avenue 169 

Second 167 

society,  First 134,  136,  165 

Franklin- street  167 

Second 165 

Sunday-school,  First 133 

Franklin-street 170 

Congregationalism 183 

Constantino,  Emperor  220 

Constitution,  Fort 345 

Convent,  Roman  Catholic 195 

Converse,  George  W.  F 173 

Copper  work,  made 316 

Corcoran,  Thomas 120,  121 

Corey,  William 316 

Corps,  United  States  Army 368 

Veteran  Reserve 366 

Coughlin,  John 344 

Council,  Adoniram 212,  219 

common 145 

Granite  State 243 

Labarum 212,  220 

Onward 244 

state ..  244 


Countess  d'Ossoli 163 

Court,  first  held  in  town 29 

Court-house 82 

Courts  established 17 

Cows,  value  of. 66 

j   Grain,  Leland  &  Moody 100 

I   Crash,  made 292,  318 

|  Crombie,  Samuel  C 320 

I   Crosby,  Josiah 398 

j  Cross,  David 19,67,111,344 

Ira 317 

Crusader 334 

Currier,  Camp 343 

Moody 343,  400 


Dalton.  Charles  H 98 

Dam,  at  Amcskeag  Falls 78,  278 

at  water-works 92,  93 

Daniels,  D.  J 320 

Joel 87 

Darling  &  Varney 316 

Hartshorn  & 316 

Daughters  of  Temperance 233 

Davis,  John  L 321 

Moses 28,  82 

Dean,  James 297 

Oliver, 24,  89,  139,  268,  269 

Debating  club  in  high  school..  246 

Debt,  city 66 

Decoration  Day 242 

Deer  Neck 69 

Delaines,  made ...  293 

Democrat — &  American 327 

Foster's 337 

Independent 30,  329 

Manchester. .  ..26,  2S,  324,  325, 
327,  332. 

Union 80,327,  332 

Denims,  made 283 

Denny,  Charles  A 312 

Joseph  A 312 

Department,  tire 85 

police 84 

Derryfield,  chartered 13 

classed,  by  itself. 24 

with  Litchfield 19 

history  of 15 

name   of,  changed   to    Man 
chester 21 

Derry  Mills 305 

DeWitt  Clinton  Encampment 217 

Dexter,  Henry  M 136 

Dickey,  George  E 198,  200 

Dignam,  Walter 342 


450 


INDEX. 


Dinsmore,  Arthur 317 

Dispatch,  Saturday  Night 80,  337 

Districts,  highway 21 

school.    19,  25,  27,  109,  112 

Division,  Excelsior 233 

Manchester,  No.  3 232 

No.  19 233 

Niagara 233 

Doctors 80 

Dollar  Weekly  Mirror 332 

and  New  Hampshire  Jour 
nal  of  Agriculture 334 

Domestic  Benevolent  Society 174 

Donohoe,  Michael  T 342,  341,  346 

Door-frames,  made 318 

Doors,  made 313,  317,  320 

Dorr  pond 92 

Dow,  Robert  C 342 

Downs,  C.  M 321 

F.  F 321 

Drew,  William  E 315 

Drillings,  made 283,  292 

Duck,  made 292 

Dudley,  Elizabeth  J 345 

Dunn,  Harris  &  Company 321 


Eagle  Paper  Company.. 

Earl  Becti  ve 

Earlc,  J.  E 

Eastburn,  Man  tori 

Eastman,  Ira  A 

Eaton,  Francis  B 

Hosea 

Edgell,  Frederick  M 

Edgerly,  Martin  V.  B 

Education,  N.  H.  Journal  of 

Election,  city,  day  of  changed 42, 


321 
220 
320 
159 
30 
89 
80 
343 
403 
335 


first 


Eliot,  John 11;  127 

Elliott,  Lon 77 

Ellison,  John 253 

Elm  street 44,  67 

Emerson,  J.  C 27,  95 

Encampment,  DeWitt  Clinton 217 

Mount  Horeb, 217 

Mount  Washington 228 

Trinity 216,  217 

Wonolanset 225 

Engineers  of  fire  department 86,  105 

Engine,  fire  26,    44 

at  Piscataquog  village 26,  86 

at  Stark  Mills 26 

companies 86 

Manchester ..326 


Engine-house 86 

first 26 

Engines,  Amoskeag  steam  fire.  ...272, 
285,  311. 

Enterprise,  Ladies' 335 

Episcopal  church 28,  155 

parsonage 159 

Sunday-school 159 

Excelsior  Company,  American 321 

New  England 321 

Division 233 

hook  and  ladder  company...  .     86 

Literary  Association 2-±8 

made 321 

Exchange,  Merchants',  fire  at 98 

Expresses 79 

Factories,  value  of 66 

Fairbanks,  Alfred  G 82 

Fair  in  aid  of  soldiers 344 

Falls,  Amoskeag 11,  78,  95,  267,  371 

Goffe's. . .  11,  249,  254,  306,  318,  320 

Merrill's 77 

school-house Ill 

Fanning,  J.  T 92 

Farley,  Luther 31 

Farmer,  Daniel  D 24 

Granite 331,  332,  333 

&  Visitor 334 

Mirror  & 332 

Farmers'  Cabinet 326 

Monthly  Visitor 331,  332,  333 

Farnsworth,  Simeon  D 342 

Fearing,  Hawkes,  jr 343 

Fellows,  Joseph  W 84,  85 

Moses 31,  405 

Felton,  S.  A 315 

Fenn,  William  H 136 

Fenner,  G.  G 321 

Field  Officers 369 

File  Works,  Granite 312 

Files,  made 312 

Fire  alarm  telegraph 87 

Fire  at  Amoskeag  Company's  mills.. 95,  96 

Amoskeag  village 95,  96,  100 

Baldwin  &  Company's  steam 

mill 96,  99 

bridge  of  North  Weare  rail 
way, 101 

First  Baptist  church 147,  199 

Janesville 99 

John  Brugge r's  mill 100 

Masonic  Temple 212 

Mechanics' Row...  . .   100 


INDEX. 


451 


Fire  at  Patten's  block 88,  99,  222,  255  I 

Piscataquog  steam-inill 99 

Print- Works 97  , 

Stark  mills 90  | 

state  reform  school 100  : 

town-house 195 

Fire  department 85  j 

engine,  first 2G   , 

on  Chestnut  street 100 

on  Elm  street  near  Lowell 9 

on  Hanover  street 98,  99,  100 

on  Manchester  street...  98,  99,  100 

wards 26 

Fire  King  steamer  company 86   ; 

Firemen's  Relief  Association 87 

Fires 95  ! 

First  board  of  engineers.. 29   > 

of  health 26 

building  on  west  side  of  Elm 

street 27 

city  election 31   ! 

cotton-mill 23,  267  ; 

court  held 29  | 

engine-house 26 

tire-engine 26   I 

inhabitants 11   i 

land  sale 25   ! 

large  lire 95   j 

mayor 31   j 

meeting-house 12   I 

completed 137  j 

now  standing 130  i 

mill 12 

murder 24 

newspaper 26,  323 

police 26 

private  house  on  Company's 

land 25 

representative,  classed 19 

unclassed 14 

school-house 19 

schools 109 

teacher 109 

town-meeting 15 

in  new  village 27 

Fish,  at  Amoskeag 11 

John  B 320 

Fisk,  James 240 

Flanders,  George  M 74 

Isaac  C 31,  251,  261,  270 

Flannels,  made 283,  305 

Fliers,  made 312 

Fling,  Daniel  W . .  201 

Flint,  C.  A .  318 


Ford,  Elbridge 26 

Forest  cemetery 75,  129 

Former  associations 246 

manufacturers 319 

Forrest  Dramatic  Association 246 

Forsaith,  Hiram 312 

Samuel  C 314 

Fort  Constitution 345 

Independence 343 

near  Nutt's  pond 69 

Suinter 339 

Forum,  Public 337 

Foss,  Andrew  T 1 43 

Foster,  Herman 406 

Foster's  Democrat 337 

Foundry,  D.  B.  Varney's 96,  316 

Fountains 44,    73 

Fradd,  Horatio 87 

Francestowii  mountains 372 

Franklin  hall 136 

telegraph 79 

Free  church 176 

French  and  Indian  War 13 

Roman  Catholics 195,  200 

Walter 31 

Freshets ?8 

Fuller,  Margaret 163 

Fulton  Works 320 

Fusileers,  Granite 95,  237 

Gage,  George  W 

Gale,  Amos  G 

Gamble  house 

Gas,  made 

Gas-Light  Company.  Manchester. . . 
Gay,  Alpheus — 91, 

Ira 24,268, 

Gazette,  New  Hampshire 

Winnipesaukee 

Gerrish,  George  A 

Gillis,  David 31,89 

Jotham 

Gilmore,  George 17, 

George  C 

Gingham,  made 283, 

Glancy,  Thomas  F 

Gleaner 

Globe,  New  Hampshire  Sunday 

Goddard,  George  W 

Goffe,  John 11, 15 

Gotte's  Falls.  .11,  70,  249,  254,  306,  318, 

cemetery  at 

Gooden,  Daniel 

JohiiV 


74 

320 
81 
310 
309 
315 
269 
334 
335 
343 
,  98 
268 
128 
341 
305 
318 
328 
337 
314 
,  70 
320 
75 
173 
173 


452 


INDEX. 


Good  Templars 234 

Goodwin,  Ichabod 339 

Richard  J.  P 345 

Gorges,  Sir  Ferdinando 9 

Gould,  Baldwin, &  Company. . .  31G 

D.  C 289 

Government,  city 83 

Grain,  ground 314,  317,  318 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 241 

Grange,  Amoskeag 243 

state 244 

Granite GS 

bridge 77 

Farmer 331,  332,  333 

&  Visitor 334 

File  Works 312 

Fusileers 95,  237 

Lodge, 221,  230 

State  Council 243 

State  Lodge 245 

street 78 

Temple  of  Honor 233 

Grants  of  land 10,  12 

Gray,  P.  L 318 

Green,  Stephen  D 173 

Guard,  Abbott 339,  340 

Guards,  Head 240 

Murtin 345,  366 

National 237,  344,  366 

Sheridan 240 

Stark 236,  342 

Union 339 

Gymnasium,  Manchester '245 

Haines,  Joseph  A 99 

Rifles 240 

Hale,  Camp 313 

Hall,  city 29,  82 

John 15 

.Joseph  B 70 

Marshall  P 89 

Samuel 252 

Hallsville 70,  321 

Hammer-handles,  made 313 

Hanover  square 72,  73 

street  society 165 

Haradon's  Weekly  Spy 331 

Hardy,  Orison 200 

Harriman,  Walter 342 

Harrington,  E.  W 391,  408 

steamer  company 86 

Harris,  Dunn, &  company 321 

estate 96 

Mary  P 18s 


Harrytown 11, 12,  13 

Hartshorn  &  Darling 316 

Harvey,  Matthew 80 

Haseltine  House 80 

Hatchet-handles,  made 313 

Hatchets,  made 308 

Hayes,  S.  Dana 83 

Head— Guards 240 

Natt 410 

Healey,  Daniel  F 82 

Heavy  Artillery 345,  364 

Henrysborough 13 

Henrysburg 13,  19 

Herald,  People's 324 

Hero,  Old 330 

Herrick,  H.  W 242 

Heyes,  Anna 25 

Hibernians,  Ancient  Order  of. 244 

High  school 44 

cadets 241 

debating  club 246 

Highway  districts 21,  68 

Hildreth,  Ephrmm 12 

Hill,  Charles  H 318 

Hills,  Gilbert 82 

Hillsborough  county 17,  18 

Earl  of. 17 

Lodge 221,  224 

History  of  Manchester 44,  92 

Hobbs,  Edwin  H 276,  343 

Hodge,  Jeremiah 317 

Holt,  H.  C 316 

J.  S 316 

W.S 316 

Holmes,  William  F 318 

Hook  &  ladder  company,  Excelsior. .     86 

house 28 

Hooksett  brick 20 

Manufacturing  Company 270 

Mills 274,  M3 

road 28 

Horr,  Charles 99 

Horse  railway 76 

Horses,  value  of. 66 

Hose 87 

carriage,  at  Amoskeag 87 

at  Goffe's  Falls 87 

Pennacooks' 86 

Hose  Company,  new 87 

Pennacook 86 

Hosley,  John 413 

Hospital,  Webster 345 

Hotels 79 

Houghton,  George  C 345 


INDEX. 


453 


House  of  correction 28 

Hoyt,  D.  J 30 

John 314 

W.  J 315 

Hubbard,  George  H 318 

Thomas  R 317 

William  W 313 

Hughes,  Aaron  P.,  Lodge 212 

Hunt,J.T.P 271,320 

Nathan  P 89,  271 

Hurlburt,  W.  Henry 77 

Huse,  cemetery 75 

Isaac 2f> 

Hutchinson,  Charles 271 

Hydrants 87 

Incidentals 79 

Independence,  Fort 343 

Independent  Democrat 30,  329 

Statesman 32(j 

Ingham,  Edward 81 

Insurance  companies 265 

Insurance  Company,  Amoskeag  Mu 
tual  Fire 265 

City  Fire 266 

Manchester 266 

City  Fire  and  Marine 266 

Fire  and  Marine 266 

Mutual  Fire 205 

New  Hampshire  Fire 'J66 

Odd  Fellows'  Mutual  Life. . . .  224 

State  Fire 266 

Iris  &  Souvenir 326,  327 

Iris  &  Literary  Record 326 

Iron  Company,  Manchester 319,  320 

ore 13 

work,  made 315 

Island  mill 95 

pond 69 

House 80 

Isle  of  Hooksett  Canal  Company 270 

Jackson,  Albert 44,  249 

Samuel  P 249 

Jail,  county 81 

keepers  of. 82 

James,  Jacob  F 90,  414 

Janesville 70,  99,  314 

Joe  English  hill 372 

Johnson,  Jeremiah,  murder  of 26 

Thomas ' 318 

Jones,  Isaac  H 81 

Seth  K 253 

Josselyn,  L.  H 316 


Journal,  Labor 337 

Merchants'  Own 331 

of  Agriculture,  N.  H 332,  334 

Dollar  Weekly  Mirror  &  332,  334 

of  Education,  N.  H 335 

of  Medicine,  N.  II 353 

of  Music,  N.  H 80,337 

Judkins,  George  F 271 

Junto  Organ 335 

Justices  of  police  court 32,    42 

Keeley,  P.  C 198 

Keeney,  Hudson 314 

Kelly,  John  L 33!) 

Kendall,  B.  C 87 

Rodney 247 

Kennedy,  John  L. . .  .82 


Kent,  Moody 

Kidder,  Benjamin. . 

John  S 

Joseph 

Samuel  B. . . 

Samuel  P. .. 
Killey,  Walter  S.... 

William  L. . 
Ivimball,  John  D 

OrrinE... 


81 

11 

....74,  318,  319 

L8,  44,  344 

....20,  252,  271 

268 

302 

302 

271 

314 

William  H 28 

Kinsley,  Mrs.  Benjamin . .  232 

Knights  of  Pythias 229 

Knitting  machines,  made 316 

needles,  made 316,  317 

Knowles,  Mary  J 345 

Know-Noihing  movement 335 

Labarum  Council 212,  220 

Labor  Journal 337 

League 229 

Ladies'  Enterprise 335 

Lafayette 214 

Lodge 211,  213 

Lake  Village  Times 336 

Land    and    Water-Power  Company, 

Amoskeag 274,  275 

25,26,29,30,  271,  272 

67,  251,  315 

86 

84,  416 

302 

213 

Latitude  of  Manchester 65 

Lawyers 80 

League,  Labor 229 

Women's  Temperance 236 


Land  sale, 

Lane,  Daniel  W.... 

Thomas  W. 

Warren  L.. 

Langdon  Mills 

Langley,  John 


454 


INDEX. 


Leather,  dressed 314,  317 

tanned 314 

Ledge,  Amoskeag  Company's 287 

Leland,  Grain, and  Moody 100 

Letter-carrier  system 251 

Lewis,  Winslow,  Lodge  of  Perfection  212 

Lexington,  news  of  battle  of 18 

Library,  public 43,  44,     88 

burned 88 

removed  to  new  building. . .    88 

Social 20,  88 

Lieutenant-colonels 369 

Lieutenants 370 

Lincoln,  Abraham 339 

(w*|        George  F 306,  318 

Line  officers 369 

Lingfield,  Edward 11 

Liquor-agent 28 

Litchfield,  classed  with  Derryfield. ...    19 
Literary  Record.  Iris  & 326 

Souvenir 326 

Visitor 336 

Lean  associations 248 

Lobdell  &  Russell 270 

Locks  on  Cohas  brook 21 

on  Merrimack  river 278 

Locomotive  Works,  Manchester.  .306.  320 
Locomotives,  made    272,  285,  306,  307,  311 


212 
245 

•j\  I 
213 
21  1 
230 

245 

.221,  224 
.211,  213 


,..221, 


Lodge,  Aaron  P.  Hughes 

Barbarossa 

Benevolent 

Bible 

Blazing  Star 

Granite 

Granite  State 

Hillsborough 

Lafayette 

Mechanics' 227 

Merrimack 230,  231,  234 

of  Perfection,  Winslow  Lewis  212 

Rising  Sun 230 

Stark 234 

Swaiuscott 230 

Union  Degree 224,  235 

Washington '212,  219 

Wildey 228 

Londonderry  —  Presbytery 132,  184 

settlers  of 10 

Long,  Joseph  A.  E 214 

I»ond 69 

Longitude  of  Manchester 65 

Loom  harness,  made 312 

Lord,  John  P 321 

Lowell,  Albion  H .315 


Luce,  Charles  A 44 

Lyceum,  Manchester 28,  247 

Lyons,  Michael 344 

Mace,  William 232 

Machine-Card  Factory,  Manchester..  312 
Machinery,  made.  ...284,  285,  312,  315,  317 

Machine  Company,  Manchester 320 

Machinists  and  Blacksmiths'  Union. .   235 

Magazine,  Manchester 325 

New  Hampshire 327 

Operatives'  —    —  and  Lowell 

Offering 329 

Majors 369 

Mammoth  road 25,  250 

Manchester  —  Academy 247 

&  Keene  railway 76 

&  Lawrence  railway 75 

Allodium '. 326 

American 30 

&  North  Weare  railway  . .  75,  101 

Aqueduct 89 

Aqueduct  Company 89 

Art  Association 242 

Atheneurn 29 

a  town 23 

Bank 255 

Bleachery 319 

Car  and  Machine  Works 320 

Centre 15,  70,  130,  137,  249 

Choral  Union 245 

Chorus  and  Glee  Club 248 

City  Fire  and  Marine  Insur 
ance  Company 266 

City  Missionary  Society 176 

Daily  American 325 

Mirror 331 

News 336 

Union 80,  333 

Democrat 324,  325,  327,  332 

District  Medical  Society 246 

Division  No.  3 232 

No.  19 ^33 

Engine 326 

Fire  and    Marine    Insurance 

Company 266 

Five  Cts.  Savings  Institution  263 

Gas-Light  Company 309 

Gymnasium 245 

history  of. 44 

House. .  I .  .25,  80, 100,  163,  271,  309 

in  the  Rebellion 339 

Insurance  Company 266 

Iron  Company 319,  320 


INDEX. 


455 


Manchester,  latitude  of. 65 

Literary  Association 2-18 

Locomotive  Works 30G,  320 

longitude  of f>5 

Lyceum 28,  247 

Machine-Card  Factory 312 

Machine  Company 3-20 

Magazine 325 

Mechanics'  Phalanx 339,  340 

Memorial 324 

Mercantile  Advertiser 329 

Mesmeric  Institute 246 

Mills 272,  293 

manufacturing  department,  298 

printing  department 300 

Musical  Education  Society.. .  248 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.    .   266 

named 21 

National  Bank 256 

National  Guards 344,  366 

Oil  Cloth  Carpet  Factory 321 

Operative 3-28 

Palladium 328 

Paper- Works 314 

Printers'  Literary  Association  246 

Print- Works 294 

fire  at 97 

Print- Works  and  Mills. .  .294,  296 

Representative 26,  323 

Republican '.  336 

Rifle  Company 26,  236 

Saturday  Messenger 329 

Savings  Bank 256 

Section 233 

settlement  of 10 

Shoe  and  Leather  Company. .  315 

Social  Union 246 

soldiers,  list  of. 347 

welcomed  home 346 

Spy 331 

Telescope 330 

Transcript 327 

Veterans 240 

Women's  Aid  and  Relief  Soc.  S07 

Workman 27,  325 

Manufactures 78,  -.67 

summary  of 311 

Manufacturers,  former 319 

miscellaneous. ...    311 

Maple  Falls  brook 92 

Marines  368 

Marshal,  city .85,  102 

first 32 

tax-collector..,  42 


Marshall,  Charles  H 89 

Dustin 341 

Marston,  C.  L 316 

Martin,  B.  F 197,  314,  372,  417 

Guards 345,  366 

J.  P 316 

Mason,  Capt.  John 9,    13 

Masonic  relief  association 212 

Temple 212 

burned 101,  212 

Masons,  Free 211 

Massabesic  lake 65,  69,  90,    93 

House 79 

Mast  road 18 

Mathes,  Tucker  & 320 

Maynard,  John  H 173,  271 

Mayor,  election  of 42,    43 

first 31 

votes  for 60 

McAlpine,  William  J 91 

McCrillis,  John  A 314 

John  B 314 

McDonald,  William 120 

McDowell,  Alexander 16,  127 

McGaw  place 213 

McGregor,  Robert 19 

McGregor's  bridge 19,  278 

McMurphy,  Alexander 77 

John ,....     13 

McNeil,  John 12 

McQueston.  David 26S 

Means,  William  G 136 

Mechanics'  —  Lodge 227 

Row 79,  272,  311,  317,  321 

fire  at 100 

Medicine,  New  Hampshire  Journal  of  335 

Meeting-house,  built  by  town.  .16,  17,  128 

made  into  a  dwelling-house. .  129 

made  into  a  town -house 25 

first 12,  129 

completed 137 

in  Piscataquog  village. ..   129,  176 

Meeting-houses,  barns  used  for 127 

Memorial 27 

Amoskeag 323 

Manchester ...  324 

Mercantile  Advertiser,  Manchester...  329 

Merchants'  —  Exclumge,  fire  at 98 

Own  Journal 331 

Mtr.ill,  Arisen  S 82 

cemetery ...     75 

Henry  C 320 

J.  E 87 

S.  C 100 


456 


INDEX. 


Merrill,  Thomas  D 179 

Merrill's  Falls  77 

Merrimack  —  House 79 

Mills 294 

Lodge 230,231,  235 

River  Bank 262 

River  Savings  Bank 264 

square 44,     72 

Steam  and  Gas  Pipe  Co 319 

Water  Power  Company 319 

Mesmeric  Institute,  Manchester 24G 

Messenger  and  American 324,  327 

City  —  and  Republican 336 

Saturday 30,  324,  329 

Methodist  chapel,  Second 27,  28,  152 

church,  Elm-street 153 

First 28,  137 

North  Elm-street 153 

Second 152,  175,  221 

St.  Paul's 154 

Wesleyan 175,  '84 

parsonage,  First 138 

Sunday-school,  First 138 

St.  Paul's 154 

Mile  brook 69,     73 

Military  iissociations -36 

Mill,  first 12 

cotton,  first  in  Manchester,23,  267 

first  in  the  state 267 

Millstone  bror  k 69 

Mirror  and  American 80,  332 

and  Farmer 332 

Daily 99,  331 

Dollar  Weekly 332,  334 

and  New  Hamp-hire  Jour 
nal  of  Agriculture 332,  334 

Miscellaneous  manufacturers 311 

societies 211 

Mission  church 180 

Sunday-school 180 

Missionary,  city 176 

Society,  City 176 

Mitchell,  Retyre 341 

Moderators  of  town 38 

Moldings,  made 313,  318 

Moody,  Grain,  Leland  & 100 

Moor,  John  G 21,  268 

Moore,  Hannah  G 345 

Ira 250 

John  P 19 

L.  P 77 

Samuel 70 

Moore's  Musical  Record 336 

village 70 


Morrison,  Charles  R 67 

George  W 341,  344 

Mosquito  pond 69 

Moulton,  S.  S 270 

Mount  Horeb  Encampment 217 

Horeb  Royal  Arch  Chap.  211,  215 

St.  Mary's  Academy 121 

Washington  Encampment.. .   228 

Murder  of  Anna  Ayer 24 

Jeremiah  Johnson 26 

Jonas  L.  Parker 30 

Musical  Record,  Moore's 336 

Music  — Hall 181 

New  Hampshire  Journal  of. .  337 
Myers,  W.  H 372 

Namaoskeag 11 

Namaske  Mills 287,  3(i4 

Narragansett  townships 12 

War 12 

Nashua  Telegraph 336 

National  Guards 237,  366 

Hotel 80 

Naturalization  in  police  court 42 

Navy,  soldiers  in 368 

Needles,  knitting,  made 3l6,  317 

Nelson,  David  B 343 

Newburyport  Veteran  Artillery  Asso 
ciation  :  240 

Newell,  John  P 419 

William  P 89,    91 

New  England — Agricultural  Society. .     80 

Cavalry 363 

Excelsior  Company 321 

New  Hampshire  —  Agricultural    So 
ciety 80,  331 

a  royal  province 12 

Cavalry 363 

Central  railway  75 

Fire  Insurance  Company 266 

Gazette    335 

Journal  of  Agriculture.  ...332,  334 
Dollar  Weekly  Mirror  &  332,  334 

of  Education., 335 

of  Medicine 335 

of  Music 80,  337 

Magazine .^ 327 

Poultry  Society 80 

settlement  of. 9 

State  Teachers'  Association. .  335 
State  Temperance  Society  330,  334 

Sunday  Globe 337 

Temperance  Banner  330 

News,  Manchester  Daily 336 


INDEX. 


457 


Newspaper,  first 26 

Newspapers 80,  323 

Niagara  Division 233 

Nuns,  teachers  in  public  schools 120 

Nutfield 10 

Nutt's  pond 13,     69 

Odd  Fellows 221 

building  association 223 

Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co 224 

relief  association 224 

Offering,    Lowell,  Operatives'  Maga 
zine  and  329 

Officers,  field,  staff  and  line 369 

of  city 33,     83 

of  schools 122 

of  town 33 

Offutt,  E.  P 99 

Oil  Cloth  Carpet  Factory,  Manchester  321 

Olzendam,  A.  P 313,  421 

Onward  Council 244 

Operative,  Manchester 328 

Operatives'  Magazine  and  Lowell  Of 
fering 329 

Organ,  Junto 335 

Orphan  Asylum,  Roman  Cath.,26,  195,  277 


Orpheus 
Owl 


Paige,  J.  VV.  &  Company 

Warren 

Palladium,  Manchester 
Paper  —  Company,  Blodget 
Eagle  ..........  * 

hangings  made' 

made 

Mill,  Amoskeag 
Uncanoonuc 

Works,  Manchester 
Park  square 
Parker,  Henry  E 

James 

Joel 

Jonas  L.,  murder  of 


245 

326 

289 

271 

328 

319 

321 

319 

315,  321 

..  314 


314 

73 
136 
268 
42 
30 

Nathan 153,  164,  320,  422 

William 183,  185 


William  M 
Parsonage,  Episcopal 

First  Methodist 

St.  Ann's 

St.  Augustine's 

St.  Joseph's 
Passaconnaway 

Pastor,   longest   term  of    service 
Manchester  ................. 


44 
159 
138 
195 
195 
195 

10 

133 


Patrons  of  Husbandry  ..........  .  .....  243 

Patten,  William  ...............  '.  .  .  .  99,  201 

Patten's  block,  fire  in  ..............  88,    99 

Patterson,  John  ......................     86 

Payson,  S.  R  .........................  300 

White,  -  &  Company  ......  297 

Pennacook  Hose  Company  ...........     86 

Indians  ......................  371 

People,  Concord  ......................  327 

People's  Herald  .......  .  ..............  324 

Manchester  Memorial  and.  .  325 

Savings  Bank  ................  265 

Perry,  William  G  ........  ............  276 

Pest-house  ..........................     83 

Pettee,  Holmes  R  ...................  .  314 

Horace  ......................  314 

Peuple,  La  Voix  du  ..................  336 

Phalanx,  Manchester  Mechanics'.  339,  340 

Putnam 

Pherson,  John  F 
Philbrick,  Albinus 
Phoenix  ........ 

Pickels,  William 
Pickers,  power-loom,  made 
Picks,  made 
Pierce,  Franklin 

Nathan  H 

Thomas  P 

Pinkerton,  George  W 
Piper,  Benjamin  H  .......  . 

Piscataquog  Aid  Society 

river 

Sunday-school 

village,  12,  42,  70,  99,  111,  176, 
182,  183,   184,   204,   206,   214, 
245,  249,  252,  297,  318. 
academy  ..................  184 

Pitcher,  Lamed  ...............  23,  268,  269 

Police  ...............................     84 

tirst  ......................... 

court,  allowed  to  naturalize.  . 


240 
86 
312 
335 
129 
312 
308 
239 
82 
341 
320 
313 
206 

18,  183,  318 
185 


261, 


clerk  of.  ..................  42 

j  ustices  of  .........  32,  42,  84, 

Polls  ..............................  32, 

Ponds  ............................  69, 

Population  .....................  27,  32, 

Porter,  Alfred  ....................... 

Portsmouth  &  Concord  railway  ...... 

Post, 


26 
85 

,  85 
85 
66 
92 
65 

318 
75 


Louis  Bell  ......................  241 

office  .........................  249 

Potter,  Chandler  E  .........  44,  84,  92,  424 

Pound  .............................  20,    83 

Preaching  maintained  by  town  ----  16,     17 

Presbyterian—  Board  of  Missions  .....  184 

church  at  Bedford  Centre  ____  183 


29 


458 


INDEX. 


Presbyterian  church  at  Manchester 

Centre  .....................  130 

at  Piscataquog  village  ......  182 

doctrine  taught  ..............  183 

settlers  ......................     10 

Presbytery,  Londonderry  ........  132,  184 

Prichard,  Benjamin  ...........  23,  267,  268 

Print-cloths,  made  ..................  300 

printed  ..................  302,  321 

Print-Works,  Behnont  ...............  321 

Manchester  ................  294 

fire  at  ....................     97 

Protestant  churches  j  ................  130 

Providence  Light  Infantry  ...........  240 

Veteran  Association  ..........  240 

Public  buildings  ...................     81 

Forum  .......................  337 

library  ..................  43,44,  88 

Pumping-station  at  water-works.  .  .92,  94 
Putney,  P.  B  .......................  261 

Pythian  relief  association  ............  231 

Pythias,  Knights  of.  .................  2,9 


Quartermasters 
Quimby,  Thomas  L 


369 

77 


Railway,  Concord  ....................     28 

horse  .........................     76 

Suncook  Valley  ............  66,  76 

Railways  ............................     75 

Rand,  Jonathan  ......................   109 

Rangers,  of  Derryfield  ............     15 

Rifle  .........................  342 

Ray—  brook  ..........................    69 

cemetery  .....................     75 

John  C  ............  ...........     81 

Reading-room,  in  public  library.    ...     89 

Young  Men's  Christian  Asso 
ciation  ....................  204 

Young    Women's     Christian 
Association  .................  205 

Real  estate,  value  of.  ................     66 

Rebellion,  Manchester  in  the  .........  339 

Soldiers  of  the  ____   ..........  347 

War  of  the  ...................  339 

Record,  Literary,  Iris  &  .............  326 

Moore's  Musical  ..............  336 

Reeds,  made  .........................  312 

Reform  school,  state  .................     80 

Regiment,  N.  H.V.,  First,  240,  340,  341,  347 
Second  ...............        340,  347 

Third  ................  342,344,  349 

Fourth  ..........  241,  342,  346,  351 


Fifth. 


353 


Regiment,  N.  H.  V.,  Sixth 354 

Seventh 343,  354 

Eighth 343,  355 

Ninth 343,  357 

Tenth 343,  344,  346,  358 

Eleventh 360 

Twelfth 346,  361 

Thirteenth 345,  346 

Fourteenth 362 

Fifteenth 362 

Sixteenth 362 

Seventeenth 345 

Eighteenth 362 

Unknown 368 

Irish 343 

H.  A.,  First 345,  364 

U.  S.  A.,  First 368 

U.  S.  S.,  First 367 

Second 368 

Religious  societies 127 

Representative,  Amoskeag 323 

first,  from  Manchester  by  it 
self 24 

classed  with  Litchfield 19 

Manchester 26,  323 

men 373 

Republican,  City  Messenger  & 336 

Manchester 336 

True 336 

Reservoir,  Amoskeag  Company's.  .93,  286 

city's 93 

Reservoirs  for  tire  purposes.  .28,  29,  44,  87 

Residence  of  B.  F.  Martin 372 

of  Frederick  Smyth 371 

of  Waterman  Smith 372 

Reynolds,  Henry  C 308,  313 

Richardson,  Charles  L 276 

E.P 341 

William 90 

Riddell,  John 12 

Riddle,  George  W 67 

Isaac 31,  32,  84,  320,  341 

William  P 213,  214,  426 

Rifle  Company,  Manchester 236 

Rangers 342 

Rifles,  Amoskeag 342 

Haines 240 

Smyth 237 

Straw 240 

Rising  Sun  Lodge 230 

Robinson,  Gluey 23,  268 

Rock  Raymond 68 

Rimrnon 68 

Rogers,  Bryant  & 371 


INDEX. 


459 


Rogers,  Robert 

Rolfe,  William  M 

Rolls,  made 

Roman-Catholic— cemetery 

churches 

convent 

French 

Orphan  Asylum 26, 

property 

schools 

temperance  societies 

Rowell,  Joseph  M 

Roland  C 

Rundlett,  Thomas 

Russell,  Barr  &  Company 

Lobilell& 

Ryan,  John 


. ...  15 
. . . .  74 
. .  .  313 

,  . . .  75 
. ...  130 
. ...  195 
195,  200 
195,  277 
. ...  196 
.  ...  120 
....  236 
.30,  252 
. . . .  85 

...  213 
270 

...  270 
..  164 


Salaries  of— city  officers 

clerk  of  the  police  court 

engineers 

justice  of  police  court 

librarian  of  public  library.    . . 

police  

school  committee 

superintendent,  of  schools     . . 

teachers 

Sanborn,  Alden  W 

SethJ 

Sargent,  Levi 

Sashes  made 313, 

Saturday  Messenger  30,  324, 

Night  Dispatch 80, 

Sawyer,  J.  B 

J.C 

pond 

Sayles,  Willard 23,  268, 

Scales  made 

School,  Amoskeag  grammar 

Ash-street  grammar 

bell,  first  rung  from  city  hall, 

committee 112,  117, 

salary  of. 

districts 19,  25,  27, 


consolidated 


.  13, 


East  grammar 

evening 

high, 44, 

house,  Falls 

first 

in  districts  six  and  nine 

in  districts  three  and  four... 

old  high 

intermediate  


117 

118 

118 

314 

200 

271 

320 

329 

337 

90 

315 

92 

269 

320 

116 

114 

29 

122 

117 

109 

112 

114 

119 

112 

111 

19 

28 

27 

27 

116 


School,  Lincoln-street 

North  grammar.  

Park-street  grammar 
Piscataquog  grammar. . . 

property 

South  grammar 


115 
114 
115 
115 
111 
113 

state  reform 80,  100 

Wilson-hill 114 

Schools 109 

first 109 

Roman  Catholic 120 

superintendent  of.. 43,  44,  112, 

117,  122. 
Scotch  Irish  settlers  of  Londonderry..    10 

Seamless  bags 293 

Seccomb,  Rev.  Mr 127 

Section,  Manchester 233 

Selectmen  of  town 33 

Self-propellers,  made 285 

Settlement  of — Londonderry  10 

Manchester 10 

New  Hampshire 9 

Settlers  of  Londonderry,  Scotch  Irish    10 

Sewers 29,  31,44,68,  71 

Sewing-machine    attachments,    bob 
bin-winders   and  thumb-screws, 

made 318 

Shackbur,/,  Dr 15 

Shannon,  Josiah 297 

Sharpshooters,  U.  S.,  First  regiment..  367 

Second  regiment 368 

Shattuck,  Amos  B 84 

Brooks 81 

Shaw,  Edward 29 

William  M 319 

Sheep,  value  of 66 

Sheetings  made 269,  283,  292,  304 

Shepherd,  Samuel 320 

William 31,  271 

Shepley,  John 12 

Sheridan  Guards 240 

Shirtings,  made 269,  283,  304 

Shoddy,  made 306 

Shoe  and  Leather  Company 315 

Shoes,  dressing  for,  made 316 

manufacture  of. 100,  316,  321 

Shuttles,  made 312 

Sidewalks 44 

Silesias,  made 304 

Simmons,  George  R 86 

Slack,  R.  H 197 

Slade,  James 71 

Slater,  Samuel 23,  268,  269 

Small-pox 19,  25,  27 


460 


INDEX. 


Smith,  Isaac  W 67,  84,  89 

John  A.  V 312 

Joseph  L 315 

Waterman. .89,  98, 164,  320,  372  428 
Smyth,  Frederick  66,  80,  201,  340,  342, 
346,371,430. 

Rifles 237 

Smyth's  block,  built 201 

trees  in  front  of 68 

Societies,  miscellaneous 211 

musical 245 

of  different  kinds 243 

temperance ?3l 

Society,  Antiquarian  Sacred  Musical,  248 

Baptist,  First 145 

Merrimack-street 174 

Second 189 

Christian 193 

Congregational,  First.  134, 136,  165 

Franklin-street 167 

Second 165 

Domestic  Benevolent 194 

Freewill  Baptist,  Elm-street..  190 

First 148,  187 

Merrimack-street 190 

Pine  street 187 

Randall 190 

Manchester  District  Medical.,  246 
Manchester    Musical    Educa- 

cation 248 

Manchester  Women's  Aid  & 

Relief 207 

New  Hampshire  Agricultur 
al 80,  331 

New  Hampshire  State  Tem 
perance  330 

Piscafaquog  Aid 206 

St.  Jean  Baptiste 245 

Unitarian 160 

Universalist,  Elm-street.     . .   181 

First 139 

Second igo 

Soda,  made 318 

Soldiers,  Manchester,  list  of. 347 

welcomed  home 340 

Solicitors  of  city 59 

Sons  of  Temperance 232 

Southwark,  Jane 79 

Taylor  M 70 

Souvenir,  Iris  & 326,  327 

Literary 326 

Sovereigns  of  Industry 244 

Spear,  Justin 341 

Spofford,  John  T 251 


Spokes,  made 

Spooner,  Harrison 

Spy,  Haradon's  Weekly 

Manchester 

Squares 44 

St.  Ann's  church 120, 

parsonage 

St.  Augustine's  church 

parsonage 

St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society 

St.  John's  Total  Abstinence  Society. . 

St.  Joseph's  church 121, 

pursonage      

St.  Michael's  church 28,  156, 

St.  Patrick's  Mutual  Benefit  and  Pro 
tective  Association 

St.  Paul's  Total  Abstinence  Society. . 

Staff'  officers > 

Stages 

Stanley,  Clinton  W 67, 

Stanton  Ben :  F 

Stark,  Archibald 

Frederick  G 82,  268, 

Guards 236, 

house 

John 15,  18,  24 

Lodge 

Mills 271,272, 

agent's  house 

counting-room 

fire  at 

place 

Veterans 

William 

Stark's  tomb 

Star  of  Bethlehem 

Stars  and  Stripes 

State  Fire  Insurance  Company 

Statesman,  Independent 

Station,  passenger 

pumping 

Stationary  engines  made. 

Steam  &  Gas -Pipe  Company,  Merri- 

naack 

Steam  fire  engines,  made 

Stevens,  Aaron  F 

A.G 

Daniel  L 

23, 

23,82, 


David  ... 
Ephraim . 
G.  W  . . . . 
Josiah... . 
Phinehas 
pond 


313 
306 
331 
331 
,  72 
194 
195 
195 
195 
245 
236 
195 
195 
196 

244 

236 

369 

76 

433 

89 

11 

321 

342 

81 

,  80 

235 

287 

26 

270 

96 

24 

237 

44 

24 

325 

335 

266 

329 

76 

92 

285 

319 
285 
346 
271 
271 
267 
267 
271 

77 
271 

29 


INDEX. 


461 


Stevens,  Robert 23,  267 

Stickney,  Thomas 21 

Stock  in  trade  in  city,  value  of. 66 

Stockings,  made 313 

Stocks  in  banks  in  city,  value  of 66 

Stokes,  Benjamin  S 312 

Stone,  Eliza  P 345 

Joseph 297 

Straw,  E.  A. .66,  89,  90,  91,  275,  305,  320,  434 

Herman  F 275 

Rifles 240 

Streets 67 

lighted 44 

superintendent  of. 68 

Sullivan,  Camp  342 

Sulloway,  Cyrus  A 67 

Sumter,  Fort 339 

Suncook  Valley  railway 66,    76 

Sunday-school,  Baptist,  First 145 

Merrimack-street 174 

Christian 194 

Congregational,  First 133 

Franklin-street 170 

Episcopal 159 

Freewill  Baptist,  Merrimack- 
street 191 

Pine-street 186 

Methodist,  First 138 

St.  Paul's 154 

Mission 180 

Piscataquog 185 

Second  Advent 192 

Unitarian 164 

Universalist,  Elm-street 182 

First 142 

Superintendent  of  schools.  43,  44,  112,  117 

salary  of 118 

ol  state  reform  school 81 

of  streets 68 

Surgeons 369 

Swamscott  Lodge 230 

Tasker,  J.  C 320 

Taxes 34,  66 

collector  of 42 

Taylor,  Joel 251 

Teacher,  first 109 

Teachers,  salaries  of 118 

state  —  association 119 

Telegraph,  fire  alarm 87 

Franklin 79 

Nashua 336 

Western  Union 79 

Telescope,  Manchester 330 


Temperance  Banner,    New    Hamp 
shire 330 

cadets 236 

Cadets  of. 233 

Daughters  of. 233 

League,  Women's 236 

Society,  New  Hampshire  State,  330 

societies 231 

Sons  of. 232 

Templars,  Good 234 

Temple,  Cold  Water 235 

hall 173 

Masonic 212 

fire  in 101,  212 

of  Honor 233,  235 

Tenney,  Franklin 101,  277 

Tickings,  A.  C.  A 96,  269 

made 269,  283 

Tiffany,  Lyman 23,  268,  269 

Tillotson,  B.  M 44 

Times,  Lake  Village 336 

Tools,  made 285 

Topliff,  Elijah  M 67,  84 

Torrent,  White  Mountain 328 

Towelings,  made 292,  318 

Towle,  Hiram 70 

Towlesville 70,  316 

Town— clerks 39 

farm 28,  82 

house,  built 27 

burned 29,  95,  167 

converted    from     meeting 
house 25 

re-built 29,  167 

hundredth  anniversary  of. ...    44 

incorporated 13 

meeting,  day  of. 20 

first 15 

first  in  new  village 27 

vacated 16,  128 

moderators  of. 38 

officers 33 

selectmen  of. 33 

Transcript,  Manchester 327 

Treasurers  of  city 59 

of  public  library 89 

Tremont  square 44,  72,  73 

Trinity  Commandry 212,  216 

Encampment 216,  217 

True  Republican 336 

Trustees  of  public  library .88,  89 

Tubbee,  Okah 215 

Tubbs,  E.  M 277,  315 

Tucker  &  Mathes 320 


462 


INDEX. 


Tucker,  Rev.  Mr 207 

Turnverein 245 

Turbine  wheels,  made 285 

Tyng,  William 12 

Tyngstown. 12 

Uncanoonuc  mountains 372 

Paper-Mill 315 

Union— Association 151,  164,  187 

Blackrnar 233 

Degree  Lodge 224,  235 

Democrat 80,  327,  332 

Grand 233 

Guards 339 

Machinists  &  Blacksmiths'. . .  235 

Manchester,  Choral 245 

Daily 80,  333 

Social 246 

National   Cat holic  'Total  Ab 
stinence 236 

Number  Six :  233 

Weekly 99,  333 

Unitarian  chapel 28,  29,  152,  164  187 

church Ill,  162,  199 

society ion 

Sunday-school 164 

reduced  to  one  class ]  63 

Universalist  church,  Elm-street 182 

First    27,  139,141,  148 

Second 139 

society,  Elm-  street 181 

First 139,  180 

Second 180 

Sunday-school,  Elm-street. . .    182 

First 142 

Upjohn,  Richard 197 

Upton,  Samuel 84,  342 

Valley  cemetery 27 

Valuation  of  city 66 

of  town 32 

Value  of— city  property 66 

cows 66 

factories  and  machinery 66 

horses 66 

Polls G6 

real  estate 66 

school  property in 

sheep 66 

stock  in'trade 66 

stocks  in  banks 66 

Varick,  John  B 112 

Varney,  D.  B 96,316,  438 

James  M 341 

Veteran  Reserve  Corps T.366 


Veterans,  Amoskeag 237 

Manchester 240 

Stark , 237 

Vickery  &  Company 318 

W.  H 86 

Village,  Amoskeag. .  12, 42, 70, 100,  111, 
130,  131,  139,  141,  143,  183, 
249,253,273,315,321. 

Moore's 70 

Piscataquog.  .12,  42, 70, 99,  111, 
176,  182,  183,  184,  185,  204, 
206,  214,  245,  249,  2&2,  297,  318 

Villages 70 

Visitor,  Farmers'  Monthly..  .331,  332.  333 

Granite  Farmer  & 334 

Literary 336 

Voix,  La  — du  Peuple 336 

Votes  for  mayor  at  each  election.. ...     60 
Vulcan  Works 306 

Walcott,  Philemon 268 

Wallace,  A.  C 91,  99,  315,  317,  318,  341 

C.  W 31,  44,  136,  439 

William 268 

War,  French  and  Indian 13 

IS  arragansett 12 

of  1812 24 

of  the  Rebellion 339 

Revolutionary 17,  18 

Seven  Years' 15 

Wards 42,  43 

Warren,  C.  F 310 

S.  D 314 

Washington,  George 219 

Lodge 212,  219 

Waste,  made 315 

Watch,  captain  of  the 85 

Watchmen 85 

Water-Power    Company,    Amoskeag 

Land  and 274,  275 

Merrimack 319 

Water- Works 29,  43,  44,  90 

commissioners  of. 91 

engineer  of. 94 

Watson,  Alexander  T 345 

Watts,  Horace  P 318 

Webber,  Samuel 341,  342 

Webster,  John 19 

United  States  General  Hospi 
tal 345 

William  A 345 

William  B 305 

Webster's  Mills 13 

Wells,  Charles 30,  222,  250 


INDEX. 


463 


Wentworth,  Asa 30 

Benning 13.  18 

Henry  T 30 

Horace 30 

Wesleyan  Methodist  church 176 

Western  Union  Telegraph 79 

Weston,  Amos 21 

farm 129 

James  A 21,67.76,  90,  440 

Jason 251 

Wheelwright,  John 9 

Whipple,  Thomas  J 346 

White,  D.  K 100 

Mountain  Torrent 328 

Payson  &  Company 297 

Whitney,  Henry  S 271 

Whittle,  William 297 

Wiggin,  John  S 31 

Wildey  Lodge 228 

Wilkins,  James  McKeen 81 

Wilson  hill...                                       ..  372 


Wilson  hill  school 114 

Wilson,  H.  T 129 

Newton,  II 84,  85 

Winch,  Isaiah 221 

Window— frames,  made 317 

sashes  made 318 

Winnipesaukee  Gazette 335 

Women's  Aid  &  Relief  Society,  Man 
chester 207 

Temperance  League 236 

Wonolanset  Encampment 225 

Wooden  wares,  made 312 

Wool  pulled 314 

Workingmen's  associations 247 

Workman,  Manchester 27,  325 

Worsted  goods,  dyed 302 

made 300 

Yankee  Doodle 15 

Young,  John  C 345 

Youngsville 70 


PLUMER,  CHANDLER  &  CO., 

DKAI,l?nS   IN 

Ready-Made  Clothing! 


HATS, 


FURNISHING  GOODS, 


AND 

MANUFACTURERS 

OF 


897  &  £991 

ELM    ST.,    5 


MANCHESTER,  N.  H 


Arlington 
Piano  Co,, 


THE  MASON  &  HAMLIN  ORGAN  CO., 

Very  Low,  for  Cash,  or  on  time,  at 


No.  9  Hanover  Street,) 
Manchester,  N.  H,    j 


N 
i 


'S 
p 


Would  respectfully  inform  the  citizens  of  this  city  and  adjoining  towns,  that  they 
continue  in  their  business  of 

UNDERTAKERS,  AT  THE  OLD  STAND, 

which  iias  been  occupied  tor  the  past  thirty  years  for  this  business, 
OPPOSITE    THE    CHURCH,  HANOVER    ST. 

We  will  attend  to  all  business  entrusted  to  us  with  promptness  and  tender  regard 
for  the  afflicted.  We  keep  the  largest  assortment  of  Coffins,  Caskets,  Robes  and  Un 
dertakers'  .Materials  that  is  to  be  found  in  this  city,  and  OUR  PRICKS  SHALL  BE  THE 
LOWEST.  We  will  furnish  Cut  Flowers,  Wreaths,  Crosses,  Ac.,  and  have  them  pre 
served  in  wax  at  short  notice.  We  have  the  best  and  latest  style  HEARSE  in  the  city, 
and  can  be  found  at  our  store  at  any  hour  of  the  dny  or  night,  by  ringing  the  bell. 
We  ask  any  that  are  obliged  to  buy  these  Goods,  to  please  call  before  purchasing. 

M.   O.  PEARSON.  F.   L.   WALLACE. 

IFIIKIIEJ  & 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 


Agents  for  Magee's  new  Plate  Iron  Furnaces,  for  heating  Churches, 
Halls  and  Dwelling-houses. 

Warranted  to  give  entire  satisfaction.    Send  for  Descriptive  Book. 
STANDARD  PORTABLE  RANGE,  the  best  cooking  apparatus  in  the  market. 

STANDARD  PARLOR  HEATER,  a  new  and  beautiful  stove. 
COOKING  AND  PARLOR  STO  VE  S  in  great  variety  ;  Hollow  Ware,  Caul 

dron  Kettles,  Sinks,  and  a  complete  line  of  Kitchen  furnishing  goods. 
Special  attention  given  to  Plumbing—  good  workmen  and  Plumbers'  material  con 
stantly  on  hand,  and  will  warrant  all  work  entrusted  to  our  care  to  give  satisfaction. 
972  Elm  Street,  MAIVCHESTIER,  W.  H. 


JOHN   B.    VARICK, 


DEALER   IN 


Hardware,  Iron  i  Steel,  Paints,  Oils  I  Glass, 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS  AND  SEEDS,  LEATHER  AND 
RUBBER  BELTING,  LACINGS; 

Carriage  Wheels,  Seats,  Felloes  and  Spokes, 

Cordage,  Sliect  Lead,  Lead  Pipe,  «fce.,  «fce., 

809  &  811  Elm  Street,  MANCHESTER,  N.  H. 

Hunt  &  Lowell, 


Manufacturers. 

Repairing  of  all  descriptions, 
Painting,  Trimminn, 

Woodwork  and  Blacksmithing. 
Horseshoeing  in  all  its  Branches. 

No.  51  Lowell  st,,  Manchester,  N.H. 


J.  W.  M.  HUNT.         SAM  C.  LOWELL. 


Hayes  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Liquor  Dealers, 

15  &  17  Mercantile  Block,  Manchester,  N,  H, 

We  invariably  hold  the  largest  stock  of  Pure  Liquors  in  the  state.    Orders  by  mail  . 
or  express  promptly  attended  to  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

JAMES  G.  STURGIS,  M.  D., 

PHYSICIAN  AID  §1U]R(GHE©M, 

Brown'  's  Block,  712  Elm  Street,  Manchester,  JV.  //. 

Residence  148  Pearl  Street 


983  ELfisTREET, 


ishedn    ssa 


MANCHESTER.  N.  H  . 


DEALERS    IN    STAPLE    DRY    GOODS, 

Choice  Family  and  Fancy  Groceries,    Flour,    Fine   Teas,  Coffees, 

Spices,  Nuts,  Fruit,  both  Foreign  and  Domestic  ;  Potash,  Tar. 

Rosin,  Gunpowder,  Fishing  Tackle,  &c.,  &c., 


Steam,  Gas  I  Water  Pipes,  Iron  I  Brass  Fittings, 

Steam  Pumps,  Injectors,  Gauyes,  Whistles,  Valves,  Cocks.  &c. 
Gas  Fixtures,  Chandeliers,  Pendants,  Brackets,  &c., 

Agt.  for  Pat.  Wrought  Iron  Enameled  Water  Pipe.     Agl.  for  Knowles  Steam  Pumps. 

WELL'S  BLOCK,  SPRING  STREET,  MANCHESTER,  N.  H. 


BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


BILLIARD  HALLS. 

'  Thenix,"  1296  Elm  St.,  Gaffney  &  Stowe.    Residence,  National  Hotel. 

BAKERY. 
C.  C.  Fisk,  99  Hanover  st.    Residence,  322  Park  st. 

BOOKS  AND  STATIONERY. 
E.  R.  Coburn,  16  Hanover  st.     Residence,   Hall  st. 
A.  Quimby,  7  Hanover  st.     Residence,  43  Hanover  st. 

Wm.  H.  Fisk.  No.  4  Methodist  Church  Block.    Residence,  Manchester  House. 
C.  E.  Nutting,  No.  2  City  Hall,  Elm  st.     Residence,  301  Ainherst  st. 

BOOTS  AND  SHOES. 

Frederick  C.  Dow,  Merrimack  Block,  832  Elm  st.    Residence,  263  Hanover  st. 

COAL  AND  ICE. 
Dickey,  Young  &  Co.,  690  Elm  st. 

COUNSELORS. 

John  H.  Andrews,  Patten's  Block,  north  entrance.    Residence,  136  Myrtle  St. 
William  R.  Patten,  Patten's  Block,  north  entrance.    Residence,  Haseltine  House. 
Henry  E.  Burnham,  Patten's  Block,  north  entrance.     Residence,  407  Hanover  st. 
Isaac^L.  Heath,  Patten's  Block,  south  entrance.     Residence,  Haseltine  House. 
Frank  Hiland.  Patten's  Block,  north  entrance.    Residence,  Haseltine  House. 
David  Cross,  Patten's  Block.     Residence,  1552  Elm  st. 
S.  D.  Lord,  2  Union  Building,  898  Elm  sc.    Residence,  341  Hanover  et. 
N.  P.  Hunt,  Patten's  Block.     Residence,  No.  38  Ash  st. 
C.  A.  O'Conner,  801  Elm  st.    Residence,  Haseltine  House. 

C.  A.  Sulloway,  Patten's  Block.  Res.,  324  Manchester  st.,  cor.  Manchester  and  Maple. 
A.  C.  Osgood,  Granite  Block.    Residence,  281  Central  st. 

Samuel  Upton,  Merchants'  Exchange.    Residence,  Concord  St.,  cor.  Beech  st. 
J.  W.  Fellows,  Merchants'  Exchange.    Residence,  cor.  Pearl  and  Union  sts. 
Henry  VV.  Tewksbury,  Towne's  Block.     Residence,  95  Harrison  st. 
Charles  H.  Bartlett,  Riddle's  Block.    Residence,  cor.  High  and  Pine  sts. 
James  F.  Briggs,  Patten's  Block.     Residence,  148  Concord  st. 

Henry  S.  Clark,  859  Merchants'  Exchange,  Elm  st.    Res.,  cor.  Pine  and  Lowell  sts. 
Henry  H.  Huse,  Patten's  Block.     Residence,  Walnut  st.,  cor.  Bridge  st. 

CLOTHING. 

John  Lee,  7  Patten's  Block.    Residence,  311  Manchester  st. 

Cuinner  &  Co.,  888  Elm  st.     B.  G.  Cumner,  N.  W.  Cumner. 

A.  H.  Weston,  836  Elmst.    Residence,  cor.  Chestnut  and  Prospect. 

Folsom  &  Son,  No.  3  City  Hall  Building.    J.  S.  Folsom,  J.  A.  Folsom. 

Edwin  Kennedy,  946  Elm  st. 

J.  W.  C.  Pickering,  994  Elm  st.    Residence,  Harrison  st.,  cor.  Union  st. 

Joseph  Freschl,  770  Elm  st. 

John  D.  Bean,  1005  Elm  st.     Residence,  cor.  Pine  and  Concord  sts. 

Plurner,  Chandler  &  Co.,  897  and  899  Elm  st. 

P.  K.  Chandler,  930  Elm  st.     Residence,  143  Myrtle  st. 


CROCKERY,  CHINA  AND  TABLE  CUTLERY. 

Chas.  A.  Smith,  No.  3  Patten's  Block.    Residence,  593  Beech  st. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERS. 
Ellis  &  Patterson,  Riddle's  Block,  885  Elm  st. 

CARRIAGE  MANUFACTURERS. 

J.  Wilson  M.  Hunt,  No.  51  Lowell  st.    Residence,  20  Ash  st. 
A    W   Sanborn,  No.  1168  Elm  st.     Residence,  cor.  Bridge  and  Beech  sts. 
J.'j3.  McCrillis  &  Son,  cor.  Bridge  and  Wilson  sts.    Residence,  520  Beech  st. 

CIGAR  MANUFACTURER. 

Geo.  H.  Hubbard,  12  Hanover  St.,  opp.  P.  O. 

CLOAK  MANUFACTURER. 

W.  P.  Rundlett  &  Co.,  Cloak  Rooms  49  Hanover  st. 
DRY  GOODS. 

Barton  &  Co  ,  849  and  851  Elm  st 

G  H.  Tansvvell,  29  Hanover  st.     Residence,  2J1  Central  st. 

Waite  Bros.,  No.  1  Masonic  Temple,  Hanover  st. 

Holton  &  Sprasue,  855  Elm  st.,  Merchants'  Exchange. 

George  S.  Holmes,  No.  3  Globe  Block,  Hanover  st.  Residence,  294  and  296  Hanover  st. 

S   P   Jackson,  Jackson  &  Co.,  8(51  Elm  st. 

A.  Jackson,  Jackson  &  Co.,  861  Elm  st. 

DRUGGISTS. 

Z  F  Campbell,  cor.  Elm  and  Amherst  sts.     Residence,  474  Pine  st. 
Chas  M.  Jones,  1133  Elm  st.    Residence,  29  Asli  st. 
John  R.  Hanson,  1167  Kim  st.    Residence,  Lowell  st.,  cor.  Beacon  st. 
G.  E.  Hall,  cor.  Elm  and  Hanover  sts. 

FRUIT,  CONFECTIONERY  AND  TOYS. 

E.  O.  Abbott,  989  Elm  st.    Residence,  43  Walnut  st. 

FANCY  GOODS. 
James  Holmes,  860  Elm  st.    Residence,  Chestnut  st. 

FURNITURE. 

Wm.  Parker,  jr.,  984  Elm  st.    Residence,  253  Central  st. 
Parker  &  Gordon.  824  Elm  st.     Residence,  361  Hanover  st. 
John  E.  Bennett,  732  Elm  st.    Residence,  Manchester  House. 

FLOUR  AND  GRAIN. 

H.  &  H.  R.  Pettee,  754  Elm  st.     Residences,  362  Hanover  st.  and  448  Amherst  st. 
Watts  &  Holmes,  698  Elm  st.,  cor.  of  Central  st. 

GROCERS. 
Henry  C.  Merrill,  928  Elm  st.    Residence,  119  Myrtle  st. 

A.  M.  Eastman,  850  Elm  st.    Residence,  275  Hanover  st. 

Eager  &  Robinson,  776  Elm  st.    J.  Q.  A.  Eager,  Fred  A.  Robinson. 
J.  M.  Chandler  &  Co.,  983  Elm  st.    J.  M.  Chandler,  G.  B.  Chandler. 
Andrew  McNub,  750  Elm  st.     Residence,  368  Manchester  st. 
John  Sweeney,  687  Elm  st.    Residence,  cor.  Elm  and  Central  sts. 
Locke  &  Demick,  71  Hanover  st.    R.  M.  Locke,  L.  B.  Demick. 

F.  M.  Boire  &  Co.,  1076  Elm  st.    Residence,  M2  Chestnut  st. 
O.  Burpee,  1139  Elm  st.    Residence,  15  Laurel  st. 

I).  M.  Poore,  1163  Elm  st.    Residence,  85  Blodget  st. 
Moody  &  Co.,  1217  Elm  st. 

B.  P.  Burpee,  744  Elm  st.    Residence,  Merrimack  st. 

Octave  L.  Messier,  982  and  988  *:im  st.    Residence,  192  Manchester  st. 

Daniel  Connor,  611  and  613  Elm  st. 

Plunders  &  Benson.  820  Elm  st. 

Stearns  &  Farmer,  City  Hall  building,  Elm  st.    Geo.  H.  Stearns,  C.  W.  Farmer. 

E.  L.  Gauvreau  &  Co  ,  Connor  Block,  P]lrn  st.,  opp.  National  Hotel. 

A.  Mallard  &  Son,  129,  131  and  133  Merrimack  st. 

HARDWARE,  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS,  ETC. 

Daniels  &  Company,  No.  1  Patten's  Block,  938  Elm  st. 

W.  C  Rogers,  1006  Elm  st.    Residence,  Haseltine  House. 

John  B.  Varick,  809  and  811  Elm  st.    Residence,  537  Union  st.,  cor.  Concord  st. 


HOTELS. 

P.  W.  Haseltine,  Haseltine  House.  Manchester  st. 
John  H.  Willey,  National  Hotel,  Elm  and  Granite  sts. 
F.  A.  McLaughlin,  City  Hotel,  Elin  st. 

HARNESS  AND  CARRIAGE  MART. 

Edwin  Branch,  opp.  City  Hotel.    Residence,  130  Pearl  st. 

INSURANCE  AGENTS. 
John  C.  French,  589  Elm  st. 

G  M.  Saiiborn,  Towne's  Block.    Residence,  318  Manchester  st. 
Clarence  M.  Edgerly,  991  Elm  st.,  Duncklee's  Block. 
W.  G.  Everett,  859  Elm  st.    Residence,  River  Road,  north. 

JEWELERS  AND  WATCH-MAKERS. 

Dunlap  &  Baker,  959  Elm  st.,  cor.  Amherst  st. 

Langdoii  Simons,  1019  Elm  st.,  Mercantile  Block.    Residence,  16  High  st. 

LIVERY  STABLES. 

Raymond  &  McLaughlin,  23  Lowell  st.      W.  A.  Raymond,  Fred  A.  McLaughlin. 

LUMBER. 
A.  Dinsmore,  cor.  Elm  and  Summer  sts.    Residence,  cor.  Beech  and  Pearl  sts. 

LEATHER  AND  SHOE  FINDINGS. 
Jeremiah  Stickney,  1070  and  1072  Elm  st.    Residence,  cor.  Chestnut  and  Harrison 

MUSIC  AND  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

I.  S.  Whitney,  866  Elm  St.,  Ferreu's  Building.    Residence,  241  Central  st. 
Baldwin  &  Batchelder,  9  Hanover  st..  over  Posi-Office. 

MARBLE  WORKERS. 
Palmer  &  Garmon,  604  Elm  st.    I.  D.  Palmer,  W.  G.  Garmon,  C.  D.  Palmer. 

MILLINERY. 
Thomas  Morgan,  No.  13  Central  Block. 

MINERAL  AND  SODA  WATER. 
F.  L.  Gray,  868  Elm  st.    Residence,  143  Pearl  st. 

PHYSICIANS. 

W.  F.  Byrns,  M.  D.,  Brown's  Building,  Elm  st.     Residence,  Haseltine  House. 
James  G.  Sturgis,  M.  D.,  Office,  712  Elm  st.     Residence,  148  Pearl  st. 

C.  A.  Manning,  M.  D.,  Office,  10  Towne's  Block.    Residence,  431  Manchester  st. 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

Stephen  Piper,  No.  905  Elm  st.     Residence,  ditto. 

S.  D.  Quint.  No.  939  Elm  st.     Residence,  550  Chestnut  st. 

A.  H.  Saiiborn,  No.  996  Elm  st.    Residence,  11  Towne's  Block. 

PLUMBER  AND  GAS-FITTER. 
Thos.  A.  Lane,  1  and  2  Wells'  Block,  Spring  st.    Residence,  Clay  St.,  near  Elm  st. 

PAINTERS. 
Joel  Daniels,  Smyth's  Block,  Elm  st.     Residence,  32  Ash  st. 

RESTAURANTS. 
Leander  Pope,  622  Elm  st. 
Barrett  &  Hunt,  1143  Elm  st.    Residence  of  J.  W.  Barrett,  332  Merrimack  st. 

STEAM-HEATING  APPARATUS. 
J.  Q.  A.  Sargent,  Haseltine  House.    Residence,  499  Beech  st. 

SPORTING  GOODS. 
Vickery  &  Stevens,  1043  Elm  st. 

STOVES. 

Sullivan  Bros.,  cor.  Elm  &  Concord  sts.  and  Brown's  Block,  south  end  Elm  st. 
Pike  &  Heald,  972  Elm  st.,  Central  Building-.     R.  H.  Pike,  C.  N.  Heald. 

D.  Milton  Goodwin,  710  Elm  st.    Residence,  Park  St.,  Hallsville. 
Fairbanks  &  Folsom,  762  Elm  st.    H.  B.  Fairbanks,  W.  T.  Folsoin. 


TOBACCONISTS. 

J.  B.  Scott1&  Co.,  796  and  798  Elm  st.    Residence,  362  Merrimack  sfc. 
A.  D.  Hunkins,  875  Elm  st. 

UNDERTAKERS. 

Pearson  &  Wallace,  opp.  Hanover  st.  Church. 
Hamilton  Melendy,  93  Hanover  st. 

UPHOLSTERY  GOODS. 
Robert  D.  Gay,  No.  1  Masonic  Temple.     Residence,  86  Prospect  st. 

WINES,  LIQUORS,  ETC. 

Haves  &  Co.,  15  and  17  Concord  st..  Mercantile  Block.    Res.,  Harrison  st.  cor.  Oak  st. 
Patrick  Fahey  &  Co.,  734  Elm  st. 

WOOD  DEALERS. 
G.  A.  Clarke,  374  Chestnut  st. 

WOOD  WORKERS. 
J.  Hodge,  Elm  st.,  cor.  Auburn  st.    Residence,  454  Amherst  st.,  cor.  Hall. 

WOOD  AND  COAL. 
E.  P.  Johnson  &  Co.,  668  Elm  st. 


M272216 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CDBfl^SflESb 


KlJI 


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